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Anderluzzi G, Ghitti M, Gasparri AM, Taiè G, Sacchi A, Gori A, Andolfo A, Pozzi F, Musco G, Curnis F, Corti A. A novel aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitor selectively targets an endothelial form of CD13 after coupling to proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:68. [PMID: 38289472 PMCID: PMC10827914 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N/CD13, a membrane-bound enzyme upregulated in tumor vasculature and involved in angiogenesis, can be used as a receptor for the targeted delivery of drugs to tumors through ligand-directed targeting approaches. We describe a novel peptide ligand (VGCARRYCS, called "G4") that recognizes CD13 with high affinity and selectivity. Enzymological and computational studies showed that G4 is a competitive inhibitor that binds to the catalytic pocket of CD13 through its N-terminal region. Fusing the peptide C-terminus to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) or coupling it to a biotin/avidin complex causes loss of binding and inhibitory activity against different forms of CD13, including natural or recombinant ectoenzyme and a membrane form expressed by HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells (likely due to steric hindrance), but not binding to a membrane form of CD13 expressed by endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, G4-TNF systemically administered to tumor-bearing mice exerted anticancer effects through a CD13-targeting mechanism, indicating the presence of a CD13 form in tumor vessels with an accessible binding site. Biochemical studies showed that most CD13 molecules expressed on the surface of ECs are catalytically inactive. Other functional assays showed that these molecules can promote endothelial cell adhesion to plates coated with G4-avidin complexes, suggesting that the endothelial form of CD13 can exert catalytically independent biological functions. In conclusion, ECs express a catalytically inactive form of CD13 characterized by an accessible conformation that can be selectively targeted by G4-protein conjugates. This form of CD13 may represent a specific target receptor for ligand-directed targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Group, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Taiè
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pozzi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Group, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Alfano M, Alchera E, Sacchi A, Gori A, Quilici G, Locatelli I, Venegoni C, Lucianò R, Gasparri AM, Colombo B, Taiè G, Jose J, Armanetti P, Menichetti L, Musco G, Salonia A, Corti A, Curnis F. A simple and robust nanosystem for photoacoustic imaging of bladder cancer based on α5β1-targeted gold nanorods. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:301. [PMID: 37635243 PMCID: PMC10463347 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and removal of bladder cancer in patients is crucial to prevent tumor recurrence and progression. Because current imaging techniques may fail to detect small lesions of in situ carcinomas, patients with bladder cancer often relapse after initial diagnosis, thereby requiring frequent follow-up and treatments. RESULTS In an attempt to obtain a sensitive and high-resolution imaging modality for bladder cancer, we have developed a photoacoustic imaging approach based on the use of PEGylated gold nanorods (GNRs) as a contrast agent, functionalized with the peptide cyclic [CphgisoDGRG] (Iso4), a selective ligand of α5β1 integrin expressed by bladder cancer cells. This product (called GNRs@PEG-Iso4) was produced by a simple two-step procedure based on GNRs activation with lipoic acid-polyethyleneglycol(PEG-5KDa)-maleimide and functionalization with peptide Iso4. Biochemical and biological studies showed that GNRs@PEG-Iso4 can efficiently recognize purified integrin α5β1 and α5β1-positive bladder cancer cells. GNRs@PEG-Iso4 was stable and did not aggregate in urine or in 5% sodium chloride, or after freeze/thaw cycles or prolonged exposure to 55 °C, and, even more importantly, do not settle after instillation into the bladder. Intravesical instillation of GNRs@PEG-Iso4 into mice bearing orthotopic MB49-Luc bladder tumors, followed by photoacoustic imaging, efficiently detected small cancer lesions. The binding to tumor lesions was competed by a neutralizing anti-α5β1 integrin antibody; furthermore, no binding was observed to healthy bladders (α5β1-negative), pointing to a specific targeting mechanism. CONCLUSION GNRs@PEG-Iso4 represents a simple and robust contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging and diagnosis of small bladder cancer lesions.
