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Shou Y, Teo XY, Li X, Zhicheng L, Liu L, Sun X, Jonhson W, Ding J, Lim CT, Tay A. Dynamic Magneto-Softening of 3D Hydrogel Reverses Malignant Transformation of Cancer Cells and Enhances Drug Efficacy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2851-2867. [PMID: 36633150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High extracellular matrix stiffness is a prominent feature of malignant tumors associated with poor clinical prognosis. To elucidate mechanistic connections between increased matrix stiffness and tumor progression, a variety of hydrogel scaffolds with dynamic changes in stiffness have been developed. These approaches, however, are not biocompatible at high temperature, strong irradiation, and acidic/basic pH, often lack reversibility (can only stiffen and not soften), and do not allow study on the same cell population longitudinally. In this work, we develop a dynamic 3D magnetic hydrogel whose matrix stiffness can be wirelessly and reversibly stiffened and softened multiple times with different rates of change using an external magnet. With this platform, we found that matrix stiffness increased tumor malignancy including denser cell organization, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia. More interestingly, these malignant transformations could be halted or reversed with matrix softening (i.e., mechanical rescue), to potentiate drug efficacy attributing to reduced solid stress from matrix and downregulation of cell mechano-transductors including YAP1. We propose that our platform can be used to deepen understanding of the impact of matrix softening on cancer biology, an important but rarely studied phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Yong Teo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Le Zhicheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Xinhong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Win Jonhson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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2
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Shou Y, Liu L, Liu Q, Le Z, Lee KL, Li H, Li X, Koh DZ, Wang Y, Liu TM, Yang Z, Lim CT, Cheung C, Tay A. Mechano-responsive hydrogel for direct stem cell manufacturing to therapy. Bioact Mater 2023; 24:387-400. [PMID: 36632503 PMCID: PMC9817177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is one of the most actively studied cell types due to its regenerative potential and immunomodulatory properties. Conventional cell expansion methods using 2D tissue culture plates and 2.5D microcarriers in bioreactors can generate large cell numbers, but they compromise stem cell potency and lack mechanical preconditioning to prepare MSC for physiological loading expected in vivo. To overcome these challenges, in this work, we describe a 3D dynamic hydrogel using magneto-stimulation for direct MSC manufacturing to therapy. With our technology, we found that dynamic mechanical stimulation (DMS) enhanced matrix-integrin β1 interactions which induced MSCs spreading and proliferation. In addition, DMS could modulate MSC biofunctions including directing MSC differentiation into specific lineages and boosting paracrine activities (e.g., growth factor secretion) through YAP nuclear localization and FAK-ERK pathway. With our magnetic hydrogel, complex procedures from MSC manufacturing to final clinical use, can be integrated into one single platform, and we believe this 'all-in-one' technology could offer a paradigm shift to existing standards in MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Qimin Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Khang Leng Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xianlei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Dion Zhanyun Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Tong Ming Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 117510, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
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3
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Kumar ARK, Shou Y, Chan B, L K, Tay A. Materials for Improving Immune Cell Transfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007421. [PMID: 33860598 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds great promise for preventing and treating deadly diseases such as cancer. However, it remains challenging to transfect and engineer primary immune cells for clinical cell manufacturing. Conventional tools using viral vectors and bulk electroporation suffer from low efficiency while posing risks like viral transgene integration and excessive biological perturbations. Emerging techniques using microfluidics, nanoparticles, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures can overcome these challenges, and on top of that, provide universal and high-throughput cargo delivery. Herein, the strengths and limitations of traditional and emerging materials for immune cell transfection, and commercial development of these tools, are discussed. To enhance the characterization of transfection techniques and uptake by the clinical community, a list of in vitro and in vivo assays to perform, along with relevant protocols, is recommended. The overall aim, herein, is to motivate the development of novel materials to meet rising demand in transfection for clinical CAR-T cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R K Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Krishaa L
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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4
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Helmbrecht H, Joseph A, McKenna M, Zhang M, Nance E. Governing Transport Principles for Nanotherapeutic Application in the Brain. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020; 30:112-119. [PMID: 33304774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases account for a significant portion of the global disease burden. While research efforts have identified potential drugs or drug targets for neurological diseases, most therapeutic platforms are still ineffective at reaching the target location selectively and with high yield. Restricted transport, including passage across the blood-brain barrier, through the brain parenchyma, and into specific cells, is a major cause of ineffective therapeutic delivery. However, nanotechnology is a promising, tailorable platform for overcoming these transport barriers and improving therapeutic delivery to the brain. We provide a transport-oriented analysis of nanotechnology's ability to navigate these transport barriers in the brain. We also provide an opinion on the need for technology development for increasing our capacity to characterize and quantify nanoparticle passage through each transport barrier. Finally, we highlight the importance of incorporating the effect of disease, metabolic state, and regional dependencies to better understand transport of nanotherapeutics in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawley Helmbrecht
