1
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Chen F, Xie L, Deng T, Li J. A sequential dual-locked luminescent copper nanocluster probe for tumor cell imaging and killing. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:511. [PMID: 39103612 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A sequential dual-locked luminescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) probe was designed and synthesized for the specific imaging and selective killing of tumor cells. This nanoprobe was prepared by first forming a Fe3+-coupled tannic acid (TA)-stabilized CuNCs (CuNCs-FeIII), which is in quenching state due to the electron transfer between CuNCs and Fe3+, and then coating a protectable layer of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of CuNCs-FeIII to form the final dual-locked nanoprobe (CuNCs-FeIII@HA). When the nanoprobe of CuNCs-FeIII@HA target enter the tumor cells through CD44-HA receptor, HAase will first digest the HA layer of the nanoprobes, and then, GSH over-expressed in tumor cells will reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, thus restoring the fluorescence emission of CuNCs and at the same time killing the tumor cells with the hydroxyl free radicals (∙OH) produced by the Fenton reaction between Fe2+ and H2O2. This sequential dual-locked luminescent nanoprobe of CuNCs-FeIII@HA has been successfully used for the specific imaging and selective killing of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Chavva SR, San Juan AMT, Jaitpal S, Vu NN, Mabbott S. Efficient production of uniform gold nanoparticles via a streamlined low-cost, semi-automated, open-source platform. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9944-9952. [PMID: 38691103 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to discover dependable and repeatable methods for producing noble metal nanospheres, both commercial and academic scientists have shown great interest. The challenge of precisely controlling the size of these nanospheres is critical, as variations can alter their optical characteristics, leading to complications in subsequent applications. In this context, we present the design and validation of an affordable, semi-automated device that synthesizes gold nanoparticles using the Turkevich method. This device, named 'NanoSynth Mini' and powered by Raspberry Pi, demonstrates the capability to generate gold nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 15 to 60 nanometers with minimal variability. Its design allows for seamless integration into lab processes, providing consistent support for extensive research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhash Reddy Chavva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Health Technologies and Innovations Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Michelle T San Juan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Health Technologies and Innovations Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Siddhant Jaitpal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Health Technologies and Innovations Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ngoc Nhu Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Health Technologies and Innovations Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel Mabbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
- Health Technologies and Innovations Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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3
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Rapid Microwave Heating and Fast Quenching for the Highly Efficient Production of Long-term Stable Supported Ag Nanoclusters. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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4
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Continuous, green, and room-temperature synthesis of silver nanowires in a helically-coiled millifluidic reactor. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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A sustainable approach for the synthesis of bismuth molybdate by continuous flow method using custom design reactor and their photocatalytic application for environmental remediation. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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High Temperature Continuous Flow Syntheses of Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Using the Polyol Route in a Multi-Parametric Millifluidic Device. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010119. [PMID: 35010070 PMCID: PMC8746638 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most versatile routes for the elaboration of nanomaterials in materials science, including the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoclusters, is the high-temperature polyol process. However, despite its versatility, this process still lacks reproducibility and scale-up, in addition to the low yield obtained in final materials. In this work, we demonstrate a home-made multiparametric continuous flow millifluidic system that can operate at high temperatures (up to 400 °C). After optimization, we validate its potential for the production of nanomaterials using the polyol route at 220 °C by elaborating ferrite iron oxide nanoclusters called nanoflowers (CoFe2O4, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4) with well-controlled nanostructure and composition, which are highly demanded due to their physical properties. Moreover, we demonstrate that by using such a continuous process, the chemical yield and reproducibility of the nanoflower synthesis are strongly improved as well as the possibility to produce these nanomaterials on a large scale with quantities up to 45 g per day.