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Grants
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- Grant agreement No. 801126, EDIT European Union's Horizon 2020
- RF-2016-02361054 Ministero della Salute
- RF-2016-02361054 Ministero della Salute
- RF-2016-02361054 Ministero della Salute
- European Union’s Horizon 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Alfano
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Alchera
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Locatelli
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Venegoni
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Taiè
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Jithin Jose
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics Inc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Li Z, Yu H, Liu C, Wang C, Zeng X, Yan J, Sun Y. Efficiency co-delivery of ellagic acid and oxygen by a non-invasive liposome for ameliorating diabetic retinopathy. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:122987. [PMID: 37207860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications of diabetes, which has become the fourth leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Current treatment of DR relies on intravitreal injections of antiangiogenic agents, which has made considerable achievements in reducing visual impairment. However, long-term invasive injections require advanced technology and can lead to poor patient compliance as well as the incidence of ocular complications including bleeding, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and others. Hence, we developed non-invasive liposomes (EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo) for efficiency co-delivery of ellagic acid and oxygen, which can be administered intravenously or by eye drops. Among that, ellagic acid (EA), as an aldose reductase inhibitor, could remove excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose for preventing retinal cell apoptosis, as well as reduce retinal angiogenesis through the blockage of VEGFR2 signaling pathway; carried oxygen could ameliorate DR hypoxia, and further enhanced the anti-neovascularization efficacy. Our results showed that EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo not only effectively protected retinal cells from high glucose-induced damage, but also inhibited VEGF-induced vascular endothelial cells migration, invasion, and tube formation in vitro. In addition, in a hypoxic cell model, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo could reverse retinal cell hypoxia, thereby reducing the expression of VEGF. Significantly, after being administered as an injection or eye drops, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo obviously ameliorated the structure (central retinal thickness and retinal vascular network) of retina by eliminating ROS and down-regulating the expression of GFAP, HIF-1α, VEGF and p-VEGFR2 in a DR mouse model. In summary, EA-Hb/TAT&isoDGR-Lipo holds great potentials in improvement of DR, which provides a novel approach for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Changduo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xianhu Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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4
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Alchera E, Monieri M, Maturi M, Locatelli I, Locatelli E, Tortorella S, Sacchi A, Corti A, Nebuloni M, Lucianò R, Pederzoli F, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Meyer S, Jose J, Giustetto P, Franchini MC, Curnis F, Alfano M. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer by photoacoustic imaging of tumor-targeted gold nanorods. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100400. [PMID: 36386292 PMCID: PMC9649962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detection and removal of bladder cancer lesions at an early stage is crucial for preventing tumor relapse and progression. This study aimed to develop a new technological platform for the visualization of small and flat urothelial lesions of high-grade bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS). We found that the integrin α5β1, overexpressed in bladder cancer cell lines, murine orthotopic bladder cancer and human bladder CIS, can be exploited as a receptor for targeted delivery of GNRs functionalized with the cyclic CphgisoDGRG peptide (Iso4). The GNRs@Chit-Iso4 was stable in urine and selectively recognized α5β1 positive neoplastic urothelium, while low frequency ultrasound-assisted shaking of intravesically instilled GNRs@Chit-Iso4 allowed the distribution of nanoparticles across the entire volume of the bladder. Photoacoustic imaging of GNRs@Chit-Iso4 bound to tumor cells allowed for the detection of neoplastic lesions smaller than 0.5 mm that were undetectable by ultrasound imaging and bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alchera
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Monieri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Maturi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Locatelli
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Tortorella
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Meyer
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics Inc., Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jithin Jose
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics Inc., Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Unit of Urology, URI, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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5
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Cytokine Therapy Combined with Nanomaterials Participates in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122606. [PMID: 36559100 PMCID: PMC9788370 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has gradually become an emerging treatment modality for tumors after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Cytokine therapy is a promising treatment for cancer immunotherapy. Currently, there are many preclinical theoretical bases to support this treatment strategy and a variety of cytokines in clinical trials. When cytokines were applied to tumor immunotherapy, it was found that the efficacy was not satisfactory. As research on tumor immunity has deepened, the role of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment has been further explored. Meanwhile, the study of nanomaterials in drug delivery has been fully developed in the past 20 years. Researchers have begun to think about the possibility of combining cytokine therapy with nanomaterials. Herein, we briefly review various nano-delivery systems that can directly deliver cytokines or regulate the expression of cytokines in tumor cells for cancer immunotherapy. We further discussed the feasibility of the combination of various therapies. We looked forward to the main challenges, opportunities, and prospects of tumor immunotherapy with multiple cytokines and a nano-delivery system.