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Andrea Joseph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Michael McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195.,Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195.,eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
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5
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Beck CL, Hickman CJ, Kunze A. Low-cost calcium fluorometry for long-term nanoparticle studies in living cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12568. [PMID: 32724093 PMCID: PMC7387557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium fluorometry is critical to determine cell homeostasis or to reveal communication patterns in neuronal networks. Recently, characterizing calcium signalling in neurons related to interactions with nanomaterials has become of interest due to its therapeutic potential. However, imaging of neuronal cell activity under stable physiological conditions can be either very expensive or limited in its long-term capability. Here, we present a low-cost, portable imaging system for long-term, fast-scale calcium fluorometry in neurons. Using the imaging system, we revealed temperature-dependent changes in long-term calcium signalling in kidney cells and primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, we introduce fast-scale monitoring of synchronous calcium activity in neuronal cultures in response to nanomaterials. Through graph network analysis, we found that calcium dynamics in neurons are temperature-dependent when exposed to chitosan-coated nanoparticles. These results give new insights into nanomaterial-interaction in living cultures and tissues based on calcium fluorometry and graph network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor L Beck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Clark J Hickman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA.
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6
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Tay A. The Benefits of Going Small: Nanostructures for Mammalian Cell Transfection. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7714-7721. [PMID: 32631053 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures, with their localized interactions with mammalian cells, can offer better efficiency and lower cell perturbation than conventional viral, biochemical, and electroporation transfection techniques. In this Perspective, I describe the different stages of transfection and provide a comparison of transfection techniques based on their mechanisms. Focusing on specific aims of transfection, I also illustrate how recent developments in high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have endowed them with properties that are superior to existing viral, biochemical, and electroporation methods as a versatile technique to deliver a variety of cargoes and to interface with different mammalian cell types for biomedical applications. Finally, I describe the challenges associated with transfection that need to be overcome to enhance cargo delivery efficiency and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
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7
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Efficient separation of tumor cells from untreated whole blood using a novel multistage hydrodynamic focusing microfluidics. Talanta 2020; 207:120261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Habibi R, Neild A. Sound wave activated nano-sieve (SWANS) for enrichment of nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3032-3044. [PMID: 31396609 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation is widely used in microfluidic systems as a method of controlling the behaviour of suspended matter. When acoustic waves impinge on particles, a radiation force is exerted which can cause migration over multiple acoustic time periods; in addition the scattering of the wave by the particle will affect the behaviour of nearby particles. This interparticle effect, or Bjerknes force, tends to attract particles together. Here, instead of manipulating a dilute sample of particles, we examine the acoustic excitation of a packed bed. We fill a microfluidic channel with microparticles, such that they form a closely packed structure and then excite them at the particle's resonant frequency. In this scenario, each particle acts as a source of scattered waves and we show that these waves are highly effective at attracting nanoparticles onto the surface of the microparticles, and nanoparticle collection characterises the performance of this mechanically activated packed bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Habibi
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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9
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Tay A, Sohrabi A, Poole K, Seidlits S, Di Carlo D. A 3D Magnetic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Magnetomechanical Neuromodulation of Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800927. [PMID: 29888402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation tools are useful to decipher and modulate neural circuitries implicated in functions and diseases. Existing electrical and chemical tools cannot offer specific neural modulation while optogenetics has limitations for deep tissue interfaces, which might be overcome by miniaturized optoelectronic devices in the future. Here, a 3D magnetic hyaluronic hydrogel is described that offers noninvasive neuromodulation via magnetomechanical stimulation of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The hydrogel shares similar biochemical and biophysical properties as the extracellular matrix of spinal cord, facilitating healthy growth of functional neurites and expression of excitatory and inhibitory ion channels. By testing with different neurotoxins, and micropillar substrate deflections with electrophysical recordings, it is found that acute magnetomechanical stimulation induces calcium influx in DRG neurons primarily via endogenous, mechanosensitive TRPV4 and PIEZO2 channels. Next, capitalizing on the receptor adaptation characteristic of DRG neurons, chronic magnetomechanical stimulation is performed and found that it reduces the expression of PIEZO2 channels, which can be useful for modulating pain where mechanosensitive channels are typically overexpressed. A general strategy is thus offered for neuroscientists and material scientists to fabricate 3D magnetic biomaterials tailored to different types of excitable cells for remote magnetomechanical modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kate Poole
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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11
