1
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Wang P, Wang H, Li N, Sun J, Hong B. Mo 2C-MoP heterostructure regulate the adsorption energy of electrocatalysts in high-performance Li-S batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:497-505. [PMID: 38128193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The cathodic polysulfides electrocatalyst, such as Mo2C, offers a promising approach to mitigate the shuttling effect by providing strong polysulfide adsorption and catalyst abilities to improve the electrochemical performance of Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, according to the Sabatier principle, excessive adsorption of Mo2C undermines the conversion of polysulfides. This undesirable effect can be mitigated by forming the heterostructure of Mo2C-MoP. Even more importantly, the introduction of MoP can prevent the surface gelation of Mo2C and expose more active sites. Consequently, the Li-S batteries with the Mo2C-MoP sulfur host exhibit outstanding long-term cycling stability, showcasing a mere 0.035% capacity decay per cycle over 800 cycles at 1 C. This work on the balance between adsorption capacity and catalytic active of cathodic polysulfides electrocatalyst provides a new vision for realizing a high-performance Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haopeng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Na Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Bo Hong
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
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2
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Pan H, Cheng Z, Zhou Z, Xie S, Zhang W, Han N, Guo W, Fransaer J, Luo J, Cabot A, Wübbenhorst M. Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium-Sulfur Battery Performance with Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:165. [PMID: 37386313 PMCID: PMC10310691 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li-S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios (< 10 µL mg-1), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li-S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sijie Xie
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Fransaer
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jiangshui Luo
- Lab of Electrolytes and Phase Change Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Advanced Materials Department, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adria del Besos, 08930, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Wang Z, Che H, Lu W, Chao Y, Wang L, Liang B, Liu J, Xu Q, Cui X. Application of Inorganic Quantum Dots in Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301355. [PMID: 37088862 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as one of the most attractive alternatives for post-lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, the large-scale application of Li-S batteries remains enormously problematic because of the poor cycling life and safety problems, induced by the low conductivity , severe shuttling effect, poor reaction kinetics, and lithium dendrite formation. In recent studies, catalytic techniques are reported to promote the commercial application of Li-S batteries. Compared with the conventional catalytic sites on host materials, quantum dots (QDs) with ultrafine particle size (<10 nm) can provide large accessible surface area and strong polarity to restrict the shuttling effect, excellent catalytic effect to enhance the kinetics of redox reactions, as well as abundant lithiophilic nucleation sites to regulate Li deposition. In this review, the intrinsic hurdles of S conversion and Li stripping/plating reactions are first summarized. More importantly, a comprehensive overview is provided of inorganic QDs, in improving the efficiency and stability of Li-S batteries, with the strategies including composition optimization, defect and morphological engineering, design of heterostructures, and so forth. Finally, the prospects and challenges of QDs in Li-S batteries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosen Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haiyun Che
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Lu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Chao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- High & New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Cui
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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4
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Sun J, Liu Y, Liu L, Bi J, Wang S, Du Z, Du H, Wang K, Ai W, Huang W. Interface Engineering Toward Expedited Li 2 S Deposition in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211168. [PMID: 36756778 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) with superior energy density are among the most promising candidates of next-generation energy storage techniques. As the key step contributing to 75% of the overall capacity, Li2 S deposition remains a formidable challenge for LSBs applications because of its sluggish kinetics. The severe kinetic issue originates from the huge interfacial impedances, indicative of the interface-dominated nature of Li2 S deposition. Accordingly, increasing efforts have been devoted to interface engineering for efficient Li2 S deposition, which has attained inspiring success to date. However, a systematic overview and in-depth understanding of this critical field are still absent. In this review, the principles of interface-controlled Li2 S precipitation are presented, clarifying the pivotal roles of electrolyte-substrate and electrolyte-Li2 S interfaces in regulating Li2 S depositing behavior. For the optimization of the electrolyte-substrate interface, efforts on the design of substrates including metal compounds, functionalized carbons, and organic compounds are systematically summarized. Regarding the regulation of electrolyte-Li2 S interface, the progress of applying polysulfides catholytes, redox mediators, and high-donicity/polarity electrolytes is overviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions aiming at optimizing Li2 S deposition are given for further development of practical LSBs. This review would inspire more insightful works and, more importantly, may enlighten other electrochemical areas concerning heterogeneous deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingxuan Bi
