1
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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2
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Li P, Kang Z, Rao F, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Nanowelding in Whole-Lifetime Bottom-Up Manufacturing: From Assembly to Service. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100654. [PMID: 34927947 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous miniaturization of microelectronics is pushing the transformation of nanomanufacturing modes from top-down to bottom-up. Bottom-up manufacturing is essentially the way of assembling nanostructures from atoms, clusters, quantum dots, etc. The assembly process relies on nanowelding which also existed in the synthesis process of nanostructures, construction and repair of nanonetworks, interconnects, integrated circuits, and nanodevices. First, many kinds of novel nanomaterials and nanostructures from 0D to 1D, and even 2D are synthesized by nanowelding. Second, the connection of nanostructures and interfaces between metal/semiconductor-metal/semiconductor is realized through low-temperature heat-assisted nanowelding, mechanical-assisted nanowelding, or cold welding. Finally, 2D and 3D interconnects, flexible transparent electrodes, integrated circuits, and nanodevices are constructed, functioned, or self-healed by nanowelding. All of the three nanomanufacturing stages follow the rule of "oriented attachment" mechanisms. Thus, the whole-lifetime bottom-up manufacturing process from the synthesis and connection of nanostructures to the construction and service of nanodevices can be organically integrated by nanowelding. The authors hope this review can bring some new perspective in future semiconductor industrialization development in the expansion of multi-material systems, technology pathway for the refined design, controlled synthesis and in situ characterization of complex nanostructures, and the strategies to develop and repair novel nanodevices in service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Feng Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Nanomanufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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3
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Rapid fabrication of high-performance transparent electrodes by electrospinning of reactive silver ink containing nanofibers. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Chen W, Liu LX, Zhang HB, Yu ZZ. Flexible, Transparent, and Conductive Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Silver Nanowire Films with Smart Acoustic Sensitivity for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16643-16653. [PMID: 32453550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although flexible, transparent, and conductive materials are increasingly required for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications in foldable and wearable electronics, it remains a great challenge to achieve outstanding shielding performances while retaining high light transmittances. Herein, a multiscale structure optimization strategy is proposed to fabricate a transparent and conductive silver nanowire (AgNW) film with both high EMI shielding performance and high light transmittance by a scalable spray-coating technique. By decorating with a Ti3C2Tx MXene coating, the connection and integrity of the AgNW network are greatly improved by welding the nanowire junctions. Compared to a neat AgNW film (21 dB) with the same AgNW density, the Ti3C2Tx MXene-welded AgNW film shows a much higher EMI shielding performance (34 dB) with better mechanical and environmental stabilities. Furthermore, the layered structure design on the macroscopic scale results in an even higher EMI shielding efficiency of 49.2 dB with a high light transmittance of ∼83%. With the Ti3C2Tx MXene coating and the PET substrate as a triboelectric pair, the layered structure offers great flexibility for the transparent film to integrate smart sound monitoring capability. Therefore, the combination of excellent EMI shielding performance, high light transmittance, and sensitive pressure response makes the Ti3C2Tx MXene-welded AgNW films promising for many potential applications in next-generation electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liu-Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Yang Y, Chen S, Li W, Li P, Ma J, Li B, Zhao X, Ju Z, Chang H, Xiao L, Xu H, Liu Y. Reduced Graphene Oxide Conformally Wrapped Silver Nanowire Networks for Flexible Transparent Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8754-8765. [PMID: 32538618 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire networks (MNNs) are promising as transparent electrode materials for a diverse range of optoelectronic devices and also work as active materials for electrical heating and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. However, the relatively low performance and poor durability of MNNs are limiting the practical application of the resulting devices. Here, we report a controllable approach to enhance the conductivity and the stability of MNNs with their transmittance remaining unchanged, in which reduced graphene oxide conformally wrapped silver nanowire networks (AgNW@rGO networks) are synthesized by selective electrodeposition of GO nanosheets on AgNWs followed by a pulsed laser irradiation treatment. Experimental characterizations and finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that