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Kring L, Iversen E, Ibsen B, Fehsenfeld M. Exploring the impact of stressful life events on quality of life: meaning making and narrative reconstruction. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2330117. [PMID: 38525819 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2330117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stressful life events have the capacity to disrupt an individual's worldview and life goals, leading to existential questions and identity loss. The subjective perception of identity is intricately linked with quality of life (QoL), and how individuals derive meaning from these stressful life events significantly influences their well-being. This article explored the impact of stressful life events on individuals' QoL, and examined the potential for enhancing QoL through meaning making and narrative reconstruction. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 individuals reporting diminished QoL and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The study reveals that stressful life events confront interviewees with the vulnerability of their values in life and the limits of their control, leading them to question their own beliefs and purpose in life. Consequently, these events prompt individuals to reconstruction their narratives to adapt to new life circumstances. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that "securing the base," including strong social relations and security in economic and housing conditions, is a prerequisite for enhancing QoL. The insights on "the base" have profound implications for QoL. Recognizing their fundamental importance, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and social service providers can support mechanisms to enhance these foundations, improving overall well-being for individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kring
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Evald Iversen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Ibsen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Scherbakov D, Mollalo A, Lenert L. Stressful life events in electronic health records: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1025-1035. [PMID: 38349862 PMCID: PMC10990522 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stressful life events, such as going through divorce, can have an important impact on human health. However, there are challenges in capturing these events in electronic health records (EHR). We conducted a scoping review aimed to answer 2 major questions: how stressful life events are documented in EHR and how they are utilized in research and clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three online databases (EBSCOhost platform, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify papers that included information on stressful life events in EHR; paper titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS Five hundred fifty-seven unique papers were retrieved, and of these 70 were eligible for data extraction. Most articles (n = 36, 51.4%) were focused on the statistical association between one or several stressful life events and health outcomes, followed by clinical utility (n = 15, 21.4%), extraction of events from free-text notes (n = 12, 17.1%), discussing privacy and other issues of storing life events (n = 5, 7.1%), and new EHR features related to life events (n = 4, 5.7%). The most frequently mentioned stressful life events in the publications were child abuse/neglect, arrest/legal issues, and divorce/relationship breakup. Almost half of the papers (n = 7, 46.7%) that analyzed clinical utility of stressful events were focused on decision support systems for child abuse, while others (n = 7, 46.7%) were discussing interventions related to social determinants of health in general. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Few citations are available on the prevalence and use of stressful life events in EHR reflecting challenges in screening and storing of stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Scherbakov
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Leslie Lenert
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
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Quaresma A, Alves E, Fraga S, Henriques A. Stressful life events and heart disease and stroke: A study among Portuguese older adults. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3312. [PMID: 37679906 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The link between stressful life events (SLE) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine the association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke, among older adults. Data from 678 participants from the population-based cohort EPIPorto, with ≥60 years and complete information regarding SLE and heart disease or stroke, were analysed. Stressful life events were measured through the 'Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire'. A previous diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was self-reported. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with the respective 95% confidence intervals were computed through logistic regression. Almost a fourth of the participants never experienced any SLE throughout life, 30.0% experienced at least one event, 17.5% experienced two and 27.7% had experienced three or more SLE. A dose-effect association between SLE and the diagnosis of heart disease or stroke was observed, statistically significant for those who had at least 3 types of SLE, independently of confounders (≥3SLE vs. 0SLE: OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.12-3.57). This cross-sectional study suggests that cumulative exposure to different types of SLE during the life course was associated with a higher likelihood of having a diagnosis of heart disease or a stroke at a later age. Future longitudinal studies should better deepen this association, particularly by evaluating which type of SLE is more related to a higher prevalence of heart disease and stroke, and how the timing of the SLE influence this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Quaresma
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Alves
- São João de Deus School of Nursing, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Silvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Henriques
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ye Y, Wang H, Liao X, Yu C, Zhang W. Stressful Life Events, Sleep Quality and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Sensation Seeking. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:286. [PMID: 38667082 PMCID: PMC11047468 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing evidence that stressful life events are associated with adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), few studies have investigated the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this link. The current study examined whether sleep quality mediated the link between stressful life events and NSSI and whether this mediating process was moderated by adolescent sensation seeking. The participants were 1006 Chinese adolescents (48.21% boys; mean age = 13.16 years, SD = 0.67). They completed the Life Events Checklist, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and NSSI Questionnaire. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the hypothesized moderated mediation model. The results showed that sleep quality significantly mediated the positive association between stressful life events and adolescent NSSI. Moreover, this mediating pathway was moderated by sensation seeking. Specifically, the risk impact of stressful life events on NSSI through sleep quality was significant only among adolescents with high-level sensation seeking but not among those with low-level sensation seeking. These findings provide intervention insights to reduce the risk of adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Ye
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huahua Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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He M, Mao Y, Qiu J. Trait anxiety and corresponding neuromarkers predict internet addiction: A longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:177-190. [PMID: 38451271 PMCID: PMC10988413 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The high prevalence of internet addiction (IA) has become a worldwide problem that profoundly affects people's mental health and executive function. Empirical studies have suggested trait anxiety (TA) as one of the most robust predictors of addictive behaviors. The present study investigated the neural and socio-psychological mechanisms underlying the association between TA and IA. Methods Firstly, we tested the correlation between TA and IA. Then we investigated the longitudinal influence of TA on IA using a linear mixed effect (LME) model. Secondly, connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) was employed to explore neuromarkers of TA, and we tested whether the identified neuromarkers of TA can predict IA. Lastly, stressful life events and default mode network (DMN) were considered as mediating variables to explore the relationship between TA and IA. Findings A significant positive correlation between TA and IA was found and the high TA group demonstrated higher IA across time. CPM results revealed that the functional connectivity of cognitive control and emotion-regulation circuits and DMN were significantly correlated with TA. Furthermore, a significant association was found between the neuromarkers of TA and IA. Notably, the CPM results were all validated in an independent sample. The results of mediation demonstrated that stressful life events and correlated functional connectivity mediated the association between TA and IA. Conclusions Findings of the present study facilitate a deeper understanding of the neural and socio-psychological mechanisms linking TA and IA and provide new directions for developing neural and psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Mao
- College of Computer and Information Science, College of Software, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Mäki K, Nybo T, Hietanen M, Huovinen A, Marinkovic I, Isokuortti H, Melkas S. Stressful life events are associated with self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm13438. [PMID: 38436399 PMCID: PMC10926572 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between recent stressful life events and self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. DESIGN Observational cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Patients (aged 18-68 years) with mild traumatic brain injury (n = 99) or lower extremity orthopaedic injury (n = 34). METHODS Data on stressful life events and self-reported symptoms were collected 3 months post-injury. Stressful life events in the last 12 months were assessed as part of a structured interview using a checklist of 11 common life events, self-reported fatigue with Barrow Neurological Institute Fatigue Scale, and depressive symptoms with Beck Depression Inventory - Fast Screen. RESULTS Median number of stressful life events was 1 (range 0-7) in the mild traumatic brain injury group and 1.5 (range 0-6) in the orthopaedic injury group. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of fatigue or depressive symptoms. In the mild traumatic brain injury group, the total number of recent stressful life events correlated significantly with self-reported fatigue (rs = 0.270, p = 0.007) and depressive symptoms (rs = 0.271, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Stressful life events are associated with self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Clinicians should consider stressful life events when managing patients who experience these symptoms, as this may help identifying potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Mäki
- Neuropsychology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taina Nybo
- Neuropsychology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hietanen
- Neuropsychology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Huovinen
- Neurology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Marinkovic
- Neurology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Isokuortti
- Neurology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Melkas