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhuzhu Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongfang Du
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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5
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Gu S, Xu S, Song X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou G, Wang N, Chang H. Electrostatic Potential-Induced Co-N 4 Active Centers in a 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50815-50826. [PMID: 36310356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of single-atom catalysts is a promising approach to solve the issues of polysulfide shuttle and sluggish conversion chemistry in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, a single-atom catalyst usually contains a low content of active centers because more metal ions lead to generation of aggregation or the formation of nonatomic catalysts. Herein, a 2D conductive metal-organic framework [Co3(HITP)2] with abundant and periodic Co-N4 centers was decorated on carbon fiber paper as a functional interlayer for advanced Li-S batteries. The Co3(HITP)2-decorated interlayer exhibits a chemical anchoring effect and facilitates conversion kinetics, thus effectively restraining the polysulfide shuttle effect. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Co-N4 centers in Co3(HITP)2 feature more intense electron density and more negative electrostatic potential distribution than those in the carbon matrix as the single-atom catalyst, thereby promoting the electrochemical performance due to the lower reaction Gibbs free energies and decomposition energy barriers. As a result, the optimized batteries deliver a high rate capacity of over 400 mA h g-1 at 4 C current and a satisfying capacity decay rate of 0.028% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. The designed Co3(HITP)2-decorated interlayer was used to prepare one of the most advanced Li-S batteries with excellent performance (reversible capacity of 762 mA h g-1 and 79.6% capacity retention over 500 cycles) under high-temperature conditions, implying its great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Shuzheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Li
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy Vehicle Power Lithium Battery, School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou545006, P. R. China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen518063, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Nianxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan250353, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy Vehicle Power Lithium Battery, School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou545006, P. R. China
- Quantum-Nano Matter and Device Lab, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen518063, P. R. China
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6
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Zhai S, Liu W, Hu Y, Chen Z, Xu H, Xu S, Wu L, Ye Z, Wang X, Mei T. Kinetic Acceleration of Lithium Polysulfide Conversion via a Copper-Iridium Alloying Catalytic Strategy in Li-S Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50932-50946. [PMID: 36344909 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To solve the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), a porous N-doped carbon-supported copper-iridium alloy catalyst composite (CuIr/NC) has been synthesized and served as a modified cathode sulfur host for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). The metal-organic framework-derived calcined carbon frameworks build efficient conductive channels for fast ion/electron transport. Furthermore, alloying noble metals Ir with thiophilic metal Cu provides abundant active sites to effectively capture LiPSs and accelerate the catalytic conversion process, originating from modulating the surface electronic structure of the metal Cu by introducing Ir atoms to affect the 3d-orbital distribution. All of the above are strongly supported by a range of characterization studies and density functional theory calculations. Benefiting from the above advantages, the LSBs generally show satisfactory cycling performance. Apart from exhibiting a terrific initial specific capacity of 1288 mA h g-1 at 0.2 C, they can also keep long-term cycling stability under a high current density up to 5 C together with a slow specific capacity decay ratio (0.033%) per cycle after 1000 cycles. In addition, it is worth mentioning that a high areal capacity (4.7 mA h cm-2) with a low E/S ratio (6.2 μL mg-1) could still be accomplished at higher sulfur loading (4.3 mg cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Zhai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Zihe Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, P. R. China
| | - Songsong Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Zimujun Ye
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Mei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Overseas, Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (D18025), Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, P. R. China
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7
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Chai L, Wang X, Hu Y, Li X, Huang S, Pan J, Qian J, Sun X. In-MOF-Derived Hierarchically Hollow Carbon Nanostraws for Advanced Zinc-Iodine Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105063. [PMID: 36181364 PMCID: PMC9685461 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hollow carbon materials are regarded as crucial support materials in catalysis and electrochemical energy storage on account of their unique porous structure and electrical properties. Herein, an indium-based organic framework of InOF-1 can be thermally carbonized under inert argon to form indium particles through the redox reaction between nanosized indium oxide and carbon matrix. In particular, a type of porous hollow carbon nanostraw (HCNS) is in situ obtained by combining the fusion and removal of indium within the decarboxylation process. The as-synthesized HCNS, which possesses more charge active sites, short and quick electron, and ion transport pathways, has become an excellent carrier for electrochemically active species such as iodine with its unique internal cavity and interconnected porous structure on the tube wall. Furthermore, the assembled zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) provide a high capacity of 234.1 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 , which ensures that the adsorption and dissolution of iodine species in the electrolyte reach a rapid equilibrium. The rate and cycle performance of the HCNS-based ZIBs are greatly improved, thereby exhibiting an excellent capacity retention rate. It shows a better electrochemical exchange capacity than typical unidirectional carbon nanotubes, making HCNS an ideal cathode material for a new generation of high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325000China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical CatalystsBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325000China
