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Wang Z, Wei W, Zhang M, Duan X, Li Q, Chen X, Yang Q, Pang W. Low-Voltage High-Frequency Lamb-Wave-Driven Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:716. [PMID: 38930686 PMCID: PMC11206021 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
By leveraging the benefits of a high energy density, miniaturization and integration, acoustic-wave-driven micromotors have recently emerged as powerful tools for microfluidic actuation. In this study, a Lamb-wave-driven micromotor is proposed for the first time. This motor consists of a ring-shaped Lamb wave actuator array with a rotor and a fluid coupling layer in between. On a driving mechanism level, high-frequency Lamb waves of 380 MHz generate strong acoustic streaming effects over an extremely short distance; on a mechanical design level, each Lamb wave actuator incorporates a reflector on one side of the actuator, while an acoustic opening is incorporated on the other side to limit wave energy leakage; and on electrical design level, the electrodes placed on the two sides of the film enhance the capacitance in the vertical direction, which facilitates impedance matching within a smaller area. As a result, the Lamb-wave-driven solution features a much lower driving voltage and a smaller size compared with conventional surface acoustic-wave-driven solutions. For an improved motor performance, actuator array configurations, rotor sizes, and liquid coupling layer thicknesses are examined via simulations and experiments. The results show the micromotor with a rotor with a diameter of 5 mm can achieve a maximum angular velocity of 250 rpm with an input voltage of 6 V. The proposed micromotor is a new prototype for acoustic-wave-driven actuators and demonstrates potential for lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Menglun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.W.); (W.W.); (X.D.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Pang
- The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Z.W.); (W.W.); (X.D.); (Q.L.); (X.C.); (Q.Y.)
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2
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He C, Yao J, Yang C, Wang J, Sun B, Liao G, Shi T, Liu Z. Irreversible Bonding of Polydimethylsiloxane-Lithium Niobate using Oxygen Plasma Modification for Surface Acoustic Wave based Microfluidic Application: Theory and Experiment. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301321. [PMID: 38054603 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic microfluidic chips, fabricated by combining lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), practically find applications in biomedicine. However, high-strength direct bonding of LiNbO3 substrate with PDMS microchannel remains a challenge due to the large mismatching of thermal expansion coefficient at the interface and the lack of bonding theory. This paper elaborately reveals the bonding mechanisms of PDMS and LiNbO3, demonstrating an irreversible bonding method for PDMS-LiNbO3 heterostructures using oxygen plasma modification. An in-situ monitoring strategy by using resonant devices is proposed for oxygen plasma, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) covered with PDMS and surface acoustic wave (SAW) fabricated by LiNbO3. When oxygen plasma exposure occurs, surfaces are cleaned, oxygen ions are implanted, and hydroxyl groups (-OH) are formed. Upon interfaces bonding, the interface will form niobium-oxygen-silicon covalent bonds to realize an irreversible connection. A champion bonding strength is obtained of 1.1 MPa, and the PDMS-LiNbO3 acoustic microfluidic chip excels in leakage tests, withstanding pressures exceeding 60 psi, outperforming many previously reported devices. This work addresses the gap in PDMS-LiNbO3 bonding theory and advances its practical application in the acoustic microfluidic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Canfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guanglan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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3
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Naquin TD, Canning AJ, Gu Y, Chen J, Naquin CM, Xia J, Lu B, Yang S, Koroza A, Lin K, Wang HN, Jeck WR, Lee LP, Vo-Dinh T, Huang TJ. Acoustic separation and concentration of exosomes for nucleotide detection: ASCENDx. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8597. [PMID: 38457504 PMCID: PMC10923504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Efficient isolation and analysis of exosomal biomarkers hold transformative potential in biomedical applications. However, current methods are prone to contamination and require costly consumables, expensive equipment, and skilled personnel. Here, we introduce an innovative spaceship-like disc that allows Acoustic Separation and Concentration of Exosomes and Nucleotide Detection: ASCENDx. We created ASCENDx to use acoustically driven disc rotation on a spinning droplet to generate swift separation and concentration of exosomes from patient plasma samples. Integrated plasmonic nanostars on the ASCENDx disc enable label-free detection of enriched exosomes via surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Direct detection of circulating exosomal microRNA biomarkers from patient plasma samples by the ASCENDx platform facilitated a diagnostic assay for colorectal cancer with 95.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity. ASCENDx overcomes existing limitations in exosome-based molecular diagnostics and holds a powerful position for future biomedical research, precision medicine, and point-of-care medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty D. Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aidan J. Canning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chloe M. Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brandon Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aleksandra Koroza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katherine Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hsin-Neng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - William R. Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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4