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7
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Li Y, He Y, Ge Y, Song G, Zhou J. Different fluorescence emitting copper nanoclusters protected by egg white and double-emission fluorescent probe for fast detection of ethanol. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:101. [PMID: 33630138 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Green emitting copper nanoclusters (G-Cu NCs), yellow emitting Cu NCs (Y-Cu NCs), orange emitting Cu NCs (O-Cu NCs) and red emitting Cu NCs (R-Cu NCs) were prepared using chicken egg white as the stabilizer by changing the reaction conditions. This is a green, facile and cheap method to explore different color emitting CuNCs by the same precursor and stabilizers. The G-Cu NCs were employed for the detection of ethanol due to their aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect. The fluorescence emission of Cu NCs at 526 nm under the excitation of 444 nm can be effectively enhanced in the presence of ethanol due to AIEE effect, thus realizing the quantitative determination of ethanol content in the range 5-60%. In addition, a visual dual-emission fluorescence probe with the combination of G-Cu NCs and silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs/G-Cu NCs) was designed to evaluate ethanol content conveniently and rapidly. Desirable linear relationship is observed between ratio of fluorescence intensity (I525/I441) and ethanol content under the excitation of 383 nm. Visible color transformation of this probe is observed in the ethanol content range 2-20%. Moreover, the ethanol sensing platforms were applied to the detection and evaluation of the alcohol content of liquor, and the recoveries in liquor were in the range 99.7% to 113%, broadening the applications of Cu NCs and providing a sensitive detection method for ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yu He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yili Ge
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Gongwu Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environment Response, Wuhan, 430062, China
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8
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Song L, Manno R, Ranjan P, Sebastian V, Irusta S, Mallada R, Van Meervelt L, Santamaria J, Van der Eycken EV. Preparation of Cu cluster catalysts by simultaneous cooling-microwave heating: application in radical cascade annulation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1087-1095. [PMID: 36133300 PMCID: PMC9417637 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of microwave irradiation is its selective heating mechanism. In the past 30 years, alternative designs of chemical reactors have been introduced, where the microwave (MW) absorber occupies a limited reactor volume but the surrounding environment is MW transparent. This advantage results in a different heating profile or even the possibility to quickly cool down the system. Simultaneous cooling-microwave heating has been largely adopted for organic chemical transformations. However, to the best of our knowledge there are no reports of its application in the field of nanocluster synthesis. In this work, we propose an innovative one-pot procedure for the synthesis of Cu nanoclusters. The cluster nucleation was selectively MW-activated inside the pores of a highly ordered mesoporous substrate. Once the nucleation event occurred, the crystallization reaction was instantaneously quenched, precluding the growth events and favoring the production of Cu clusters with a homogenous size distribution. Herein, we demonstrated that Cu nanoclusters could be successfully adopted for radical cascade annulations of N-alkoxybenzamides, resulting in various tricyclic and tetracyclic isoquinolones, which are widely present in lots of natural products and bioactive compounds. Compared to reported homogeneous methods, supported Cu nanoclusters provide a better platform for a green, sustainable and efficient heterogeneous approach for the synthesis of tricyclic and tetracyclic isoquinolones, avoiding a variety of toxic waste/byproducts and metal contamination in the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Song
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Roberta Manno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Edificio I+D+i Campus Rio Ebro, C/MarianoEsquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Edificio I+D+i Campus Rio Ebro, C/MarianoEsquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Edificio I+D+i Campus Rio Ebro, C/MarianoEsquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Reyes Mallada
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Edificio I+D+i Campus Rio Ebro, C/MarianoEsquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jesús Santamaria
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Edificio I+D+i Campus Rio Ebro, C/MarianoEsquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center CIBER-BBN 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6 Moscow 117198 Russia
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9
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Lu H, Tang SY, Yun G, Li H, Zhang Y, Qiao R, Li W. Modular and Integrated Systems for Nanoparticle and Microparticle Synthesis-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E165. [PMID: 33153122 PMCID: PMC7693962 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs) have been widely used in different areas of research such as materials science, energy, and biotechnology. On-demand synthesis of NPs and MPs with desired chemical and physical properties is essential for different applications. However, most of the conventional methods for producing NPs/MPs require bulky and expensive equipment, which occupies large space and generally need complex operation with dedicated expertise and labour. These limitations hinder inexperienced researchers to harness the advantages of NPs and MPs in their fields of research. When problems individual researchers accumulate, the overall interdisciplinary innovations for unleashing a wider range of directions are undermined. In recent years, modular and integrated systems are developed for resolving the ongoing dilemma. In this review, we focus on the development of modular and integrated systems that assist the production of NPs and MPs. We categorise these systems into two major groups: systems for the synthesis of (1) NPs and (2) MPs; systems for producing NPs are further divided into two sections based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. The mechanisms of each synthesis method are explained, and the properties of produced NPs/MPs are compared. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and outline the potentials for the development of modular and integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Lu
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (H.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Guolin Yun
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (H.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Haiyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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10
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Facile Synthesis of Ultrastable Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters and Their Cellular Imaging Application. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091678. [PMID: 32859115 PMCID: PMC7558839 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are generally formed by several to dozens of atoms. Because of wide range of raw materials and cheap prices, Cu NCs have attracted scientists’ special attention. However, Cu NCs tend to undergo oxidation easily. Thus, there is a dire need to develop a synthetic protocol for preparing fluorescent Cu NCs with high QY and better stability. Herein, we report a one-step method for preparing stable blue-green fluorescent copper nanoclusters using glutathione (GSH) as both a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) were used to characterize the resulting Cu NCs. The as-prepared Cu NCs@GSH possess an ultrasmall size (2.3 ± 0.4 nm), blue-green fluorescence with decent quantum yield (6.2%) and good stability. MTT results clearly suggest that the Cu NCs@GSH are biocompatible. After incubated with EB-labeled HEK293T cells, the Cu NCs mainly accumulated in nuclei of the cells, suggesting that the as-prepared Cu NCs could potentially be used as the fluorescent probe for applications in cellular imaging.
