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Duan S, Xu P, Wang W. Better fuels for photocatalytic micromotors: a case study of triethanolamine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9902-9905. [PMID: 34494625 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient fuels are critical for designing photocatalytic micromotors with high performance. We discover that 0.5 mM of triethanolamine can power TiO2-Pt motors at 35 μm s-1 without producing bubbles, a significant improvement over conventional fuels such as water, H2O2 or hydroquinone. The effectiveness of hole scavengers such as triethanolamine can be generalized to other photocatalytic micromotors containing a heterojunction with an n-type (but not a p-type) semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Pengzhao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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2
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Khoee S, Moayeri S, Charsooghi MA. Self-/Magnetic-Propelled Catalytic Nanomotors Based on a Janus SPION@PEG-Pt/PCL Hybrid Nanoarchitecture: Single-Particle versus Collective Motions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10668-10682. [PMID: 34459607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (Fe3O4@APTES). The synthesized NPs were coated with succinic anhydride (Fe3O4@COOH) in the next step. Half the surface of the NPs was shielded with wax microparticles via the Pickering emulsion technique, and the unshielded side was covered with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited between PEG chains by the oxidation-reduction method through an in situ procedure to obtain a metal-polymer composite. These deposited Pt NPs have the potential to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the surface of Janus nanomotors (JNMs). After de-waxing of the NPs, Irgacure 2959 (as the initiator) was reacted with the bare side of the NPs to provide the opportunity to grow poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains on the surface of the nanomotors through the "grafting from" method. The diffusion coefficient and velocity of the JNMs (before and after the PCL reaction) in the aqueous solution of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 5, and 10% (w/v)) were investigated by mean square displacement analysis for single-particle or collective motions of JNMs. In addition, the simultaneous effect of an external magnetic field and the NaCl concentration on the movement direction of JNMs was also evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10%). Increasing the ionic strength through NaCl addition permits the JNMs to move with relatively lower amounts of fuel [i.e., 2% (w/w)]. The collective motion investigation of the JNMs showed the highest speed in the media with 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and 5% (w/v) NaCl solution (about 1215.78 μm2/s) due to the surfactant effect of the Janus architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Samaneh Moayeri
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Charsooghi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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3
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Cai L, Wang H, Yu Y, Bian F, Wang Y, Shi K, Ye F, Zhao Y. Stomatocyte structural color-barcode micromotors for multiplex assays. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:644-651. [PMID: 34692083 PMCID: PMC8288915 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial micromotors have a demonstrated value in the biomedical area. Attempts to develop this technology tend to impart micromotors with novel functions to improve the values. Herein, we present novel structural color-barcode micromotors for the multiplex assays. We found that, by rapidly extracting solvent and assembling monodispersed nanoparticles in droplets, it could form stomatocyte colloidal crystal clusters, which not only showed striking structural colors and characteristic reflection peaks due to their ordered nanoparticles arrangement, but also provided effective cavities for the integration of functional elements. Thus, the micromotors with catalysts or magnetic elements in their cavities, as well as with the corresponding structural color coding, could be achieved by using the platinum and ferric oxide dispersed pre-gel to fill and duplicate the stomatocyte colloidal crystal clusters. We have demonstrated that the self-movement of these structural color-barcode micromotors could efficiently accelerate the mixing speed of the detection sample and greatly increase the probe–target interactions towards faster and more sensitive single or multiplex detection, and the magnetism of these barcode micromotors enables the flexible collection of the micromotors, which could facilitate the detection processes. These features make the stomatocyte structural color-barcode micromotors ideal for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Cai
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Feika Bian
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Keqing Shi
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Precision Medicine Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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4
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Bhuyan T, Dutta D, Bhattacharjee M, Singh AK, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Acoustic Propulsion of Vitamin C Loaded Teabots for Targeted Oxidative Stress and Amyloid Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4571-4582. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mitradip Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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6
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Maria-Hormigos R, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Graphene quantum dot based micromotors: a size matter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6795-6798. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional 0D graphene quantum dots are used for the preparation of micromotors with higher yield compared to graphene micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maria-Hormigos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- Alcala de Henares E-28871
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- Alcala de Henares E-28871
- Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- Alcala de Henares E-28871
- Spain
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7
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Light actuated swarming and breathing-like motion of graphene oxide colloidal particles. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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8