pulsed laser irradiation at a specific wavelength not only reduces the GO but also welds the AgNWs together through a surface plasmon resonance process. As a result, the AgNW@rGO networks exhibit low sheet resistance of 3.3 Ω/□, average transmittance of 91.1%, and good flexibility. Wrapping with rGO improves the maximum electrical heating temperature of the AgNW network transparent heaters due to the effective suppression of the oxidation and the migration of surface silver atoms. In addition, excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of up to 35.5 dB in the 8.2-12.4 GHz frequency range is obtained as a consequence of the combined effects of dual reflection, conduction loss, and multiple dielectric polarization relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator and World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki 3050044, Japan
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Bingsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongshi Ju
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Huicong Chang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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Ge Y, Liu J, Liu X, Hu J, Duan X, Duan X. Rapid Electrochemical Cleaning Silver Nanowire Thin Films for High-Performance Transparent Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12251-12257. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Park J, Han D, Choi S, Kim Y, Kwak J. Flexible transparent film heaters using a ternary composite of silver nanowire, conducting polymer, and conductive oxide. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5731-5737. [PMID: 35515898 PMCID: PMC9060799 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific and technological advances in transparent conductive electrodes improve the heating performance of flexible transparent film heaters (TFHs), which can be utilized for various applications as defrosters and heaters. To achieve high performance as well as practical TFHs, several conditions, such as high optical transmittance, low electrical resistance, heating uniformity, and operational stability in various environmental conditions should be satisfied. However, due to the trade-offs between optical transmittance and electrical resistance, it is not easy to fulfill all the requirements concurrently. Here we report flexible TFHs using a ternary composite of silver nanowire (AgNW), conducting polymer (i.e., poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene]:polystyrene sulfonate [PEDOT:PSS]), and a thin conductive oxide (i.e., indium tin oxide [ITO]) layer, exhibiting higher performance in terms of the maximum heating temperature (>110 °C), operational stability, mechanical flexibility, and optical transmittance (95% at 550 nm), compared to pristine AgNW-based TFHs. We also demonstrated the stable operation of the AgNW–PEDOT:PSS/ITO TFHs soaked in water, showing excellent environmental stability. To analyse the fundamental mechanisms for the improved performance of the AgNW–PEDOT:PSS/ITO TFHs, we investigated the progress of joule heating using a device simulator, and found that the improvement originated not only from reduced electrical resistance but also from enhanced heat dissipation with PEDOT:PSS and ITO. We anticipate that our analysis and results will be helpful for further development of practical flexible TFHs. A high-performance flexible thin film heater using AgNW–PEDOT:PSS/ITO, exhibiting stable operation in water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Park
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul 02504
- South Korea
| | - Dongjun Han
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul 02504
- South Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- Department of Electronics Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- South Korea
| | - Yunkyung Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul 02504
- South Korea
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8
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Youn DY, Jung U, Naqi M, Choi SJ, Lee MG, Lee S, Park HJ, Kim ID, Kim S. Wireless Real-Time Temperature Monitoring of Blood Packages: Silver Nanowire-Embedded Flexible Temperature Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44678-44685. [PMID: 30489065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Real-time temperature monitoring of individual blood packages capable of wireless data transmission to ensure the safety of blood samples and minimize wastes has become a critical issue in recent years. In this work, we propose flexible temperature sensors using silver nanowires (NWs) and a flexible colorless polyimide (CPI) film integrated with a wireless data transmission circuit. The unique design of the temperature sensors was achieved by patterning Ag NWs using a three-dimensional printed mold and embedding the patterned Ag NWs in the CPI film (p-Ag NWs/CPI), which resulted in a flexible temperature sensor with electrical, mechanical, and temperature stability for applications in blood temperature monitoring. Indeed, a reliable resistance change of the p-Ag NWs/CPI was observed in the temperature range of -20 to 20 °C with a robust bending stability of up to 5000 cycles at 5 mm bending radius. Real-time and wireless temperature monitoring using the p-Ag NWs/CPI was demonstrated with the packages of rat blood. The result revealed that the stable and consistent temperature monitoring of individual blood packages could be achieved in a blood box, which was mainly attributed to the conformal attachment of the p-Ag NWs/CPI to different packages in a blood container.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Young Youn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Uihyun Jung
