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Ermakova EV, Zvyagina AI, Kharlamova AD, Abel AS, Andraud C, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A. Preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett Films from Quinoxalines Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission and Their Acidochromism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15117-15128. [PMID: 38979711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-exhibiting compounds heavily relies on our evolving comprehension of their behavior at interfaces, an understanding that still remains notably limited. In this study, we explored the preparation of two-dimensional (2D) sensing films from 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-based diazapolyoxa- and polyazamacrocycles displaying AIE via the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. This systematic investigation highlights the key role of the heteroatom-containing tether of 2,3-diphenylquinoxalines in the successful fabrication of Langmuir layers at the air-water interface and the transfer of AIE-emitting supramolecular aggregates onto solid supports. Using both diazapolyoxa- and polyazamacrocycles, we prepared AIE-exhibiting monolayer films containing emissive supramolecular aggregates on silica, mica, and quartz glass and characterized them using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, and fluorescence microscopy. We also obtained multilayer AIE-emitting films through the LB technique, albeit with increased complexity. Remarkably, by employing the smallest macrocycle N2C3Q, we successfully prepared LB films suitable for the visual detection of acidic vapors. This sensing material, which contains a much lesser amount of organic dye compared with traditional drop-cast films, can be regenerated and utilized for real-life sample analysis, such as monitoring the presence of ammonia in the air and the freshness of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta V Ermakova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31-4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexandra I Zvyagina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31-4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alisa D Kharlamova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anton S Abel
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 31-4, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France
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Chen W, Qiu M, Tu R, Mu X, Fu F, Li MJ. Aggregation-Induced Near-Infrared Emission and Electrochemiluminescence of an Iridium(III) Complex for Ampicillin Sodium Sensing. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A new iridium(III) complex was synthesized and characterized. Its photophysical properties and aggregation-induced emission and electrochemiluminescence in the near-infrared range were studied. The large conjugated cyclometallic ligand 1,2-phenylbenzoquinoline (pbq) was selected to form the Ir-C bond with the metal iridium(III) center and provide near-infrared emission of the complex. The auxiliary ligand 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine (dabpy) can form hydrogen bonds, which was beneficial for the generation of aggregation-induced emission. The complex was aggregated into small spherical nanoparticles in 80% water and fascinating nanorings in 90% water. The sensing of ampicillin sodium (AMP) antibiotic by the iridium(III) complex were also investigated by photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent methods. The complex showed a good selectivity toward AMP antibiotic compared to sodium phenylacetate and other eight antibiotics. The detection limits for AMP antibiotic was 0.76 μg/mL. This work provided a new strategy for the design of iridium(III) complex-based aggregation-induced emission and electrochemiluminescence probes for the sensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Meiling Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Rui Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiangjun Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Hu B, Wei T, Cui Y, Xu X, Li Q. Hg(II) immobilization and detection using gel formation with tetra-(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene and an aggregation-induced luminescence effect. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2135. [PMID: 36747001 PMCID: PMC9902491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetra-(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene (TPPE), featuring an aggregation-induced luminescence effect (AIE), has been synthesized and used for selective detection of Hg2+ in DMF/H2O (3:7, v/v) binary solutions. There was a color change from colorless to yellow in the detection of the Hg2+ ions, in addition to an increased fluorescence emission. This shows that TPPE will function as an excellent "turn-on" fluorescence probe in the detection Hg2+. Moreover, the interference of Al3+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+ ions was found to be negligible under optimized solvent conditions. Cysteine and EDTA were also found to form TPPE-based fluorescent switches with the Hg2+ ions. The practical use of the TPPE sensor was also demonstrated by using a specific test kit. Characterization using FT-IR, NMR titration, UV titration, EDS, and HR-MS techniques showed that Hg2+ will form a 1:1 complex with TPPE. Also, the observation of a Tyndall effect, in addition to UV absorption and fluorescence spectra, did clearly demonstrate the presence of an AIE. More noteworthy, TPPE and Hg2+ were found to form a metal-organic gel (MOG) in the DMF solution. The SEM, TEM, ICP, and Zeta potential analyses confirmed that the fluorescent MOG could further adsorb an excess of Hg2+ ions. The BET analyses revealed that the MOG showed a type IV-H3 hysteresis loop according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry classification. The results of the XRD analysis and of the spectroscopic titrations show that a π-π stacking may be the auxiliary driving force for the gel formation, after that a coordination has taken place. These results indicate that further research on structurally simple metal ion fluorescent probes, which are based on the AIE, is promising for the achievement of a simultaneous fluorescent detection and adsorption of heavy metal pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Taibao Wei
- grid.412260.30000 0004 1760 1427College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- grid.411291.e0000 0000 9431 4158College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Xia F, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Fan L, Kang S, Gao X, Sun X, Li J, Li X, Zhu L. Dual-color aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles for simultaneous lateral flow immunoassay of nitrofuran metabolites in aquatic products. Food Chem 2023; 402:134235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Biswas S, Manna G, Das B, Bhattacharya A, Pal AK, Datta A, Alam P, Laskar IR, Mondal P, Mukhopadhyay MK, Sanyal MK, Acharya S. Origin of Intense Luminescence from Supramolecular 2D Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103212. [PMID: 34622549 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence enhancement in 2D molecular crystals (2D crystals) is promising for a variety of optical applications, yet the availability is limited because of unclear mechanism and inefficient design strategy of luminescence control. Herein, the room temperature phosphorescence from micron long molecular thin free-standing 2D crystals of a mono-cyclometalated Ir(III) complex designed at the water surface is reported. A large luminescence enhancement is observed from the 2D crystals at 300 K, which is comparable with the rigidified solution at 77 K suggesting room temperature phosphorescence origin of the luminescence. In situ synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements determine the constituent centered rectangular unit cells with precise molecular conformation that promotes the formation of 2D crystals. The molecular crystal design leads to a reduced singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) and mixing of singlet-triplet states by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for efficient intersystem crossing, which explains the phosphorescence origin at room temperature and luminescence enhancement. The supramolecular assembly process provides an elegant design strategy to realize room temperature phosphorescence from 2D crystals by rigid intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Biswas