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6
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Zuppone S, Assalini C, Minici C, Botrugno OA, Curnis F, Degano M, Corti A, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Vago R. A Novel RGD-4C-Saporin Conjugate Inhibits Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846958. [PMID: 35480108 PMCID: PMC9035931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although toxin may have some advantages compared to chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy, e.g. a potent cytotoxic activity and a reduced risk of resistance, their successful application in the treatments to solid tumors still remains to be fully demonstrated. In this study, we genetically modified the structure of the plant-derived single-chain ribosome inactivating protein saporin (SAP) by fusing its N-terminus to the ACDCRGDCFCG peptide (RGD-4C), an αv-integrin ligand, and explored the anti-tumor activity of the resulting protein (called RGD-SAP) in vitro and in vivo, using a model of muscle invasive bladder cancer. We found that the RGD-4C targeting domain enhances the cytotoxic activity of SAP against various tumor cell lines, in a manner dependent on αv-integrin expression levels. In a subcutaneous syngeneic model of bladder cancer, RGD-SAP significantly reduced tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, systemic administration of RGD-SAP in combination with mitomycin C, a chemotherapeutic drug currently used to treat patients with bladder cancer, increased the survival of mice bearing orthotopic bladder cancer with no evidence of systemic toxicity. Overall, the results suggest that RGD-SAP represents an efficient drug that could be exploited, either alone or in combination with the state-of-the-art therapies, for the treatment of bladder cancer and, potentially, of other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zuppone
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Assalini
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Minici
- Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Degano
- Biocrystallography Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Vago,
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Bucci R, Maggioni D, Locarno S, Ferretti AM, Gelmi ML, Pellegrino S. Exploiting Ultrashort α,β-Peptides in the Colloidal Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11365-11373. [PMID: 34533956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have found wide-ranging applications in nanomedicine due to their unique optical properties, ease of preparation, and functionalization. To avoid the formation of GNP aggregates in the physiological environment, molecules such as lipids, polysaccharides, or polymers are employed as GNP coatings. Here, we present the colloidal stabilization of GNPs using ultrashort α,β-peptides containing the repeating unit of a diaryl β2,3-amino acid and characterized by an extended conformation. Differently functionalized GNPs have been characterized by ultraviolet, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy analysis, allowing us to define the best candidate that inhibits the aggregation of GNPs not only in water but also in mouse serum. In particular, a short tripeptide was found to be able to stabilize GNPs in physiological media over 3 months. This new system has been further capped with albumin, obtaining a material with even more colloidal stability and ability to prevent the formation of a thick protein corona in physiological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bucci
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Locarno
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ″Giulio Natta″, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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8
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Sacchi A, Gasparri AM, Monieri M, Anderluzzi G, Colombo B, Gori A, Corti A, Curnis F. Nanogold Functionalized With Lipoamide- isoDGR: A Simple, Robust and Versatile Nanosystem for αvβ3-Integrin Targeting. Front Chem 2021; 9:690357. [PMID: 34124009 PMCID: PMC8194705 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.690357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles functionalized with isoDGR, a tripeptide motif that recognizes αvβ3 integrin overexpressed in tumor vessels, have been used as nano-vectors for the delivery of cytokines to tumors. Functionalization of nanogold with this peptide has been achieved by coating nanoparticles with a peptide-albumin conjugate consisting of heterogeneous molecules with a variable number of linkers and peptides. To reduce nanodrug heterogeneity we have designed, produced and preclinically evaluated a homogeneous and well-defined reagent for nanogold functionalization, consisting of a head-to-tail cyclized CGisoDGRG peptide (iso1) coupled via its thiol group to maleimide-PEG11-lipoamide (LPA). The resulting iso1-PEG11-LPA compound can react with nanogold via lipoamide to form a stable bond. In vitro studies have shown that iso1, after coupling to nanogold, maintains its capability to bind purified αvβ3 and αvβ3-expressing cells. Nanogold functionalized with this peptide can also be loaded with bioactive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) to form a bi-functional nanodrug that can be stored for three days at 37°C or >1 year at low temperatures with no loss αvβ3-binding properties and TNF-cytolytic activity. Nanoparticles functionalized with both iso1 and TNF induced tumor eradication in WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma-bearing mice more efficiently than nanoparticles lacking the iso1 targeting moiety. These results suggest that iso1-PEG11-LPA is an efficient and well-defined reagent that can be used to produce robust and more homogeneous nano-vectors for the delivery of TNF and other cytokines to αvβ3 positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Colombo
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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9