- Multi-Functional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Gyeonggi 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Naqi
- Multi-Functional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Gyeonggi 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Convergence System R&D Division , Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Gyeonggi 13509 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- Convergence System R&D Division , Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Gyeonggi 13509 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Nanosensor Research Center, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- Multi-Functional Nano Bio Electronics Lab, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University , Gyeonggi 16419 , Republic of Korea
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9
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Lee DJ, Oh Y, Hong JM, Park YW, Ju BK. Light sintering of ultra-smooth and robust silver nanowire networks embedded in poly(vinyl-butyral) for flexible OLED. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14170. [PMID: 30242190 PMCID: PMC6155039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A conductive, uniform, and ultra-smooth flexible transparent composite film is produced by embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) into poly(vinyl-butyral) (PVB) without pressure or high-temperature annealing. The adhesion of AgNWs was greatly improved by embedding them in PVB, and surface roughness and sheet resistance (Rs) improvements were achieved through the use of the intense pulsed light (IPL) method, which welds the interconnections among AgNWs in a short time without heat or pressure treatment. The sheet resistance of PVB/AgNWs with the IPL(PAI) composite film reaches 12.6 ohm/sq with a transmittance of 85.7% (at 550 nm); no clear changes in the sheet resistance are observed after a substrate bending and tape test, suggesting excellent flexibility. In the case of PAI, the change in sheet resistance was only 2.6% after a 2,000-bend test, and the resulting bending radius was less than 1 mm. When IPL was exposed to PVB/AgNWs, the figure of merit was 2.36 times higher than that without exposure. Finally, flexible OLEDs using PAI exhibited comparable or higher electroluminescent characteristics than other devices with well-known flexible electrodes-including indium-zinc-oxide on polymer plastic-which is a promising discovery for flexible optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Lee
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Oh
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Hong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Park
- School of Mechanical and ICT Convergence Engineering, SUN MOON University, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Jang YR, Chung WH, Hwang YT, Hwang HJ, Kim SH, Kim HS. Selective Wavelength Plasmonic Flash Light Welding of Silver Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes with High Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24099-24107. [PMID: 29940106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, silver nanowires (AgNWs) printed on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate using a bar coater were welded via selective wavelength plasmonic flash light irradiation. To achieve high electrical conductivity and transparent characteristics, the wavelength of the flash white light was selectively chosen and irradiated by using high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filters. The flash white light irradiation conditions such as on-time, off-time, and number of pulses were also optimized. The wavelength range (400-500 nm) corresponding to the plasmonic wavelength of the AgNW could efficiently weld the AgNW films and enhance its conductivity. To carry out in-depth study of the welding phenomena with respect to wavelength, a multiphysics COMSOL simulation was conducted. The welded AgNW films under selective plasmonic flash light welding conditions showed the lowest sheet resistance (51.275 Ω/sq) and noteworthy transmittance (95.3%). Finally, the AgNW film, which was welded by selective wavelength plasmonic flash light with optical filters, was successfully used to make a large area transparent heat film and dye-sensitized solar cells showing superior performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rae Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-Dong , Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Wan-Ho Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-Dong , Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Yeon-Taek Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-Dong , Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-Dong , Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Kongju National University , Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588 , South Korea
- N&B Co. Ltd. , 125-10, Techno 2-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34024 , South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-Dong , Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , South Korea
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11