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Gouranga Manna
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Bidisa Das
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Technical Research Center (TRC), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arpan Bhattacharya
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Parvej Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Inamur Rahaman Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Pramita Mondal
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Technical Research Center (TRC), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Mondal P, Biswas S, Jana D, Das B, Ghorai UK, Ghorai BK, Acharya S. Aggregation induction of tetraphenylethylene AIEgen and its supramolecular aggregates toward light-emitting diodes. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alam P, Climent C, Alemany P, Laskar IR. “Aggregation-induced emission” of transition metal compounds: Design, mechanistic insights, and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jiang H, Qin Z, Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang X. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence by Metal-Binding Protein Responsive Hydrogel Scaffolds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901170. [PMID: 30951259 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized hydrogels have aroused general interest due to their versatile applications in biomaterial fields. This work reports a hydrogel network composed of gold nanoclusters linked with bivalent cations such as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Zn2+ . The hydrogel exhibits both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) effects. Most noteworthy, the AIECL effect (≈50-fold enhancement) is even more significant than the corresponding AIE effect (approximately fivefold enhancement). Calmodulin, a Ca2+ binding protein, may efficiently regulate the AIECL dynamics after specific binding of the Ca2+ linker, with the linear range from 0.3 to 50 µg mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.1 µg mL-1 . Considering the important roles of bivalent cations in the life system, these results may pave a new avenue for the design of a biomolecule-responsive AIECL-type hydrogel with multifunctional biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Youkun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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Zhang GG, Xu SL, Xiong YH, Duan H, Chen WY, Li XM, Yuan MF, Lai WH. Ultrabright fluorescent microsphere and its novel application for improving the sensitivity of immunochromatographic assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 135:173-180. [PMID: 31022594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microsphere (FM) is widely used as probe in immunochromatographic assay (ICA). However, the performance of conventional FM is limited because of the aggregation-caused quenching effect. Herein, we compared a kind of conventional FM (DMFFM, loading DMF) with novel aggregation-induced emission FM (AIEFM, loading TCBPE). The fluorescence intensity of DMFFM initially increased and then decreased as the concentrations of the loading DMF increased. The fluorescence intensity of AIEFM increased as the concentrations of the loading TCBPE increased and retained a high value. AIEFM was compared with two commercial FMs purchased from Ocean (OFM) and Merk (MFM). The maximum fluorescence intensity and relative quantum yield of AIEFM was approximately 5 and 4.5 times higher than those of two commercial FMs. We used the novel AIEFM as a probe to improve the sensitivity of ICA. When Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected as the target, the limit of detection of ICA based on AIEFM, OFM and MFM were 3.98 × 103 CFU/mL, 4.48 × 104 and 2.78 × 104 CFU/mL, respectively. The ICA of AIEFM had 11 and 7 times improvement in sensitivity compared with that of OFM and MFM. Our results could be used as a basis for novel probes in practical ICA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Shao-Lan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yong-Hua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Wen-Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xiang-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Mei-Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Wei-Hua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; 23 rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cristina Cebrián
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, L2CM; 1 Boulevard François Arago - BP 95823 F-57000 Metz France
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Biswas S, Jana D, Kumar GS, Maji S, Kundu P, Ghorai UK, Giri RP, Das B, Chattopadhyay N, Ghorai BK, Acharya S. Supramolecular Aggregates of Tetraphenylethene-Cored AIEgen toward Mechanoluminescent and Electroluminescent Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17409-17418. [PMID: 29697251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent materials possessing both the mechanoluminescence (MCL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties are the quest for sensing and optoelectronic applications. We report on the synthesis of a new tailor-made luminogen, 1,2-bis(4-(1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylvinyl)phenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene (TPE 5), using Suzuki coupling reaction with high yield. An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active complex TPE 5 forms supramolecular spherical aggregates at the air-water interface of a Langmuir trough. As a consequence, a large enhancement of luminescence is obtained from the mono- and multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of TPE 5 owing to the AIE effect. The luminogen TPE 5 exhibits a reversible MCL response, displaying photoluminescence switching due to change in the crystalline states under external stimuli. The unique feature of luminescence enhancement upon aggregate formation is utilized for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes with low threshold voltage using supramolecular aggregates as the active layer. This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for obtaining controlled supramolecular aggregates of AIEgen with a potential in the dual applications of MCL and EL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debabrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Howrah 711103 , India
| | | | | | - Pronab Kundu
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Uttam K Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre , Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira , Belurmath, Howrah 711202 , India
| | - Rajendra P Giri
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI , 1/AF, Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | | | | | - Binay K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Howrah 711103 , India
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Long Z, Mao L, Liu M, Wan Q, Wan Y, Zhang X, Wei Y. Marrying multicomponent reactions and aggregation-induced emission (AIE): new directions for fluorescent nanoprobes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00979h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent development and progress for fabrication and applications of aggregation-induced emission polymers through multicomponent reactions have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Liucheng Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Meiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Qing Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research
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