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Jiang D, Liu J, Pan Y, Zhuang L, Wang P. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) techniques in tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:215-226. [PMID: 34390407 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the introduction of surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique for microfluidics has drawn a lot of attention. The pattern and mutual communication in cell layers, tissues, and organs play a critical role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration and may contribute to disease occurrence and progression. Tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate damaged organs, depending on biomimetic scaffolds and advanced fabrication technology. However, traditional bioengineering synthesis approaches are time-consuming, heterogeneous, and unmanageable. It is hard to pattern cells in scaffolds effectively with no impact on cell viability and function. Here, we summarize a biocompatible, easily available, label-free, and non-invasive tool, surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique, which is getting a lot of attention in tissue engineering. SAW technique can realize accurate sorting, manipulation, and cells' pattern and rapid formation of spheroids. By integrating several SAW devices onto lab-on-a-chip platforms, tissue engineering lab-on-a-chip system was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to summarize the application of this novel technique in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Sensor Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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Shen J, Fu S, Su R, Xu H, Wang W, Lu Z, Feng Q, Zeng F, Song C, Pan F. Structure with thin SiO x/SiN x bilayer and Al electrodes for high-frequency, large-coupling, and low-cost surface acoustic wave devices. ULTRASONICS 2021; 115:106460. [PMID: 34029835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of fifth-generation wireless systems, the Internet of Things, and health services, surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based filters and sensors have attracted considerable interest. This study presents a new structure for high-frequency, large-coupling, and low-cost SAW devices that helps implement high-frequency and wideband filters and enhances the sensitivity of sensors. The structure is based on 15°Y-X LiNbO3, thin SiOx/SiNx bilayer overlay, and Al electrodes. Furthermore, a low-cost fabrication process for SAW devices based on this structure was designed. Simulation and experimental results show that the bilayer substantially weakens the leaky nature of shear-horizontal-type SAWs with a phase velocity higher than that of a slow-shear bulk wave in LiNbO3. Thus, the limitation related to the velocity of 4029 m/s was overcome, and the phase velocity reached approximately 4500 m/s, which means an increase of 50% compared with that of conventional Cu/15°Y-X LiNbO3 devices. Consequently, the frequency dramatically increases, and the quality of the SAW response is ensured. Simultaneously, a large electromechanical coupling factor close to 20% can be achieved, which is still suitable for wideband filters and sensors with high energy transduction coefficients. This new structure is expected to become a major candidate for SAW devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sulei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rongxuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- SHOULDER Electronics Limited, Wuxi 214124, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengtian Lu
- SHOULDER Electronics Limited, Wuxi 214124, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- SHOULDER Electronics Limited, Wuxi 214124, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Chen Z, Zhou J, Tang H, Liu Y, Shen Y, Yin X, Zheng J, Zhang H, Wu J, Shi X, Chen Y, Fu Y, Duan H. Ultrahigh-Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors with Giant Mass-Loading Effects on Electrodes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1657-1664. [PMID: 32390428 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used for physical, chemical, and biological sensing applications, and their sensing mechanisms are generally based on frequency changes due to mass-loading effects at the acoustic wave propagation area between two interdigitated transducers (IDTs). In this paper, a new sensing mechanism has been proposed based on a significantly enhanced mass-loading effect generated directly on Au IDT electrodes, which enables significantly enhanced sensitivity, compared with that of conventional SAW devices. The fabricated ultrahigh-frequency SAW devices show a significant mass-loading effect on the electrodes. When the Au-electrode thickness increased from 12 to 25 nm, the Rayleigh mode resonant frequency decreased from 7.77 to 5.93 GHz, while that of the higher longitudinal leaky SAW decreased from 11.87 to 9.83 GHz. The corresponding mass sensitivity of 7309 MHz·mm2·μg-1 (Rayleigh mode) is ∼8.9 × 1011 times larger than that of a conventional quartz crystal balance (with a frequency of 5 MHz) and ∼1000 times higher than that of conventional SAW devices (with a frequency of 978 MHz). Trinitrotoluene concentration as low as 4.4 × 10-9 M (mol·L-1) can be detected using the fabricated SAW sensor, proving its giant mass-loading effect and ultrahigh sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yin