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Kim SH, Jung S, Yoon IS, Lee C, Oh Y, Hong JM. Ultrastretchable Conductor Fabricated on Skin-Like Hydrogel-Elastomer Hybrid Substrates for Skin Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800109. [PMID: 29761554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Printing technology can be used for manufacturing stretchable electrodes, which represent essential parts of wearable devices requiring relatively high degrees of stretchability and conductivity. In this work, a strategy for fabricating printable and highly stretchable conductors are proposed by transferring printed Ag ink onto stretchable substrates comprising Ecoflex elastomer and tough hydrogel layers using a water-soluble tape. The elastic modulus of the produced hybrid film is close to that of the hydrogel layer, since the thickness of Ecoflex elastomer film coated on hydrogel is very thin (30 µm). Moreover, the fabricated conductor on hybrid film is stretched up to 1780% strain. The described transfer method is simpler than other techniques utilizing elastomer stamps or sacrificial layers and enables application of printable electronics to the substrates with low elastic moduli (such as hydrogels). The integration of printed electronics with skin-like low-modulus substrates can be applied to make wearable devices more comfortable for human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hong Kim
- Photo-Electronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmook Jung
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seon Yoon
- Photo-Electronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chihak Lee
- Photo-Electronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Oh
- Photo-Electronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Hong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lu H, Ren X, Ouyang D, Choy WCH. Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703140. [PMID: 29356408 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Lu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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13
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Ge Y, Duan X, Zhang M, Mei L, Hu J, Hu W, Duan X. Direct Room Temperature Welding and Chemical Protection of Silver Nanowire Thin Films for High Performance Transparent Conductors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:193-199. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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14
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Khaligh HH, Xu L, Khosropour A, Madeira A, Romano M, Pradére C, Tréguer-Delapierre M, Servant L, Pope MA, Goldthorpe IA. The Joule heating problem in silver nanowire transparent electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:425703. [PMID: 28930100 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7f34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have shown considerable potential to replace conventional transparent conductive materials. However, in this report we show that Joule heating is a unique and serious problem with these electrodes. When conducting current densities encountered in organic solar cells, the average surface temperature of indium tin oxide (ITO) and silver nanowire electrodes, both with sheet resistances of 60 ohms/square, remains below 35 °C. However, in contrast to ITO, the temperature in the nanowire electrode is very non-uniform, with some localized points reaching temperatures above 250 °C. These hotspots accelerate nanowire degradation, leading to electrode failure after 5 days of continuous current flow. We show that graphene, a commonly used passivation layer for these electrodes, slows nanowire degradation and creates a more uniform surface temperature under current flow. However, the graphene does not prevent Joule heating in the nanowires and local points of high temperature ultimately shift the failure mechanism from nanowire degradation to melting of the underlying plastic substrate. In this paper, surface temperature mapping, lifetime testing under current flow, post-mortem analysis, and modelling illuminate the behaviour and failure mechanisms of nanowires under extended current flow and provide guidelines for managing Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Khaligh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Zhang XF, Huang FH, Zhang GL, Bai DP, Massimo DF, Huang YF, Gurunathan S. Novel biomolecule lycopene-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle enhances apoptotic potential of trichostatin A in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7551-7575. [PMID: 29075115 PMCID: PMC5648315 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been much interest in the field of nanomedicine to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Combination therapy seems to be most effective when two different molecules that work by different mechanisms are combined at low dose, thereby decreasing the possibility of drug resistance and occurrence of unbearable side effects. Based on this consideration, the study was designed to investigate the combination effect of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) and trichostatin A (TSA) in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Methods The rGO-AgNPs were synthesized using a biomolecule called lycopene, and the resultant product was characterized by various analytical techniques. The combination effect of rGO-Ag and TSA was investigated in SKOV3 cells using various cellular assays such as cell