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11
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Sui J, Yan J, Liu D, Wang K, Luo G. Continuous Synthesis of Nanocrystals via Flow Chemistry Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902828. [PMID: 31755221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnologies bring humanity to a new age, and advanced methods for preparing functional nanocrystals are cornerstones. A considerable variety of nanomaterials has been created over the past decades, but few were prepared on the macro scale, even fewer making it to the stage of industrial production. The gap between academic research and engineering production is expected to be filled by flow chemistry technology, which relies on microreactors. Microreaction devices and technologies for synthesizing different kinds of nanocrystals are discussed from an engineering point of view. The advantages of microreactors, the important features of flow chemistry systems, and methods to apply them in the syntheses of salt, oxide, metal, alloy, and quantum dot nanomaterials are summarized. To further exhibit the scaling-up of nanocrystal synthesis, recent reports on using microreactors with gram per hour and larger production rates are highlighted. Finally, an industrial example for preparing 10 tons of CaCO3 nanoparticles per day is introduced, which shows the great potential for flow chemistry processes to transfer lab research to industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Sui
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Liu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Długosz O, Banach M. Inorganic nanoparticle synthesis in flow reactors – applications and future directions. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of flow technologies for obtaining nanoparticles can play an important role in the development of ecological and sustainable processes for obtaining inorganic nanomaterials, and the continuous methods are part of the Flow Chemistry trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- Cracow 31-155
- Poland
| | - Marcin Banach
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- Cracow 31-155
- Poland
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13
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Zheng H, Li D, Chen J, Liu J, Yan Z, Oyama ST. Continuous liquid-phase synthesis of nickel phosphide nanoparticles in a helically coiled tube reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase synthesis of Ni2P in different flow types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Donglin Li
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Jie Liu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Zuoyi Yan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - S. Ted Oyama
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- & Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Specialty Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
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14
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Chen C, Geng F, Wang Y, Yu H, Li L, Yang S, Liu J, Huang W. Design of a nanoswitch for sequentially multi-species assay based on competitive interaction between DNA-templated fluorescent copper nanoparticles, Cr3+ and pyrophosphate and ALP. Talanta 2019; 205:120132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Solsona M, Vollenbroek JC, Tregouet CBM, Nieuwelink AE, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Weckhuysen BM, Odijk M. Microfluidics and catalyst particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3575-3601. [PMID: 31559978 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the latest advances and future perspectives of microfluidics for micro/nanoscale catalyst particle synthesis and analysis. In the first section, we present an overview of the different methods to synthesize catalysts making use of microfluidics and in the second section, we critically review catalyst particle characterization using microfluidics. The strengths and challenges of these approaches are highlighted with various showcases selected from the recent literature. In the third section, we give our opinion on the future perspectives of the combination of catalytic nanostructures and microfluidics. We anticipate that in the synthesis and analysis of individual catalyst particles, generation of higher throughput and better understanding of transport inside individual porous catalyst particles are some of the most important benefits of microfluidics for catalyst research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solsona
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J C Vollenbroek
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - C B M Tregouet
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A-E Nieuwelink
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Olthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - B M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Odijk
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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16
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Recent progress in copper nanocluster-based fluorescent probing: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:670. [PMID: 31489488 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are an attractive alternative to other metal nanoclusters. The synthesis of CuNCs is highly efficient and fast, with low-cost and without any complicated manipulation. Because of their tunable fluorescence and low toxicity, CuNCs have been highly exploited for biochemical sensing. This review (with 172 refs.) summarizes the progress that has been made in the field in the past years. Following an introduction into the fundamentals of CuNCs, the review first focuses on synthetic methods and the fluorescence properties of CuNCs (with subsections on the use of proteins, peptides, DNA and other molecules as templates). This is followed by a section on the use of CuNCs in fluorometric assays, with subsections on the detection of small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, various other biomolecules including drugs, and of pH values. A further large chapter summarizes the work related to environmental analyses, specifically on determination of metal ions, anions and pollutants. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the synthesis and potential applications of copper nanocluster (CuNCs) in biochemical analysis, emphatically reflected in some vital areas such as small molecule analysis, biomacromolecule monitoring, cell imaging, ions detection, toxic pollutant, etc.