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jiangpo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Hongshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xianglong Shi
- Beijing Aerospace Micro-electronics Technology Co., Beijing 100854, P.R. China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Huigao Duan
- National Engineering Research Centre for High Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Lee L, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. On-Chip Generation of Vortical Flows for Microfluidic Centrifugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903605. [PMID: 31535785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcentrifugation constitutes an important part of the microfluidic toolkit in a similar way that centrifugation is crucial to many macroscopic procedures, given that micromixing, sample preconcentration, particle separation, component fractionation, and cell agglomeration are essential operations in small scale processes. Yet, the dominance of capillary and viscous effects, which typically tend to retard flow, over inertial and gravitational forces, which are often useful for actuating flows and hence centrifugation, at microscopic scales makes it difficult to generate rotational flows at these dimensions, let alone with sufficient vorticity to support efficient mixing, separation, concentration, or aggregation. Herein, the various technologies-both passive and active-that have been developed to date for vortex generation in microfluidic devices are reviewed. Various advantages or limitations associated with each are outlined, in addition to highlighting the challenges that need to be overcome for their incorporation into integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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8
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Wong KS, Lee L, Hung YM, Yeo LY, Tan MK. Lamb to Rayleigh Wave Conversion on Superstrates as a Means to Facilitate Disposable Acoustomicrofluidic Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12358-12368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiing S. Wong
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Yew M. Hung
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ming K. Tan
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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Ko J, Yoo JC. Non-Contact Temperature Control System Applicable to Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Lab-on-a-Disc. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112621. [PMID: 31181849 PMCID: PMC6603647 DOI: 10.3390/s19112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the visual inspection of fluorescent amplicons for detection are commonly used procedures in nucleic acid tests. However, it has been extremely challenging to incorporate PCR onto a lab-on-a-disc (PCR-LOD) as it involves controlling the complicated and precise heating steps during thermal cycling and the measurement of reagent temperature. Additionally, a non-contact temperature control system without any connecting attachments needs to be implemented to facilitate the rotation of the PCR-LOD. This study presents a non-contact temperature control system to integrate conventional PCR onto an LOD. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed system provides one-stop detection capabilities for Salmonella with a stable PCR amplification in a single PCR-LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguk Ko
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 440-746, Korea.
| | - Jae-Chern Yoo
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 440-746, Korea.
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10
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Acoustomicrofluidic assembly of oriented and simultaneously activated metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2282. [PMID: 31123252 PMCID: PMC6533252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high surface area and porosity, and limitless compound and network combinations between the metal ions and organic ligands making up metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tremendous opportunities for their use in many applications. While numerous methods have been proposed for the synthesis of MOF powders, it is often difficult to obtain oriented crystals with these techniques. Further, the need for additional post-synthesis steps to activate the crystals and release them from the substrate presents a considerable production challenge. Here, we report an acoustically-driven microcentrifugation platform that facilitates fast convective solutal transport, allowing the synthesis of MOF crystals in as short as five minutes. The crystals are not only oriented due to long-range out-of-plane superlattice ordering aided by molecular dipole polarization under the acoustoelectric coupling, but also simultaneously activated during the synthesis process. The growth of oriented crystalline metal–organic frameworks is desirable to exploit their surface area and porosity, but has proven difficult. Here the authors fabricate highly-oriented and simultaneously activated free-standing MOFs by an acoustically driven microcentrifugation platform.