viability, cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence analysis. Results AgNPs were uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene sheet with an average size between 10 and 50 nm. rGO-Ag and TSA were found to inhibit cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of rGO-Ag and TSA at low concentration showed a significant effect on cell viability, and increased cytotoxicity by increasing the level of malondialdehyde and decreasing the level of glutathione, and also causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA had a more pronounced effect on DNA fragmentation and double-strand breaks, and eventually induced apoptosis. Conclusion This study is the first to report that the combination of rGO-Ag and TSA can cause potential cytotoxicity and also induce significantly greater cell death compared to either rGO-Ag alone or TSA alone in SKOV3 cells by various mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Therefore, this combination chemotherapy could be possibly used in advanced cancers that are not suitable for radiation therapy or surgical treatment and facilitate overcoming tumor resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng-Hua Huang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd, DongE, Shandong, China
| | - Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - De Felici Massimo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Liu HC, Zan HW, Soppera O, Zhang Y, Yang BR. Simple silver nanowire patterning using a DUV lamp direct write with sol–gel IZO capping. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a method to pattern silver nanowire (AgNW) electrode by using DUV lamp to directly write on indium–zinc-oxide capped AgNW. The patterned electrodes keep good conducting property on flexible polyimide substrate after 1000-times bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Zan
- Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Mulhouse Institute for Material Sciences
- CNRS LRC 7228
- Mulhouse 68200
- France
| | - Yi Zhang
- Materials Science Institute
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology
- School of Electronics and Information Technology
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
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17
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Dong H, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Liu W, Li X, Jiao B, Abbas W, Hou X. A Flexible and Thin Graphene/Silver Nanowires/Polymer Hybrid Transparent Electrode for Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31212-31221. [PMID: 27790912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A typical thin and fully flexible hybrid electrode was developed by integrating the encapsulation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) network between a monolayer graphene and polymer film as a sandwich structure. Compared with the reported flexible electrodes based on PET or PEN substrate, this unique electrode exhibits the superior optoelectronic characteristics (sheet resistance of 8.06 Ω/□ at 88.3% light transmittance). Meanwhile, the specific up-to-bottom fabrication process could achieve the superflat surface (RMS = 2.58 nm), superthin thickness (∼8 μm thickness), high mechanical robustness, and lightweight. In addition, the strong corrosion resistance and stability for the hybrid electrode were proved. With these advantages, we employ this electrode to fabricate the simple flexible organic light-emitting device (OLED) and perovskite solar cell device (PSC), which exhibit the considerable performance (best PCE of OLED = 2.11 cd/A2; best PCE of PSC = 10.419%). All the characteristics of the unique hybrid electrode demonstrate its potential as a high-performance transparent electrode candidate for flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Departmen of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Departmen of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Waseem Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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18
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Jin WY, Ginting RT, Ko KJ, Kang JW. Ultra-Smooth, Fully Solution-Processed Large-Area Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36475. [PMID: 27808221 PMCID: PMC5093558 DOI: 10.1038/srep36475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for the fabrication of ultra-smooth and highly bendable substrates consisting of metal grid-conducting polymers that are fully embedded into transparent substrates (ME-TCEs) was successfully demonstrated. The fully printed ME-TCEs exhibited ultra-smooth surfaces (surface roughness ~1.0 nm), were highly transparent (~90% transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm), highly conductive (sheet resistance ~4 Ω ◻-1), and relatively stable under ambient air (retaining ~96% initial resistance up to 30 days). The ME-TCE substrates were used to fabricate flexible organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes exhibiting devices efficiencies comparable to devices fabricated on ITO/glass substrates. Additionally, the flexibility of the organic devices did not degrade their performance even after being bent to a bending radius of ~1 mm. Our findings suggest that ME-TCEs are a promising alternative to indium tin oxide and show potential for application toward large-area optoelectronic devices via fully printing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Yong Jin
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Riski Titian Ginting
