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Hu F, Dong B, Yu D, Zhao R, Chen W, Song Z, Lu P, Zhang F, Wang Z, Liu X, Wang H, Liu W, Li H. Highly stretchable, self-healing, antibacterial, conductive, and amylopectin-enhanced hydrogels with gallium droplets loading as strain sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122357. [PMID: 39048189 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we address the challenge of developing highly conductive hydrogels with enhanced stretchability for use in wearable sensors, which are critical for the precise detection of human motion and subtle physiological strains. Our novel approach utilizes amylopectin, a biopolymer, for the uniform integration of liquid metal gallium into the hydrogel matrix. This integration results in a conductive hydrogel characterized by remarkable elasticity (up to 7100 % extensibility) and superior electrical conductance (Gauge Factor = 31.4), coupled with a minimal detection limit of less than 0.1 % and exceptional durability over 5000 cycles. The hydrogel demonstrates significant antibacterial activity, inhibiting microbial growth in moist environments, thus enhancing its applicability in medical settings. Employing a synthesis process that involves ambient condition polymerization of acrylic acid, facilitated by a hydrophobic associative framework, this hydrogel stands out for its rapid gelation and robust mechanical properties. The potential applications of this hydrogel extend beyond wearable sensors, promising advancements in human-computer interaction through technologies like wireless actuation of robotic systems. This study not only introduces a viable material for current wearable technologies but also sets a foundation for future innovations in bio-compatible sensors and interactive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Baoting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China; Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd. & Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. Ltd., Dongying, Shandong Province 257335, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Zhaoping Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Shandong Huatai Paper Co., Ltd. & Shandong Yellow Triangle Biotechnology Industry Research Institute Co. Ltd., Dongying, Shandong Province 257335, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250353, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province 250012, China.
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2
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Ling S, Wei X, Luo X, Li X, Li S, Xiong F, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Surfactant Micelle-Driven High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400303. [PMID: 38501842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High-efficiency extraction of long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent optoelectronic properties from SWCNT solution is critical for enabling their application in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a straightforward and high-efficiency method is reported for length separation of SWCNTs by modulating the concentrations of binary surfactants. The results demonstrate that long SWCNTs can spontaneously precipitate for binary-surfactant but not for single-surfactant systems. This effect is attributed to the formation of compound micelles by binary surfactants that squeeze the free space of long SWCNTs due to their large excluded volumes. With this technique, it can readily separate near-pure long (≥500 nm in length, 99% in content) and short (≤500 nm in length, 98% in content) SWCNTs with separation efficiencies of 26% and 64%, respectively, exhibiting markedly greater length resolution and separation efficiency than those of previously reported methods. Thin-film transistors fabricated from extracted semiconducting SWCNTs with lengths >500 nm exhibit significantly improved electrical properties, including a 10.5-fold on-state current and 14.7-fold mobility, compared with those with lengths <500 nm. The present length separation technique is perfectly compatible with various surfactant-based methods for structure separations of SWCNTs and is significant for fabrication of high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ling
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feibing Xiong
- Department of Optoelectronic, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Physics and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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3