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Acoustophoretic Control of Microparticle Transport Using Dual-Wavelength Surface Acoustic Wave Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010052. [PMID: 30642118 PMCID: PMC6356526 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical and experimental study of acoustophoretic manipulation in a microfluidic channel using dual-wavelength standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) to transport microparticles into different outlets. The SSAW fields were excited by interdigital transducers (IDTs) composed of two different pitches connected in parallel and series on a lithium niobate substrate such that it yielded spatially superimposed and separated dual-wavelength SSAWs, respectively. SSAWs of a singltablee target wavelength can be efficiently excited by giving an RF voltage of frequency determined by the ratio of the velocity of the SAW to the target IDT pitch (i.e., f = cSAW/p). However, the two-pitch IDTs with similar pitches excite, less efficiently, non-target SSAWs with the wavelength associated with the non-target pitch in addition to target SSAWs by giving the target single-frequency RF voltage. As a result, dual-wavelength SSAWs can be formed. Simulated results revealed variations of acoustic pressure fields induced by the dual-wavelength SSAWs and corresponding influences on the particle motion. The acoustic radiation force in the acoustic pressure field was calculated to pinpoint zero-force positions and simulate particle motion trajectories. Then, dual-wavelength SSAW acoustofluidic devices were fabricated in accordance with the simulation results to experimentally demonstrate switching of SSAW fields as a means of transporting particles. The effects of non-target SSAWs on pre-actuating particles were predicted and observed. The study provides the design considerations needed for the fabrication of acoustofluidic devices with IDT-excited multi-wavelength SSAWs for acoustophoresis of microparticles.
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12
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Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. High frequency acoustic permeabilisation of drugs through tissue for localised mucosal delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3272-3284. [PMID: 30225496 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The majority of infectious diseases enter the body through mucosal membranes that line the ocular, nasal, oral, vaginal and rectal surfaces. As infections can be effectively prevented by instigating a local immune response in the immunocyte-rich regions of the mucosa, an efficacious route of vaccine administration is to directly target their delivery to these surfaces. It is nevertheless challenging to provide sufficient driving force to penetrate both the mucus lining as well as the epithelial barrier of the mucosal surfaces, which are designed to effectively keep foreign entities out, but not excessively such that the therapeutic agent penetrates deeper into the vascularised submucosal regions where they are mostly taken up by the systemic circulation, thus resulting in a far weaker immune response. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of controllably localising and hence maximising the delivery of both small and large molecule model therapeutic agents in the mucosa of a porcine buccal model using high frequency acoustics. Unlike their low (kHz order) frequency bulk ultrasonic counterpart, these high frequency (>10 MHz) surface waves do not generate cavitation, which leads to large molecular penetration depths beyond the 100 μm order thick mucosal layer, and which has been known to cause considerable cellular/tissue damage and hence scarring. Through system parameters such as the acoustic irradiation frequency, power and exposure duration, we show that it is possible to tune the penetration depth such that over 95% of the delivered drug are localised within the mucosal layer, whilst preserving their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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13
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Using a Lab-on-a-Disc Device with Thin-film Phase Change Material. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:54-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Tan MK, Siddiqi A, Yeo LY. A Facile and Flexible Method for On-Demand Directional Speed Tunability in the Miniaturised Lab-on-a-Disc. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6652. [PMID: 28751783 PMCID: PMC5532283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Miniaturised Lab-on-a-Disc (miniLOAD) platform, which utilises surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to drive the rotation of thin millimeter-scale discs on which microchannels can be fabricated and hence microfluidic operations can be performed, offers the possibility of miniaturising its larger counterpart, the Lab-on-a-CD, for true portability in point-of-care applications. A significant limitation of the original miniLOAD concept, however, is that it does not allow for flexible control over the disc rotation direction and speed without manual adjustment of the disc’s position, or the use of multiple devices to alter the SAW frequency. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of achieving such control with the use of tapered interdigitated transducers to confine a SAW beam such that the localised acoustic streaming it generates imparts a force, through hydrodynamic shear, at a specific location on the disc. Varying the torque that arises as a consequence by altering the input frequency to the transducers then allows the rotational velocity and direction of the disc to be controlled with ease. We derive a simple predictive model to illustrate the principle by which this occurs, which we find agrees well with the experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming K Tan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.,School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ariba Siddiqi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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15