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Ko
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Kang
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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19
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Choi SJ, Kim SJ, Jang JS, Lee JH, Kim ID. Silver Nanowire Embedded Colorless Polyimide Heater for Wearable Chemical Sensors: Improved Reversible Reaction Kinetics of Optically Reduced Graphene Oxide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5826-5835. [PMID: 27626614 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optically reduced graphene oxide (ORGO) sheets are successfully integrated on silver nanowire (Ag NW)-embedded transparent and flexible substrate. As a heating element, Ag NWs are embedded in a colorless polyimide (CPI) film by covering Ag NW networks using polyamic acid and subsequent imidization. Graphene oxide dispersed aqueous solution is drop-coated on the Ag NW-embedded CPI (Ag NW-CPI) film and directly irradiated by intense pulsed light to obtain ORGO sheets. The heat generation property of Ag NW-CPI film is investigated by applying DC voltage, which demonstrates unprecedentedly reliable and stable characteristics even in dynamic bending condition. To demonstrate the potential application in wearable chemical sensors, NO2 sensing characteristic of ORGO is investigated with respect to the different heating temperature (22.7-71.7 °C) of Ag NW-CPI film. The result reveals that the ORGO sheets exhibit high sensitivity of 2.69% with reversible response/recovery sensing properties and minimal deviation of baseline resistance of around 1% toward NO2 molecules when the temperature of Ag NW-CPI film is 71.7 °C. This work first demonstrates the improved reversible NO2 sensing properties of ORGO sheets on flexible and transparent Ag NW-CPI film assisted by Ag NW heating networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Choi
- Applied Science Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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20
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Jang J, Im HG, Jin J, Lee J, Lee JY, Bae BS. A Flexible and Robust Transparent Conducting Electrode Platform Using an Electroplated Silver Grid/Surface-Embedded Silver Nanowire Hybrid Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27035-27043. [PMID: 27633097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report flexible transparent conducting electrode (TCE) film using a silver grid (Ag grid)/silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid structure (AG/NW-GFRHybrimer). The AG/NW-GFRHybrimer consists of an AgNW-embedded glass-fabric reinforced plastic film (AgNW-GFRHybrimer) and an electroplated Ag grid. The AgNW-GFRHybrimer is used as a flexible transparent substrate and a seed layer for electroplating. The Ag grid is fabricated via an all-solution-process; the grid pattern is formed using conventional photolithography, and Ag is deposited through electroplating. The AG/NW-GFRHybrimer exhibits excellent opto-electrical properties (transparency = 87%, sheet resistance = 13 Ω/□), superior thermal stability (250 °C for 720 min and 85 °C/85% RH for 100 h), and outstanding mechanical flexibility (bending radius = 1 mm for 2000 cycles). Finally, a touch-screen panel (four-wire resistive type) was fabricated using the AG/NW-GFRHybrimer to demonstrate its potential for use in actual optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jungho Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Chung WH, Kim SH, Kim HS. Welding of silver nanowire networks via flash white light and UV-C irradiation for highly conductive and reliable transparent electrodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32086. [PMID: 27553755 PMCID: PMC4995456 DOI: 10.1038/srep32086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, silver nanowire inks with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) binders were coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates and welded via flash white light and ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation to produce highly conductive transparent electrodes. The coated silver nanowire films were firmly welded and embedded into PET substrate successfully at room temperature and under ambient conditions using an in-house flash white light welding system and UV-C irradiation. The effects of light irradiation conditions (light energy, irradiation time, pulse duration, and pulse number) on the silver nanowire networks were studied and optimized. Bending fatigue tests were also conducted to characterize the reliability of the welded transparent conductive silver nanowire films. The surfaces of the welded silver nanowire films were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the transmittance of the structures was measured using a spectrophotometer. From the results, a highly conductive and transparent silver nanowire film with excellent reliability could be achieved at room temperature under ambient conditions via the combined flash white light and UV-C irradiation welding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ho Chung
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haendang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Nanotech and beyond Co., 125-10, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34024, South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering Hanyang University, 17 Haendang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791 South Korea.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
