1
|
Xie Z, Gan T, Fang L, Zhou X. Recent progress in creating complex and multiplexed surface-grafted macromolecular architectures. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8736-8759. [PMID: 32969442 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted macromolecules, including polymers, DNA, peptides, etc., are versatile modifications to tailor the interfacial functions in a wide range of fields. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent progress in engineering surface-grafted chains for the creation of complex and multiplexed surface architectures over micro- to macro-scopic areas. A brief introduction to surface grafting is given first. Then the fabrication of complex surface architectures is summarized with a focus on controlled chain conformations, grafting densities and three-dimensional structures. Furthermore, recent advances are highlighted for the generation of multiplexed arrays with designed chemical composition in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The applications of such complicated macromolecular architectures are then briefly discussed. Finally, some perspective outlooks for future studies and challenges are suggested. We hope that this review will be helpful to those just entering this field and those in the field requiring quick access to useful reference information about the progress in the properties, processing, performance, and applications of functional surface-grafted architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingangxi Road No. 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Tiansheng Gan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Lvye Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingangxi Road No. 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hendrich K, Peng W, Vana P. Controlled Arrangement of Gold Nanoparticles on Planar Surfaces via Constrained Dewetting of Surface-Grafted RAFT Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1214. [PMID: 32466607 PMCID: PMC7362209 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear and four-arm star polystyrene samples prepared by RAFT polymerization were grafted to gold surfaces directly via their thiocarbonylthio-end groups. Nanoscale polymer patterns were subsequently formed via constrained dewetting. The patterned polymer films then served as a template for the precise arrangement of gold nanoparticles in a monolayer with a well-defined and regular structure. Using star polymers as a linker between the planar gold surface and the particles, the structural stability of the arranged particles can be further enhanced. The surface-bound nanocomposite films made of polymer and nanoparticles can also reversibly switch their nanostructures by simple wetting or dewetting treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Vana
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; (K.H.); (W.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Zhu H, Masson JF, Bazuin CG. Monolayer Arrays of Nanoparticles on Block Copolymer Brush Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5114-5124. [PMID: 30905161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles (NPs) have widespread applications in optical coatings, plasmonic sensors, and nanocomposites. Current bottom-up approaches that use homogeneous NP templates, such as silane self-assembled monolayers or homopolymers, are typically plagued by NP aggregation, whereas patterned block copolymer (BCP) films require specific compositions for specific NP distributions. Here, we show, using polystyrene- b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS- b-P4VP) and gold NPs (AuNPs) of various sizes, that a nanothin PS- b-P4VP brushlike coating (comprised of a P4VP wetting layer and a PS overlayer), which is adsorbed onto flat substrates during their immersion in very dilute PS- b-P4VP tetrahydrofuran solutions, provides an excellent template for obtaining dense and well-dispersed AuNPs with little aggregation. These non-close-packed arrays have similar characteristics regardless of immersion time in solution (about 10-120 s studied), solution concentration below a critical value (0.1 and 0.05 mg/mL studied), and AuNP diameter (10-90 nm studied). Very dilute BCP solutions are necessary to avoid deposition, during substrate withdrawal, of additional material onto the adsorbed BCP layer, which typically leads to patterned surfaces. The PS brush coverage depends on immersion time (adsorption kinetics), but full coverage does not inhibit AuNP adsorption, which is attributed to PS molecular rearrangement during exposure to the aqueous AuNP colloidal solution. The simplicity, versatility and robustness of the method will enable applications in materials science requiring dense, unaggregated NP arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhu
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville , Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville , Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville , Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C 3J7
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galati E, Tao H, Tebbe M, Ansari R, Rubinstein M, Zhulina EB, Kumacheva E. Helicoidal Patterning of Nanorods with Polymer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3123-3127. [PMID: 30604462 PMCID: PMC6400493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral packing of ligands on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is of fundamental and practical importance, as it determines how NPs interact with each other and with the molecular world. Herein, for gold nanorods (NRs) capped with end-grafted nonchiral polymer ligands, we show a new mechanism of chiral surface patterning. Under poor solvency conditions, a smooth polymer layer segregates into helicoidally organized surface-pinned micelles (patches). The helicoidal morphology is dictated by the polymer grafting density and the ratio of the polymer ligand length to nanorod radius. Outside this specific parameter space, a range of polymer surface structures was observed, including random, shish-kebab, and hybrid patches, as well as a smooth polymer layer. We characterize polymer surface morphology by theoretical and experimental state diagrams. The helicoidally organized polymer patches on the NR surface can be used as a template for the helicoidal organization of other NPs, masked synthesis on the NR surface, as well as the exploration of new NP self-assembly modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Galati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Huachen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Moritz Tebbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rija Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199004, Russia,