| | - Xifei Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and DevicesInstitute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy & School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of TechnologyXi'anShanxi710048China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Junqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical CatalystsBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou325000China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONN6A 5 B9Canada
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8
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Cheng R, Xian X, Manasa P, Liu J, Xia Y, Guan Y, Wei S, Li Z, Li B, Xu F, Sun L. Carbon Coated Metal-Based Composite Electrode Materials for Lithium Sulfur Batteries: A Review. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200168. [PMID: 36240459 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising secondary battery systems due to their high energy density and low material cost. During the past decade, great progress has been achieved in promoting the performances of Li-S batteries by addressing the challenges at the laboratory-level model systems. With growing attention paid to the application of Li-S batteries, new challenges at practical cell scales emerge as the bottleneck. However, challenges remain for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries. The current review mainly focused on metal-based catalysts decorated-carbon materials for enhanced lithium sulfur battery performance. Firstly, the synthesis methods of various carbon-sulfur composites are discussed, as well as the influence of different material structures on the electrochemical performance. Secondly, a variety of catalysts, including metal atoms, metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, and carbide-decorated carbon nanomaterials, are systematically introduced to determine how lithium can be enhanced by suppressing polysulfides and promoting redox conversion reactions. Also, analyzed the multi-step electrochemical reaction mechanism of the battery during the charging and discharging process, and provide a feasible path for the practical application of high energy density lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riguang Cheng
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xinyi Xian
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Pantrangi Manasa
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Xia
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yanxun Guan
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zengyi Li
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Fen Xu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Lixian Sun
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.,School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
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9
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Qi Y, Li N, Zhang K, Yang Y, Ren Z, You J, Hou Q, Shen C, Jin T, Peng Z, Xie K. Dynamic Liquid Metal Catalysts for Boosted Lithium Polysulfides Redox Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204810. [PMID: 35953449 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient electrocatalysts with high electroconductivity, strong chemisorption, and superior catalytical efficiency to realize rapid kinetics of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) conversion process is crucial for practical lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery applications. Unfortunately, most current electrocatalysts cannot maintain long-term stability due to the possible failure of catalytic sites. Herein, a novel dynamic electrocatalytic strategy with the liquid metal (i.e., gallium-tin, EGaSn) to facilitate LiPSs redox reaction is reported. The combined theoretical simulations and microstructure experiment analysis reveal that Sn atoms dynamically distributed in the liquid Ga matrix act as the main active catalytic center. Meanwhile, Ga provides a uniquely dynamic environment to maintain the long-term integrity of the catalytic system. With the participation of EGaSn, a tailor-made 2 Ah Li-S pouch cell with a specific energy density of 307.7 Wh kg-1 is realized. This work opens up new opportunities for liquid-phase binary alloys as electrocatalysts for high-specific-energy Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zengying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingyuan You
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Qian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zuling Peng
- CALB Technology Co., Ltd., No.1 Jiangdong Avenue, Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Keyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
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10
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Qi X, Huang L, Luo Y, Chen Q, Chen Y. Ni 3Sn 2/nitrogen-doped graphene composite with chemisorption and electrocatalysis as advanced separator modifying material for lithium sulfur batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:896-910. [PMID: 36030715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries have been widely studied because of their advantages of abundant reserves, environmental friendliness, low cost andhighspecific capacity. However, the volume expansionand the low electrical conductivity of sulfur, and the shuttle effect of polysulfides limit their application. Herein,wesynthesizea two-dimensional layered Ni3Sn2/nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) composite asseparator modifying material for lithium-sulfur batteries. The Ni3Sn2formed by dual metal salts Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and SnCl2·2H2O can adsorb polysulfide and catalyze its transformation to improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics. Moreover, the layered NG can not only disperse the Ni3Sn2particles, but alsoensure rapid electron transfer. Therefore, the lithium-sulfur battery with the Ni3Sn2/NG modified separator shows excellent electrochemical performance. At a current rate of 1 C, the lithium-sulfur battery with the Ni3Sn2/NG modified separator can provide a high initial discharge capacity of 1022.1 mAh g-1and maintain a reversible specific capacity of 758.3 mAh g-1after 400 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Qi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Liwu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yiteng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qinghao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yungui Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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11
