1
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Hu H, Krishaa L, Fong ELS. Magnetic force-based cell manipulation for in vitro tissue engineering. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031504. [PMID: 37736016 PMCID: PMC10511261 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell manipulation techniques such as those based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic systems have recently been developed to reconstruct complex 3D tissue structures in vitro. Compared to these technologies, magnetic force-based cell manipulation is a simpler, scaffold- and label-free method that minimally affects cell viability and can rapidly manipulate cells into 3D tissue constructs. As such, there is increasing interest in leveraging this technology for cell assembly in tissue engineering. Cell manipulation using magnetic forces primarily involves two key approaches. The first method, positive magnetophoresis, uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which are either attached to the cell surface or integrated within the cell. These MNPs enable the deliberate positioning of cells into designated configurations when an external magnetic field is applied. The second method, known as negative magnetophoresis, manipulates diamagnetic entities, such as cells, in a paramagnetic environment using an external magnetic field. Unlike the first method, this technique does not require the use of MNPs for cell manipulation. Instead, it leverages the magnetic field and the motion of paramagnetic agents like paramagnetic salts (Gadobutrol, MnCl2, etc.) to propel cells toward the field minimum, resulting in the assembly of cells into the desired geometrical arrangement. In this Review, we will first describe the major approaches used to assemble cells in vitro-3D bioprinting and microfluidics-based platforms-and then discuss the use of magnetic forces for cell manipulation. Finally, we will highlight recent research in which these magnetic force-based approaches have been applied and outline challenges to mature this technology for in vitro tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L. Krishaa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Present address: Translational Tumor Engineering Laboratory, 15 Kent Ridge Cres, E7, 06-01G, Singapore 119276, Singapore. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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2
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Weigand M, Gomez-Pastora J, Strayer J, Wu X, Choe H, Lu S, Plencner E, Landes K, Palmer A, Zborowski M, Desai P, Chalmers J. The Unique Magnetic Signature of Sickle Red Blood Cells: A Comparison Between the Red Blood Cells of Transfused and Non-Transfused Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Healthy Donors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:3582-3590. [PMID: 35544484 PMCID: PMC10460628 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, especially in low-resource regions of the world, where a rapid and affordable test to properly diagnose the disease would be highly valued. Magnetophoresis is a technique that could simultaneously analyze, quantify, and potentially separate the patient's sickle red blood cells (RBCs) from healthy RBCs, but the magnetic characteristics of sickle RBCs have yet to be reported. In this work, we present the single cell magnetic characterization of RBCs obtained from SCD patients. Sufficient single cells are analyzed from patient samples undergoing transfusion therapy and not yet having transfusion therapy (TP and NTP, respectively), such that means and distributions of these single RBC mobilities are created in the form of histograms which facilitated comparison to RBCs from healthy donors (HD). The magnetic characterization is obtained using a technique known as Cell Tracking Velocimetry (CTV) that quantitatively characterizes the RBC response to magnetic and gravitational fields. The magnetic properties of RBCs containing oxygenated, deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (oxyHb-RBCs, deoxyHb-RBCs, and metHb-RBCs) are further determined. The NTP samples reported the highest magnetic character, especially when compared to oxyHb-RBCs from HD, which implies impaired oxygen binding capabilities. Also, the oxygen-Hb equilibrium curves are obtained to estimate the magnetic character of the cells under intermediate oxygen levels. Our results confirm higher magnetic moment of SCD blood (NTP) under intermediate oxygen levels. These data demonstrate the potential feasibility of magnetophoresis to identify, quantify and separate sickle RBCs from healthy RBCs.