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Facile graphitization of silicon nano-particles with ethanol based chemical vapor deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Pourrahimi AM, Pumera M. Multifunctional and self-propelled spherical Janus nano/micromotors: recent advances. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16398-16415. [PMID: 30178795 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in autonomous self-propelled multifunctional Janus nano/micromotors, which are able to convert chemical or light energy into mechanical motion, is presented. This technology of moving micro- and nanodevices is at the forefront of materials research and is a promising and growing technology with the possibility of using these motors in both biomedical and environmental applications. The development of novel multifunctional Janus motors together with their motion mechanisms is discussed. Different preparation and synthesis routes are compared. The effects of the size, interfacial structures and porosity on the directional motion and the speed of Janus micromotors are discussed. For light-derived Janus micromotors, newly developed techniques that are able to observe directly the interfaces' charge distribution on a nanometer scale are presented in order to clarify the underlying electrophoresis motion mechanism. This review aims to encourage further research in the field of micromotors using new and facile methodologies for obtaining novel Janus motors with enhanced motion and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Masoud Pourrahimi
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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10
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O'Neel-Judy É, Nicholls D, Castañeda J, Gibbs JG. Light-Activated, Multi-Semiconductor Hybrid Microswimmers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801860. [PMID: 29995334 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a dynamic fabrication process, hybrid, photoactivated microswimmers made from two different semiconductors, titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and cuprous oxide (Cu2 O) are developed, where each material occupies a distinct portion of the multiconstituent particles. Structured light-activated microswimmers made from only TiO2 or Cu2 O are observed to be driven in hydrogen peroxide and water most vigorously under UV or blue light, respectively, whereas hybrid structures made from both of these materials exhibit wavelength-dependent modes of motion due to the disparate responses of each photocatalyst. It is also found that the hybrid particles are activated in water alone, a behavior which is not observed in those made from a single semiconductor, and thus, the system may open up a new class of fuel-free photoactive colloids that take advantage of semiconductor heterojunctions. The TiO2 /Cu2 O hybrid microswimmer presented here is but an example of a broader method for inducing different modes of motion in a single light-activated particle, which is not limited to the specific geometries and materials presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étude O'Neel-Judy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Dylan Nicholls
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John Castañeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - John G Gibbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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11
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Safdar M, Khan SU, Jänis J. Progress toward Catalytic Micro- and Nanomotors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703660. [PMID: 29411445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny objects that can autonomously move under the influence of an appropriate source of energy, such as a chemical fuel, magnetic field, ultrasound, or light. Chemically driven MNMs are composed of or contain certain reactive material(s) that convert chemical energy of a fuel into kinetic energy (motion) of the particles. Several different materials have been explored over the last decade for the preparation of a wide variety of MNMs. Here, the discovery of materials and approaches to enhance the efficiency of chemically driven MNMs are reviewed. Several prominent applications of the MNMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine and environmental science, are also discussed, as well as the limitations of existing materials and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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12
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Ye H, Ma G, Kang J, Sun H, Wang S. Pt-Free microengines at extremely low peroxide levels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4653-4656. [PMID: 29623976 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that iron oxide modified MnO2 (FeOx-MnO2) catalyzed micromotors can be fabricated via electrochemical co-reduction and exhibit exceptional high performance at an extremely low hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fuel concentration. We observed that graphene/FeOx-MnO2 microtubes could show motion behaviors at fuel concentration as low as 0.03% H2O2, which is nearly one order of magnitude lower than Pt-based micromotors (normally at above 0.2% H2O2). Moreover, the micromotors exhibit higher speeds than any other reported catalytic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) at low peroxide levels. The FeOx-MnO2 systems are better catalytic MNMs, due to their excellent catalytic activity, easy fabrication, robust structure and movement, as well as low-cost, biocompatible and abundance nature, showing great potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Key Lab of Advance Materials Technology of Educational Department Liaoning Province, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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13
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Choi H, Lee GH, Kim KS, Hahn SK. Light-Guided Nanomotor Systems for Autonomous Photothermal Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2338-2346. [PMID: 29280612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Machines have greatly contributed to the human civilization, enabling tasks beyond our capacities for improved quality of life. Recently, the progress in nanotechnology has triggered to build a miniaturized machine of nanoscale. In this context, synthetic nanomotors have gained considerable interest because of their great promise for diverse applications. Currently, the movement control of these nanomotors has been widely investigated using various stimuli. Here, we demonstrate near-infrared (NIR) light controlled on/off motion of stomatocyte nanomotors powered by the conversion of hydrogen peroxide. The nanomotors encapsulating naphthalocyanine (NC) are aggregated or separated (collective motion) with or without near-IR light illumination, resulting in the well-controlled movement. Remarkably, the nanomotors can move directionally toward hydrogen peroxide released from cancer cells and photothermally ablate the cancer cells. Taken together, our stomatocyte nanomotor systems can be effectively harnessed for autonomous photothermal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Geon-Hui Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- Department of Organic Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University , 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Gumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