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17
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Fluorescent sensor array for discrimination of biothiols based on poly(thymine/cytosine)-templated copper nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1051:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Fernández E, Boronat M. Sub nanometer clusters in catalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:013002. [PMID: 30499451 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaed84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sub nanometer transition metal clusters composed of a small number of atoms exhibit unexpected electronic, optical, magnetic and catalytic properties that often change substantially as a function of cluster atomicity. Several factors influence their unique catalytic behavior, including their discrete electronic structure of molecular-like orbitals and the accessibility of their low-coordinated atoms. In addition, these factors are strongly correlated so that changes in their morphology may provoke large modifications to their electronic structure and vice versa. The thermodynamic instability of clusters makes it necessary to stabilize them with protective ligands in solution or to support them on solid matrices for practical applications, which introduces non-negligible modifications into their properties. Understanding their cause and extent is the key point to potentially achieve a fine tuning of their catalytic behavior. Selected examples are discussed illustrating important points on this matter, such as the influence of cluster morphology on reactivity, the need of anchoring clusters to avoid sintering and deactivation, and the possible formation of clusters in solution or under reaction conditions, with the associated difficulty to identify them as the true active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Fernández
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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V Kinhal K, Bhatt N, Subramaniam P. Transport and Kinetic Effects on the Morphology of Silver Nanoparticles in a Millifluidic System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Size and shape control of metal nanoparticles in millifluidic reactors. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Engineered metal nanoparticles (metal NPs) possess unique size -dependent optical and electronic properties that could enable new applications in biomedicine, energy generation, microelectronics, micro-optics, and catalysis. For metal NPs to make a mark in these fields, however, new synthetic strategies must be developed that permit NP synthesis on the kilogram scale, while maintaining precise control over NP physiochemical properties (size, shape, composition, and surface chemistry). Currently, NP batch syntheses produce product on the milligram scale and rely on synthetic strategies that are not readily amenable to scale-up. Flow reactor systems (including lab-on-a-chip devices) provide a synthesis platform that can circumvent many of the traditional limitations of batch-scale NP syntheses. These reactors provide more uniform reagent mixing, more uniform heat transfer, opportunities to interface in situ monitoring technology, and allow product yield to be scaled up simply by running multiple reactors in parallel. While many NP syntheses have been successfully transferred to microfluidic reactor systems, microfluidic reactor fabrication is time intensive and typically requires sophisticated lithography facilities. Consequently, millifluidic flow reactors (reactors with channel dimensions of 0.5–10.0 mm) are gaining popularity in NP synthesis. These millifluidic reactors provide many of the same synthetic advantages as microfluidic devices, but are simpler to construct, easier to reconfigure, and more straightforward to interface with in situ monitoring techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss the progress that has been made in developing millifluidic reactors for functionalized metal NP synthesis. First, we will review the basic wet-chemical strategies used to control metal NP size and shape in batch reactors. We will then survey some of the basic principles of millifluidic device design, construction, and operation. We will also discuss the potential for incorporating in situ monitoring for quality control during synthesis. We will conclude by highlighting some particularly relevant examples of millifluidic metal NP synthesis that have set new standards for metal NP size, shape, and surface chemistry control.
Graphical Abstract: Credit: Sam Lohse
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21
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Wang Y, Chen T, Zhuang Q, Ni Y. One-Pot Aqueous Synthesis of Nucleoside-Templated Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters and Their Application for Discrimination of Nucleosides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32135-32141. [PMID: 28853550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile, one-pot synthetic method has been proposed to prepare water-soluble fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) templated by nucleosides. The nucleoside-templated fluorescent CuNCs were further characterized by using various analytical techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The role of various reactants such as ascorbic acid, nucleoside, and citrate buffer in the synthesis process of fluorescent CuNCs was explored. The results showed that nucleoside and ascorbic acid were very likey to respectively act as a stabilizer and a reductant to form nanoclusters, and citrate buffer acted as both pH regulator solution and a reducing agent. The fluorescence spectra of various nucleoside-templated CuNCs were finally combined with multivariate chemometrics analysis for discrimination of different nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Tianxia Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Qianfen Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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22
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Dayakar T, Rao KV, Bikshalu K, Rajendar V, Park SH. Novel synthesis and characterization of pristine Cu nanoparticles for the non-enzymatic glucose biosensor. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:109. [PMID: 28540582 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing was developed based on pristine Cu Nanopartilces (NPs)/Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) which can be accomplished by simple green method via ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract. Then, the affect of leaf extract addition on improving Structural, Optical and electrochemical properties of pristine cu NPs was investigated. The synthesized Cu NPs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (X-ray), Uv-Visible spectroscopy (Uv-Vis), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size distribution (PSA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural optical and morphological studies respectively. The synthesized Cu NPs were coated over glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to study the electrochemical response of glucose by cyclic voltammetry and ampherometer. The results indicates that the modified biosensor shows a remarkable sensitivity (1065.21 μA mM-1 cm-2), rapid response time (<3s), wide linear range (1 to 7.2 mM), low detection limit (0.038 μM at S/N = 3). Therefore, the prepared Cu NPs by the Novel Bio-mediated route were exploited to construct a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor for sustainable clinical field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dayakar
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500085, India
| | - K Venkateswara Rao
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500085, India.
