1
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Zhou M, Li L, Xie W, He Z, Li J. Synthesis of a Thermal-Responsive Dual-Modal Supramolecular Probe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fluorescence Imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100248. [PMID: 34272782 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dual-modal imaging can integrate the advantages of different imaging technologies, which could improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnosis. Herein, a novel amphiphilic thermal-responsive copolymer obtained from three types of monomers, N-isopropyl acrylamide, 2-(acetoacetoxy) ethyl methacrylate, and propargyl methacrylate, by RAFT copolymerization, is reported. It can be grafted with β-cyclodextrin and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens tetraphenylethylene by click chemistry and Biginelli reaction. The multifunctional supramolecular polymer (P4) can be constructed by host-guest inclusion between the copolymer and the Gd-based contrast agent (CA) modified by adamantane [Ad-(DOTA-Gd)]. And it can form vesicles with a bilayer structure in aqueous which will enhance the AIE and magnetic resonance imaging effects. As fluorescent thermometer, P4 can enter HeLa cells for intracellular fluorescence imaging (FI) and is sensitive to temperature with detection limit value of 1.5 °C. As magnetic resonance CA, P4 exhibits higher relaxation compared to Magnevist, which can prolong the circulation time in vivo. In addition, Gd3+ in the polymer can be quickly released from the body by disassembly that reduced the biological toxicity. This work introduces new synthetic ideas for dual-modal probe, which has great potential for clinical diagnostic applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zejian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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2
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Park HS, Kim J, Cho MY, Cho YJ, Suh YD, Nam SH, Hong KS. Effectual Labeling of Natural Killer Cells with Upconverting Nanoparticles by Electroporation for In Vivo Tracking and Biodistribution Assessment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49362-49370. [PMID: 33050704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, which are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system and recognize cancer cells via various immune receptors, are promising agents in cell immunotherapy. To utilize NK cells as a therapeutic agent, their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics need to be evaluated following systemic administration. Therefore, in vivo imaging and tracking with efficient labeling and quantitative analysis of NK cells are required. However, the lack of the phagocytic capacity of NK cells makes it difficult to establish breakthroughs in cell labeling and subsequent in vivo studies. Herein, an effective labeling of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) in NK cells is proposed using electroporation with high sensitivity and stability. The labeling performance of UCNPs functionalized with carboxy-polyethylene glycol (PEG) is better than with methoxy-PEG or with amine-PEG. The labeling efficiency becomes higher, but cell damage is greater as electric field increases; thus, there is an optimum electroporation condition for internalization of UCNPs into NK cells. The tracking and biodistribution imaging analyses of intravenously injected NK cells show that the labeled NK cells are initially distributed primarily in lungs and then spread to the liver and spleen. These advances will accelerate the application of NK cells as key components of immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Youn-Joo Cho
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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3
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Zhang C, Shi X. Hybrid nanogels with unique designs for improved tumor theranostics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1455-1458. [PMID: 32515265 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber & Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber & Low-dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
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4
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Dvořáková J, Šálek P, Korecká L, Pavlova E, Černoch P, Janoušková O, Koutníková B, Proks V. Colloidally stable polypeptide‐based nanogel: Study of enzyme‐mediated nanogelation in inverse miniemulsion. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dvořáková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šálek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Korecká
- Department of Biological and Biochemical SciencesFaculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Koutníková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science Heyrovského nám. 2 Prague 6 162 06 Czech Republic
