Zeier P, Sandner M, Wessa M. Regulating emotions with experience - the effectiveness of reappraisal inventiveness depends on situational familiarity.
ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024;
37:77-85. [PMID:
37075169 DOI:
10.1080/10615806.2023.2200999]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Previous research identified cognitive reappraisal as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy. However, theories on emotion regulation flexibility suggest that reappraisal effectiveness (RE) may depend on an individual's familiarity with stressors. In this study, we expect high reappraisal inventiveness (RI), i.e., the generation of many and categorically different reappraisals, to increase RE for individuals with low situational familiarity. Individuals with high situational familiarity, however, would be more effective with low RI.
DESIGN
A total of 148 participants completed the Script-based Reappraisal Task, in which they were presented with fear- and anger-eliciting scripts. Depending on trial type, participants were instructed to reappraise (reappraisal-trial) or react naturally (control-trial) to the scripts. After each trial, participants indicated affective states and reappraisals. We assessed RI and calculated RE-scores as difference between affect ratings in reappraisal- and control-trials for valence and arousal. Finally, participants rated the familiarity with each situation.
RESULTS
The results indicated a significant moderating effect of situational familiarity on the relationship between RI and RE-valence (not RE-arousal). The moderation was mainly driven by a detrimental effect of RI for individuals with high situational familiarity.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results hint at the importance of individual experience with emotional content in the research of cognitive reappraisal.
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