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Go DB, Atashbar MZ, Ramshani Z, Chang HC. Surface acoustic wave devices for chemical sensing and microfluidics: A review and perspective. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:4112-4134. [PMID: 29151901 PMCID: PMC5685524 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay00690j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), are electro-mechanical waves that form on the surface of piezoelectric crystals. Because they are easy to construct and operate, SAW devices have proven to be versatile and powerful platforms for either direct chemical sensing or for upstream microfluidic processing and sample preparation. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of SAW devices for chemical sensing and analysis. The use of SAW techniques for chemical detection in both gaseous and liquid media is discussed, as well as recent fabrication advances that are pointing the way for the next generation of SAW sensors. Similarly, applications and progress in using SAW devices as microfluidic platforms are covered, ranging from atomization and mixing to new approaches to lysing and cell adhesion studies. Finally, potential new directions and perspectives on the field as it moves forward are offered, with a specific focus on potential strategies for making SAW technologies for bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Go
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Masood Z. Atashbar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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16
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Choi J, Kang D, Han S, Kim SB, Rogers JA. Thin, Soft, Skin-Mounted Microfluidic Networks with Capillary Bursting Valves for Chrono-Sampling of Sweat. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28105745 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systems for time sequential capture of microliter volumes of sweat released from targeted regions of the skin offer the potential to enable analysis of temporal variations in electrolyte balance and biomarker concentration throughout a period of interest. Current methods that rely on absorbent pads taped to the skin do not offer the ease of use in sweat capture needed for quantitative tracking; emerging classes of electronic wearable sweat analysis systems do not directly manage sweat-induced fluid flows for sample isolation. Here, a thin, soft, "skin-like" microfluidic platform is introduced that bonds to the skin to allow for collection and storage of sweat in an interconnected set of microreservoirs. Pressure induced by the sweat glands drives flow through a network of microchannels that incorporates capillary bursting valves designed to open at different pressures, for the purpose of passively guiding sweat through the system in sequential fashion. A representative device recovers 1.8 µL volumes of sweat each from 0.8 min of sweating into a set of separate microreservoirs, collected from 0.03 cm2 area of skin with approximately five glands, corresponding to a sweat rate of 0.60 µL min-1 per gland. Human studies demonstrate applications in the accurate chemical analysis of lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations and their temporal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ajou University; San 5, Woncheon-Dong Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon 16499 South Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Sung Bong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics; Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Neurological Surgery; Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology; McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
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17
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Ding Z, Zhang D, Wang G, Tang M, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Ho HP, Zhang X. An in-line spectrophotometer on a centrifugal microfluidic platform for real-time protein determination and calibration. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3604-3614. [PMID: 27531134 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an in-line, low-cost, miniature and portable spectrophotometric detection system is presented and used for fast protein determination and calibration in centrifugal microfluidics. Our portable detection system is configured with paired emitter and detector diodes (PEDD), where the light beam between both LEDs is collimated with enhanced system tolerance. It is the first time that a physical model of PEDD is clearly presented, which could be modelled as a photosensitive RC oscillator. A portable centrifugal microfluidic system that contains a wireless port in real-time communication with a smartphone has been built to show that PEDD is an effective strategy for conducting rapid protein bioassays with detection performance comparable to that of a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The choice of centrifugal microfluidics offers the unique benefits of highly parallel fluidic actuation at high accuracy while there is no need for a pump, as inertial forces are present within the entire spinning disc and accurately controlled by varying the spinning speed. As a demonstration experiment, we have conducted the Bradford assay for bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration calibration from 0 to 2 mg mL(-1). Moreover, a novel centrifugal disc with a spiral microchannel is proposed for automatic distribution and metering of the sample to all the parallel reactions at one time. The reported lab-on-a-disc scheme with PEDD detection may offer a solution for high-throughput assays, such as protein density calibration, drug screening and drug solubility measurement that require the handling of a large number of reactions in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiong Ding
- Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
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18
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Ang KM, Yeo LY, Hung YM, Tan MK. Amplitude modulation schemes for enhancing acoustically-driven microcentrifugation and micromixing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054106. [PMID: 27703592 PMCID: PMC5035302 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to drive microcentrifugation for efficient micromixing and particle concentration and separation on a microfluidic platform is critical for a wide range of lab-on-a-chip applications. In this work, we investigate the use of amplitude modulation to enhance the efficiency of the microcentrifugal recirculation flows in surface acoustic wave microfluidic systems, thus concomitantly reducing the power consumption in these devices for a given performance requirement-a crucial step in the development of miniaturized, integrated circuits for true portable functionality. In particular, we show that it is possible to obtain an increase of up to 60% in the acoustic streaming velocity in a microdroplet with kHz order modulation frequencies due to the intensification in Eckart streaming; the streaming velocity is increasing as the modulation index is increased. Additionally, we show that it is possible to exploit this streaming enhancement to effect improvements in the speed of particle concentration by up to 70% and the efficiency of micromixing by 50%, together with a modest decrease in the droplet temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar M Ang