- Neurology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Mitchell LL, Burns MK, Impellizzeri DK, Falso VR, Famularo M, Finlay JM. Identity Development and Disruption in Older Adults During COVID-19: A Longitudinal, Mixed-Methods Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024:gbae017. [PMID: 38366365 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disruptive life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may trigger adjustment and revision of older adults' identities. This mixed-methods study explored how older adults perceived their identities changing as a result of the pandemic, and how such identity dynamics related to pandemic-related events and well-being. METHOD Participants included 2248 older adults who participated in the longitudinal COVID-19 Coping Study spanning from April/May 2020 to April/May 2021. Mean age was 67.8 years, 70% were women, and 93% were white. We used qualitative thematic analysis to identify the ways the pandemic affected participants' identities. We then investigated the association between identity themes and testing positive for COVID-19, having a friend or family member hospitalized or die due to COVID-19, or being vaccinated. Finally, we tested whether identity disruption was associated with 12-month trajectories of well-being (including life satisfaction, loneliness, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-rated health) using latent growth curve models. RESULTS Some participants reported positive identity themes, such as rethinking and revising priorities and realization of strength and resilience. Others indicated harmful effects, including identity disruption. Individuals reporting identity disruption had worse well-being at baseline and remained consistently worse over time. DISCUSSION Findings highlight that identity remains malleable in later-life, and that stressful events like the COVID-19 pandemic may trigger positive adaptive identity processes, but can also cause identity disruption that is associated with persistently worse well-being over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Mitchell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary K Burns
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Victoria R Falso
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maeve Famularo
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Finlay
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Caro-Cañizares I, Vila MM, Durán Pacheco JI, Carballo JJ. Interpersonal theory of suicide and stressful life events in a clinical sample of adolescents in Spain. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:113-121. [PMID: 37201918 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The interpersonal theory of suicide (ITPS) provides a theoretical model for suicidal behaviour. It includes two interpersonal variables, thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB). This study tested the relationship between ITPS interpersonal variables and suicide risk (presence/absence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts throughout life) in a clinical sample of Spanish adolescents. We also assessed the potential mediation effect of these variables in the well-established relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and suicide risk. METHODS We recruited 147 adolescents aged 11-17 from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Services of the Jiménez Díaz Foundation (Madrid, Spain). Different questionnaires were administered to assess suicidal behaviour and SLE (SITBI, The Stressful Life Events Scale) and to calculate proxy measures for ITPS interpersonal factors (SDQ, STAXI-NA, CDI). RESULTS TB and PB significantly correlated with suicide risk. PB played a mediating role in the relationship between SLE and suicide risk: adolescents reporting SLE were more likely to enact suicide behaviours when they experienced higher PB. Patients scoring higher PB were more likely to receive more intense treatment but tended to abandon intervention promptly. CONCLUSIONS ITPS seems useful for predicting suicide risk in an adolescent clinical sample. The results suggest an important role for PB in the SLE-suicide risk relationship and may impact the treatment process. Our exploratory findings should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caro-Cañizares
- Psychology Department, Health Science School, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid UDIMA, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Marín Vila
- Psychiatry Department, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan I Durán Pacheco
- Social Psychology and Methodology Department, Psychology School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Carballo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IISGM. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Aoki J, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Aida J. Association of Stressful Life Events With Oral Health Among Japanese Workers. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:16-22. [PMID: 36642514 PMCID: PMC10701250 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress can cause various mental and physical health problems. The previous results on stress and oral health are inconsistent, possibly because of the narrow stress measurements. We aimed to examine the association between a broader range of stressful life events and oral health among workers. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed anonymous individual data from a national survey in Japan. Data on stressful life events, oral health problems which are one or more of tooth pain, gum swelling/bleeding, and difficulty chewing, and covariates were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. Covariates used included gender, age group, and disease under treatment. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between stressful life events and oral health problems. We then estimated the causal treatment effects of stress using the augmented inverse-probability weighting (AIPW) method. RESULTS Among the 274,881 subjects, 152,850 men (55.6%) and 122,031 women (44.4%) with a mean age of 47.0 (standard deviation, 14.4) years, 4.0% reported oral health problems, with a prevalence of 2.1% among those without any stress. The prevalence increased with stress score, reaching 15.4% for those with the maximum stress score. The adjusted odds ratio of this group compared to those without any stress was 9.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2-10.3). The estimated prevalence of oral health problems by the AIPW analysis was 2.2% (95% CI, 2.1-2.3%) for those without any stress and 14.4% (95% CI, 12.1-16.7%) for those with the maximum stress scores. CONCLUSION There was a clear dose-response association between stressful life events and oral health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Aoki
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Oshiro
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Caro-Cañizares I, Sánchez-Colorado N, Baca-García E, Carballo JJ. Perceived Stressful Life Events and Suicide Risk in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Perceived Family Functioning. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38247687 PMCID: PMC10813563 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem and a major cause of death among adolescents. Three categories of major risk factors have been identified: psychological factors, stressful life events, and personality traits. Severe and objective stressful life events (SLEs), such as childhood mistreatment or abuse, have been clearly associated with higher rates of suicide risk. However, the relationship between suicide risk and adolescents' perceptions of the SLE impact is not as clear. This paper studies the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk and the possible mediating role of perceived family functioning in this relationship. The need for longer-term or more intense psychological or psychiatric treatment in relation to SLE impact perception is also addressed. METHOD One hundred forty-seven adolescents aged 11-17 were consecutively recruited from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Services Department of a general hospital in Madrid, Spain. Self-informed questionnaires were used to assess suicide risk, SLEs, and family functioning. In addition, the clinical records of the participants were consulted to collect information about their treatment histories, including the number of appointments and the duration of follow-up. RESULTS SLE impact perception correlates significantly with suicide risk, the number of clinical appointments, the duration of treatment, and the perceived level of family functioning. The mediation model of the family functioning perception variable in the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk is significant. The linear regression model of SLE impact perception and family functioning perception on suicide risk is also significant, accounting for 25.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the clear and proven effect of serious and objective SLEs, the perceived impact of SLEs reported by adolescents is related to an increased risk of suicide and more intense psychological and/or psychiatric follow-up. This relationship is mediated by the perceived level of family functioning. Adolescents' perceptions of their life experiences and perceived family support may be key determinants of suicide risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caro-Cañizares
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Educational Sciences, UDIMA (Universidad a Distancia de Madrid), 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Colorado
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Educational Sciences, UDIMA (Universidad a Distancia de Madrid), 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, 28342 Valdemoro, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3605, Chile
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Salud Mental), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Carballo
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Salud Mental), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Qian Y, Fan W. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: A gender comparison. Br J Sociol 2024; 75:38-47. [PMID: 37974500 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a wide range of public health, economic, social, and political shocks, setting in motion life events that reverberated to affect individuals' mental health. Moving beyond a checklist approach, this study drew on individuals' own words to identify both conventional and novel sources of stress during COVID-19 and examine the role of stressful life events in producing gender disparities in depressive symptoms. Drawing on a 2021 U.S. nationally representative survey, we coded text responses to an open-ended question on stressful life events and conducted descriptive and regression analyses (n = 1733). The analyses revealed three key findings. First, men were more likely to report having experienced no stressful life events or else mention politics as a source of stress. Women, by comparison, were more likely to report the following as stressful-inability to socialize, paid work, care work, health, or the death of loved ones. Second, for both women and men, respondents reporting no stressful life events had the lowest, and those reporting finances as the most stressful life event had the highest, depressive symptoms. Third, women had higher depressive symptoms than men, and mediation analysis showed that stressful life events explained approximately a third of the gender gap in depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that policies attending to people's financial stress are important for mitigating mental health risks in turbulent times. Interventions that reduce women's exposure to stressful life events are also crucial to bridging gender disparities in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qian
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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Thomas C, Collins CC, Aytuglu A, Brown GL. Life Stress and Unmarried, Black Fathers' Attitudes Toward Attachment: The Moderating Role of Shift-and-Persist. Psychol Men Masc 2024; 25:27-32. [PMID: 38406639 PMCID: PMC10883669 DOI: 10.1037/men0000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Unmarried, Black fathers' positive engagement contributes to children's health and development beginning in early infancy. For many men, preparations for parenthood begin before birth as expectant fathers formulate parenting attitudes that can promote secure infant-father attachment relationships. This study examined aspects of life stress as predictors of prenatal attitudes toward attachment -- the extent to which expectant fathers endorsed promoting attachment security in their infants. Further, we considered whether shift-and-persist cognitive strategies -- a psychological resilience factor focused on shifting to positive focus and future-orientation -- moderated these associations. A sample of 121 unmarried, Black men expecting the birth of a child were recruited during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of their partner's pregnancy. Expectant fathers reported on childhood trauma, recent negative life experiences, and depressive symptomology. Fathers also completed a survey assessment of shift-and-persist strategies, as well as a newly developed scale assessing attitudes toward attachment. Depressive symptoms and negative life events were directly, positively related to attitudes toward attachment. The association between positive attitudes toward attachment and both negative life events and depressive symptomology was moderated by fathers' ability to shift-and-persist. Specifically, aspects of life stress were generally unrelated to attitudes toward attachment when shift-and-persist was low, but related to more positive attitudes toward attachment when shift-and-persist was high. Preliminary findings point to the potential steeling effects of shift-and-persist strategies for expectant fathers facing moderate levels of life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Thomas