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22
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Hu H, Wang Z, Ye Q, He J, Nie X, He G, Song C, Shang W, Wu J, Tao P, Deng T. Substrateless Welding of Self-Assembled Silver Nanowires at Air/Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:20483-20490. [PMID: 27437907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrating connected silver nanowire networks with flexible polymers has appeared as a popular way to prepare flexible electronics. To reduce the contact resistance and enhance the connectivity between silver nanowires, various welding techniques have been developed. Herein, rather than welding on solid supporting substrates, which often requires complicated transferring operations and also may pose damage to heat-sensitive substrates, we report an alternative approach to prepare easily transferrable conductive networks through welding of self-assembled silver nanowires at the air/water interface using plasmonic heating. The intriguing welding behavior of partially aligned silver nanowires was analyzed with combined experimental observation and theoretical modeling. The underlying water not only physically supports the assembled silver nanowires but also buffers potential overheating during the welding process, thereby enabling effective welding within a broad range of illumination power density and illumination duration. The welded networks could be directly integrated with PDMS substrates to prepare high-performance stable flexible heaters that are stretchable, bendable, and can be easily patterned to explore selective heating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qinxian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Gufeng He
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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23
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Hydrothermal Fabrication of Silver Nanowires-Silver Nanoparticles-Graphene Nanosheets Composites in Enhancing Electrical Conductive Performance of Electrically Conductive Adhesives. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6060119. [PMID: 28335247 PMCID: PMC5302630 DOI: 10.3390/nano6060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires-silver nanoparticles-graphene nanosheets (AgNWs-AgNPs-GN) hybrid nanomaterials were fabricated through a hydrothermal method by using glucose as a green reducing agent. The charge carriers of AgNWs-AgNPs-GN passed through defect regions in the GNs rapidly with the aid of the AgNW and AgNP building blocks, leading to high electrical conductivity of electrically conductive adhesives (ECA) filled with AgNWs-AgNPs-GN. The morphologies of synthesized AgNWs-AgNPs-GN hybrid nanomaterials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the structure of AgNWs-AgNPs-GN. The resistance of cured ECAs was investigated by the four-probe method. The results indicated AgNWs-AgNPs-GN hybrid nanomaterials exhibited excellent electrical properties for decreasing the resistivity of electrically conductive adhesives (ECA). The resistivity of ECA was 3.01 × 10−4 Ω·cm when the content of the AgNWs-AgNPs-GN hybrid nanomaterial was 0.8 wt %.
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24
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Mallikarjuna K, Hwang HJ, Chung WH, Kim HS. Photonic welding of ultra-long copper nanowire network for flexible transparent electrodes using white flash light sintering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A schematic representation of the white flash light welding process of a percolated Cu NW network electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Mallikarjuna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
| | - Hyun-Jun Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- South Korea
| | - Wan-Ho Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- South Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
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25
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Wu C, Jiu J, Araki T, Koga H, Sekitani T, Wang H, Suganuma K. Rapid self-assembly of ultrathin graphene oxide film and application to silver nanowire flexible transparent electrodes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-assembled ultrathin graphene oxide film was rapidly prepared within only 3 minutes to improve silver nanowire electrode performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- The College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- P. R. China
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
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26