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Yew M Hung
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming K Tan
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Al-Abboodi A, Rezk A, Chan PP, Iliescu C, Yeo LY. Rapid Enhancement of Cellular Spheroid Assembly by Acoustically Driven Microcentrifugation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1013-1022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Biotechnology & Biological Sciences, School of Applied Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aswan Al-Abboodi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amgad Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peggy P.Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Institute
of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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20
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Rezk AR, Yeo LY, Chan PPY. Assessment of the potential of a high frequency acoustomicrofluidic nebulisation platform for inhaled stem cell therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:12-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of a novel high frequency acoustic nebulisation platform as an effective aerosolisation technique for inhaled mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Department of Biotechnology & Biological Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Peggy P. Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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21
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Joseph K, Ibrahim F, Cho J, Thio THG, Al-Faqheri W, Madou M. Design and Development of Micro-Power Generating Device for Biomedical Applications of Lab-on-a-Disc. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136519. [PMID: 26422249 PMCID: PMC4589339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of micro-power generators for centrifugal microfluidic discs enhances the platform as a green point-of-care diagnostic system and eliminates the need for attaching external peripherals to the disc. In this work, we present micro-power generators that harvest energy from the disc’s rotational movement to power biomedical applications on the disc. To implement these ideas, we developed two types of micro-power generators using piezoelectric films and an electromagnetic induction system. The piezoelectric-based generator takes advantage of the film’s vibration during the disc’s rotational motion, whereas the electromagnetic induction-based generator operates on the principle of current generation in stacks of coil exposed to varying magnetic flux. We have successfully demonstrated that at the spinning speed of 800 revolutions per minute (RPM) the piezoelectric film-based generator is able to produce up to 24 microwatts using 6 sets of films and the magnetic induction-based generator is capable of producing up to 125 milliwatts using 6 stacks of coil. As a proof of concept, a custom made localized heating system was constructed to test the capability of the magnetic induction-based generator. The heating system was able to achieve a temperature of 58.62°C at 2200 RPM. This development of lab-on-a-disc micro power generators preserves the portability standards and enhances the future biomedical applications of centrifugal microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunan Joseph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jongman Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Tzer Hwai Gilbert Thio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Wisam Al-Faqheri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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22
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Kazemzadeh A, Ganesan P, Ibrahim F, Kulinsky L, Madou MJ. Guided routing on spinning microfluidic platforms. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust two stage passive microvalve is devised that can be used for (a) changing the flow direction continuously from one direction to another, and (b) liquid/particle distribution in centrifugal microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kazemzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - P. Ganesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Marc J. Madou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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23
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Strohmeier O, Keller M, Schwemmer F, Zehnle S, Mark D, von Stetten F, Zengerle R, Paust N. Centrifugal microfluidic platforms: advanced unit operations and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6187-229. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Review on miniaturization, integration, and automation of laboratory processes within centrifugal microfluidic platforms. For efficient implementation of applications, building blocks are categorized into unit operations and process chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Strohmeier
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - M. Keller
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - F. Schwemmer
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
- University of Freiburg
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | | | - D. Mark
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - F. von Stetten
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - R. Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - N. Paust
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
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24