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Cao Y, Gu S, Han J, Yang QH, Lv W. The Catalyst Design for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Roles and Routes. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200124. [PMID: 35675916 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur battery is a promising candidate for next-generation high energy density batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, it suffers from low sulfur utilization, fast capacity decay, and the notorious "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) due to the sluggish reaction kinetics, which severely restrict its practical applications. Using the electrocatalyst can accelerate the redox reactions between sulfur, LiPSs and Li2 S and suppress the shuttling of LiPSs, and thus, it is a promising strategy to solve the above problems, enabling the battery with high energy density and long cycling stability. In this personal account, we discuss the catalyst design for lithium-sulfur batteries according to the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) and sulfur evolution reaction (SER) in the discharging and charging processes. The catalytic effects for each step in SRR and SER are highlighted and the homogenous catalysts, the selective catalysts, and the bidirectional catalysts are discussed, which can help guide the rational design of the catalysts and practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sichen Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Junwei Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Graphene-based Materials, Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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12
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Lin X, Yang C, Han T, Li J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Mu K, Si T, Liu J. A graphene oxide scaffold-encapsulated microcapsule for polysulfide-immobilized long life lithium-sulfur batteries. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2185-2191. [PMID: 35543209 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineering high-performance cathodes for high energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is quite significant to achieve commercialization. Here, we develop a graphene oxide scaffold/sulfur composite-encapsulated microcapsule (GSM) for high-performance Li-S batteries, which is prepared through the co-flow focusing (CFF) approach. The GSM-based cathode displays a high capacity of 1004 mA h g-1 at 0.2C after cycling 200 times, a long-term cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 2C, and a good rate-performance. At temperatures of -5 °C and 45 °C, the electrochemical performance is also excellent. The computational calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) verify the high adsorption energies of the microcapsules towards polysulfides, suppressing the shuttle effect efficiently. It is expected that the GSM system developed based on the CFF method here and its high electrochemical performance will enable it to be applicable for preparing many other emerging energy-storage materials and secondary batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirong Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Chaoyu Yang
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Tianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
| | - Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- Shenzhen FBTech Electronics Ltd., Shenzhen, Guandong 518100, PR China.
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Kai Mu
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
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13
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Kang J, Tian X, Yan C, Wei L, Gao L, Ju J, Zhao Y, Deng N, Cheng B, Kang W. Customized Structure Design and Functional Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Spheres for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104469. [PMID: 35015928 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are attracting much attention due to their high theoretical energy density and are considered to be the predominant competitors for next-generation energy storage systems. The practical commercial application of LSBs is mainly hindered by the severe "shuttle effect" of the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the serious damage of lithium dendrites. Various carbon materials with different characteristics have played an important role in overcoming the above-mentioned problems. Carbon spheres (CSs) are extensively explored to enhance the performance of LSBs owing to their superior structures. The review presents the state-of-the-art advances of CSs for advanced high-energy LSBs, including their preparation strategies and applications in inhibiting the "shuttle effect" of the LiPSs and protecting lithium anodes. The unique restriction effect of CSs on LiPSs is explained from three working mechanisms: physical confinement, chemical interaction, and catalytic conversion. From the perspective of interfacial engineering and 3D structure designing, the protective effect of CSs on the lithium anode is also analyzed. Not only does this review article contain a summary of CSs in LSBs, but also future directions and prospects are discussed. The systematic discussions and suggested directions can enlighten thoughts in the reasonable design of CSs for LSBs in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chenzheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Liying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Nanping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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14