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Gahl TJ, Kunze A. Force-Mediating Magnetic Nanoparticles to Engineer Neuronal Cell Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:299. [PMID: 29867315 PMCID: PMC5962660 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes like membrane deformation, cell migration, and transport of organelles are sensitive to mechanical forces. Technically, these cellular processes can be manipulated through operating forces at a spatial precision in the range of nanometers up to a few micrometers through chaperoning force-mediating nanoparticles in electrical, magnetic, or optical field gradients. But which force-mediating tool is more suitable to manipulate cell migration, and which, to manipulate cell signaling? We review here the differences in forces sensation to control and engineer cellular processes inside and outside the cell, with a special focus on neuronal cells. In addition, we discuss technical details and limitations of different force-mediating approaches and highlight recent advancements of nanomagnetics in cell organization, communication, signaling, and intracellular trafficking. Finally, we give suggestions about how force-mediating nanoparticles can be used to our advantage in next-generation neurotherapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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12
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Kunze A, Murray CT, Godzich C, Lin J, Owsley K, Tay A, Di Carlo D. Modulating motility of intracellular vesicles in cortical neurons with nanomagnetic forces on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:842-854. [PMID: 28164203 PMCID: PMC5400667 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle transport is a major underlying mechanism of cell communication. Inhibiting vesicle transport in brain cells results in blockage of neuronal signals, even in intact neuronal networks. Modulating intracellular vesicle transport can have a huge impact on the development of new neurotherapeutic concepts, but only if we can specifically interfere with intracellular transport patterns. Here, we propose to modulate motion of intracellular lipid vesicles in rat cortical neurons based on exogenously bioconjugated and cell internalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) within microengineered magnetic gradients on-chip. Upon application of 6-126 pN on intracellular vesicles in neuronal cells, we explored how the magnetic force stimulus impacts the motion pattern of vesicles at various intracellular locations without modulating the entire cell morphology. Altering vesicle dynamics was quantified using, mean square displacement, a caging diameter and the total traveled distance. We observed a de-acceleration of intercellular vesicle motility, while applying nanomagnetic forces to cultured neurons with SPIONs, which can be explained by a decrease in motility due to opposing magnetic force direction. Ultimately, using nanomagnetic forces inside neurons may permit us to stop the mis-sorting of intracellular organelles, proteins and cell signals, which have been associated with cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, nanomagnetic force applications will allow us to wirelessly guide axons and dendrites by exogenously using permanent magnetic field gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kunze
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
| | - Coleman Tylor Murray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Chanya Godzich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Keegan Owsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Tay A, Di Carlo D. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Mechanical Stimulation for Restoration of Mechano-Sensitive Ion Channel Equilibrium in Neural Networks. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:886-892. [PMID: 28094958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Techniques offering remote control of neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution and specificity are invaluable for deciphering the physiological roles of different classes of neurons in brain development and disease. Here, we first confirm that microfabricated substrates with enhanced magnetic field gradients allow for wireless stimulation of neural circuits dosed with magnetic nanoparticles using calcium indicator dyes. We also investigate the mechanism of mechano-transduction in this system and identify that N-type mechano-sensitive calcium ion channels play a key role in signal generation in response to magnetic force. We next applied this method for chronic stimulation of a fragile X syndrome (FXS) neural network model and found that magnetic force-based stimulation modulated the expression of mechano-sensitive ion channels which are out of equilibrium in a number of neurological diseases including FXS. This technique can serve as a tool for acute and chronic modulation of endogenous ion channel expression in neural circuits in a spatially localized manner to investigate a number of disease processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90025, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90025, United States
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90025, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90025, United States
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14
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Mao Z, Li P, Wu M, Bachman H, Mesyngier N, Guo X, Liu S, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Enriching Nanoparticles via Acoustofluidics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:603-612. [PMID: 28068078 PMCID: PMC5536981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and enriching submicrometer and nanometer scale objects is of great importance for many applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present an acoustofluidic chip that can generate single vortex acoustic streaming inside a glass capillary through using low-power acoustic waves (only 5 V is required). The single vortex acoustic streaming that is generated, in conjunction with the acoustic radiation force, is able to enrich submicrometer- and nanometer-sized particles in a small volume. Numerical simulations were used to elucidate the mechanism of the single vortex formation and were verified experimentally, demonstrating the focusing of silica and polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 80 to 500 nm. Moreover, the acoustofluidic chip was used to conduct an immunoassay in which nanoparticles that captured fluorescently labeled biomarkers were concentrated to enhance the emitted signal. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality, and power consumption, the acoustofluidic chip we present here is promising for many point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicolas Mesyngier
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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