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Destgeer G, Ha BH, Jung JH, Sung HJ. Submicron separation of microspheres via travelling surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4665-72. [PMID: 25312065 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Submicron separation is the segregation of particles having a diameter difference of less than one micrometre. We present an acoustofluidic particle separator with submicron separation resolution to study the continuous, label-free, and contactless separation of polystyrene (PS) particles based on their acoustofluidic parameters such as size, density, compressibility and shape. In this work, the submicron separation of PS microspheres, having a marginal size difference, is achieved inside a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel via travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs). The TSAWs of different frequencies (200, 192, 155, and 129 MHz), propagating normal to the fluid flow direction inside the PDMS microchannel, realized continuous separation of particles with a diameter difference as low as 200 nm. A theoretical framework based on the rigid and elastic theories is presented to support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
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25
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Witte C, Reboud J, Wilson R, Cooper JM, Neale SL. Microfluidic resonant cavities enable acoustophoresis on a disposable superstrate. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4277-83. [PMID: 25224539 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate surface acoustic wave (SAW) induced microparticle manipulation in a microstructured disposable glass-polymer composite superstrate, positioned on a piezoelectric substrate with a single, slanted SAW transducer. An excited SAW was coupled from the piezoelectric substrate into the superstrate, which acted as a transversal resonator structure. We show that the energy transmitted into the superstrate allowed acoustophoretic particle manipulation, while the wide frequency response of the SAW transducer enabled tuneable pressure distributions confined by the microchannel layout. The configuration provides a significant tolerance in positioning - making assembly easy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Witte
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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26
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Gracioso Martins AM, Glass NR, Harrison S, Rezk AR, Porter NA, Carpenter PD, Du Plessis J, Friend JR, Yeo LY. Toward Complete Miniaturisation of Flow Injection Analysis Systems: Microfluidic Enhancement of Chemiluminescent Detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10812-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502878p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Gracioso Martins
- Centre
for Environmental Science and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nick R. Glass
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sally Harrison
- Centre
for Environmental Science and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nichola A. Porter
- Centre
for Environmental Science and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peter D. Carpenter
- Centre
for Environmental Science and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Johan Du Plessis
- Centre
for Environmental Science and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - James R. Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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27
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Travagliati M, Shilton RJ, Pagliazzi M, Tonazzini I, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Acoustofluidics and whole-blood manipulation in surface acoustic wave counterflow devices. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10633-8. [PMID: 25260018 DOI: 10.1021/ac502465s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
On-chip functional blocks for sample preprocessing are necessary elements for the implementation of fully portable micrototal analysis systems (μTAS). We demonstrate and characterize the microparticle and whole-blood manipulation capabilities of surface acoustic wave (SAW) driven counterflow micropumps. The motion of suspended cells in this system is governed by the two dominant acoustic forces associated with the scattered SAW (of wavelength λf): acoustic-radiation force and acoustic-streaming Stokesian drag force. We show that by reducing the microchannel height (h) beyond a threshold value the balance of these forces is shifted toward the acoustic-radiation force and that this yields control of two different regimes of microparticle dynamics. In the regime dominated by the acoustic radiation force (h ≲ λf), microparticles are collected in the seminodes of the partial standing sound-wave arising from reflections off microchannel walls. This enables the complete separation of plasma and corpuscular components of whole blood in periodical predetermined positions without any prior sample dilution. Conversely, in the regime dominated by acoustic streaming (h ≫ λf), the microbeads follow vortical streamlines in a pattern characterized by three different phases during microchannel filling. This makes it possible to generate a cell-concentration gradient within whole-blood samples, a behavior not previously reported in any acoustic-streaming device. By careful device design, a new class of SAW pumping devices is presented that allows the manipulation and pretreatment of whole-blood samples for portable and integrable biological chips and is compatible with hand-held battery-operated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Travagliati
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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28
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Allergen screening bioassays: recent developments in lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-a-disc systems. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2005-18. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergies occur when a person's immune system mounts an abnormal response with or without IgE to a normally harmless substance called an allergen. The standard skin-prick test introduces suspected allergens into the skin with lancets in order to trigger allergic reactions. This test is annoying and sometimes life threatening. New tools such as lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-a-disc, which rely on microfabrication, are designed for allergy testing. These systems provide benefits such as short analysis times, enhanced sensitivity, simplified procedures, minimal consumption of sample and reagents and low cost. This article gives a summary of these systems. In particular, a cell-based assay detecting both the IgE- and non-IgE-type triggers through the study of degranulation in a centrifugal microfluidic system is highlighted.