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Teng Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Mei S, Nan X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xue C, Gao L, Li J. Fully printed minimum port flexible interdigital electrode sensor arrays. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7427-7436. [PMID: 38525943 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Screen-printed interdigital electrode-based flexible pressure sensor arrays play a crucial role in human-computer interaction and health monitoring due to their simplicity of fabrication. However, the long-standing challenge of how to reduce the number of electrical output ports of interdigital electrodes to facilitate integration with back-end circuits is still commonly ignored. Here, we propose a screen-printing strategy to avoid wire cross-planes for rapid fabrication of flexible pressure sensor arrays. By innovatively introducing an insulating ink to realize electrical insulation and three-dimensional interconnection of wire crossings, the improved sensor array (4 × 4) successfully reduces the number of output ports from 17 to 8. In addition, we further constructed microstructures on the laser-etched electrode surfaces and the sensitive layer, which enabled the sensor to achieve a sensitivity as high as 17 567.5 kPa-1 in the range of 0-50 kPa. Moreover, we integrated the sensors with back-end circuits for the precise detection of tactile and physiological information. This provides a reliable method for preparing high-performance flexible sensor arrays and large-scale integration of microsensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Teng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Shixuan Mei
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Xikuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Junyang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
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4
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Xiao Z, Yao Q, Xia X, Mei J, Zhang D, Chen P, Li S, Wang Y, Rao G, Xie S. A High-Temperature Accelerometer with Excellent Performance Based on the Improved Graphene Aerogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19337-19348. [PMID: 37023408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature accelerometer plays an important role for ensuring normal operation of equipment in aerospace, such as monitoring and identifying abnormal vibrations of aircraft engines. Phase transitions of piezoelectric crystals, mechanical failure and current leakage of piezoresistive/capacitive materials are the prominent inherent limitations of present high-temperature accelerometers working continuously above 973 K. With the rapid development of aerospace, it is a great challenge to develop a new type of vibration sensor to meet the crucial demands at high temperature. Here we report a high-temperature accelerometer working with a contact resistance mechanism. Based on the improved graphene aerogel (GA) prepared by a modulated treatment process, the accelerometer can operate continuously and stably at 1073 K and intermittently at 1273 K. The developed sensor is lightweight (sensitive element <5 mg) and has high sensitivity (an order of magnitude higher than MEMS accelerometers) and wide frequency response range (up to 5 kHz at 1073 K) with marked stability, repeatability and low nonlinearity error (<1%). These merits are attributed to the excellent and stable mechanical properties of the improved GA in the range of 299-1073 K. The accelerometer could be a promising candidate for high-temperature vibration sensing in space stations, planetary rovers and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuojian Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingrong Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Huang X, Zheng S, Liang B, He M, Wu F, Yang J, Chen HJ, Xie X. 3D-assembled microneedle ion sensor-based wearable system for the transdermal monitoring of physiological ion fluctuations. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 36910258 PMCID: PMC9998623 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring human health is of considerable significance in biomedicine. In particular, the ion concentrations in blood are important reference indicators related to many diseases. Microneedle array-based sensors have enabled promising breakthroughs in continuous health monitoring due to their minimally invasive nature. In this study, we developed a microneedle sensing-array integrated system to continuously detect subcutaneous ions to monitor human health status in real time based on a fabrication strategy for assembling planar microneedle sheets to form 3D microneedle arrays. The limitations of preparing 3D microneedle structures with multiple electrode channels were addressed by assembling planar microneedle sheets fabricated via laser micromachining; the challenges of modifying closely spaced microneedle tips into different functionalized types of electrodes were avoided. The microneedle sensing system was sufficiently sensitive for detecting real-time changes in Ca2+, K+, and Na+ concentrations, and it exhibited good detection performance. The in vivo results showed that the ion-sensing microneedle array successfully monitored the fluctuations in Ca2+, K+, and Na+ in the interstitial fluids of rats in real time. By using an integrated circuit design, we constructed the proposed microneedle sensor into a wearable integrated monitoring system. The integrated system could potentially provide information feedback for diseases related to physiological ion changes.