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3
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Doan-Nguyen TP, Crespy D. Advanced density-based methods for the characterization of materials, binding events, and kinetics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8612-8651. [PMID: 36172819 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the densities of chemicals and materials bring valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of matter and processes. Recently, advanced density-based methods have been developed with wide measurement ranges (i.e. 0-23 g cm-3), high resolutions (i.e. 10-6 g cm-3), compatibility with different types of samples and the requirement of extremely low volumes of sample (as low as a single cell). Certain methods, such as magnetic levitation, are inexpensive, portable and user-friendly. Advanced density-based methods are, therefore, beneficially used to obtain absolute density values, composition of mixtures, characteristics of binding events, and kinetics of chemical and biological processes. Herein, the principles and applications of magnetic levitation, acoustic levitation, electrodynamic balance, aqueous multiphase systems, and suspended microchannel resonators for materials science are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Doan-Nguyen
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
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4
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Gao QH, Wen B, Kang Y, Zhang WM. Pump-free microfluidic magnetic levitation approach for density-based cell characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 204:114052. [PMID: 35149454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) provides a simple but promising method for density-based analysis and detection down to the individual cell level. However, each existing MagLev configuration for the single-cell density measurement, mainly consisting of a capillary (∼50 mm) placed between two magnets, yields a fairly low sample utilization because of no knowledge about the sample cells in the regions other than the limited microscope vision. Moreover, the quantitative analysis may be affected due to the unclearly defined measurement area, which is specifically associated with the uneven magnetization of magnets, cell size, degree of aggregation. In this work, we explore a pump-free microfluidic magnetic levitation approach for density-based cell characterization, enabling sensitive and effective cellular density measurement on small sample volumes. The microfluidic MagLev comprises a pump-free microfluidic chip placed between two ring magnets with like poles facing. With no external pumps, connectors or control facility, much smaller amounts of fluids (∼4 μL) could be driven automatically in the entire microchannel in 16 s. Based on the pump-free mechanism, unique density signatures of cells from different lineages (ARPE-19, HCT116, HeLa, HT1080, Huh7) are characterized by monitoring the levitation profiles. Furthermore, variation in density of A549 lung cancer cells subjected to a drug treatment are observed in our platform, allowing evaluation of the efficacy of the drug treatment at the individual cell level. Thereby, the proposed pump-free microfluidic MagLev platform, a low-cost, fully automatic and portable design for label-free density-based cell characterization, provides a universal detection tool that operates efficiently within small-volume environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baiqing Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wen-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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5
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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6
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Dabbagh SR, Alseed MM, Saadat M, Sitti M, Tasoglu S. Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Levitation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
| | - M. Munzer Alseed
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Boğaziçi University Çengelköy Istanbul Turkey 34684
| | - Milad Saadat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
| | - Metin Sitti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- School of Medicine Koç University Istanbul 34450 Turkey
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR) Koç University Sariyer Istanbul Turkey 34450
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Boğaziçi University Çengelköy Istanbul Turkey 34684
- Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Chen Y, Li Z, Bai X, Feng Y, Feng L, Zhang D, Chen H, Chen H. Reduction of Erythrocyte Fluid Adaptability Due to Cell Membrane Hardening Based on Single-Cell Analysis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Ashkarran AA, Mahmoudi M. Magnetic Levitation Systems for Disease Diagnostics. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:311-321. [PMID: 32861547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a well-documented, robust technique for density measurements and separations. Although the potential of MagLev as an emerging tool in biotechnology has been recently investigated, the practical use of MagLev in diagnosis and disease detection merits further attention. This review highlights the diagnostic capacity of a simple and portable MagLev system and the possibilities and limitations of the MagLev technique for density-based separation, classification, and manipulation of soft matter and biological systems (e.g., cells, proteins), which in turn may pave the way for the discovery of disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Ashkarran
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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9