- University of Georgia, Human Development and Family Sciences
| | | | - Alp Aytuglu
- University of Georgia, Human Development and Family Sciences
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Scherbakov D, Mollalo A, Lenert L. Stressful life events in electronic health records: a scoping review. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3458708. [PMID: 37886439 PMCID: PMC10602151 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3458708/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective Stressful life events, such as going through divorce, can have an important impact on human health. However, there are challenges in capturing these events in electronic health records (EHR). We conducted a scoping review aimed to answer two major questions: how stressful life events are documented in EHR and how they are utilized in research and clinical care. Materials and Methods Three online databases (EBSCOhost platform, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify papers that included information on stressful life events in EHR; paper titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance by two independent reviewers. Results 557 unique papers were retrieved, and of these 70 were eligible for data extraction. Most articles (n=36, 51.4%) were focused on the statistical association between one or several stressful life events and health outcomes, followed by clinical utility (n=15, 21.4%), extraction of events from free-text notes (n=12, 17.1%), discussing privacy and other issues of storing life events (n=5, 7.1%), and new EHR features related to life events (n=4, 5.7%). The most frequently mentioned stressful life events in the publications were child abuse/neglect, arrest/legal issues, and divorce/relationship breakup. Almost half of the papers (n=7, 46.7%) that analyzed clinical utility of stressful events were focused on decision support systems for child abuse, while others (n=7, 46.7%) were discussing interventions related to social determinants of health in general. Discussion and Conclusions Few citations are available on the prevalence and use of stressful life events in EHR reflecting challenges in screening and storing of stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Scherbakov
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Leslie Lenert
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
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14
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Scherbakov D, Mollalo A, Lenert L. Stressful life events in electronic health records: a scoping review. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3458708. [PMID: 37886439 PMCID: PMC10602151 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3458708/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective Stressful life events, such as going through divorce, can have an important impact on human health. However, there are challenges in capturing these events in electronic health records (EHR). We conducted a scoping review aimed to answer two major questions: how stressful life events are documented in EHR and how they are utilized in research and clinical care. Materials and Methods Three online databases (EBSCOhost platform, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify papers that included information on stressful life events in EHR; paper titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance by two independent reviewers. Results 557 unique papers were retrieved, and of these 70 were eligible for data extraction. Most articles (n=36, 51.4%) were focused on the statistical association between one or several stressful life events and health outcomes, followed by clinical utility (n=15, 21.4%), extraction of events from free-text notes (n=12, 17.1%), discussing privacy and other issues of storing life events (n=5, 7.1%), and new EHR features related to life events (n=4, 5.7%). The most frequently mentioned stressful life events in the publications were child abuse/neglect, arrest/legal issues, and divorce/relationship breakup. Almost half of the papers (n=7, 46.7%) that analyzed clinical utility of stressful events were focused on decision support systems for child abuse, while others (n=7, 46.7%) were discussing interventions related to social determinants of health in general. Discussion and Conclusions Few citations are available on the prevalence and use of stressful life events in EHR reflecting challenges in screening and storing of stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Scherbakov
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Leslie Lenert
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
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Ding H, Xu Z, Hu W, Guo Y, Wang C, Li S, Hui Z, Wang J, Peng X, Xia W. Changes of stressful life events, coping strategies and mental health among youths in the pre- and post-coronavirus 2019 pandemic era: A cross-sectional study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:2018-2030. [PMID: 37528555 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231188321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pandemic era, stressful life events (StressLEv) aggravated the impact on mental health. However, youths exhibited different responses to StressLEv because of diverse coping strategies, social support, and emotional intelligence before and after the pandemic. AIMS To explore the changes in StressLEv and coping strategies before and after the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, as well as report the associations among mental health and related factors in a sample of Chinese youths experiencing the post-pandemic era. METHOD A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2022, covering 3,038 youths aged 14 to 25 in China. Multiple logistic regression was conducted for crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs. The relationships between lasso-selected variables was examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS More StressLEv and limited coping strategies were reported after the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, BSI-positive youths (youths diagnosed as considered case by Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI) reported more StressLEv (BSI-positive: mean = 75.47; BSI-negative: mean = 28.69), less social support (BSI-positive: mean = 31.81; BSI-negative: mean = 39.22), and lower emotional intelligence (BSI-positive: mean = 75.34; BSI-negative: mean = 89.42). The willingness to engage in mental health counseling (OR: no vs. yes: 1.89; uncertain vs. yes: 4.42), being punished (OR: 1.27), adaptation problems (OR: 1.06), task-oriented coping (OR: 0.95), social diversion coping (OR: 0.90), objective support (OR: 0.90), utilization of social support (OR: 0.81), and regulation of emotion in oneself (OR: 0.94) were associated with mental health. Structural equation modeling supported our theoretical framework. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic-induced mental health problems should not be ignored. The proposed response mechanisms could guide the development of effective interventions, which can help youths better cope with StressLEv and maintain good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiao Ding
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziruo Xu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wangjing Hu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yannan Guo
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cailing Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengyang Hui
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinran Peng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang M, Jiang XC, Lai SM, Gan ZJ, Wang JN, Zhan BD. Associations between maternal stressful life events experiences and risk of neural tube defects in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2279021. [PMID: 37946331 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2279021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple factors associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) risk have been identified, yet there is little evidence on the possible effects of maternal stressful life events. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between stressful life events during the periconceptional period and risk of NTDs in offspring. METHODS Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library up to July 2023. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of NTDs risk with maternal stressful life events were estimated using a random effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression asymmetry test and Begg's rank correlation test with Begg's funnel plot. RESULTS Analysis results showed that mothers who experienced stressful life events during the periconceptional period were at greater risk of having NTDs offspring (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08-1.73) than those who did not. In subgroup analysis, the pooled OR was 1.37 (1.13-1.67) and 1.73 (0.36-8.32) for with and without adjusting for folic acid supplementation in each included study, while was 1.37 (1.13-1.67) and 1.64 (0.39-6.88) for exposure time of three months preconception until three months post conception and one year preconception until three months post conception, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that maternal stressful life events during the periconceptional period are significantly associated with higher NTDs risk in offspring. Tailored approaches for evaluating the risk and policy of NTDs among women of childbearing age should emphasize individual stressful experiences before and during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Xian Chen Jiang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou City, China
| | - Shi Ming Lai
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou City, China
| | - Zhi Juan Gan
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou City, China
| | - Jin Na Wang
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Bing Dong Zhan
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou City, China
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Nayman S, Schricker IF, Reinhard I, Kuehner C. Childhood adversity predicts stronger premenstrual mood worsening, stress appraisal and cortisol decrease in women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1278531. [PMID: 38027112 PMCID: PMC10653441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1278531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifetime traumatic events are prevalent in women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and predict stronger premenstrual symptom intensities. Less is known about the unique effects of childhood adversity on PMDD. This study aims to investigate the menstrual cycle related course of mood, stress appraisal and cortisol activity over time and the effects of childhood adversity - by controlling for recent stressful life events - on the cyclicity of these outcomes. Methods Fifty-two women with PMDD completed questionnaires on childhood adversity and stressful life events during the past 12 months. Momentary negative and positive affect, stress appraisal, and saliva-cortisol were assessed within an Ambulatory Assessment (AA) design over four consecutive days during both the follicular and the late luteal phase. This AA was repeated after five months, resulting in two measurement bursts. Results Women with PMDD showed expected cycle related variations in mood and stress appraisal, whereby these effects weakened over time. No cortisol cyclicity was identified. Higher childhood adversity was linked to stronger increases in negative affect and stress appraisal, and stronger decreases in positive affect from the follicular toward the late luteal phase. Women with higher childhood adversity exhibited lower cortisol levels during the late luteal phase compared to the follicular phase whereas no such cyclicity was found in women with lower childhood adversity. Conclusion Childhood adversity appears to show independent deteriorating effects on premenstrual mood worsening and stress appraisal in women with PMDD. The observed cortisol cyclicity in women with higher childhood adversity may point to different neuroendocrine subtypes of PMDD in relation to childhood trauma and requires further systematic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Nayman
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabelle Florence Schricker