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Grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFF1200700), National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA0911100), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2021A1515012261), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2019A1515012087), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 202102080192), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 202103000076), the open research grant of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies of Sun Yat-sen University (OEMT-2022-ZRC-04), and Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou (P2L2021KF0003)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Pazhou Lab, 510330 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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A calibratable sensory neuron based on epitaxial VO 2 for spike-based neuromorphic multisensory system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3973. [PMID: 35803938 PMCID: PMC9270461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromorphic perception systems inspired by biology have tremendous potential in efficiently processing multi-sensory signals from the physical world, but a highly efficient hardware element capable of sensing and encoding multiple physical signals is still lacking. Here, we report a spike-based neuromorphic perception system consisting of calibratable artificial sensory neurons based on epitaxial VO2, where the high crystalline quality of VO2 leads to significantly improved cycle-to-cycle uniformity. A calibration resistor is introduced to optimize device-to-device consistency, and to adapt the VO2 neuron to different sensors with varied resistance level, a scaling resistor is further incorporated, demonstrating cross-sensory neuromorphic perception component that can encode illuminance, temperature, pressure and curvature signals into spikes. These components are utilized to monitor the curvatures of fingers, thereby achieving hand gesture classification. This study addresses the fundamental cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variation issues of sensory neurons, therefore promoting the construction of neuromorphic perception systems for e-skin and neurorobotics.
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7
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Hintermueller D, Prakash R. Comprehensive Characterization of Solution-Cast Pristine and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Sensory Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2546. [PMID: 35808590 PMCID: PMC9268764 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pristine and doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are actively investigated for a broad range of applications in pressure sensing, energy harvesting, transducers, porous membranes, etc. There have been numerous reports on the improved piezoelectric and electric performance of PVDF-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structures. However, the common in situ doping methods have proven to be expensive and less desirable. Furthermore, there is a lack of explicit extraction of the compression mode piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in ex situ rGO doped PVDF composite films prepared using low-cost, solution-cast processes. In this work, we describe an optimal procedure for preparing high-quality pristine and nano-composite PVDF films using solution-casting and thermal poling. We then verify their electromechanical properties by rigorously characterizing β-phase concentration, crystallinity, piezoelectric coefficient, dielectric permittivity, and loss tangent. We also demonstrate a novel stationary atomic force microscope (AFM) technique designed to reduce non-piezoelectric influences on the extraction of d33 in PVDF films. We then discuss the benefits of our d33 measurements technique over commercially sourced piezometers and conventional piezoforce microscopy (PFM). Characterization outcomes from our in-house synthesized films demonstrate that the introduction of 0.3%w.t. rGO nanoparticles in a solution-cast only marginally changes the β-phase concentration from 83.7% to 81.7% and decreases the crystallinity from 42.4% to 37.3%, whereas doping increases the piezoelectric coefficient by 28% from d33 = 45 pm/V to d33 = 58 pm/V, while also improving the dielectric by 28%. The piezoelectric coefficients of our films were generally higher but comparable to other in situ prepared PVDF/rGO composite films, while the dielectric permittivity and β-phase concentrations were found to be lower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Prakash
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
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8
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Yuan Y, Solin N. Protein-Based Flexible Conductive Aerogels for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3360-3370. [PMID: 35694974 PMCID: PMC9297298 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gelatin is an excellent
gelling agent and is widely employed for
hydrogel formation. Because of the poor mechanical properties of gelatin
when dry, gelatin-aerogels are comparatively rare. Herein we demonstrate
that protein nanofibrils can be employed to improve the mechanical
properties of gelatin aerogels, and the materials can moreover be
functionalized with a an electrically conductive polyelectrolyte resulting
in formation of an elastic electrically conductive aerogel that can
be employed as a piezoresistive pressure sensor. The aerogel sensor
shows a good linear relationship in a wide pressure range (1.8–300
kPa) with a sensitivity of 1.8 kPa–1. This work
presents a convenient way to produce electrically conductive elastic
aerogels from low-cost protein precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Solin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Lin Z, Jiang W, Chen Z, Zhong L, Liu C. Shape-Memory and Anisotropic Carbon Aerogel from Biomass and Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185715. [PMID: 34577185 PMCID: PMC8464720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass, as the most abundant and sustainable resource on the earth, has been regarded as an ideal carbon source to prepare various carbon materials. However, manufacturing shape-memory carbon aerogels with excellent compressibility and elasticity from biomass remains an open challenge. Herein, a cellulose-derived carbon aerogel with an anisotropic architecture is fabricated with the assistance of graphene oxide (GO) through a directional freeze-drying process and carbonization. The carbon aerogel displays excellent shape-memory performances, with high stress and height retentions of 93.6% and 95.5% after 1000 compression cycles, respectively. Moreover, the carbon aerogel can identify large ranges of compression strain (10–80%), and demonstrates excellent current stability during cyclic compression. The carbon aerogel can precisely capture a variety of biological signals in the human body, and thus can be used in wearable electronic devices.