| | - K Bikshalu
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, 506009, India
| | - V Rajendar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Direct comparison between millifluidic and bulk-mixing platform in the synthesis of amorphous drug-polysaccharide nanoparticle complex. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:42-51. [PMID: 28323097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous drug-polysaccharide nanoparticle complex (or drug nanoplex) had emerged as an ideal supersaturating delivery system of poorly-soluble drugs attributed to its many attractive characteristics. Herein we presented for the first time direct comparison between two nanoplex synthesis platforms, i.e. millifluidics and bulk mixing, representing continuous and batch production modes, respectively. They were compared by the resultant nanoplex's (1) physical characteristics (size, zeta potential, and payload), (2) preparation efficiency, (3) storage stability, (4) dissolution rate/supersaturation generation, and (5) production consistency. The effects of key variables in drug-polysaccharide complexation (pH, charge ratio) were investigated in both platforms. Perphenazine and dextran sulfate were used as the drug and polysaccharide models, respectively. The results showed that both platforms shared similar dependences on pH and charge ratio with similar optimal preparation conditions, where the pH was the governing variable through its influence on size and zeta potential, Nanoplexes having mostly similar characteristics (size ≈70-90nm, zeta potential ≈-50mV) were produced by both platforms, except for the payload where bulk mixing resulted in lower payload (65% versus 85%). The lower payload, however, resulted in its superior supersaturation generation. Nevertheless, millifluidics was favored attributed to its superior production consistency and scalability.
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Tran TT, Nguyen MH, Tan YZ, Chew JW, Khan SA, Hadinoto K. Millifluidic synthesis of amorphous drug-polysaccharide nanoparticle complex with tunable size intended for supersaturating drug delivery applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 112:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Ye J, Dong X, Jiang H, Wang X. An intracellular temperature nanoprobe based on biosynthesized fluorescent copper nanoclusters. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:691-696. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have established a facile, efficient and green strategy for the preparation of an intracellular temperature nanoprobe specifically by in situ biosynthesized fluorescent CuNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab)
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Xiawei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab)
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab)
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab)
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
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26
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Cheung TL, Hong L, Rao N, Yang C, Wang L, Lai WJ, Chong PHJ, Law WC, Yong KT. The non-aqueous synthesis of shape controllable Cu(2-x)S plasmonic nanostructures in a continuous-flow millifluidic chip for the generation of photo-induced heating. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6609-22. [PMID: 26940019 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new method for synthesizing non-aqueous copper sulfide nanocrystals with different shapes and sizes using a homemade continuous-flow millifluidic chip is presented. Conventionally, the shape control of nanocrystals was accomplished using a surfactant-controlled approach, where directional growth is facilitated by selective passivation of a particular facet of the nanocrystals using surfactants. We demonstrate a "surfactant-free" approach where different sizes and shapes (i.e. spherical, triangular prism and rod) of plasmonic copper sulfide (Cu(2-x)S) nanocrystals can be fabricated by adjusting the flow rate and precursor concentrations. As continuous-flow synthesis enables uniform heating and easy variation of precursors' stoichiometries, it serves as an excellent incubation platform for nanoparticles due to its simplicity and high reproducibility. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the as-synthesized nanocrystals and revealed structures ranging from copper-deficient covellite (CuS), spionkopite (Cu1.39S), roxbyite (Cu1.75S), to copper-rich djurleite (Cu1.94S). The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of the nanocrystals can be tuned from 1115 to 1644 nm by simply varying the copper to sulfur molar ratio and flow rate. Furthermore, photothermal effects of Cu(2-x)S nanocrystals were also demonstrated to annihilate the RAW264.7 cells upon near infra-red laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lok Cheung
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China. and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore. and State Key Laboratory in Ultra-precision Machining Technology, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Liying Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Nanxi Rao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Chengbin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Libo Wang
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Wenn Jing Lai
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Peter Han Joo Chong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore. and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Wang C, Cheng H, Huang Y, Xu Z, Lin H, Zhang C. Facile sonochemical synthesis of pH-responsive copper nanoclusters for selective and sensitive detection of Pb(2+) in living cells. Analyst 2016; 140:5634-9. [PMID: 26133700 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot sonochemical reaction of Cu(NO3)2 with glutathione (GSH), the latter functioning as a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent, rapidly affords Cu nanoclusters (NCs). The as-prepared GSH-CuNCs possess a small size (∼2.2 ± 0.2 nm), red luminescence with quantum yield (5.3%), and water-dispersibility. Moreover, the fluorescence of the as-prepared GSH-CuNCs is responsive to pH so that the intensity of fluorescence increases rapidly with decreasing pH from 9 to 4. Besides, the GSH-CuNCs would be aggregated by Pb(2+) ions in aqueous solution which results in quenching of the fluorescence. Therefore, such GSH-CuNCs would be excellent candidates as fluorescent probes for the label-free detection of Pb(2+) with the limit of detection at 1.0 nM. Importantly, CAL-27 cells are used as models to achieve potential application as probes for monitoring Pb(2+) in living cells. Thus, these fluorescent CuNCs could work as an alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for biolabeling, sensing and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Wang