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Kendler KS, Lönn SL, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Death of parent, sibling, spouse, and child in a Swedish national sample and risk of subsequent stress reaction, major depression, alcohol-use disorder, and drug-use disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7138-7150. [PMID: 37039111 PMCID: PMC10719625 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine, in a general population, how much rates of stress reactions (SR), major depression (MD), alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and drug-use disorder (DUD) increase after the death of close relatives. METHODS SR, MD, AUD, and DUD registrations were assessed from national Swedish registries. From the population followed from 2000 to 2018, those exposed to death of a close relative in 2002-2016 were matched to unexposed controls and analyzed in males and females by a controlled pre-post design using a difference-in-difference method. RESULTS Substantial, brief increases in risk for SR and more modest prolonged increases in MD were observed after death of relatives in both men and women greatest with children, followed by spouses, parents, and siblings. Relatively long-lasting modest increases in AUD but not DUD were also observed following death of relatives. The absolute increases for SR and MD were greater in females than males and for AUD greater in males than females. However, logistic regression analyses showed most effects did not differ significantly by sex. Consistently larger increases in disorder risk were seen with the death of younger v. older parents, siblings, and spouses and with accidental v. non-accidental death in children. CONCLUSIONS Applying a matched cohort design to Swedish population registries, death of close relatives was associated with, and likely caused, substantial increases in rates of SR, MD, and AUD, consistent with smaller prior clinical investigations. Through such registries, we can, in large representative samples, integrate the impact of exposures to selected environmental adversities into disorder risk pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sara L. Lönn
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Montgomery AE, Koh KA, King AJ, O’Brien R, Sampson NA, Petriceks A, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Kessler RC. Stressful Life Events and Risk of Homelessness After Active Duty: An Assessment of Risk and Resilience Among Servicemembers. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:963-970. [PMID: 36726307 PMCID: PMC10576479 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221149092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The transition from military to civilian life may present increased exposure to various stressful life events (SLEs) that can increase the risk of homelessness (eg, loss of employment, dissolution of romantic relationships). We assessed the extent to which exposure to SLEs occurring proximal to US Army soldier transitions out of active duty was associated with risk of homelessness. METHODS A total of 16 589 respondents who were no longer on active duty but participated while on active duty during 2011-2014 baseline surveys completed follow-up surveys during 2016-2018 and 2018-2019. The follow-up surveys assessed SLEs and homelessness occurring in the past 12 months. We used modified Poisson regression models to evaluate how much differential SLE exposure and effects explained the aggregate association of a risk index with homelessness among a sample of 6837 respondents, weighted to represent the full sample. RESULTS More than half (n = 3510, 52.8%) of respondents reported experiencing any SLEs in the past 12 months. Most (60.5%) of the difference in prevalence of homelessness among respondents defined as being at high risk of homelessness (vs lower risk) was explained by differential exposure to, and/or effects of, these SLEs. Personal betrayal by a loved one and economic problems played the largest roles in adjusted risk differences (0.045 and 0.074, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Homelessness might be reduced by gearing interventions toward soldiers at high risk of homelessness who are transitioning out of active duty to reduce exposure to and effects of modifiable SLEs on experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Elizabeth Montgomery
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katherine A. Koh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. King
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O’Brien
- VA Health Services Research and Development Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Francesconi M, Minichino A, Flouri E. The role of mild stressors in children's cognition and inflammation: positive and negative impacts depend on timing of exposure. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e95. [PMID: 37881843 PMCID: PMC10755563 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on mental health is well-established, the research on the impact of such stressors on cognitive outcomes has produced mixed results. Arguably, the timing and severity of exposure may play a key role. In this study, we shed light on the relationship between timing of exposure to relatively minor SLEs and cognitive ability in children, while taking into account the role of a plausible biological mediator: inflammation. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a general population birth cohort, we explored the role of relatively minor SLEs, experienced during two crucial developmental stages: up to transition to school (1-4.5 years) and up to transition to puberty (5.5-8.5 years). We then tested if they may impact differently on inflammatory markers (serum C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) at age 9 and general intelligence, measured with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence at age 15. Data (n = 4,525) were analyzed using path analysis while controlling for covariates. We found that when relatively minor stressful events were experienced up to transition to school they were significantly associated with higher IQ at age 15, whereas when experienced up to transition to puberty they were significantly associated with higher levels of IL-6 at age 9. Results were robust to adjustment for relevant covariates, including IQ at age 8. Mild stressors in childhood may result in positive (i.e., improved cognition) or negative (i.e., inflammation) outcomes depending on the timing of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Francesconi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Milas G, Ćavar F, Ribar M. How much stressful life events really matter? Conceptual and methodological difficulties in assessing the impact of self-reported events on adolescents' subjective stress. Stress Health 2023. [PMID: 37861340 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have pointed to the strong impact of stressful life events on subjective stress and indirectly on the adolescents' mental health. However, the results of many such studies contain bias caused by the choice of measurement method or an incomplete theoretical framework. To estimate the extent of possible bias when using self-reports, we conducted research on a representative sample of 2201 Croatian adolescents aged 14-18 years. Using manipulation we examined the influence of measurement method and the number of constructs included in the model on the variance of subjective stress explained by stressful events. Structural equation modelling indicated that different measurement methods, occurrence-based and severity-based, provide a marked discrepancy in the impact size estimation. The occurrence-based method provided estimates of a much smaller proportion of the explained variance (6%-25%) compared to the severity-based approach, which estimated the explained variance in the range of 25%-55% depending on the model. The complexity of the tested models additionally contributed to the variation in the estimates. It is recommended that when using self-reports to measure stressful life events, occurrence-based and severity-based methods are used simultaneously and that impact estimates are expressed within intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Milas
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filipa Ćavar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Ribar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Nieto L, Domínguez-Martínez T, Navarrete L, Rosel-Vales M, Saracco-Álvarez R, Celada-Borja C, Rascón-Gasca ML, Samperio LGM. The effect of stressful life events on the risk for psychosis: differences between Mexican at clinical and familial high risk. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1254993. [PMID: 37840805 PMCID: PMC10570822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1254993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stressful life events (SLEs) in the development of early psychosis have been little studied in low-income countries. This study examines differences in the prevalence of SLEs in Mexican at clinical high risk (CHR) and those with familial high risk for psychosis who do not meet CHR criteria (non-CHR FHR). We also analyze the association between SLEs and CHR. Methods Participants included 43 persons with CHR and 35 with non-CHR FHR. CHR criteria were assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State. SLEs were assessed using the Questionnaire of Stressful Life Events. Results Participants with CHR reported more SLEs associated with negative academic experiences than those in the non-CHR FHR group. Bullying (OR = 7.77, 95% CI [1.81, 33.32]) and low educational level (OR = 21.25, 95% CI [5.19, 46.90]) were the strongest predictors of CHR, while starting to live with a partner (OR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.10, 0.84]) was associated with a lower risk of CHR. Conclusion Negative school experiences increase the risk of psychosis, particularly bullying, suggesting that schools may be ideal settings for implementing individual preventive strategies to reduce risk factors and increase protective factors to improve the prognosis of those at risk of developing psychosis. In Latin America, there are multiple barriers to early intervention in psychosis. It is thus crucial to identify risk and protective factors at the onset and in the course of psychosis in order to design effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Mental Global, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Navarrete
- Departamento de Estudios Psicosociales en Poblaciones Específicas, Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rosel-Vales
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Saracco-Álvarez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Celada-Borja
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Luisa Rascón-Gasca
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales en Salud, Direccion de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gao Y, Liu X, Liu J, Wang H. The Effects of Self-Criticism and Self-Compassion on Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3219-3230. [PMID: 37588251 PMCID: PMC10426444 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Symptoms of depression increase during adolescence as do nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI). The present study aimed to investigate how self-criticism interacted with the effects of stressful life events on depressive symptoms and NSSI and whether self-compassion would buffer these negative effects. Methods A total of 908 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.46, SD = 0.57) completed a cross-sectional survey. The main and interacted effects of stressful life events, self-criticism, self-compassion on depressive symptoms and NSSI were examined respectively. Results The results showed that self-criticism significantly moderated the relationships between stressful events and depression and NSSI. Self-compassion could buffer the negative impacts of stressful events and self-criticism on NSSI but not on depression. High self-compassion significantly reduced the magnitude of the association between stressful life events and NSSI in adolescents with low self-criticism but not in those with high self-criticism. Conclusion Self-criticism exacerbated the negative impacts of stressful life events on both depressive symptoms and NSSI, but self-compassion only buffered the impact of stressful life events on NSSI. Interventions designed to reduce NSSI risk of Chinese adolescents may benefit from training them to improve self-compassion abilities and to be less self-critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemiao Gao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Behrendt M, Vervliet M, Rota M, Adeyinka S, Uzureau O, Rasmussen A, Glaesmer H, Lietaert I, Derluyn I. A conceptual study on the relationship between daily stressors, stressful life events, and mental health in refugees using network analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134667. [PMID: 37599778 PMCID: PMC10438848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is growing recognition that daily stressors, such as social and material deficiencies, can be highly detrimental to the mental health of refugees. These stressors are in addition to stressful life events, which have been widely studied in the context of migration and forced displacement. Despite increasing evidence for an ecological model, there is still no consensus regarding the conceptualization of these highly influential factors. In particular, the demarcation of daily stressors from stressful life events and the categorization of daily stressors require further examination in order to develop usable and accurate tools for researchers, design effective interventions for practitioners and assist politicians in designing meaningful policies. Methods To address these challenges, we used data from a sample of 392 unaccompanied young refugees from diverse backgrounds and employed network analysis to examine the relationships between daily stressors, stressful life events, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Results Our findings highlight the significant relationship between daily stressors and mental health, particularly depression. Meaningful clusters of daily stressors include material stressors, social stressors, and social exclusion stressors. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the importance of considering daily stressors in the mental health of refugees and suggest that using a network approach offers a viable way to study these complex interrelationships. These findings have implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in understanding and addressing the mental health needs of refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Behrendt