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Zhou Z, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Lv H, Wei H, Chen B, Gu Z, Wang Y. A flame-retardant polyimide interlayer with polysulfide lithium traps and fast redox conversion towards safety and high sulfur utilization Li-S batteries. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:700-714. [PMID: 34937072 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07173d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years and following the progress made in lithium-ion battery technology, substantial efforts have been devoted to developing practical lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries for next-generation commercial energy storage devices. The practical application of Li-S batteries is still limited by dramatically reduced capacities, cycling instabilities, and safety issues arising from flammable components. In this study, we designed and fabricated a flame-retardant, multifunctional interlayer which integrated electroconductive networks, lithium polysulfide (LiPS) traps and catalysts to significantly elevate the electrochemical performance and safety of pristine Li-S batteries. The LiPS adsorptive polymer polyimide (PI) constrains polysulfides to the cathode region and effectively suppresses the shuttle effect. Coralloid PI/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) compounds provide plentiful reaction sites for active materials. The catalytic Ni on the metal skeleton surface notably promotes Li+ diffusion, lowers the redox overpotential and accelerates LiPS conversion, which improves the redox kinetics associated with sulfur-related species and significantly elevates sulfur utilization. At different current densities of 0.2 C and 0.5 C, impressive initial discharge capacities of 1275.3 mA h g-1 and 1190.9 mA h g-1 are attainable respectively, with high capacity retentions of 80.3% and 78.6% over 600 cycles. Besides, the multifunctional interlayer can also act as a flame-retardant layer to promote the safety of Li-S batteries by inhibiting the spread of fire. This study provides a feasible and prospective strategy that adopts a multifunctional interlayer to develop Li-S batteries with higher capacities, longer cycling lives and safer working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiang Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Hualiang Wei
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjie Gu
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, No. 108, Yanxing Road, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731 Chengdu, China.
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology, Jianshe North Road 4, 610054 Chengdu, China
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15
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Cheng M, Yan R, Yang Z, Tao X, Ma T, Cao S, Ran F, Li S, Yang W, Cheng C. Polysulfide Catalytic Materials for Fast-Kinetic Metal-Sulfur Batteries: Principles and Active Centers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102217. [PMID: 34766470 PMCID: PMC8805578 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the merits of low cost, ultrahigh-energy densities, and environmentally friendliness, metal-sulfur batteries (M-S batteries) have drawn massive attention recently. However, their practical utilization is impeded by the shuttle effect and slow redox process of polysulfide. To solve these problems, enormous creative approaches have been employed to engineer new electrocatalytic materials to relieve the shuttle effect and promote the catalytic kinetics of polysulfides. In this review, recent advances on designing principles and active centers for polysulfide catalytic materials are systematically summarized. At first, the currently reported chemistries and mechanisms for the catalytic conversion of polysulfides are presented in detail. Subsequently, the rational design of polysulfide catalytic materials from catalytic polymers and frameworks to active sites loaded carbons for polysulfide catalysis to accelerate the reaction kinetics is comprehensively discussed. Current breakthroughs are highlighted and directions to guide future primary challenges, perspectives, and innovations are identified. Computational methods serve an ever-increasing part in pushing forward the active center design. In summary, a cutting-edge understanding to engineer different polysulfide catalysts is provided, and both experimental and theoretical guidance for optimizing future M-S batteries and many related battery systems are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Rui Yan
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Zhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non‐Ferrous MetalsLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhouGansu730050P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Tao
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Sujiao Cao
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Fen Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non‐Ferrous MetalsLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhouGansu730050P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinHardenbergstraße 40Berlin10623Germany
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 3Berlin14195Germany
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16