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Wang G, Fu L, Walker A, Chen X, Lovejoy DB, Hao M, Lee A, Chung R, Rizos H, Irvine M, Zheng M, Liu X, Lu Y, Shi B. Label-Free Fluorescent Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer for Traceable and Controlled Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2148-2158. [PMID: 30995832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) is well-known for its high efficiency as a drug delivery vehicle. However, the intrinsic cytotoxicity and lack of a detectable signal to facilitate tracking have impeded its practical applications. Herein, we have developed a novel label-free fluorescent and biocompatible PAMAM derivative by simple surface modification of PAMAM using acetaldehyde. The modified PAMAM possessed a strong green fluorescence, which was generated by the C=N bonds of the resulting Schiff Bases via n-π* transition, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of PAMAM was simultaneously ameliorated. Through further PEGylation, the fluorescent PAMAM demonstrated excellent intracellular tracking in human melanoma SKMEL28 cells. In addition, our PEGylated fluorescent PAMAM derivative achieved enhanced loading and delivery efficiency of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) compared to the original PAMAM. Importantly, the accelerated kinetics of DOX-encapsulated fluorescent PAMAM nanocomposites in an acidic environment facilitated intracellular drug release, which demonstrated comparable cytotoxicity to that of the free-form doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) against melanoma cells. Overall, our label free fluorescent PAMAM derivative offers a new opportunity of traceable and controlled delivery for DOX and other drugs of potential clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Libing Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Adam Walker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute , The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering , The University of Edinburgh , King's Buildings, Mayfield Road , Edinburgh EH93JL , United Kingdom
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | | | - Albert Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Mal Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | | | | | - Yiqing Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences & Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
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6
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Zheng M, Qiao L, Su Y, Gao P, Xie Z. A postmodification strategy to modulate the photoluminescence of carbon dots from blue to green and red: synthesis and applications. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Green and red fluorescent carbon dots were successfully prepared by the conjugation of CD-B with VC and acetaldehyde, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lihong Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ya Su
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Pengli Gao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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7
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Deng Y, Xu A, Yu Y, Fu C, Liang G. Biomedical Applications of Fluorescent and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dual‐Modality Probes. Chembiochem 2018; 20:499-510. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary & Research Key Laboratory of, Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of EducationJianghan University Wuhan 430056 P.R. China
| | - Aifei Xu
- School of Tobacco Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary & Research Key Laboratory of, Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of EducationJianghan University Wuhan 430056 P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary & Research Key Laboratory of, Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of EducationJianghan University Wuhan 430056 P.R. China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
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8
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Park HS, Kim J, Cho MY, Lee H, Nam SH, Suh YD, Hong KS. Convenient and effective ICGylation of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8831. [PMID: 28821875 PMCID: PMC5562755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoprobes used for biomedical applications usually require surface modifications with amphiphilic surfactants or inorganic coating materials to enhance their biocompatibility. We proposed a facile synthetic approach for the phase transfer of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles by the direct adherence of fluorescent probes, without any chemical modifications, for use as a magnetic resonance (MR)/near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence bimodal imaging contrast agent. Indocyanine green (ICG) was used not only as an optical component for NIR imaging, but also as a surfactant for phase transfer with no superfluous moiety: we therefore called the process "ICGylation". Cell labeling and tracking in vivo with ICGylated magnetic nanoparticles were successfully performed by MR/NIR dual-mode imaging for three days, which showed remarkable biostability without any additional surface functionalization. We expect that this novel MR/NIR contrast agent demonstrating sensitive detection and simultaneous imaging capability can be used in diverse fields, such as the imaging and tracking of immune cells to confirm immunotherapeutic efficacy. The approach used could also be applied to other kinds of nanoparticles, and it would promote the development of advanced functional multimodal nanobioprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Park
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Research Center for Convergence NanoRaman Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Research Center for Convergence NanoRaman Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Laboratory for Advanced Molecular Probing (LAMP), Research Center for Convergence NanoRaman Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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9