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29
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Collins DJ, Alan T, Neild A. Particle separation using virtual deterministic lateral displacement (vDLD). LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1595-603. [PMID: 24638896 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for sensitive and tunable particle sorting that we term virtual deterministic lateral displacement (vDLD). The vDLD system is composed of a set of interdigital transducers (IDTs) within a microfluidic chamber that produce a force field at an angle to the flow direction. Particles above a critical diameter, a function of the force induced by viscous drag and the force field, are displaced laterally along the minimum force potential lines, while smaller particles continue in the direction of the fluid flow without substantial perturbations. We demonstrate the effective separation of particles in a continuous-flow system with size sensitivity comparable or better than other previously reported microfluidic separation techniques. Separation of 5.0 μm from 6.6 μm, 6.6 μm from 7.0 μm and 300 nm from 500 nm particles are all achieved using the same device architecture. With the high sensitivity and flexibility vDLD affords we expect to find application in a wide variety of microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Collins
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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30
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Wang G, Ho HP, Chen Q, Yang AKL, Kwok HC, Wu SY, Kong SK, Kwan YW, Zhang X. A lab-in-a-droplet bioassay strategy for centrifugal microfluidics with density difference pumping, power to disc and bidirectional flow control. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3698-3706. [PMID: 23881222 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a lab-in-a-droplet bioassay strategy for a centrifugal microfluidics or lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) platform with three important advancements including density difference pumping, power to disc and bidirectional flow control. First, with the water based bioassay droplets trapped in a micro-channel filled with mineral oil, centrifugal force due to the density difference between the water and oil phases actuates droplet movement while the oil based medium remains stationary. Second, electricity is coupled to the rotating disc through a split-core transformer, thus enabling on-chip real-time heating in selected areas as desired and wireless programmable functionality. Third, an inertial mechanical structure is proposed to achieve bidirectional flow control within the spinning disc. The droplets can move back and forth between two heaters upon changing the rotational speed. Our platform is an essential and versatile solution for bioassays such as those involving DNA amplification, where localized temperature cycling is required. Finally, without the loss of generality, we demonstrate the functionality of our platform by performing real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a linear microchannel made with PTFE (Teflon) micro-tubing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China.
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31
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Ding X, Li P, Lin SCS, Stratton ZS, Nama N, Guo F, Slotcavage D, Mao X, Shi J, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Surface acoustic wave microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3626-49. [PMID: 23900527 PMCID: PMC3992948 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology onto lab-on-a-chip platforms has opened a new frontier in microfluidics. The advantages provided by such SAW microfluidics are numerous: simple fabrication, high biocompatibility, fast fluid actuation, versatility, compact and inexpensive devices and accessories, contact-free particle manipulation, and compatibility with other microfluidic components. We believe that these advantages enable SAW microfluidics to play a significant role in a variety of applications in biology, chemistry, engineering and medicine. In this review article, we discuss the theory underpinning SAWs and their interactions with particles and the contacting fluids in which they are suspended. We then review the SAW-enabled microfluidic devices demonstrated to date, starting with devices that accomplish fluid mixing and transport through the use of travelling SAW; we follow that by reviewing the more recent innovations achieved with standing SAW that enable such actions as particle/cell focusing, sorting and patterning. Finally, we look forward and appraise where the discipline of SAW microfluidics could go next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sz-Chin Steven Lin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zackary S. Stratton
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Slotcavage
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaole Mao
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jinjie Shi
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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32
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Travagliati M, Shilton R, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Fabrication, operation and flow visualization in surface-acoustic-wave-driven acoustic-counterflow microfluidics. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24022515 DOI: 10.3791/50524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we present the fabrication protocol for a multilayered SAW acoustic counterflow device. The device is fabricated starting from a lithium niobate (LN) substrate onto which two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and appropriate markers are patterned. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel cast on an SU8 master mold is finally bonded on the patterned substrate. Following the fabrication procedure, we show the techniques that allow the characterization and operation of the acoustic counterflow device in order to pump fluids through the PDMS channel grid. We finally present the procedure to visualize liquid flow in the channels. The protocol is used to show on-chip fluid pumping under different flow regimes such as laminar flow and more complicated dynamics characterized by vortices and particle accumulation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Travagliati
- NEST Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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