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marianne Vervliet
- Department of People and Well-Being, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Marina Rota
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Adeyinka
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Océane Uzureau
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- Culture, Migration, and Community, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, The University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ine Lietaert
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies, United Nations University, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Ilse Derluyn
- Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Centre for the Social Study of Migration and Refugees, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Stroud CB, Chen FR, Dunning EE, Cheng J, Marr C, Vrshek-Schallhorn S. Early adversity and depressive symptoms among early adolescent girls: the mediating role of exposure to recent interpersonal acute stress. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1272-1287. [PMID: 34743768 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early adversity confers risk for depression in part through its association with recent (i.e., proximal) acute stress. However, it remains unresolved whether: a) early adversity predicts increases in recent acute stress over time; b) all - or only certain types - of recent events mediate the relationship between early adversity and depression; and c) early adversity places individuals at greater risk for depression via greater exposure to independent (i.e., fateful) interpersonal events or via greater generation of dependent (i.e., partially self-initiated) interpersonal events (i.e., stress generation) or both. These questions were examined in a 3-wave longitudinal study of early adolescent girls (N = 125; M = 12.35 years [SD = .77]) with no history of diagnosable depression using contextual life stress and diagnostic interviews. Path analyses indicated that increases in past-year acute interpersonal, but not non-interpersonal, stress mediated the link between early adversity and depressive symptoms. The mediating role of interpersonal events was limited to independent ones, suggesting increases in interpersonal event exposure, not interpersonal stress generation, acted as a mediator. Finally, findings support prior evidence that early adversity may not directly predict future depressive symptoms. Implications for understanding the role of recent stress in the association between early adversity and adolescent depression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances R Chen
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin E Dunning
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carey Marr
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ou TS, Huber L, Macy JT, Bray BC, Lin HC. Stressful Life Events and Patterns of Polysubstance Use Among U.S. Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:1867-1876. [PMID: 36988206 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231165256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of this study were to identify patterns of polysubstance use and their associations with stressful life events among U.S. late middle-aged and older adults and examine whether gender moderates these associations. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 14,738) from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III were included. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of polysubstance use. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was estimated with a generalized structural equation model. Three different polysubstance use patterns (non-users/low substance users; cannabis and excessive alcohol users; painkiller and sedative/tranquilizer misusers) were identified. Higher levels of stressful life events were associated with patterns of polysubstance use. Gender moderated the association between stressful life events and co-misusing painkillers and sedatives/tranquilizers (p < 0.05). Substance use prevention efforts should consider aging adults' patterns of polysubstance use and associated stressful life events when designing and implementing gender-specific polysubstance use prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Shiang Ou
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lesa Huber
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bethany C Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Bjørndal LD, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ystrom E. Stressful life events increase the risk of major depressive episodes: A population-based twin study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5194-5202. [PMID: 35920242 PMCID: PMC10476058 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that stressful life events (SLEs) are associated with an increased risk of adult depression. However, many studies are observational in nature and limited by methodological issues, such as potential confounding by genetic factors. Genetically informative research, such as the co-twin control design, can strengthen causal inference in observational studies. Discrete-time survival analysis has several benefits and multilevel survival analysis can incorporate frailty terms (random effects) to estimate the components of the biometric model. In the current study, we investigated associations between SLEs and depression risk in a population-based twin sample (N = 2299). METHODS A co-twin control design was used to investigate the influence of the occurrence of SLEs on depression risk. The co-twin control design involves comparing patterns of associations in the full sample and within dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic twins (MZ). Associations were modelled using discrete-time survival analysis with biometric frailty terms. Data from two time points were used in the analyses. Mean age at Wave 1 was 28 years and mean age at Wave 2 was 38 years. RESULTS SLE occurrence was associated with increased depression risk. Co-twin control analyses indicated that this association was at least in part due to the causal influence of SLE exposure on depression risk for event occurrence across all SLEs and for violent SLEs. A minor proportion of the total genetic risk of depression reflected genetic effects related to SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The results support previous research in implicating SLEs as important risk factors with probable causal influence on depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig D. Bjørndal
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Simon L, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Stressful life events, oral health, and barriers to dental care during pregnancy. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:275-283. [PMID: 37294070 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor oral health during pregnancy poses risks to maternal and infant well-being. However, limited research has documented how proximate stressful life events (SLEs) during the prenatal period are associated with oral health and patterns of dental care utilization. METHODS Data come from 13 states that included questions on SLEs, oral health, and dental care utilization in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for the years 2016-2020 (n = 48,658). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between levels of SLE (0, 1-2, 3-5, or 6+) and a range of (1) oral health experiences and (2) barriers to dental care during pregnancy while controlling for socio-demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics. RESULTS Women with more SLEs in the 12 months before birth-especially six or more-reported worse oral health experiences, including not having dental insurance, not having a dental cleaning, not knowing the importance of caring for teeth and gums, needing to see a dentist for a problem, going to see a dentist for a problem, and unmet dental care needs. Higher levels of SLEs were also associated with elevated odds of reporting barriers to dental care. CONCLUSIONS SLEs are an essential but often understudied risk factor for poor oral health, unmet dental care needs, and barriers to dental care services. Future research is needed to understand better the mechanisms linking SLEs and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ma X, Li Z, Lu F. The influence of stressful life events on procrastination among college students: multiple mediating roles of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1104057. [PMID: 37251064 PMCID: PMC10213235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Few studies have documented the relationship between stressful life events and procrastination, which is a prevalent and troubling problem among college students. In this regard, the current study examined the association between stressful life events and procrastination through potential mediating effects of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations. Methods A cross-sectional design was carried out and data were collected from a total of 794 Chinese college students with measures of stressful life events, core self-evaluations, stress beliefs, and procrastination. Results Stressful life events was positively associated with procrastination in college students. Stress beliefs and core self-evaluations played multiple mediating roles in this relationship. Discussion The study provided a novel perspective of finding the possible causes of procrastination in college students and highlighted the roles of stress beliefs and core self-evaluations.
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30
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Vázquez JJ, Berríos A, Cala-Montoya CA, Lenta M. Stressful life events among women living homeless in Nicaragua, a low-income country. J Community Psychol 2023; 51:1495-1503. [PMID: 36037252 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was used to collect the data. Findings showed that women living homeless in Nicaragua suffered a very high number of SLEs, and that these were extremely severe and from very early ages. Most of the SLEs took place before the women became homeless. The SLEs suffered by the women interviewed in Nicaragua were largely similar to those seen in women living homeless in other cultural contexts with higher incomes, although it should be noted that those interviewed in Nicaragua had suffered a higher number of SLE during their childhood and adolescence. The women interviewed mainly attributed finding themselves homeless to having suffered SLEs in the family environment. The suffering of multiple and severe SLEs, largely leading to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, seem to present a significant vulnerability factor both for becoming homeless and remaining homeless over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Juan Vázquez
- Department of Social Psychology, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitaro de Investigación en Estudios Latinoamericanos (IELAT), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Berríos
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | | | - Malena Lenta
- Department of Preventive Psychology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chiappelli J, Adhikari BM, Kvarta MD, Bruce HA, Goldwaser EL, Ma Y, Chen S, Ament S, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD, Kochunov P, Wang DJJ, Hong LE. Depression, stress and regional cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:791-800. [PMID: 36606600 PMCID: PMC10108192 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221148979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) may be an important mechanism associated with depression. In this study we aimed to determine if the association of CBF and depression is dependent on current level of depression or the tendency to experience depression over time (trait depression), and if CBF is influenced by depression-related factors such as stressful life experiences and antidepressant medication use. CBF was measured in 254 participants from the Amish Connectome Project (age 18-76, 99 men and 154 women) using arterial spin labeling. All participants underwent assessment of symptoms of depression measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and Maryland Trait and State Depression scales. Individuals diagnosed with a unipolar depressive disorder had significantly lower average gray matter CBF compared to individuals with no history of depression or to individuals with a history of depression that was in remission at time of study. Trait depression was significantly associated with lower CBF, with the associations strongest in cingulate gyrus and frontal white matter. Use of antidepressant medication and more stressful life experiences were also associated with significantly lower CBF. Resting CBF in specific brain regions is associated with trait depression, experience of stressful life events, and current antidepressant use, and may provide a valuable biomarker for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather A Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Ament