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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28
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Navin CV, Krishna KS, Theegala CS, Kumar CSSR. Space and time-resolved probing of heterogeneous catalysis reactions using lab-on-a-chip. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:5546-5551. [PMID: 26888331 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Probing catalytic reactions on a catalyst surface in real time is a major challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of a continuous flow millifluidic chip reactor coated with a nanostructured gold catalyst as an effective platform for in situ investigation of the kinetics of catalytic reactions by taking 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) conversion as a model reaction. The idea conceptualized in this paper can not only dramatically change the ability to probe the time-resolved kinetics of heterogeneous catalysis reactions but also used for investigating other chemical and biological catalytic processes, thereby making this a broad platform for probing reactions as they occur within continuous flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelliah V Navin
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, USA. and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and Engineering Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA and Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Katla Sai Krishna
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, USA. and Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Chandra S Theegala
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Challa S S R Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, USA. and Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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29
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Shahbazali E, Hessel V, Noël T, Wang Q. Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in micro-flow reactors for organic synthesis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2015-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Wang C, Yao Y, Song Q. Interfacial synthesis of polyethyleneimine-protected copper nanoclusters: Size-dependent tunable photoluminescence, pH sensor and bioimaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:373-381. [PMID: 26774573 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) offer excellent potential as functional biological probes due to their unique photoluminescence (PL) properties. Herein, CuNCs capped with hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared by the interfacial etching approach. The resultant PEI-CuNCs exhibited good dispersion and strong fluorescence with high quantum yields (QYs, up to 7.5%), which would be endowed for bioimaging system. By changing the reaction temperatures from 25 to 150 °C, the size of PEI-CuNCs changed from 1.8 to 3.5 nm, and thus tunable PL were achieved, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imagings and PL spectra. Besides, PEI-CuNCs had smart absorption characteristics that the color changes from colorless to blue with changing the pH value from 2.0 to 13.2, and thus they could be used as color indicator for pH detection. In addition, the PEI-CuNCs exhibited good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity to 293T cells through MTT assay. Owing to the positively charged of PEI-CuNCs surface, they had the ability to capture DNA, and the PEI-CuNCs/DNA complexes could get access to cells for efficient gene expression. Armed with these attractive properties, the synthesized PEI-CuNCs are quite promising in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yagang Yao
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qijun Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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31
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Naughton MS, Kumar V, Bonita Y, Deshpande K, Kenis PJA. High temperature continuous flow synthesis of CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdS/ZnS, and CdSeS/ZnS nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15895-903. [PMID: 26361342 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors show great promise for large-scale synthesis of quantum dots. Here, we discuss results for the synthesis of multi-layered Cd-based hybrid nanocrystals - CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdS/ZnS, and CdSeS/ZnS - in a continuous flow reactor. The simple reactor design and liquid-phase chemistry obviate the need for preheating or in-line mixing, and the chosen reactor dimensions and operating conditions allow for high flow rates (∼10 mL min(-1)). Additionally, the simple reactor design is well suited for scale-up. The CdSe/CdS/ZnS particles synthesized at elevated temperatures in the reactor exhibit quantum yields of over 60% at longer wavelengths (red region). The shell growth for these particles is conducted without the need for complex dropwise addition or SILAR shell growth procedures used in batch reactors. CdS-based particles were shown to have a higher performance when using octadecene-S instead of TOP-S, which improved the quality of shell growth. In addition, stoichiometric synthesis of the alternate CdSeS/ZnS alloy particles was conducted, removing the need for a large excess of S to offset the lower S reactivity. CdSeS/ZnS alloy nanoparticles exhibit quantum yields of about 50% in the intermediate wavelength range (500-600 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Naughton