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Ge S, Nemiroski A, Mirica KA, Mace CR, Hennek JW, Kumar AA, Whitesides GM. Magnetic Levitation in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17810-17855. [PMID: 31165560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All matter has density. The recorded uses of density to characterize matter date back to as early as ca. 250 BC, when Archimedes was believed to have solved "The Puzzle of The King's Crown" using density.[1] Today, measurements of density are used to separate and characterize a range of materials (including cells and organisms), and their chemical and/or physical changes in time and space. This Review describes a density-based technique-magnetic levitation (which we call "MagLev" for simplicity)-developed and used to solve problems in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. MagLev has two principal characteristics-simplicity, and applicability to a wide range of materials-that make it useful for a number of applications (for example, characterization of materials, quality control of manufactured plastic parts, self-assembly of objects in 3D, separation of different types of biological cells, and bioanalyses). Its simplicity and breadth of applications also enable its use in low-resource settings (for example-in economically developing regions-in evaluating water/food quality, and in diagnosing disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shencheng Ge
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alex Nemiroski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan W Hennek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ashok A Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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10
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Ge S, Nemiroski A, Mirica KA, Mace CR, Hennek JW, Kumar AA, Whitesides GM. Magnetische Levitation in Chemie, Materialwissenschaft und Biochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shencheng Ge
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Alex Nemiroski
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Hennek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Ashok A. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 60 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science & Technology Harvard University 29 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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11
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Luo J, Chen C, Li Q. White blood cell counting at point-of-care testing: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1450-1468. [PMID: 32356920 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, are found in the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against infections and foreign invaders. Conventional methods of leukocyte analysis provide valuable and accurate information to medical specialists. Analyzing and diagnosing of a disease requires a combination of multiple biomarkers, in some cases, however, such as personal health care, this will occupy some medical resources and causes unnecessary consumption. Traditional method (such as flow cytometer) for WBC counting is time and labor consuming. Compared to gold standard (flow-based fraction/micropore filtration) or improved filtration methods for WBC counting, this is still a lengthy and time consuming process and can lead to membrane fouling due to the rapid accumulation of biological materials. Therefore, the analysis of WBC counts requires more compact and efficient equipment. The microfluidic technologies, powered by different field (force, thermal, acoustic, optical, magnetic) and other methods for leukocyte counting and analysis, are much cost-efficient and can be used in in-home or in resource-limited areas to achieve Point-of-Care (POC). In this review, we highlight the mainstream devices that have been commercialized and extensively employed for patients for WBC counting, Next, we present some recent development with regards to leucocyte counting (mainly microfluidic technologies) and comment on their relative merits. We aim to focus and discuss the possibility of achieving POC and help researchers to tackle individual challenges accordingly. Finally, we offer some technologies in addition to previous detection devices, such as image recognition technology and cloud computing, which we believe have great potential to further promote real-time detection and improve medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Luo
- College of Glasgow, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Health Industry Co., Ltd of the Fifth Xiangya Hospital, Hunan, P. R. China.,The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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12
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Ashkarran AA, Dararatana N, Crespy D, Caracciolo G, Mahmoudi M. Mapping the heterogeneity of protein corona by ex vivo magnetic levitation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2374-2383. [PMID: 31960871 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, we witnessed limited success in the clinical translation of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs). One of the main reasons for this limited success is our poor understanding of the biological identity of NPs. Herein, we report magnetic levitation (MagLev) as a complementary analytical tool to investigate the homogeneity of the created protein corona (PC) coated NPs through an ex vivo model. Our results demonstrate that the MagLev system not only has the capacity to separate corona coated NPs, but also enables us to study the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the PC. Our findings suggest that current ex vivo isolation methods cause a heterogeneous coverage of PC profiles at the surface of NPs. The MagLev technique, therefore, would be instrumental in identifying and separating fully PC coated NPs which, in turn, enables us to achieve more accurate information on protein corona composition. Ultimately, we believe that the MagLev technique can be used for the fast screening of the homogeneity of corona coated NPs before quantitative analysis of the corona profile/composition, hence definitely improving our fundamental understanding of nano-bio interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naruphorn Dararatana
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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13
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Ozefe F, Arslan Yildiz A. Smartphone-assisted Hepatitis C detection assay based on magnetic levitation. Analyst 2020; 145:5816-5825. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes development of smartphone-assisted magnetic levitation assay for Point-of-Care (PoC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozefe
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH)
- Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering
- Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH)
- Izmir
- Turkey
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14
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Baday M, Ercal O, Sahan AZ, Sahan A, Ercal B, Inan H, Demirci U. Density Based Characterization of Mechanical Cues on Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Levitation. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801517. [PMID: 30946539 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is correlated to malignancy and invasiveness of cancer cells. Although the mechanism of change is unclear, mechanical signals from the ECM may affect physical properties of cells such as their density profile. The current methods, such as Percoll density-gradient centrifugation, are unable to detect minute density differences. A magnetic levitation device is developed (i.e., MagDense platform) where cells are levitated in a magnetic gradient allowing them to equilibrate to a levitation height that corresponds to their unique cellular density. In application of this system, MDA-MB-231 breast and A549 lung cancer cells are cultured and overall differences in cell density are observed in response to increasing collagen fiber density. Overall, density values are significantly more spread out for MDA-MB-231 cells extracted from the 1.44 mg mL-1 collagen gels compared to those from 0.72 mg mL-1 collagen, whereas no significant difference with A549 cell lines is observed. The MagDense platform can determine differences in cellular densities under various microenvironmental conditions. The imaging of cancer cells in a magnetic levitation device serves as a unique tool to observe changes in phenotypic properties of cancer cells as they relate to micromechanical cues encoded by the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Baday
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Ozlem Ercal
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Ayse Zisan Sahan
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Asude Sahan
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Baris Ercal
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Hakan Inan
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Radiology Department Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University 3155 Porter Driver Palo Alto 94304 CA USA
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15
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Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) based optical sensors have been found to be very promising for detecting aqueous biological samples due to the ease of optical detection, their cost effectiveness and the removal of the need for labelling biological species with fluorescent dyes. To date, all LC based sensors are studied in laboratories using conventional polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and no attention has been paid towards the fabrication of portable LC sensing devices for use in commercial purposes. Here, we designed and fabricated a 3D printed portable, lightweight, and inexpensive sensing device using a smartphone to detect the optical signal of LC based sensors. The accuracy of the optical signal using the fabricated sensing device is similar to that obtained using conventional POM. The fabricated sensing device, using a smartphone, gives a novel and new platform to LC based sensors for practical applications in the industrial world and people's daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Nandi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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16
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Turker E, Arslan-Yildiz A. Recent Advances in Magnetic Levitation: A Biological Approach from Diagnostics to Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:787-799. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Turker
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan-Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Castro B, Sala de Medeiros M, Sadri B, Martinez RV. Portable and power-free serodiagnosis of Chagas disease using magnetic levitating microbeads. Analyst 2018; 143:4379-4386. [PMID: 30123917 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic levitating microbeads enable the point-of-care detection of Chagas antibodies in blood solutions using a portable magnetic stage requiring no electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castro
- Department of Animal Sciences
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | | | - Behnam Sadri
- School of Industrial Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Ramses V. Martinez
- School of Industrial Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering
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18
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Advances in point-of-care technologies for molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Gencturk E, Mutlu S, Ulgen KO. Advances in microfluidic devices made from thermoplastics used in cell biology and analyses. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:051502. [PMID: 29152025 PMCID: PMC5654984 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon and glass were the main fabrication materials of microfluidic devices, however, plastics are on the rise in the past few years. Thermoplastic materials have recently been used to fabricate microfluidic platforms to perform experiments on cellular studies or environmental monitoring, with low cost disposable devices. This review describes the present state of the development and applications of microfluidic systems used in cell biology and analyses since the year 2000. Cultivation, separation/isolation, detection and analysis, and reaction studies are extensively discussed, considering only microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, fungi, zebra fish, etc.) and mammalian cell related studies in the microfluidic platforms. The advantages/disadvantages, fabrication methods, dimensions, and the purpose of creating the desired system are explained in detail. An important conclusion of this review is that these microfluidic platforms are still open for research and development, and solutions need to be found for each case separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gencturk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senol Mutlu