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Corti A, Sacchi A, Gasparri AM, Monieri M, Anderluzzi G, Colombo B, Gori A, Mondino A, Curnis F. Enhancement of doxorubicin anti-cancer activity by vascular targeting using IsoDGR/cytokine-coated nanogold. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:128. [PMID: 33952242 PMCID: PMC8097910 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanospheres tagged with peptides containing isoDGR (isoAsp-Gly-Arg), an αvβ3 integrin binding motif, represent efficient carriers for delivering pro-inflammatory cytokines to the tumor vasculature. We prepared bi- or trifunctional nanoparticles bearing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and/or interleukin-12 (IL12) plus a peptide containing isoDGR, and we tested their anti-cancer effects, alone or in combination with doxorubicin, in tumor-bearing mice. Results In vitro biochemical studies showed that both nanodrugs were monodispersed and functional in terms of binding to TNF and IL12 receptors and to αvβ3. In vivo studies performed in a murine model of fibrosarcoma showed that low doses of bifunctional nanoparticles bearing isoDGR and TNF (corresponding to few nanoparticles per cell) delayed tumor growth and increased the efficacy of doxorubicin without worsening its toxicity. Similar effects were obtained using trifunctional nanoparticles loaded with isoDGR, TNF and IL12. Mechanistic studies showed that nanoparticles bearing isoDGR and TNF could increase doxorubicin penetration in tumors a few hours after injection and caused vascular damage at later time points. Conclusion IsoDGR-coated gold nanospheres can be exploited as a versatile platform for single- or multi-cytokine delivery to cells of the tumor vasculature. Extremely low doses of isoDGR-coated nanodrugs functionalized with TNF or TNF plus IL12 can enhance doxorubicin anti-tumor activity. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00871-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Colombo
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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11
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Damjanovic J, Miao J, Huang H, Lin YS. Elucidating Solution Structures of Cyclic Peptides Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2292-2324. [PMID: 33426882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are vital to biological processes, but the shape and size of their interfaces make them hard to target using small molecules. Cyclic peptides have shown promise as protein-protein interaction modulators, as they can bind protein surfaces with high affinity and specificity. Dozens of cyclic peptides are already FDA approved, and many more are in various stages of development as immunosuppressants, antibiotics, antivirals, or anticancer drugs. However, most cyclic peptide drugs so far have been natural products or derivatives thereof, with de novo design having proven challenging. A key obstacle is structural characterization: cyclic peptides frequently adopt multiple conformations in solution, which are difficult to resolve using techniques like NMR spectroscopy. The lack of solution structural information prevents a thorough understanding of cyclic peptides' sequence-structure-function relationship. Here we review recent development and application of molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling to studying the solution structures of cyclic peptides. We describe novel computational methods capable of sampling cyclic peptides' conformational space and provide examples of computational studies that relate peptides' sequence and structure to biological activity. We demonstrate that molecular dynamics simulations have grown from an explanatory technique to a full-fledged tool for systematic studies at the forefront of cyclic peptide therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Damjanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jiayuan Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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12
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Gasparri AM, Sacchi A, Basso V, Cortesi F, Freschi M, Rrapaj E, Bellone M, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Mondino A, Corti A, Curnis F. Boosting Interleukin-12 Antitumor Activity and Synergism with Immunotherapy by Targeted Delivery with isoDGR-Tagged Nanogold. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903462. [PMID: 31523920 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of interleukin-12 (IL12), a cytokine endowed with potent immunotherapeutic anticancer activity, is limited by systemic toxicity. The hypothesis is addressed that gold nanoparticles tagged with a tumor-homing peptide containing isoDGR, an αvβ3-integrin binding motif, can be exploited for delivering IL12 to tumors and improving its therapeutic index. To this aim, gold nanospheres are functionalized with the head-to-tail cyclized-peptide CGisoDGRG (Iso1) and murine IL12. The resulting nanodrug (Iso1/Au/IL12) is monodispersed, stable, and bifunctional in terms of αvβ3 and IL12-receptor recognition. Low-dose Iso1/Au/IL12, equivalent to 18-75 pg of IL12, induces antitumor effects in murine models of fibrosarcomas and mammary adenocarcinomas, with no evidence of toxicity. Equivalent doses of Au/IL12 (a nanodrug lacking Iso1) fail to delay tumor growth, whereas 15 000 pg of free IL12 is necessary to achieve similar effects. Iso1/Au/IL12 significantly increases tumor infiltration by innate immune cells, such as NK and iNKT cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. NK cell depletion completely inhibits its antitumor effects. Low-dose Iso1/Au/IL12 can also increase the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in mice with autochthonous prostate cancer. These findings indicate that coupling IL12 to isoDGR-tagged nanogold is a valid strategy for enhancing its therapeutic index and sustaining adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Veronica Basso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Eltjona Rrapaj
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Höltke
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Nardelli F, Paissoni C, Quilici G, Gori A, Traversari C, Valentinis B, Sacchi A, Corti A, Curnis F, Ghitti M, Musco G. Succinimide-Based Conjugates Improve IsoDGR Cyclopeptide Affinity to α vβ 3 without Promoting Integrin Allosteric Activation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7474-7485. [PMID: 29883545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The isoDGR sequence is an integrin-binding motif that has been successfully employed as a tumor-vasculature-homing molecule or for the targeted delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents to tumors. In this context, we previously demonstrated that cyclopeptide 2, the product of the conjugation of c(CGisoDGRG) (1) to 4-( N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxamide, can be successfully used as a tumor-homing ligand for nanodrug delivery to neoplastic tissues. Here, combining NMR, computational, and biochemical methods, we show that the succinimide ring contained in 2 contributes to stabilizing interactions with αvβ3, an integrin overexpressed in the tumor vasculature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that various cyclopeptides containing the isoDGR sequence embedded in different molecular scaffolds do not induce αvβ3 allosteric activation and work as pure integrin antagonists. These results could be profitably exploited for the rational design of novel isoDGR-based ligands and tumor-targeting molecules with improved αvβ3-binding properties and devoid of adverse integrin-activating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Via Mario Bianco 9 , 20131 Milan , Italy