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education
Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- Laboratory of Functional MRI
Technology, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research
Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
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Saez-Sanz N, Peralta-Ramirez I, Gonzalez-Perez R, Vazquez-Justo E, Caracuel A. Resilience, Stress, and Cortisol Predict Cognitive Performance in Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081072. [PMID: 37107906 PMCID: PMC10137485 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine the relationship between stress, resilience, and cognitive performance in older people without dementia. METHOD multiple linear regressions were performed using measures of cognitive performance as dependent variables, and measures of stress and resilience as predictors in a sample of 63 Spanish elderly people. RESULTS participants reported low levels of stress during their lifetime. In addition to socio-demographic variables, greater stress was related to better delayed recall and worse letter-number sequencing and block design. Higher capillary cortisol was associated with lower flexibility on the Stroop task. Regarding protective factors, we found that greater psychological resilience was related to higher scores on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III, letter-number sequencing, and verbal fluency. CONCLUSION in older people with low stress, apart from age, gender, and education, psychological resilience is a significant predictor of global cognitive status, working memory, and fluency. Likewise, stress is related to verbal memory functioning, working memory, and visuoconstructive abilities. Capillary cortisol level predicts cognitive flexibility. These findings may help to identify risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in older people. Training-based programs to reduce stress and increase psychological resilience may play an important role in preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Saez-Sanz
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Vazquez-Justo
- Center for Research, Development and Innovation (CIDI-IEES), European Institute for Higher Studies, 4824-909 Fafe, Portugal
| | - Alfonso Caracuel
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Fung HW, Liu C, Yuan GF, Liu J, Zhao J, Chien WT, Lee VWP, Shi W, Lam SKK. Association Among Negative Life Events, Sense of Security, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents After the 2013 Ya'an Earthquake. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e352. [PMID: 36916203 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE About a fourth of Chinese adolescents developed clinically significant depressive symptoms following a disaster. However, little is known about whether and how post-trauma negative life events and a sense of security are associated with depressive symptoms in this population. This study examined the psychological experiences of Chinese young people who had experienced the 2013 Ya'an earthquake in Sichuan, China. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. A total of 693 Chinese middle school students completed a questionnaire that measured their level of depressive symptoms, trauma exposure, stressful life events, and sense of security. RESULTS Results of hierarchical multiple-regression analyses showed that the level of life stress from stressful life events was positively associated with the level of depressive symptoms (β = 0.416, P < 0.001) and the level of the sense of security was negatively associated with the level of depressive symptoms (β = -0.352, P < 0.001) when analysis controlled for age, gender, and trauma exposure. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of life stressors and the sense of security in devising measures and strategies for the prevention of the manifestation of depression among young people, particularly those who were exposed to disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Caimeng Liu
- College of Teacher Education, Institute of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - Guangzhe Frank Yuan
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Experimental Middle School, No 2. High School, Xuzhou District, Yibin, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Wan Ping Lee
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, China
| | - Stanley Kam Ki Lam
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Alghzawi HM, Storr CL. Gender Differences in the Interrelations Among Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Smoking Cessation in People With Severe Mental Illnesses. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2023; 29:146-160. [PMID: 33926296 DOI: 10.1177/10783903211008248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support and stressful life events (SLEs) have been found to be influential factors for smoking cessation in the general population, but little is known about these factors among smokers with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and whether their associations with smoking cessation differ by gender. AIMS To examine the association between social support and smoking cessation as mediated by SLEs in people with SMI and to examine whether the interrelations among social support, SLEs, and smoking cessation differ by gender. METHODS A population sample of 4,610 American lifetime adult smokers with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder were identified in a limited public use data set of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Four mediation and moderated mediation models were used to examine gender differences in the interrelations among social support (total and three subscales of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12), SLEs (summative score of positive responses to 16 types experienced in past year and related to health, job, death, or legal situations), and smoking status in prior year. RESULTS Total, appraisal, and tangible support among females exerted indirect effects on smoking cessation via decreasing SLE scores. Among males, only belonging support exerted an indirect effect on smoking cessation via an increased SLE score. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that interventions focusing on improving social support should be a priority for those working with smokers with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah M Alghzawi
- Hamzah M. Alghzawi, PhD, MSN, RN, Medstar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carla L Storr
- Carla L. Storr, ScD, MPH, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hava D, Solomon Z, Dekel R. Predicting Depression Among Spouses of Ex-POWs: The Contribution of Exposure to Violence, Trauma, and Stress Through the Life Cycle. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:4832-4851. [PMID: 36062821 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221119523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current longitudinal study focused on predicting depression among spouses of former Israeli war veterans (combat veterans or ex-prisoners of war [ex-POWs]). The research examined the direct and moderating role of secondary trauma related to their husbands' war-related experiences, stress related to being exposed to intimate partner violence in their relationship, being a second-generation Holocaust (SGH) survivor, and the effects of additional stressful life events (SLEs) since the end of the war. Wives of ex-POWs and combat veterans (N = 129) participated in two time measurements. Spouses of ex-POWs were found to be at higher risk of depression and psychological violence. Psychological violence was a risk factor for depression. The three-way interaction among psychological violence, being a SGH survivor, and experiencing SLEs was significant. In addition, experiencing earlier stressful events had a protective effect. The findings suggest that the association between early exposure and additive exposure through life is a complex iteration of factors and does not necessarily follow the vulnerability perspective.
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Macía L, Momeñe López J, Macía P, Herrero M, Jauregui P, Iruarrizaga I, Estévez A. Latent classes of eating disorders and addictions by sex: Implication of alexithymia and stressful life events in youths. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1088595. [PMID: 36844334 PMCID: PMC9950640 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) and behavioural addictions show common psychological vulnerability factors such as alexithymia and stressful life events (SLE). This study aims, firstly, to explore the prevalence and latent profiles of participants based on their risk of suffering EDs, gambling disorder (GD), alcohol and/or drug abuse, and compulsive buying (CB) by sex. Secondly, it aimed to test whether alexithymia and having experienced SLE are associated with group membership. Methods The sample was predominantly drawn from university students and social networks. It was composed of 352 young adults between 18 and 35 years old, of whom 77.8% were women and 22.2% men. Results The results showed that the most prevalent disorders of the sample were alcohol, EDs, CB, drugs and GD, respectively. Moreover, latent class analyses were conducted based on the risk of suffering EDs or addictions by sex. Three main profiles were found: 'Men with addictions', 'Healthy women' and 'Women with EDs'. Finally, differences in SLE and alexithymia levels were tested by latent classes. "Men with addictions" and "Women with EDs" had higher scores on alexithymia and SLE than the group of "Healthy women". However, the group of "Women with EDs" (class 3) reported significantly higher levels of SLE and alexithymia than the other two groups. Discussion and conclusion In conclusion, we discuss the possibility that some vulnerability factors operate generally and transdiagnostically in EDs and addictive disorders. The identification of clinical phenotypes could complement and deepen prediction, prevention and treatment research in clinical settings. The need to take sex and gender differences into account is reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macía
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Janire Momeñe López
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Patricia Macía
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Herrero
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paula Jauregui
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iciar Iruarrizaga
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Social Work, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain,*Correspondence: Ana Estévez, ✉
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Tosato S, Bonetto C, De Santi K, Lasalvia A, Gennarelli M, Cristofalo D, Bertani M, Ruggeri M, On Behalf Of The Picos-Veneto Group. COMT but Not 5HTTLPR Gene Is Associated with Depression in First-Episode Psychosis: The Role of Stressful Life Events. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14. [PMID: 36833277 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic and dopaminergic systems are involved in the regulation of mood and reactivity to psychological stress. This study explores, in a sample of first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, whether more severe depressive symptoms were found in those who: (1) experienced a major stressful event in the 6 months preceding illness onset; and (2) were homozygous for the COMT Val158 allele or carrying the S allele of 5-HTTLPR. A total of 186 FEP patients recruited were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) for depressive symptoms. Stressful life events (SLEs) were collected by the List of Events Scale. The genotypes of 5-HTTLPR, rs25531, and COMT Val158 Met were performed. It has been found that higher levels of depression is associated with the presence of SLEs (p = 0.019) and with COMT Val158 allele homozygosity (p = 0.029), but not with carrying the S allele of 5-HTTLPR. The COMT gene moderates the association between depression and SLEs as Val158 allele homozygote patients experiencing SLEs had the highest level of depressive symptoms compared to the others (p = 0.002). The present study provides initial evidence for an effect of the COMT Val158 homozygosity and severe stressful life events on the severity of depressive symptoms in first episode psychosis.