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BUMEMS Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kutlu O Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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Inan H, Poyraz M, Inci F, Lifson MA, Baday M, Cunningham BT, Demirci U. Photonic crystals: emerging biosensors and their promise for point-of-care applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:366-388. [PMID: 27841420 PMCID: PMC5529146 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of-care (POC), such as at primary clinics or the bedside, faces impediments because they may require highly trained personnel, have long assay times, large sizes, and high instrumental cost. Thus, there exists a need to develop inexpensive, reliable, user-friendly, and compact biosensing systems at the POC. Biosensors incorporated with photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address many of the aforementioned challenges facing the development of new POC diagnostics. Currently, PC-based biosensors have been employed for detecting a variety of biotargets, such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with high efficiency and selectivity. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including telemedicine, flexible and wearable sensing, smart materials and metamaterials. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with existing biosensors, and provide an outlook for PC-based biosensors and their promise at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Muhammet Poyraz
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Mark A Lifson
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Murat Baday
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. and Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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Nayak S, Blumenfeld NR, Laksanasopin T, Sia SK. Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Recent Developments in a Connected Age. Anal Chem 2017; 89:102-123. [PMID: 27958710 PMCID: PMC5793870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicole R. Blumenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tassaneewan Laksanasopin
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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22
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Lifson MA, Ozen MO, Inci F, Wang S, Inan H, Baday M, Henrich TJ, Demirci U. Advances in biosensing strategies for HIV-1 detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:90-104. [PMID: 27262924 PMCID: PMC4943868 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 is a major global epidemic that requires sophisticated clinical management. There have been remarkable efforts to develop new strategies for detecting and treating HIV-1, as it has been challenging to translate them into resource-limited settings. Significant research efforts have been recently devoted to developing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that can monitor HIV-1 viral load with high sensitivity by leveraging micro- and nano-scale technologies. These POC devices can be applied to monitoring of antiretroviral therapy, during mother-to-child transmission, and identification of latent HIV-1 reservoirs. In this review, we discuss current challenges in HIV-1 diagnosis and therapy in resource-limited settings and present emerging technologies that aim to address these challenges using innovative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lifson
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - ShuQi Wang
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Medicine Faculty, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Murat Baday
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Radiology Department, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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23
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Zhao W, Cheng R, Miller JR, Mao L. Label-Free Microfluidic Manipulation of Particles and Cells in Magnetic Liquids. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3916-3932. [PMID: 28663720 PMCID: PMC5487005 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating particles and cells in magnetic liquids through so-called "negative magnetophoresis" is a new research field. It has resulted in label-free and low-cost manipulation techniques in microfluidic systems and many exciting applications. It is the goal of this review to introduce the fundamental principles of negative magnetophoresis and its recent applications in microfluidic manipulation of particles and cells. We will first discuss the theoretical background of three commonly used specificities of manipulation in magnetic liquids, which include the size, density and magnetic property of particles and cells. We will then review and compare the media used in negative magnetophoresis, which include paramagnetic salt solutions and ferrofluids. Afterwards, we will focus on reviewing existing microfluidic applications of negative magnetophoresis, including separation, focusing, trapping and concentration of particles and cells, determination of cell density, measurement of particles' magnetic susceptibility, and others. We will also examine the need for developing biocompatible magnetic liquids for live cell manipulation and analysis, and its recent progress. Finally, we will conclude this review with a brief outlook for this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Room 166, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Joshua R Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Room 166, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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24
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Abstract
New fully integrated biosensors that monitor molecular and physiological parameters throughout our bodies are set to revolutionize medicine and personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan Jones
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
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