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Graphene-wrapped microspheres decorated with nanoparticles as efficient cathode material for lithium-sulfur battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Ng SF, Lau MYL, Ong WJ. Lithium-Sulfur Battery Cathode Design: Tailoring Metal-Based Nanostructures for Robust Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008654. [PMID: 33811420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have a high specific energy capacity and density of 1675 mAh g-1 and 2670 Wh kg-1 , respectively, rendering them among the most promising successors for lithium-ion batteries. However, there are myriads of obstacles in the practical application and commercialization of Li-S batteries, including the low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products (Li2 S/Li2 S2 ), volume expansion of sulfur electrode, and the polysulfide shuttle effect. Hence, immense attention has been devoted to rectifying these issues, of which the application of metal-based compounds (i.e., transition metal, metal phosphides, sulfides, oxides, carbides, nitrides, phosphosulfides, MXenes, hydroxides, and metal-organic frameworks) as sulfur hosts is profiled as a fascinating strategy to hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect stemming from the polar-polar interactions between the metal compounds and polysulfides. This review encompasses the fundamental electrochemical principles of Li-S batteries and insights into the interactions between the metal-based compounds and the polysulfides, with emphasis on the intimate structure-activity relationship corroborated with theoretical calculations. Additionally, the integration of conductive carbon-based materials to ameliorate the existing adsorptive abilities of the metal-based compound is systematically discussed. Lastly, the challenges and prospects toward the smart design of catalysts for the future development of practical Li-S batteries are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Faye Ng
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Yu Ling Lau
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43900, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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18
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Liu Y, Hong D, Chen M, Su Z, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Long D. Pt-NbC Composite as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Redox Transformation of Polysulfides in High-Rate-Performing Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35008-35018. [PMID: 34275287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating the redox reaction of polysulfides via catalysis is an effective way to suppress the shuttling effect in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells. However, recent studies have mainly focused on the singular function of the catalyst, i.e., either oxidation or reduction of polysulfides. As such, the goal of rapid cycling of sulfur species remains to be highly desired. Herein, a Pt-carbide composite as a bifunctional catalyst was developed to simultaneously accelerate both the reduction of soluble polysulfides and the oxidation of insoluble Li2S/Li2S2. Typically, a Pt-NbC composite was synthesized by growing Pt nanoparticles on the surface of NbC, and the resultant intimate interface in the hybrid is a key component for the bifunctional catalysis. During the reduction process, polysulfides could be grabbed on the surface of NbC via strong adsorption, and then these trapped polysulfides could be catalytically converted by Pt nanoparticles. During the oxidation process, both NbC and Pt exhibited catalytic activities for the dissolution of Li2S. This process could lead to the renewal of the surface of the catalyst. By combining the sulfur cathode with a Pt-NbC-CNT (Pt-NbC anchored on a carbon nanotube)-coated separator, the cell was able to demonstrate a high initial capacity of 1382 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.2C. Furthermore, the cell was able to achieve an exceptional rate capability of 795 mAh g-1 at 5C, and it was also able to show significantly inhibited self-discharge behavior. Thus, this work explores the catalyst design and the mechanism of a bifunctional catalyst for the performance enhancement in Li-S cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Donghui Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhe Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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19
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Wang X, Deng N, Wei L, Yang Q, Xiang H, Wang M, Cheng B, Kang W. Recent Progress in High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries: The Emerging Strategies for Advanced Separators/Electrolytes Based on Nanomaterials and Corresponding Interfaces. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2852-2870. [PMID: 34265166 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, possessing excellent theoretical capacities, low cost and nontoxicity, are one of the most promising energy storage battery systems. However, poor conductivity of elemental S and the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides hinder the commercialization of Li-S batteries. These problems are closely related to the interface problems between the cathodes, separators/electrolytes and anodes. The review focuses on interface issues for advanced separators/electrolytes based on nanomaterials in Li-S batteries. In the liquid electrolyte systems, electrolytes/separators and electrodes system can be decorated by nano materials coating for separators and electrospinning nanofiber separators. And, interface of anodes and electrolytes/separators can be modified by nano surface coating, nano composite metal lithium and lithium nano alloy, while the interface between cathodes and electrolytes/separators is designed by nano metal sulfide, nanocarbon-based and other nano materials. In all solid-state electrolyte systems, the focus is to increase the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes and reduce the resistance in the cathode/polymer electrolyte and Li/electrolyte interfaces through using nanomaterials. The basic mechanism of these interface problems and the corresponding electrochemical performance are discussed. Based on the most critical factors of the interfaces, we provide some insights on nanomaterials in high-performance liquid or state Li-S batteries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Nanping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Liying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hengying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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20