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Roth A, Meigen C, Hiemisch A, Kiess W, Poulain T. Associations between Stressful Life Events and Increased Physical and Psychological Health Risks in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1050. [PMID: 36673803 PMCID: PMC9858751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are understood as risk factors for mental and physical health problems, particularly in the vulnerable period of adolescence. Using a longitudinal approach, this study investigated associations between SLE and several negative health outcomes in adolescents. Moderating effects of sociodemographic factors were considered. We analyzed the data of a healthy adolescent sample from the LIFE Child study in Leipzig, Germany (n = 2024, aged 10-18 years). SLEs were measured by a questionnaire, addressing SLEs in the family and the social environment domain. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL), behavioral difficulties and BMI were compared before and after an SLE had occurred. Moderator effects of socioeconomic status (SES), age, and sex were investigated using linear regression models. All considered health parameters had, on average, deteriorated after the occurrence of an SLE in the social environment. Differences in HrQoL before and after an SLE were significantly stronger in girls. Higher SES functioned as a slight protective factor against decreased well-being after an SLE. The findings suggest that SLEs function as risk factors for mental and physical health disadvantages in adolescents. Prevention programs should seek to support adolescents in all age and SES groups affected by SLEs, with a specific focus on girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roth
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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van Grieken A, Luo J, Horrevorts EMB, Mieloo CL, Kruizinga I, Bannink R, Raat H. The longitudinal association between potential stressful life events and the risk of psychosocial problems in 3-year-old children. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1100261. [PMID: 37026130 PMCID: PMC10070685 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experiencing certain potentially stressful life events can impact psychosocial well-being among school-aged children and adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the association between life events occurring before age 2 and risk of psychosocial problems at 3 years of age. Methods All parents invited for the regular well-child visit when their child was 2 years of age by the preventive Youth Health Care in the Rotterdam-Rijnmond area, the Netherlands, were invited to participate in this study. In total 2,305 parents completed the baseline questionnaire at child age 2-years; 1,540 parents completed the questionnaire at child age 3-years. The baseline questionnaire included a life events assessment (12 items), and tension caused by the event (range 0-3). At child age 3-years the questionnaire included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess risk of psychosocial problems. Logistic regression models were applied. Results In the current study 48.5% of families experienced ≥1 life event before child age 2 years. Divorce and problems in the relationship between the parents received the highest perceived severity score [respectively 2.1 (SD = 0.8) and 2.0 (SD = 0.7)]. Children experiencing ≥1 event before the age of 2 years were at higher risk of psychosocial problems at 3 years of age, compared to children that had experienced no life event (1-2 events OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.09; 2.06, and >2 events OR = 2.55, 95%CI 1.64; 4.00, respectively). When life events caused high perceived levels of tension, there was also an association with an increased risk of psychosocial problems at age 3-years (OR = 2.03, 95%CI 1.43; 2.88). Conclusions Approximately half of children in our study experienced a potential stressful life event before the age of 2 years. Results suggest an association between experiencing a life event and risk of psychosocial problems at child age 3-years. These findings emphasize the need for child health care professionals to pay attention to life events taking place in the life of young children in order to provide appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Amy van Grieken
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Cathelijne L. Mieloo
- Department of Transforming Youth Care, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kruizinga
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rienke Bannink
- Center for Youth and Family Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Arpawong TE, Sakuma KLK, Espinoza L, Huh J. Longitudinal Examination of an Ethnic Paradox of Stress and Mental Health in Older Black and Latinx Adults. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:27-46. [PMID: 35320059 PMCID: PMC9500116 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2056102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explain the ethnic paradox of mental health in aging, we evaluated whether Black and Latinx older adults experience (1) fewer depressive symptoms (DepSx), but more physical problems, and (2) greater psychological resilience as a result of life stressors than White older adults. METHODS DepSx, physical health, and recent stress were obtained biennially from 25,893 older adults (77% White, 15% Black, 9% Latinx) in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, across 16 years. Psychological resilience, lifetime stress, and discrimination experiences were available for 13,655 individuals. We conducted mixed-effects and linear regression analyses. RESULTS For Blacks and Latinxs, experiencing more-than-usual stress events was associated with less increase in DepSx compared to Whites, although on average Blacks and Latinxs experience more DepSx. Black adults showed worse physical health than White adults and weaker effects of stress on psychological resilience despite experiencing more stress of all types. Findings were mixed for Latinxs. CONCLUSIONS Studying effects of time-varying stress on changes in health and multiple stressors on psychological resilience by race/ethnicity elucidates mechanisms for later-age health disparities. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Cross-sectional evaluations of stress and psychological health in a clinical setting may provide incomplete appraisals of health risks for Black and Latinx older Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalida Em Arpawong
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kari-Lyn K. Sakuma
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lilia Espinoza
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Musliner KL, Andersen KK, Agerbo E, Albiñana C, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Rajagopal VM, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækved-Hansen M, Pedersen CB, Pedersen MG, Munk-Olsen T, Benros ME, Als TD, Grove J, Werge T, Børglum AD, Hougaard DM, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, Suppli NP. Polygenic liability, stressful life events and risk for secondary-treated depression in early life: a nationwide register-based case-cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:217-226. [PMID: 33949298 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the relationship between polygenic liability for depression and number of stressful life events (SLEs) as risk factors for early-onset depression treated in inpatient, outpatient or emergency room settings at psychiatric hospitals in Denmark. METHODS Data were drawn from the iPSYCH2012 case-cohort sample, a population-based sample of individuals born in Denmark between 1981 and 2005. The sample included 18 532 individuals who were diagnosed with depression by a psychiatrist by age 31 years, and a comparison group of 20 184 individuals. Information on SLEs was obtained from nationwide registers and operationalized as a time-varying count variable. Hazard ratios and cumulative incidence rates were estimated using Cox regressions. RESULTS Risk for depression increased by 35% with each standard deviation increase in polygenic liability (p < 0.0001), and 36% (p < 0.0001) with each additional SLE. There was a small interaction between polygenic liability and SLEs (β = -0.04, p = 0.0009). The probability of being diagnosed with depression in a hospital-based setting between ages 15 and 31 years ranged from 1.5% among males in the lowest quartile of polygenic liability with 0 events by age 15, to 18.8% among females in the highest quartile of polygenic liability with 4+ events by age 15. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that although there is minimal interaction between polygenic liability and SLEs as risk factors for hospital-treated depression, combining information on these two important risk factors could potentially be useful for identifying high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Musliner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus K Andersen
- Unit for Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology (SPE), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Center for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University (CIRRAU), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Albiñana
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjalmsson
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veera M Rajagopal
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genome Analysis and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækved-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Center for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University (CIRRAU), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne G Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Center for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University (CIRRAU), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael E Benros
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genome Analysis and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Center for Register-based Research, Department of Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Center for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University (CIRRAU), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nis P Suppli
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Poznysh VA, Vdovenko VY, Kolpakov IE, Abramenko IV, Chumak AA, Chumak AA. IDENTIFICATION OF MONOAMINOXIDASE-A GENE PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM (MAOA-UVNTR) AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN UKRAINIAN CHILDREN. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2022; 27:385-401. [PMID: 36582103 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-385-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive disorders have moderate heritability; therefore, identification of genetic influences is important. TheX-linked MAOA gene encoding the MAOA enzyme has a functional polymorphism of 30 bp repeats. in the promoter region (MAOA-uVNTR), which affects aggression. Stressful life events and family misfortune are also known correlates of behavior disorder in children. OBJECTIVE to investigate the interactive effect of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) and environmental factors on the development of aggressive behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping of the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism was performed in 144 boys and girls aged from 10 to 16 years, genotypes were grouped by a high and low transcriptional activity. For the general assessment of the psycho-emotional sphere of children, the projective method «non-existent animal» was used, the indicators and forms of aggression were determined according to the method of A. Bass and A. Darky. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was found the predominant allelic variants of the MAOA gene with 3 (S) and 4 (L) tandem repeats. The presence of close relationships between the dependent variable «aggressive behavior» and the predictor variables: «family disadvantage index» and «MAOA-uVNTR genotype» was established. It has been proven that the presence of the highly active allele (L) in the genotype reduces the chances of developing general aggression, delinquent behavior, physical aggression, open aggression, negativism, and externalization. CONCLUSIONS The MAOA genotype of the high-activity allele (L) moderated the impact of stressful life events, and the low-activity allele S was associated with increased aggression in girls and boys who experienced severe stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Poznysh
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - V Yu Vdovenko
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I E Kolpakov
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - I V Abramenko
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - A A Chumak
- State Institution National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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Rivas‐Rivero E, Bonilla‐Algovia E. Stressful life events: Typology of aggression and mistreatment in male perpetrators of gender-based violence. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:705-714. [PMID: 35766343 PMCID: PMC9796499 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze groups based on the stressful life events suffered and to know the relationship of these profiles with the type of abuse exercised against women in the couple. A sample of 118 heterosexual men who perpetrated gender-based violence was used, with a mean age of 40.46 years (SD = 11.14). The results show that those who suffered a greater number of adverse experiences abused their partners more frequently and with a more aggravated character. In addition, knowing typologies based on previous stressful life events could favor specific interventions in the elimination of the normalization of violence as a maladaptive relational strategy. It is necessary to continue investigating the characteristics of men who exercise gender-based violence, as well as to analyze previous exposure to violence in the family of origin due to the influence it exerts on subsequent abuse.
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Hong C, Liu Z, Gao L, Jin Y, Shi J, Liang R, Maimaitiming M, Ning X, Luo Y. Global trends and regional differences in the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributed to bullying victimisation in 204 countries and territories, 1999-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e85. [PMID: 36440549 DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to analyse the temporal and spatial trends in the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder related to bullying victimisation on global, regional and country scales. METHODS Data were from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. We assessed the global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, per 100 000 population) of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation by age, sex and geographical location. The percentage changes in age-standardised rates of DALYs were used to quantify temporal trends, and the annual rate changes across 204 countries and territories were used to present spatial trends. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and the burden of anxiety disorders as well as major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation and its spatial and temporal characteristics globally. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the global DALY rates of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation increased by 23.31 and 26.60%, respectively, with 27.27 and 29.07% for females and 18.88 and 23.84% for males. Across the 21 GBD regions, the highest age-standardised rates of bullying victimisation-related DALYs for anxiety disorders were in North Africa and the Middle East and for major depressive disorder in High-income North America. From 1990 to 2019, the region with the largest percentage increase in the rates of DALYs was High-income North America (54.66% for anxiety disorders and 105.88% for major depressive disorder), whereas the region with the slowest growth rate or largest percentage decline was East Asia (1.71% for anxiety disorders and -25.37% for major depressive disorder). In terms of SDI, this study found overall upward trends of bullying-related mental disorders in areas regardless of the SDI levels, although there were temporary downward trends in some stages of certain areas. CONCLUSIONS The number and rates of DALYs of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder attributable to bullying victimisation increased from 1990 to 2019. Effective strategies to eliminate bullying victimisation in children and adolescents are needed to reduce the burden of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. Considering the large variations in the burden by SDI and geographic location, future protective actions should be developed based on the specific cultural contexts, development status and regional characteristics of each country.