| | | | | | - Angelina Sacchi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Via Olgettina 60 , 20132 Milan , Italy
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15
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Schnittert J, Bansal R, Storm G, Prakash J. Integrins in wound healing, fibrosis and tumor stroma: High potential targets for therapeutics and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:37-53. [PMID: 29414674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process, which ultimately leads to fibrosis if not repaired well. Pathologically very similar to fibrosis is the tumor stroma, found in several solid tumors which are regarded as wounds that do not heal. Integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors which control various physiological cellular functions. Additionally, integrins also sense ECM-induced extracellular changes during pathological events, leading to cellular responses, which influence ECM remodeling. The purpose and scope of this review is to introduce integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery within the scope of wound healing, fibrosis and the tumor stroma. This review provides a general introduction to the biology of integrins including their types, ligands, means of signaling and interaction with growth factor receptors. Furthermore, we highlight integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery, based on their biological role, expression pattern within human tissues and at cellular level. Next, therapeutic approaches targeting integrins, with a focus on clinical studies, and targeted drug delivery strategies based on ligands are described.
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16
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Corti A, Gasparri AM, Ghitti M, Sacchi A, Sudati F, Fiocchi M, Buttiglione V, Perani L, Gori A, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Pastorino F, Ponzoni M, Musco G, Curnis F. Glycine N-methylation in NGR-Tagged Nanocarriers Prevents Isoaspartate formation and Integrin Binding without Impairing CD13 Recognition and Tumor Homing. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1701245. [PMID: 28979182 PMCID: PMC5624507 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201701245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NGR (asparagine-glycine-arginine) is a tumor vasculature-homing peptide motif widely used for the functionalization of drugs, nanomaterials and imaging compounds for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Unfortunately, this motif has a strong propensity to undergo rapid deamidation. This reaction, which converts NGR into isoDGR, is associated with receptor switching from CD13 to integrins, with potentially important manufacturing, pharmacological and toxicological implications. It is found that glycine N-methylation of NGR-tagged nanocarriers completely prevents asparagine deamidation without impairing CD13 recognition. Studies in animal models have shown that the methylated NGR motif can be exploited for delivering radiolabeled compounds and nanocarriers, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-bearing nanogold and liposomal doxorubicin, to tumors with improved selectivity. These findings suggest that this NGR derivative is a stable and efficient tumor-homing ligand that can be used for delivering functional nanomaterials to tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gasparri
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Francesco Sudati
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Fiocchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Perani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
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17
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An FF, Zhang XH. Strategies for Preparing Albumin-based Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Bioimaging and Drug Delivery. Theranostics 2017; 7:3667-3689. [PMID: 29109768 PMCID: PMC5667340 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosafety is the primary concern in clinical translation of nanomedicine. As an intrinsic ingredient of human blood without immunogenicity and encouraged by its successful clinical application in Abraxane, albumin has been regarded as a promising material to produce nanoparticles for bioimaging and drug delivery. The strategies for synthesizing albumin-based nanoparticles could be generally categorized into five classes: template, nanocarrier, scaffold, stabilizer and albumin-polymer conjugate. This review introduces approaches utilizing albumin in the preparation of nanoparticles and thereby provides scientists with knowledge of goal-driven design on albumin-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei An
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
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18
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Zanella S, Angerani S, Pina A, López Rivas P, Giannini C, Panzeri S, Arosio D, Caruso M, Gasparri F, Fraietta I, Albanese C, Marsiglio A, Pignataro L, Belvisi L, Piarulli U, Gennari C. Tumor Targeting with an isoDGR-Drug Conjugate. Chemistry 2017; 23:7910-7914. [PMID: 28449309 PMCID: PMC5488297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of an isoDGR-drug conjugate (2), designed to release paclitaxel selectively within cancer cells expressing integrin αV β3 . Conjugate 2 was synthesized by connecting the isoDGR peptidomimetic 5 with paclitaxel via the lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala dipeptide linker. Conjugate 2 displayed a low nanomolar affinity for the purified integrin αV β3 receptor (IC50 =11.0 nm). The tumor targeting ability of conjugate 2 was assessed in vitro in anti-proliferative assays on two isogenic cancer cell lines characterized by different integrin αV β3 expression: human glioblastoma U87 (αV β3 +) and U87 β3 -KO (αV β3 -). The isoDGR-PTX conjugate 2 displayed a remarkable targeting index (TI=9.9), especially when compared to the strictly related RGD-PTX conjugate 4 (TI=2.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zanella