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Seth A, Park HS, Hong KS. Current Perspective on In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Immune Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060881. [PMID: 28587110 PMCID: PMC6152742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporaneous development of improved immune cell-based therapies, and powerful imaging tools, has prompted growth in technologies for immune cell tracking in vivo. Over the past couple of decades, imaging tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging have successfully monitored the trafficking patterns of therapeutic immune cells and assisted the evaluation of the success or failure of immunotherapy. Recent advancements in imaging technology have made imaging an indispensable module of immune cell-based therapies. In this review, emerging applications of non-radiation imaging modalities for the tracking of a range of immune cells are discussed. Applications of MRI, NIR, and other imaging tools have demonstrated the potential of non-invasively surveying the fate of both phagocytic and non-phagocytic immune cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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10
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Soni KS, Desale SS, Bronich TK. Nanogels: An overview of properties, biomedical applications and obstacles to clinical translation. J Control Release 2016; 240:109-126. [PMID: 26571000 PMCID: PMC4862943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels have emerged as a versatile hydrophilic platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with a capability to respond to external stimuli that can be used for a multitude of applications. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular therapeutics, biomacromolecules, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. Their stimuli-responsive behavior can be easily controlled by selection of constituent polymer and crosslinker components to achieve a desired response at the site of action, which imparts nanogels the ability to participate actively in the intended function of the carrier system rather than being passive carriers of their cargo. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many of the challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules, and this review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier systems for the delivery of an array of cargo molecules over other nanomaterials. Despite their obvious usefulness, nanogels are still not a commonplace occurrence in clinical practice. We have also made an attempt to highlight some of the major challenges that need to be overcome to advance nanogels further in the field of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti S Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Swapnil S Desale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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11
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Molina M, Asadian-Birjand M, Balach J, Bergueiro J, Miceli E, Calderón M. Stimuli-responsive nanogel composites and their application in nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6161-86. [PMID: 26505057 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are nanosized crosslinked polymer networks capable of absorbing large quantities of water. Specifically, smart nanogels are interesting because of their ability to respond to biomedically relevant changes like pH, temperature, etc. In the last few decades, hybrid nanogels or composites have been developed to overcome the ever increasing demand for new materials in this field. In this context, a hybrid refers to nanogels combined with different polymers and/or with nanoparticles such as plasmonic, magnetic, and carbonaceous nanoparticles, among others. Research activities are focused nowadays on using multifunctional hybrid nanogels in nanomedicine, not only as drug carriers but also as imaging and theranostic agents. In this review, we will describe nanogels, particularly in the form of composites or hybrids applied in nanomedicine.
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13
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Chan M, Almutairi A. Nanogels as imaging agents for modalities spanning the electromagnetic spectrum. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2016; 3:21-40. [PMID: 27398218 PMCID: PMC4906372 DOI: 10.1039/c5mh00161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, advances in imaging equipment and protocols have expanded the role of imaging in in vivo diagnosis and disease management, especially in cancer. Traditional imaging agents have rapid clearance and low specificity for disease detection. To improve accuracy in disease identification, localization and assessment, novel nanomaterials are frequently explored as imaging agents to achieve high detection specificity and sensitivity. A promising material for this purpose are hydrogel nanoparticles, whose high hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and tunable size in the nanometer range make them ideal for imaging. These nanogels (10 to 200 nm) can circumvent uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, allowing longer circulation times than small molecules. In addition, their size/surface properties can be further tailored to optimize their pharmacokinetics for imaging of a particular disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of nanogels as imaging agents in various modalities with sources of signal spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, including MRI, NIR, UV-vis, and PET. Many materials and formulation methods will be reviewed to highlight the versatility of nanogels as imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0600 , USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , KACST-UCSD Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine , Laboratory of Bioresponsive Materials , University of California , 9500 Gilman Dr., 0600 , PSB 2270 , La Jolla , San Diego , CA 92093-0600 , USA . ; Tel: +1 (858) 246 0871