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Peroxidase-like activity of apoferritin paired gold clusters for glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 64:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bruckman MA, VanMeter A, Steinmetz NF. Nanomanufacturing of Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Based Spherical Biomaterials Using a Continuous Flow Method. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2014; 1:13-18. [PMID: 25984569 PMCID: PMC4426350 DOI: 10.1021/ab500059s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nanomanufacturing of nanoparticles
is critical for potential translation
and commercialization. Continuous flow devices can alleviate this
need through unceasing production of nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate
the scaled-up production of spherical nanoparticles functionalized
with biomedical cargos from the rod-shaped plant virus tobacco mosaic
virus (TMV) using a mesofluidic, continued flow method. Production
yields were increased 30-fold comparing the mesofluidic device versus
batch methods. Finally, we produced MRI contrast agents of select
sizes, with per particle relaxivity reaching 979,218 mM–1 s–1 at 60 MHz. These TMV-based spherical nanoparticle
MRI contrast agents are in the top echelon of relaxivity per nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bruckman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Macromolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Allen VanMeter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Macromolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Macromolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Wang C, Wang C, Xu L, Cheng H, Lin Q, Zhang C. Protein-directed synthesis of pH-responsive red fluorescent copper nanoclusters and their applications in cellular imaging and catalysis. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1775-1781. [PMID: 24352741 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04835g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) is becoming increasingly widespread in consumer technologies due to their applications in cellular imaging and catalysis. Herein, we report a simple protein-directed synthesis of stable, water-soluble and fluorescent Cu NCs, using BSA as the stabilising agent. Meanwhile, in this study, hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·2H₂O) was used as the reducing agent. N₂H₄·2H₂O was a mild reducing agent suggesting that all processes could be operated at room temperature. The as-prepared Cu NCs showed red fluorescence with a peaking center at 620 nm (quantum yield 4.1%). The fluorescence of the as-prepared BSA-Cu NCs was responsive to pH in that the intensity of fluorescence increased rapidly by decreasing the pH from 12 to 6. Besides, with an arresting set of features including water-dispersibility, red fluorescence, good biocompatibility, surface-bioactivity and small size, the resultant BSA-Cu NCs could be used as probes for cellular imaging and catalysis. In this study, CAL-27 cells and the reaction of oxidation of styrene are used as models to achieve fluorescence imaging and elucidate the catalytic activity of the as-prepared BSA-Cu NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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35
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Krishna KS, Biswas S, Navin CV, Yamane DG, Miller JT, Kumar CSSR. Millifluidics for chemical synthesis and time-resolved mechanistic studies. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24327099 DOI: 10.3791/50711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedures utilizing millifluidic devices for chemical synthesis and time-resolved mechanistic studies are described by taking three examples. In the first, synthesis of ultra-small copper nanoclusters is described. The second example provides their utility for investigating time resolved kinetics of chemical reactions by analyzing gold nanoparticle formation using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The final example demonstrates continuous flow catalysis of reactions inside millifluidic channel coated with nanostructured catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katla Sai Krishna
- Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University
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36
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Krishna KS, Li Y, Li S, Kumar CS. Lab-on-a-chip synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials and quantum dots for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1470-95. [PMID: 23726944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a dramatic raise in the number of investigations leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices for synthesis of nanomaterials. A majority of these investigations were focused on inorganic nanomaterials comprising of metals, metal oxides, nanocomposites and quantum dots. Herein, we provide an analysis of these findings, especially, considering the more recent developments in this new decade. We made an attempt to bring out the differences between chip-based as well as tubular continuous flow systems. We also cover, for the first time, various opportunities the tools from the field of computational fluid dynamics provide in designing LOC systems for synthesis inorganic nanomaterials. Particularly, we provide unique examples to demonstrate that there is a need for concerted effort to utilize LOC devices not only for synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials but also for carrying out superior in vitro studies thereby, paving the way for faster clinical translation. Even though LOC devices with the possibility to carry out multi-step syntheses have been designed, surprisingly, such systems have not been utilized for carrying out simultaneous synthesis and bio-functionalization of nanomaterials. While traditionally, LOC devices are primarily based on microfluidic systems, in this review article, we make a case for utilizing millifluidic systems for more efficient synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro studies of inorganic nanomaterials tailor-made for biomedical applications. Finally, recent advances in the field clearly point out the possibility for pushing the boundaries of current medical practices towards personalized health care with a vision to develop automated LOC-based instrumentation for carrying out simultaneous synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro evaluation of inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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37