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Wang J, Jiu J, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Nogi M, Koga H, He P, Suganuma K, Uchida H. Highly Reliable Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode Employing Selectively Patterned Barrier Shaped by Self-Masked Photolithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23297-23304. [PMID: 26419188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transparent electrode based on silver nanowire (AgNW) networks is one promising alternative of indium tin oxide film in particular for advanced flexible and printable electronics. However, the widespread application of AgNW electrode is hindered by its poor long-term reliability. Although the reliability can be improved by applying traditional overcoating layer or the core-shell structure, the transmittance or conductivity is inevitably undermined. In this paper, a novel patterned barrier of photoresist in situ assembled on the nanowire surface realized the reliability enhancement by simply employing AgNWs themselves as the mask in the photolithography process. The patterned barrier selectively covered the nanowires, while keeping the high transmittance and conductivity unchanged and improving the adhesion of AgNW networks on substrate. After 720 h storage in 85 °C/85% relative humidity (RH) environment, the resistance of electrode with patterned barrier only increased by 0.72 times. This study proposes a new way, i.e., the in situ patterned barrier containing light-sensitive substance, to selectively protect AgNW networks, which can be expanded to various metallic networks including nanowires, nanorods, nanocables, electrospun nanofibers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shijo Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Institute for Polymers and Chemicals Business Development Center, Showa Denko K.K. , Ichihara, Chiba 290-0067, Japan
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Yoo JH, Kim Y, Han MK, Choi S, Song KY, Chung KC, Kim JM, Kwak J. Silver Nanowire-Conducting Polymer-ITO Hybrids for Flexible and Transparent Conductive Electrodes with Excellent Durability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15928-15934. [PMID: 26146851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) films have attracted attention as transparent and conductive electrodes for flexible optoelectronic devices and touch screens, to replace sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. However, the mechanical flexibility, environmental durability, and the optical (such as transparency and a haze) and electrical properties of the AgNW films should be improved for their practical application. In this work, high-performance and roll-to-roll processed AgNW-based hybrid electrodes comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) and/or ITO are introduced. The optical and electrical properties of the AgNW films combined with PEDOT PSS, ITO, or both of them were systematically examined. Among the films, the AgNW-PEDOT:PSS-ITO hybrid film exhibits a high transmittance (88%) and a low sheet resistance (44 Ω sq(-1)) with a small haze (1.9%). Moreover, the hybrid films show excellent durability to a variety of environmental stresses. By virtues of the high performance and durability, it is believed that the AgNW-PEDOT:PSS-ITO hybrid electrodes are highly suitable for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yoo
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
- §InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, South Korea
| | - Yunkyung Kim
- #Department of Electronic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Han
- §InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, South Korea
| | - Seonghwa Choi
- #Department of Electronic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
| | - Ki Yong Song
- §InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, South Korea
| | | | - Ji Man Kim
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- #Department of Electronic Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, South Korea
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Ma J, Wang K, Zhan M. Growth Mechanism and Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ag-Fe₃O₄ Core-Shell Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16027-16039. [PMID: 26151331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional Ag-Fe3O4 core-shell heteronanowires have been synthesized by a facile and effective coprecipitation method, in which silver nanowires (AgNWs) were used as the nucleation site for growth of Fe3O4 in aqueous solution. The size and morphology control of the core-shell nanowires were achieved by simple adjustments of reaction conditions including FeCl3/FeCl2 concentration, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) concentration, reaction temperature, and time. It was found that the Fe3O4 shell thickness could be tuned from 6 to 76 nm with the morphology variation between nanopheres and nanorods. A possible growth mechanism of Ag-Fe3O4 core-shell nanowires was proposed. First, the C═O derived from PVP on the surface of AgNWs provided nucleation points and in situ oxidation reaction between AgNWs and FeCl3/FeCl2 solution promoted the accumulation of Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) on the AgNWs surface. Second, Fe3O4 nanoparticles nucleated on the AgNWs surface. Lastly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles grew on the AgNWs surface by using up the reagents. Higher FeCl3/FeCl2 concentration or higher temperature led to faster nucleation and growth, resulting in the formation of Fe3O4 nanorods, whereas lower concentration or lower temperature resulted in slower nucleation and growth, leading to the formation of Fe3O4 nanospheres. Furthermore, the Ag-Fe3O4 core-shell nanowires exhibited good electrical properties and ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. Particularly, the magnetic saturation values (Ms) increased from 5.7 to 26.4 emu g(-1) with increasing Fe3O4 shell thickness from 9 to 76 nm. This growth of magnetic nanoparticles on 1D metal nanowires is meaningful from both fundamental and applied perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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