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Simona Angerani
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Clelia Giannini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Silvia Panzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)CNRVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Ivan Fraietta
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Clara Albanese
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | | | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
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19
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Succinimide Formation from an NGR-Containing Cyclic Peptide: Computational Evidence for Catalytic Roles of Phosphate Buffer and the Arginine Side Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020429. [PMID: 28212316 PMCID: PMC5343963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif and its deamidation product isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) have recently attracted considerable attention as tumor-targeting ligands. Because an NGR-containing peptide and the corresponding isoDGR-containing peptide target different receptors, the spontaneous NGR deamidation can be used in dual targeting strategies. It is well known that the Asn deamidation proceeds via a succinimide derivative. In the present study, we computationally investigated the mechanism of succinimide formation from a cyclic peptide, c[CH2CO-NGRC]-NH2, which has recently been shown to undergo rapid deamidation in a phosphate buffer. An H2PO4− ion was explicitly included in the calculations. We employed the density functional theory using the B3LYP functional. While geometry optimizations were performed in the gas phase, hydration Gibbs energies were calculated by the SM8 (solvation model 8) continuum model. We have found a pathway leading to the five-membered ring tetrahedral intermediate in which both the H2PO4− ion and the Arg side chain act as catalyst. This intermediate, once protonated at the NH2 group on the five-membered ring, was shown to easily undergo NH3 elimination leading to the succinimide formation. This study is the first to propose a possible catalytic role for the Arg side chain in the NGR deamidation.
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20
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Roveri M, Bernasconi M, Leroux JC, Luciani P. Peptides for tumor-specific drug targeting: state of the art and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4348-4364. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the most recent advances in peptide-mediated tumor-targeting and gives insight into the direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Roveri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research
| | - Michele Bernasconi
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research
- Children's Research Center
- University Children's Hospital Zurich
- 8032 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Paola Luciani
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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21
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Vago R, Collico V, Zuppone S, Prosperi D, Colombo M. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of suicide genes in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:619-641. [PMID: 27436147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics have been employed in cancer treatment for decades due to their efficacy in killing the malignant cells, but the other side of the coin showed off-target effects, onset of drug resistance and recurrences. To overcome these limitations, different approaches have been investigated and suicide gene therapy has emerged as a promising alternative. This approach consists in the introduction of genetic materials into cancerous cells or the surrounding tissue to cause cell death or retard the growth of the tumor mass. Despite promising results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, this innovative approach has been limited, for long time, to the treatment of localized tumors, due to the suboptimal efficiency in introducing suicide genes into cancer cells. Nanoparticles represent a valuable non-viral delivery system to protect drugs in the bloodstream, to improve biodistribution, and to limit side effects by achieving target selectivity through surface ligands. In this scenario, the real potential of suicide genes can be translated into clinically viable treatments for patients. In the present review, we summarize the recent advances of inorganic nanoparticles as non-viral vectors in terms of therapeutic efficacy, targeting capacity and safety issues. We describe the main suicide genes currently used in therapy, with particular emphasis on toxin-encoding genes of bacterial and plant origin. In addition, we discuss the relevance of molecular targeting and tumor-restricted expression to improve treatment specificity to cancer tissue. Finally, we analyze the main clinical applications, limitations and future perspectives of suicide gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vago
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, I-20132, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Urologica, Divisione di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Collico
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Zuppone
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Urologica, Divisione di Oncologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Zhao H, Gao H, Zhai L, Liu X, Jia B, Shi J, Wang F. 99mTc-HisoDGR as a Potential SPECT Probe for Orthotopic Glioma Detection via Targeting of Integrin α5β1. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1259-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hannan Gao
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luoping Zhai
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xujie Liu
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules,
Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical
Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key
Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules,
Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Curnis F, Fiocchi M, Sacchi A, Gori A, Gasparri A, Corti A. NGR-tagged nano-gold: A new CD13-selective carrier for cytokine delivery to tumors. NANO RESEARCH 2016; 9:1393-1408. [PMID: 27226823 PMCID: PMC4876925 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-016-1035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gold (Au), a well-tolerated nanomaterial, is currently exploited for several applications in nanomedicine. We show that gold nanoparticles tagged with a novel tumor-homing peptide containing Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR), a ligand of CD13 expressed by the tumor neovasculature, can be exploited as carriers for cytokine delivery to tumors. Biochemical and functional studies showed that the NGR molecular scaffold/linker used for gold functionalization is critical for CD13 recognition. Using fibrosarcoma-bearing mice, NGR-tagged nanodrugs could deliver extremely low, yet pharmacologically active doses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an anticancer cytokine, to tumors with no evidence of toxicity. Mechanistic studies confirmed that CD13 targeting was a primary mechanism of drug delivery and excluded a major role of integrin targeting consequent to NGR deamidation, a degradation reaction that generates the isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) integrin ligand. NGR-tagged gold nanoparticles can be used, in principle, as a novel platform for single- or multi-cytokine delivery to tumor endothelial cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Address correspondence to Flavio Curnis, ; Angelo Corti,
| | - Martina Fiocchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Angelina Sacchi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Anna Gasparri
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan
- Address correspondence to Flavio Curnis, ; Angelo Corti,
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24
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Arosio D, Casagrande C. Advancement in integrin facilitated drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:111-43. [PMID: 26686830 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research of integrin-targeted anticancer agents has recorded important advancements in ingenious design of delivery systems, based either on the prodrug approach, or on nanoparticle carriers, but for now, none of these has reached a clinical stage of development. Past work in this area has been extensively reviewed by us and others. Thus, the purpose and scope of the present review is to survey the advancement reported in the last 3years, with focus on innovative delivery systems that appear to afford openings for future developments. These systems exploit the labelling with conventional and novel integrin ligands for targeting the interface of cancer cells and of endothelial cells involved in cancer angiogenesis, with the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in the circulation, in tissues, and in tumour stroma, as the site of progression and metastatic evolution of the disease. Furthermore, these systems implement the expertise in the development of nanomedicines to the purpose of achieving preferential biodistribution and uptake in cancer tissues, internalisation in cancer cells, and release of the transported drugs at intracellular sites. The assessment of the value of controlling these factors, and their combination, for future developments requires support of biological testing in appropriate mechanistic models, but also imperatively demand confirmation in therapeutically relevant in vivo models for biodistribution, efficacy, and lack of off-target effects. Thus, among many studies, we have tried to point out the results supported by relevant in vivo studies, and we have emphasised in specific sections those addressing the medical needs of drug delivery to brain tumours, as well as the delivery of oligonucleotides modulating gene-dependent pathological mechanism. The latter could constitute the basis of a promising third branch in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer, in addition to antibody-based agents and to cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), CNR, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cesare Casagrande
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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25
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Du Y, Zhang Q, Jing L, Liang X, Chi C, Li Y, Yang X, Dai Z, Tian J. GX1-conjugated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating Endostar for improved in vivo anticolorectal cancer treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3791-802. [PMID: 26060399 PMCID: PMC4454195 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis; thus, targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis is an important goal in cancer therapy. However, the efficient delivery of drugs to tumors remains a key issue in antiangiogenesis therapy. GX1, a peptide identified by phage-display technology, is a novel tumor vasculature endothelium-specific ligand and possesses great potential as a targeted vector and antiangiogenic agent in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers. Endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin, has been shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we developed a theranostic agent composed of GX1-conjugated poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles encapsulating Endostar (GPENs) and labeled with the near-infrared dye IRDye 800CW to improve colorectal tumor targeting and treatment efficacy in vivo. The in vivo fluorescence molecular imaging data showed that GPENs (IRDye 800CW) more specifically targeted tumors than free IRDye 800CW in colorectal tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistology, revealing that GPENs possessed improved antitumor efficacy on subcutaneous colorectal xenografts compared to other treatment groups. Thus, our study showed that GPENs, a novel GX1 peptide guided form of nanoscale Endostar, can be used as a theranostic agent to facilitate more efficient targeted therapy and enable real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijia Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The state Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Jachetti E, Caputo S, Mazzoleni S, Brambillasca CS, Parigi SM, Grioni M, Piras IS, Restuccia U, Calcinotto A, Freschi M, Bachi A, Galli R, Bellone M. Tenascin-C Protects Cancer Stem-like Cells from Immune Surveillance by Arresting T-cell Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2095-108. [PMID: 25808872 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Precociously disseminated cancer cells may seed quiescent sites of future metastasis if they can protect themselves from immune surveillance. However, there is little knowledge about how such sites might be achieved. Here, we present evidence that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSC) can be found in histopathologically negative prostate draining lymph nodes (PDLN) in mice harboring oncogene-driven prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN). PDLN-derived CSCs were phenotypically and functionally identical to CSC obtained from mPIN lesions, but distinct from CSCs obtained from frank prostate tumors. CSC derived from either PDLN or mPIN used the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin-C (TNC) to inhibit T-cell receptor-dependent T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Mechanistically, TNC interacted with α5β1 integrin on the cell surface of T cells, inhibiting reorganization of the actin-based cytoskeleton therein required for proper T-cell activation. CSC from both PDLN and mPIN lesions also expressed CXCR4 and migrated in response to its ligand CXCL12, which was overexpressed in PDLN upon mPIN development. CXCR4 was critical for the development of PDLN-derived CSC, as in vivo administration of CXCR4 inhibitors prevented establishment in PDLN of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Taken together, our work establishes a pivotal role for TNC in tuning the local immune response to establish equilibrium between disseminated nodal CSC and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jachetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Caputo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzoleni
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Neural Stem Cell Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Svetlana Brambillasca
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Martina Parigi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Restuccia
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Unità Operativa Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Galli
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Neural Stem Cell Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Yan L, Zhang J, Lee CS, Chen X. Micro- and nanotechnologies for intracellular delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4487-504. [PMID: 25168360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of drugs and biomolecules need to be delivered into cells to be effective. However, the cell membranes, a biological barrier, strictly resist drugs or biomolecules entering cells, resulting in significantly reduced intracellular delivery efficiency. To overcome this barrier, a variety of intracellular delivery approaches including chemical and physical ways have been developed in recent years. In this review, the focus is on summarizing the nanomaterial routes involved in making use of a collection of receptors for the targeted delivery of drugs and biomolecules and the physical ways of applying micro- and nanotechnologies for high-throughput intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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28
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Wang S, Gong G, Su H, Liu W, Wang Z, Li L. Self-assembly of plasma protein through disulfide bond breaking and its use as a nanocarrier for lipophilic drugs. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Ang CY, Tan SY, Wang X, Zhang Q, Khan M, Bai L, Tamil Selvan S, Ma X, Zhu L, Nguyen KT, Tan NS, Zhao Y. Supramolecular nanoparticle carriers self-assembled from cyclodextrin- and adamantane-functionalized polyacrylates for tumor-targeted drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1879-1890. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21325k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Corti A, Curnis F, Rossoni G, Marcucci F, Gregorc V. Peptide-mediated targeting of cytokines to tumor vasculature: the NGR-hTNF example. BioDrugs 2013; 27:591-603. [PMID: 23743670 PMCID: PMC3832761 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the efficacy of cytokines in cancer therapy can be increased by targeting strategies based on conjugation with ligands that recognize receptors expressed by tumor cells or elements of the tumor microenvironment, including the tumor vasculature. The targeting approach is generally conceived to permit administration of low, yet pharmacologically active, doses of drugs, thereby avoiding toxic reactions. However, it is becoming clear that, in the case of cytokines, this strategy has another inherent advantage, i.e. the possibility of administering extremely low doses that do not activate systemic counter-regulatory mechanisms, which may limit their potential therapeutic effects. This review is focused on the use of tumor vasculature-homing peptides as vehicles for targeted delivery of cytokines to tumor blood vessel. In particular, we provide an overview of peptide-cytokine conjugates made with peptides containing the NGR, RGD, isoDGR or RGR sequences and describe, in more details, the biological and pharmacological properties of NGR-hTNF, a peptide-tumor necrosis factor-α conjugate that is currently being tested in phase II and III clinical studies. The results of preclinical and clinical studies performed with these products suggest that peptide-mediated vascular-targeting is indeed a viable strategy for delivering bioactive amounts of cytokines to tumor endothelial cells without causing the activation of counter-regulatory mechanisms and toxic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Corti
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy,
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31
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Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Beer AJ, Curnis F, Pohle K, D'Alessandria C, Wester HJ, Reuning U, Corti A, Schwaiger M, Kessler H. Selective imaging of the angiogenic relevant integrins α5β1 and αvβ3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11656-9. [PMID: 24115324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pattern seekers: For the two angiogenic relevant integrins α5β1 and αvβ3, functionalized derivatives of the selective antagonists 1 and 2 could target and discriminate between tumor cells in vivo based on their different integrin patterns and also delay tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the first α5β1-selective integrin antagonist that enables specific molecular imaging by positron emission tomography was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching (Germany) http://www.org.chemie.tu-muenchen.de
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32
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Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Beer AJ, Curnis F, Pohle K, D'Alessandria C, Wester HJ, Reuning U, Corti A, Schwaiger M, Kessler H. Selektive Bildgebung der angiogenetisch relevanten Integrine α5β1 und αvβ3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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