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10
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Gao L, Wang M, Wang W, Xu H, Wang Y, Zhao H, Cao K, Xu D, Li L. Highly Sensitive Pseudocapacitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Broad Sensing Range. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:140. [PMID: 34138418 PMCID: PMC8193410 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS The iontronic pressure sensor achieved an ultrahigh sensitivity (Smin > 200 kPa-1, Smax > 45,000 kPa-1). The iontronic pressure sensor exhibited a broad sensing range of over 1.4 MPa. Pseudocapacitive iontronic pressure sensor using MXene was proposed. Flexible pressure sensors are unprecedentedly studied on monitoring human physical activities and robotics. Simultaneously, improving the response sensitivity and sensing range of flexible pressure sensors is a great challenge, which hinders the devices' practical application. Targeting this obstacle, we developed a Ti3C2Tx-derived iontronic pressure sensor (TIPS) by taking the advantages of the high intercalation pseudocapacitance under high pressure and rationally designed structural configuration. TIPS achieved an ultrahigh sensitivity (Smin > 200 kPa-1, Smax > 45,000 kPa-1) in a broad sensing range of over 1.4 MPa and low limit of detection of 20 Pa as well as stable long-term working durability for 10,000 cycles. The practical application of TIPS in physical activity monitoring and flexible robot manifested its versatile potential. This study provides a demonstration for exploring pseudocapacitive materials for building flexible iontronic sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and sensing range to advance the development of high-performance wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.
| | - Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xian Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xian, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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11
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Wang M, Luo Y, Wang T, Wan C, Pan L, Pan S, He K, Neo A, Chen X. Artificial Skin Perception. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003014. [PMID: 32930454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ, with the functionalities of protection, regulation, and sensation. The emulation of human skin via flexible and stretchable electronics gives rise to electronic skin (e-skin), which has realized artificial sensation and other functions that cannot be achieved by conventional electronics. To date, tremendous progress has been made in data acquisition and transmission for e-skin systems, while the implementation of perception within systems, that is, sensory data processing, is still in its infancy. Integrating the perception functionality into a flexible and stretchable sensing system, namely artificial skin perception, is critical to endow current e-skin systems with higher intelligence. Here, recent progress in the design and fabrication of artificial skin perception devices and systems is summarized, and challenges and prospects are discussed. The strategies for implementing artificial skin perception utilize either conventional silicon-based circuits or novel flexible computing devices such as memristive devices and synaptic transistors, which enable artificial skin to surpass human skin, with a distributed, low-latency, and energy-efficient information-processing ability. In future, artificial skin perception would be a new enabling technology to construct next-generation intelligent electronic devices and systems for advanced applications, such as robotic surgery, rehabilitation, and prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Pan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaowu Pan
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Aden Neo
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices, Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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12
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Sun QJ, Zhao XH, Yeung CC, Tian Q, Kong KW, Wu W, Venkatesh S, Li WJ, Roy VAL. Bioinspired, Self-Powered, and Highly Sensitive Electronic Skin for Sensing Static and Dynamic Pressures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37239-37247. [PMID: 32814376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors obtain global research interest owing to their potential applications in healthcare, human-robot interaction, and artificial nerves. However, an additional power supply is usually required to drive the sensors, which results in increased complexity of the pressure sensing system. Despite the great efforts in pursuing self-powered pressure sensors, most of the self-powered devices can merely detect the dynamic pressure and the reliable static pressure detection is still challenging. With the help of redox-induced electricity, a bioinspired graphite/polydimethylsiloxane piezoresistive composite film acting both as the cathode and pressure sensing layer, a neoteric electronic skin sensor is presented here to detect not only the dynamic forces but also the static forces without an external power supply. Additionally, the sensor exhibits a fascinating pressure sensitivity of ∼103 kPa-1 over a broad sensing range from 0.02 to 30 kPa. Benefiting from the advanced performance of the device, various potential applications including arterial pulse monitoring, human motion detecting, and Morse code generation are successfully demonstrated. This new strategy could pave a way for the development of next-generation self-powered wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Chung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qiong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Wai Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shishir Venkatesh