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14
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Liu W, Zhang W, Yu X, Zhang G, Su Z. Synthesis and biomedical applications of fluorescent nanogels. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanogel is an innovative biomedical material with hydroscopicity, degradability, and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wensi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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15
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Yang CT, Padmanabhan P, Gulyás BZ. Gadolinium(iii) based nanoparticles for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging probes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the recent progress on Gd(iii)-based nanoparticles asT1-weighted MRI contrast agents and multimodal contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 636921
| | | | - Balázs Z. Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 636921
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16
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Sierra-Martin B, Fernandez-Barbero A. Multifunctional hybrid nanogels for theranostic applications. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8205-8216. [PMID: 26371991 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews a wide set of theranostic applications based on the special properties associated with composite nanogels. The nanogels presented here are mostly hybridized with quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and plasmonic metal noble nanoparticles. These inorganic components confer nanogels multifunctional properties that extend their applications from drug delivery systems to diagnosis and therapy. Nanogels can also be surface functionalized with specific ligands to achieve targeted therapy and reduce toxicity. This versatility makes hybrid nanogels very promising agents for imaging, diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sierra-Martin
- Applied Physics Section, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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17
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Seth A, Oh DB, Lim YT. Nanomaterials for enhanced immunity as an innovative paradigm in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:959-75. [PMID: 25867860 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of nanoparticle technology, novel and versatile properties of nanomaterials have been introduced, which has constantly expanded their applications in therapeutics. Introduction of nanomaterials for immunomodulation has opened up new avenues with tremendous potential. Interesting properties of nanoparticles, such as adjuvanticity, capability to enhance cross-presentation, polyvalent presentation, siRNA delivery for silencing of immunesuppressive gene, targeting and imaging of immune cells have been known to have immense utility in vaccination and immunotherapy. A thorough understanding of the merits associated with nanomaterials is crucial for designing of modular and versatile nanovaccines, for improved immune response. With the emerging prerequisites of vaccination, nanomaterial-based immune stimulation, seems to be capable of taking the field of immunization to a next higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanoparticles as fluorophore-free contrast agents for multicolor optical imaging. Molecules 2015; 20:4369-82. [PMID: 25759954 PMCID: PMC6272772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the fabrication of self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanoparticles that provide a multicolor optical imaging modality. Poly(γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA) formed self-assembled nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions with two different cationic polymers: poly(L-lysine)(PLL) and chitosan. The self-assembled γ-PGA/PLL and γ-PGA/chitosan nanoparticles were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Crosslinking of the ionic self-assembled nanoparticles with glutaraldehyde not only stabilized the nanoparticles but also generated a strong autofluorescence signal. Fluorescent Schiff base bonds (C=N) and double bonds (C=C) were generated simultaneously by crosslinking of the amine moiety of the cationic polyelectrolytes with monomeric glutaraldehyde or with polymeric glutaraldehyde. The unique optical properties of the nanoparticles that resulted from the crosslinking by glutaraldehyde were analyzed using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed that the fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticles could be regulated by adjusting the crosslinker concentration and the reaction time. The nanoparticles also exhibited high performance in the labeling and monitoring of therapeutic immune cells (macrophages and dendritic cells). These self-assembled nanoparticles are expected to be a promising multicolor optical imaging contrast agent for the labeling, detection, and monitoring of cells.