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu H, Lussier F, Ducrot C, Bourque MJ, Spatz JP, Cui W, Yu L, Peng W, Trudeau LÉ, Bazuin CG, Masson JF. Block Copolymer Brush Layer-Templated Gold Nanoparticles on Nanofibers for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Optophysiology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4373-4384. [PMID: 30615826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nanothin block copolymer (BCP) brush-layer film adsorbed on glass nanofibers is shown to address the long-standing challenge of forming a template for the deposition of dense and well-dispersed nanoparticles on highly curved surfaces, allowing the development of an improved nanosensor for neurotransmitters. We employed a polystyrene- block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) BCP and plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 52 nm in diameter for the fabrication of the nanosensor on pulled fibers with diameters down to 200 nm. The method is simple, using only solution processes and a plasma cleaning step. The templating of the AuNPs on the nanofiber surprisingly gave rise to more than 1 order of magnitude improvement in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance for 4-mercaptobenzoic acid compared to the same AuNPs aggregated on identical fibers without the use of a template. We hypothesize that a wavelength-scale lens formed by the nanofiber contributes to enhancing the SERS performance to the extent that it can melt the glass nanofiber under moderate laser power. We then show the capability of this nanosensor to detect the corelease of the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate from living mouse brain dopaminergic neurons with a sensitivity 1 order of magnitude greater than with aggregated AuNPs. The simplicity of fabrication and the far superior performance of the BCP-templated nanofiber demonstrates the potential of this method to efficiently pattern nanoparticles on highly curved surfaces and its application as molecular nanosensors for cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , INF 253 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Wenli Cui
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galati E, Tao H, Tebbe M, Ansari R, Rubinstein M, Zhulina EB, Kumacheva E. Helicoidal Patterning of Nanorods with Polymer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Galati
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Huachen Tao
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Moritz Tebbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Rija Ansari
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Biomedical Engineering, Physics and Chemistry Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Ekaterina B. Zhulina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg 199004 Russia
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rossner C, Letofsky-Papst I, Fery A, Lederer A, Kothleitner G. Thermoreversible Surface Polymer Patches: A Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8622-8628. [PMID: 29958497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid core-shell type nanoparticles from gold nanoparticle cores and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) shells were investigated with regard to their structural plasticity. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used to synthesize well-defined polymers that can be readily anchored onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The polymer shell morphologies were directly visualized in their native solution state at high resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and the microscopic results were further corroborated by dynamic light scattering. Different environmental conditions and brush architectures are covered by our experiments, which leads to distinct thermally induced responses. These responses include constrained dewetting of the nanoparticle surface at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide), leading to surface polymer patches. This effect provides a novel approach toward breaking the symmetry of nanoparticle interactions, and we show first evidence for its impact on the formation of colloidal superstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Fery
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim J, Song X, Kim A, Luo B, Smith JW, Ou Z, Wu Z, Chen Q. Reconfigurable Polymer Shells on Shape-Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticle Cores. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800101. [PMID: 29722094 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable hybrid nanoparticles made by decorating flexible polymer shells on rigid inorganic nanoparticle cores can provide a unique means to build stimuli-responsive functional materials. The polymer shell reconfiguration has been expected to depend on the local core shape details, but limited systematic investigations have been undertaken. Here, two literature methods are adapted to coat either thiol-terminated polystyrene (PS) or polystyrene-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) shells onto a series of anisotropic gold nanoparticles of shapes not studied previously, including octahedron, concave cube, and bipyramid. These core shapes are complex, rendering shell contours with nanoscale details (e.g., local surface curvature, shell thickness) that are imaged and analyzed quantitatively using the authors' customized analysis codes. It is found that the hybrid nanoparticles based on the chosen core shapes, when coated with the above two polymer shells, exhibit distinct shell segregations upon a variation in solvent polarity or temperature. It is demonstrated for the PS-b-PAA-coated hybrid nanoparticles, the shell segregation is maintained even after a further decoration of the shell periphery with gold seeds; these seeds can potentially facilitate subsequent deposition of other nanostructures to enrich structural and functional diversity. These synthesis, imaging, and analysis methods for the hybrid nanoparticles of anisotropically shaped cores can potentially aid in their predictive design for materials reconfigurable from the bottom up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Binbin Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John W Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu J, Jackson NE, Xu X, Brettmann BK, Ruths M, de Pablo JJ, Tirrell M. Multivalent ions induce lateral structural inhomogeneities in polyelectrolyte brushes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao1497. [PMID: 29226245 PMCID: PMC5722652 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Subtle details about a polyelectrolyte's surrounding environment can dictate its structural features and potential applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface forces apparatus (SFA) measurements, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are combined to study the structure of planar polyelectrolyte brushes [poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS] in a variety of solvent conditions. More specifically, AFM images provide a first direct visualization of lateral inhomogeneities on the surface of polyelectrolyte brushes collapsed in solutions containing trivalent counterions. These images are interpreted in the context of a coarse-grained molecular model and are corroborated by accompanying interaction force measurements with the SFA. Our findings indicate that lateral inhomogeneities are absent from PSS brush layers collapsed in a poor solvent without multivalent ions. Together, AFM, SFA, and our molecular model present a detailed picture in which solvophobic and multivalent ion-induced effects work in concert to drive strong phase separation, with electrostatic bridging of polyelectrolyte chains playing an essential role in the collapsed structure formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nicholas E. Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Blair K. Brettmann
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marina Ruths
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|