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Semkovska M, Joyce C, Keyes J, Reilly S, Delaney A, Harrold A, McManus H. Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221139713. [PMID: 36377829 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Resilience, or successful coping with the experience of stressful life events (SLEs), protects against depression, but its operational mechanisms are unclear. Views diverge whether resilience intervenes as a trait or as a process of dynamic interactions of protective factors, such as self-esteem, social support and family cohesion. We evaluated five theoretically-based models of how resilience, defined as either a trait or a process, interacts with recent SLEs, to explain depressive symptomatology in 2434 university students. The moderating effect of problematic, age-inappropriate parenting (i.e., helicopter parenting) was also assessed. SLEs moderated both the effects of trait and process resilience on depression, but models conceptualising resilience as a dynamic process of interacting components showed better explanatory power than models conceptualising resilience solely as a trait. Trait resilience was protective through self-esteem at all levels of SLEs exposure (low, mild, moderate or high), and significantly, but less so through hope or social support. Experiencing helicopter parenting weakened the protective influence of process resilience, through decreasing family cohesion in the presence of SLEs. The overall assessment of the five models supports a process conceptualisation of resilience to depression in the face of adversity. However, the results also suggest that not all protective factors are equally important, with self-esteem appearing a significant and strong mediator of resilience to depression in all models including it as a variable. Building process resilience is proposed as a key intervention target for depressive symptoms. Clinical assessments and interventions following SLEs should routinely consider both trait resilience and self-esteem, as the interaction of these two factors protects against depression even at the highest levels of adversity exposure. Depression prevention approaches should address the individual's experience of overparenting, given the deleterious influence of helicopter parenting on resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Semkovska
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ciara Joyce
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jessica Keyes
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sinead Reilly
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoife Delaney
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aine Harrold
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Hannah McManus
- Department of Psychology, 8808University of Limerick, Ireland
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Ferentinos P, Kalogeropoulou E, Pappa G, Antoniou A, Bozi E, Kyprianou M, Rigopoulos D, Katoulis AC. Assessing the role of stressful life events in the induction and recurrence of alopecia areata: A case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:1215-1217. [PMID: 35341888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Kalogeropoulou
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Pappa
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Bozi
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Miltiades Kyprianou
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "A. Syggros" Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros C Katoulis
- 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Attikon" General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Henry BF, Hartmann J, Goddard-Eckrich D, Chang M, Wu E, Hunt T, Gilbert L, Wimberly AS, El-Bassel N. Typologies of Stressful Life Events and Their Association With Sexual Risk Behaviors and Communication Among Justice-Involved Males and Their Female Sex Partners. AIDS Educ Prev 2022; 34:379-394. [PMID: 36181499 PMCID: PMC9576004 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2022.34.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events are prevalent among justice-involved populations and are associated with sexual risk behaviors and partner communication regarding safe-sex practices. We describe patterns of stress exposure for heterosexual couples (where males are under community supervision) and how stress patterns are associated with sexual risk behaviors and communication (460 individuals; 230 couples). Latent class analysis identified patterns of stress. Multinominal logistic regression models identified associations between sex, race, ethnicity, and stress classes. Multilevel Poisson regression models described relationships between sexual risk behaviors and frequency of communication about condoms/HIV, and stress classes. We found four classes that differed by sex, race, and ethnicity and were associated with the number of sexual partners, condom use self-efficacy, discussing condoms with partner, and discussing HIV prevention with partner. Partner class was associated with the number of sexual partners. Findings inform future assessment/interventions for sexual health that consider patterns of stress and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy F Henry
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
- College of Education, Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Mingway Chang
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elwin Wu
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Hunt
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Martin-Herz SP, Haggerty KP, Neilands TB, Sterling M, Christakis DA. Factors Associated With Trajectories of Externalizing Behavior in Preschoolers. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:1212-20. [PMID: 34963654 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More media exposure and life stressors are associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors in young children; however, their joint impact on externalizing behavior trajectory is unknown. This study assessed the relationship of stressful life events (SLE), media exposure, and additional demographic and family variables on the trajectory of externalizing behaviors in preschool-aged children. METHODS Participants were children ages 3 to 5 years from a large, 18-month duration, randomized control trial to reduce inappropriate media exposure. The sample was recruited from community pediatrics' practices. Intervention and control groups were collapsed, with study arm a covariate. Latent growth modeling (LGM) was conducted, with main outcome of externalizing behaviors at 6, 12, and 18 months after study initiation. Primary exposures of interest were total daily media hours, SLE, intimate partner violence, and harsh parenting. RESULTS Final analyses included 613 children. LGM without covariates revealed a significant decrease in mean externalizing score between baseline and 18 months. LGM with covariates revealed that individuals with more media exposure exhibited more externalizing behaviors and SLE significantly predicted a slower decline in externalizing behaviors. Externalizing behavior at 18 months was significantly predicted by SLE, child age, white non-Hispanic race, and harsh parenting. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to a greater number of stressful life events appears to slow the age-appropriate decline in externalizing behaviors for preschool-aged children, while harsh parenting and media exposure are associated with more externalizing behavior. Findings highlight the importance of screening and surveillance in primary care and the need for early intervention efforts targeted to these risks.
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Tay AK, Mohsin M, Rees S, Silove D. Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Intermittent Explosive Disorder amongst Myanmar refugees living in Malaysia: a population-based study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e57. [PMID: 35968549 DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigate the prevalence and risk factor profiles of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) and comparison between two diagnostic measures for IED in a large population-based study of three ethnic groups of refugees (Chin, Kachin and Rohingya) from Myanmar resettled in Malaysia. METHODS Trained field personnel interviewed in total 2058 refugees, applying a clustered, probabilistic, proportional-to-size sampling framework and using the DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria to diagnose IED. We used descriptive and bivariate analyses to explore associations of IED (using DSM IV or DMS 5) with ethnic group membership, sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to premigration traumatic events (TEs) and postmigration living difficulties (PMLDs). We also examined associations of IED with other common mental disorders (CMDs) (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder) and with domains of functional impairment. Finally, we compared whether IED measured using DSM IV or DSM 5 generated the same or different prevalence. RESULTS For the whole sample (n = 2058), the 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV IED was 5.9% (n = 122) and for DSM-5, 3.4% (n = 71). Across the three ethnic groups, 12-month DSM-5 IED prevalence was 2.1% (Chin), 2.9% (Rohingya) and 8.0% (Kachin), whereas DSM-IV defined IED prevalence was 3.2% (Chin), 7% (Rohingya) and 9.2% (Kachin). Being single, and exposure to greater premigration TEs and PMLDs were each associated with IED. Over 80% of persons with IED recorded one or more comorbid CMDs. Persons with IED also showed greater levels of functional impairment compared with those without IED. CONCLUSIONS The pooled IED prevalence was higher than global norms but there was substantial variation in prevalence across the three study groups.
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Alvarez-Subiela X, Castellano-Tejedor C, Villar-Cabeza F, Vila-Grifoll M, Palao-Vidal D. Family Factors Related to Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9892. [PMID: 36011528 PMCID: PMC9408664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This research aims to investigate what type of family patterns (specifically attachment, bonding and family functioning) and stressful life events can trigger or protect adolescents from developing suicidal behavior. Methods: For these purposes, a case-control study (adolescents with suicidal behavior vs. paired adolescents with no suicidal behavior) was conducted with one hundred 12 to 17-year-old adolescents (50 controls, 50 cases, 74% females), assessed between 2018 and 2020. Results: Negligent (p < 0.001) or affection-less control bonding (p < 0.001), insecure attachment (p = 0.001) and stressful life events (p < 0.001) revealed to be significant risk factors for suicidal behavior. On the contrary, parents’ care (p < 0.001) and security (p < 0.001) were revealed as protective factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusions: Considering these results, family interventions and improving coping skills seem to be two essential targets for any suicide prevention intervention in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Alvarez-Subiela
- Suicide Conduct Unit, Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Esplugues del Llobregat, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmina Castellano-Tejedor
- Research Group on Stress and Health (GIES), Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- RE-FIT Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili & Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Villar-Cabeza
- Suicide Conduct Unit, Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Esplugues del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mar Vila-Grifoll
- Suicide Conduct Unit, Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Esplugues del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Diego Palao-Vidal
- Doctoral Program in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unitat Mixta de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc-UAB, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, 08208 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, 08208 Barcelona, Spain
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