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Shi B, Zhang H, Qiao SZ, Bi J, Dai S. Intracellular microenvironment-responsive label-free autofluorescent nanogels for traceable gene delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1839-48. [PMID: 24965262 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy presents a unique opportunity for the treatment of genetic diseases, but the lack of multifunctional delivery systems has hindered its clinical applications. Here, a new delivery vector, autofluorescent polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanogels, for highly efficient and traceable gene delivery is developed. Different from commercial high-molecular-weight PEI, the cationic nanogels are noncytotoxic and able to be fragmented due to their unique intracellular microenvironment-responsive structures. The biodegradable nanogels can effectively load plasmid DNA (pDNA), and the self-assembled polyplexes can be cleaved after cellular uptake to improve gene transfection efficiency. Most importantly, the nanogels and the nanogel/pDNA polyplexes are autofluorescent. The fluorescence is stable in blood plasma and responsive to the intracellular microenvironment. The breakup of the nanogels or polyplexes leads to the loss of fluorescence, and thus the gene delivery and carrier biodegradation processes can be monitored. The reported multifunctional system demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, high transfection efficiency, responsive biodegradability, controlled gene release, label-free and simultaneous fluorescence tracking, which will provide a new platform for future scientific investigation and practical implications in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA5005 Australia
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA5005 Australia
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA5005 Australia
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA5005 Australia
| | - Sheng Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA5005 Australia
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Aryal S, Key J, Stigliano C, Ananta JS, Zhong M, Decuzzi P. Engineered magnetic hybrid nanoparticles with enhanced relaxivity for tumor imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7725-32. [PMID: 23871540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinically used contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suffer by the lack of specificity; short circulation time; and insufficient relaxivity. Here, a one-step combinatorial approach is described for the synthesis of magnetic lipid-polymer (hybrid) nanoparticles (MHNPs) encapsulating 5 nm ultra-small super-paramagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIOs) and decorated with Gd(3+) ions. The MHNPs comprise a hydrophobic poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core, containing up to ~5% USPIOs (w/w), stabilized by lipid and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Gd(3+) ions are directly chelated to the external lipid monolayer. Three different nanoparticle configurations are presented including Gd(3+) chelates only (Gd-MHNPs); USPIOs only (Fe-MHNPs); and the combination thereof (MHNPs). All three MHNPs exhibit a hydrodynamic diameter of about 150 nm. The Gd-MHNPs present a longitudinal relaxivity (r1 = 12.95 ± 0.53 (mM s)(-1)) about four times larger than conventional Gd-based contrast agents (r1 = 3.4 (mM s)(-1)); MHNPs have a transversal relaxivity of r2 = 164.07 ± 7.0 (mM s)(-1), which is three to four times larger than most conventional systems (r2 ~ 50 (mM s)(-1)). In melanoma bearing mice, elemental analysis for Gd shows about 3% of the injected MHNPs accumulating in the tumor and 2% still circulating in the blood, at 24 h post-injection. In a clinical 3T MRI scanner, MHNPs provide significant contrast confirming the observed tumor deposition. This approach can also accommodate the co-loading of hydrophobic therapeutic compounds in the MHNP core, paving the way for theranostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Aryal
- Department of Translational Imaging, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hu J, Liu T, Zhang G, Jin F, Liu S. Synergistically Enhance Magnetic Resonance/Fluorescence Imaging Performance of Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles Under Mildly Acidic Biological Milieu. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sharma P, Bengtsson NE, Walter GA, Sohn HB, Zhou G, Iwakuma N, Zeng H, Grobmyer SR, Scott EW, Moudgil BM. Gadolinium-doped silica nanoparticles encapsulating indocyanine green for near infrared and magnetic resonance imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2856-2868. [PMID: 22744832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of the indocyanine green (ICG) dye, the only near infrared (NIR) imaging dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA, are limited due to rapid protein binding, fast clearance, and instability in physiologically relevant conditions. Encapsulating ICG in silica particles can enhance its photostability, minimize photobleaching, increase the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and enable in vivo studies. Furthermore, a combined magnetic resonance (MR) and NIR imaging particulate can integrate the advantage of high-resolution 3D anatomical imaging with high-sensitivity deep-tissue in-vivo fluorescent imaging. In this report, a novel synthesis technique that can achieve these goals is presented. A reverse-microemulsion-based synthesis protocol is employed to produce 25 nm ICG-doped silica nanoparticles (NPs). The encapsulation of ICG is achieved by manipulating coulombic attractions with bivalent ions and aminated silanes and carrying out silica synthesis in salt-catalyzed, mildly basic pH conditions using dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)/heptane/water microemulsion system. Furthermore, paramagnetic properties are imparted by chelating paramagnetic Gd to the ICG-doped silica NPs. Aqueous ICG-dye-doped silica NPs show increased photostability (over a week) and minimal photobleaching as compared to the dye alone. The MR and optical imaging capabilities of these particles are demonstrated through phantom, in vitro and in vivo experiments. The described particles have the potential to act as theranostic agents by combining photodynamic therapy through the absorption of NIR irradiated light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvesh Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering & Particle Engineering Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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