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wen-Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Dinh T, Nguyen T, Phan HP, Nguyen TK, Dau VT, Nguyen NT, Dao DV. Advances in Rational Design and Materials of High-Performance Stretchable Electromechanical Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905707. [PMID: 32101372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and wearable sensor technology has attracted significant interests and created high technological impact on portable healthcare and smart human-machine interfaces. Wearable electromechanical systems are an important part of this technology that has recently witnessed tremendous progress toward high-performance devices for commercialization. Over the past few years, great attention has been paid to simultaneously enhance the sensitivity and stretchability of the electromechanical sensors toward high sensitivity, ultra-stretchability, low power consumption or self-power functionalities, miniaturisation as well as simplicity in design and fabrication. This work presents state-of-the-art advanced materials and rational designs of electromechanical sensors for wearable applications. Advances in various sensing concepts and structural designs for intrinsic stretchable conductive materials as well as advanced rational platforms are discussed. In addition, the practical applications and challenges in the development of stretchable electromechanical sensors are briefly mentioned and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Van Thanh Dau
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4125, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, 4300, Queensland, Australia
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Li Y, Jiang C, Han W. Extending the pressure sensing range of porous polypyrrole with multiscale microstructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2081-2088. [PMID: 31912843 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based piezoresistive sensors that combine the flexibility and stretchability of organic polymers have received considerable attention in flexible and wearable sensing systems. Generally, highly sensitive pressure sensors have a limited pressure sensing range, while pressure sensors with a wide pressure response range usually have limited pressure resolution. Herein, we used a polypyrrole (PPy) sponge with multiscale porous structures to extend the pressure sensing range of PPy-based piezoresistive sensors. The multiscale microstructures with different sizes will sink in sequence after increasing the external pressure and therefore exhibit a wide pressure response range. Our results show that the piezoresistive composite has a superior sensitivity of 28 kPa-1 and a broad stress range of 0-60 kPa. Moreover, the composite displays a stable, repeatable and durable performance over 16 000 cycles. It can be used to monitor diverse body part motions, including vocalization, pulse beating and joint bending. This work provides an effective strategy to extend the pressure sensing range of polymer-based piezoresistive sensors in the manner of structure design rather than modifying the intrinsic properties of active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Thermal Flow Self-Assembled Anisotropic Chemically Derived Graphene Aerogels and Their Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091226. [PMID: 31470630 PMCID: PMC6780988 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the directional heating of graphene oxide (GO) dispersion to generate a temperature gradient and form a simulated “ocean current” inside the dispersion so that GO sheets could be aligned in a directional manner and then reduced and self-assembled into anisotropic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) gel. After freeze-drying and varying degrees of vacuum microwave treatment, anisotropic chemically derived graphene aerogels (AGAs) were obtained. Through performance detection and the analysis of the results, it was verified that the AGAs with certain characteristics of “ocean current” were prepared in this experiment, and its axial direction has obvious directional arrangement. After being treated by vacuum microwave for a short time (1 min.), the axial thermal conductivity of the composite materials (AGA-adsorbed paraffin) was observed to be 1.074 W/mK, and the thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency was 995%; as compared with similar thermal conductivity enhancement composites that were found in previous studies, the proposed method in this paper has the advantages of simple processing, high efficiency, and energy conservation.
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