- PHI BIOMED Co., #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06612, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- PHI BIOMED Co., #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06612, Korea
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14
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Zhou C, Yin J, Wu C, Du L, Wang Y. Efficient target capture and transport by fuel-free micromotors in a multichannel microchip. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8064-8069. [PMID: 29099529 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient capture and transport of biological targets by functionalized micromotors in microfluidic chips have emerged as to be promising for bioanalysis and detection of targets. However, the crucial step-target capture-is still inefficient due to the low utilization of active spots on the functionalized motor surfaces. Herein, we designed a multichannel microchip for integrating confined space with the oscillatory movement of micromotors to increase the capture efficiency. Acoustically driven, magnetically guided Au/Ni/Au micromotors were employed as the target carriers, while E. coli bacteria were chosen as the targets. Under optimized conditions, a capture efficiency of 96% and an average loading number of 3-4 (targets per single motor) could be achieved. The possibility of simple separation of targets from micromotors has also been demonstrated. This microfluidic system could facilitate the integration of multiple steps for bioanalysis and detection of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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16
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Liu L, Bai T, Chi Q, Wang Z, Xu S, Liu Q, Wang Q. How to Make a Fast, Efficient Bubble-Driven Micromotor: A Mechanical View. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E267. [PMID: 30400455 PMCID: PMC6189961 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors, which can be moved at a micron scale, have special functions and can perform microscopic tasks. They have a wide range of applications in various fields with the advantages of small size and high efficiency. Both high speed and efficiency for micromotors are required in various conditions. However, the dynamical mechanism of bubble-driven micromotors movement is not clear, owing to various factors affecting the movement of micromotors. This paper reviews various factors acting on micromotor movement, and summarizes appropriate methods to improve the velocity and efficiency of bubble-driven micromotors, from a mechanical view. The dynamical factors that have significant influence on the hydrodynamic performance of micromotors could be divided into two categories: environment and geometry. Improving environment temperature and decreasing viscosity of fluid accelerate the velocity of motors. Under certain conditions, raising the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is applied. However, a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide is not applicable. In the environment of low concentration, changing the geometry of micromotors is an effective mean to improve the velocity of micromotors. Increasing semi-cone angle and reducing the ratio of length to radius for tubular and rod micromotors are propitious to increase the speed of micromotors. For Janus micromotors, reducing the mass by changing the shape into capsule and shell, and increasing the surface roughness, is applied. This review could provide references for improving the velocity and efficiency of micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Infrastructure Management Department, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Wang H, Pumera M. Emerging materials for the fabrication of micro/nanomotors. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2109-2116. [PMID: 28144663 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled autonomous nano and micromotors are devices which in many aspects mimic living organisms: they take chemical energy from the environment and convert it to motion; they are capable of phototaxis, chemotaxis and magnetotaxis, following the gradient of fuel, a magnetic field or light. There is an immense spectrum of possible applications of these devices, ranging from environmental remediation to the biomedical field. All of these developments depend on the materials used and there has been intensive development of materials allowing more efficient propulsion, phototaxis, chemotaxis and enhanced applications of these devices. Here we review the emerging materials employed in the fabrication of nano/micromotors and discuss their applications in the field of nanorobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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18
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Maria-Hormigos R, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Labs-on-a-chip meet self-propelled micromotors. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2397-2407. [PMID: 27250248 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This frontier review covers recent advances in the field of nanomaterial-based micromotors for the development of novel labs-on-a-chip (LOCs). In this review, we will discuss how carbon nanomaterials "on-board" of micromotors offer particular promise for diverse LOC applications. New trends in the field, directed towards the use of quantum dots and nanoparticles as functional materials for sophisticated micromotors, will be reviewed. Micromotor strategies using functionalized catalytic microengines to capture and transport (bio)molecules between the different reservoirs of LOC devices will also be covered. These recent advances are bringing closer our hopes for personalized medicine and food safety assurance, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maria-Hormigos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
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