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Mirhosseini Moghaddam M, Baghbanzadeh M, Sadeghpour A, Glatter O, Kappe CO. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots: A Size-Tunable and Scalable Approach. Chemistry 2013; 19:11629-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lohse SE, Eller JR, Sivapalan ST, Plews MR, Murphy CJ. A simple millifluidic benchtop reactor system for the high-throughput synthesis and functionalization of gold nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4135-50. [PMID: 23634842 DOI: 10.1021/nn4005022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the continuing interest in the applications of functionalized nanomaterials, the controlled and reproducible synthesis of many important functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) above the milligram scale continues to be a significant challenge. The synthesis of functionalized NPs in automated reactors provides a viable approach to circumvent some of the shortcomings of traditional nanomaterial batch syntheses, providing superior control over reagent addition, improved reproducibility, the opportunity to interface real-time product monitoring, and a viable high-throughput synthetic approach. Here, we demonstrate the construction and operation of a simple millifluidic reactor assembled entirely from commercially available components found in almost any chemical laboratory. This reactor facilitates the aqueous gram-scale synthesis of a variety of functionalized gold nanoparticles, including the synthesis of gold nanospheres with tightly controlled core diameters and gold nanorods with controlled aspect ratios between 1.5 and 4.0. The absolute dimensions (i.e., the transverse diameter) of gold nanorods synthesized within the reactor can also be tailored to produce different gold nanorod shapes, including "small" gold nanorods and gold nanocubes. In addition, we show that the reactor can interface with existing purification and monitoring techniques in order to enable the high-throughput functionalization/purification of gold nanorods and real-time monitoring of gold nanoparticle products for quality control. We anticipate that this millifluidic reactor will provide the blueprint for a versatile and portable approach to the gram-scale synthesis of monodisperse, hydrophilically functionalized metal NPs that can be realized in almost any chemistry research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Lohse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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39
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Sai Krishna K, Navin CV, Biswas S, Singh V, Ham K, Bovenkamp GL, Theegala CS, Miller JT, Spivey JJ, Kumar CSSR. Millifluidics for Time-resolved Mapping of the Growth of Gold Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5450-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katla Sai Krishna
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Chelliah V. Navin
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Department of Biological and
Agricultural Engineering, and LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Sanchita Biswas
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Varshni Singh
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Kyungmin Ham
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - G. Lisa Bovenkamp
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Chandra S. Theegala
- Department of Biological and
Agricultural Engineering, and LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Jeffery T. Miller
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, CSE, Argonne, Illinois
60439-4837, United States
| | - James J. Spivey
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Challa S. S. R. Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
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40
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Kharissova OV, Kharisov BI, Jiménez-Pérez VM, Muñoz Flores B, Ortiz Méndez U. Ultrasmall particles and nanocomposites: state of the art. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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41
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Jun H, Fabienne T, Florent M, Coulon PE, Nicolas M, Olivier S. Understanding of the size control of biocompatible gold nanoparticles in millifluidic channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:15966-15974. [PMID: 23116539 DOI: 10.1021/la303439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The size control of gold nanoparticles synthesized in surfactant free water with a continuous flow mode was elucidated and used to produce higher concentration (3 mM) of stabilized gold nanoparticles. The originality of the synthesis was to finely modulate the initial pH of the reducing agent instead of the gold precursor to modify the kinetic of the reaction. The acceleration of the kinetic (~1 s) prevents the modification of the gold precursors ensuring the control of the final size (from 3 to 25 nm) of the nanoparticles with a low polydispersity for aqueous surfactant free solution. The accurate measure of the size distribution by small angle X-ray scattering was combined to the use of a model based on the coupling of nucleation and growth equations together with a progressive injection of monomers. The results on the final state show that the size of the nanoparticles is indeed controlled by the kinetic of reduction of gold atoms. A millifluidic setup equipped with a homemade mixer offers a robust way of rapid mixing to obtain a reproducible production of large amounts of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jun
- CEA Saclay, DSM/IRAMIS/SIS2M/LIONS, UMR CEA/CNRS 3299, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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