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Chen K, Zhang G, Xiao L, Li P, Li W, Xu Q, Xu J. Polyaniline Encapsulated Amorphous V 2 O 5 Nanowire-Modified Multi-Functional Separators for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001056. [PMID: 34927835 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Designing multi-functional separators is one of the effective strategies for achieving high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this work, polyaniline (PANI) encapsulated amorphous vanadium pentoxide (V2 O5 ) nanowires (general formula V2 O5 ·nH2 O and abbreviated as VOH) are synthesized by a facile in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method, and utilized as a basic building block for the preparation of functional interlayers on the commercial polypropylene (PP) separator, generating a VOH@PANI-PP separator with multi-functionalities. Compared to the crystalline V2 O5 , the amorphous V2 O5 shows enhanced properties of polysulfide adsorption, catalytic activity, as well as ionic conductivity. Therefore, within the VOH@PANI-PP separator, the amorphous V2 O5 nanowire component contributes to the strong adsorption of polysulfides, the high catalytic activity for polysulfides conversion, and the high ionic conductivity. The PANI component further strengthens the above effects, improves the electrical conductivity, and enhances the flexibility of the modified separator. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the VOH@PANI-PP separator effectively suppresses polysulfide shuttling and improves the cycling stability of its composed Li-S batteries. This work provides a new research strategy for the development of efficient separators in rechargeable batteries by judiciously integrating the amorphous metal oxide with a conductive polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liangping Xiao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingchi Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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21
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Zeng L, Zhu J, Liu M, Zhang P. Sb nanosheet modified separator for Li-S batteries with excellent electrochemical performance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6798-6803. [PMID: 35423217 PMCID: PMC8694926 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An air-stable antimony (Sb) nanosheet modified separator (SbNs/separator) has been prepared by coating exfoliated Sb nanosheets (SbNs) successfully onto a pristine separator through a vacuum infiltration method. The as-prepared Li-S batteries using SbNs/separators exhibit much improved electrochemical performance compared to the ones using commercial separators. The coulombic efficiency (CE) of the Li-S battery using the SbNs/separator after the initial cycle is close to 100% at a current density of 0.1 A g-1, and 660 mA h g-1 capacity retained after 100 cycles. The rate capability of Li-S battery using SbNs/separator delivers a reversible capacity of 425 mA h g-1 when the current density increases to 1 A g-1. The improved electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the following reasons. Firstly, the combination of physical adsorption and chemical bonding between SbNs and lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), which efficiently inhibits the shuttle phenomena of LiPSs. Secondly, the good electronic conductivity of SbNs improves the utilization of the adsorbed LiPSs, which benefits the capacity release of active materials. Lastly, the fast conversion kinetics of intermediate LiPSs caused by the catalytic effect from SbNs further suppresses the shuttle effect of LiPSs. The SbNs/separators exhibit a great potential for the future high-performance Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shannxi 710055 P. R. China
| | - Minsu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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22
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Li J, Qu Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Shao M. Theoretical investigation on lithium polysulfide adsorption and conversion for high-performance Li-S batteries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15-35. [PMID: 33325951 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have shown great application prospects as next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity and high energy density. However, the practical application of Li-S batteries is still hindered by several challenges, such as their sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To date, significant research has been focused on the confinement adsorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs using theoretical or/and experimental methods. Among them, theoretical calculations are highly attractive to observe complex LiPS conversion reactions, which facilitate the rational design of S mediators for high-performance Li-S batteries. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent advances in the adsorption and conversion of LiPSs from the viewpoint of theoretical calculations. Moreover, a set of theoretical principles to guide the screening of suitable host materials for Li-S batteries is presented and discussed. Finally, some personal insights about the future challenges and the focus of research in this field are presented, which will push a milestone step toward high-efficiency and long-life Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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23
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Li B, Su Q, Yu L, Zhang J, Du G, Wang D, Han D, Zhang M, Ding S, Xu B. Tuning the Band Structure of MoS 2 via Co 9S 8@MoS 2 Core-Shell Structure to Boost Catalytic Activity for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17285-17294. [PMID: 33211956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of a dual-functional interlayer into lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) provides many opportunities for restraining the "shuttle effect" and enhancing sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Tuning the band structure of the metal sulfide provides an opportunity to enhance its catalytic activity, which plays an important role in suppressing the "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in LSBs. Here were present a Co9S8@MoS2 core-shell heterostructure anchored to a carbon nanofiber (Co9S8@MoS2/CNF), developed as an interlayer for suppressing the shuttle effect of LiPSs. The fabricated composite heterostructure is determined to be an effective alternative material that combines the synergistic relationship between chemisorption and electrochemical catalysis. We find that the band structure of the MoS2 shell can be effectively tuned by the Co9S8 core and that the Co9S8@MoS2/CNF can capture the LiPSs, providing excellent catalytic ability to convert LiPSs into Li2S2, with subsequent transformation from Li2S2 to Li2S. Importantly, high capacities of 1002 and 986 mAh g-1 can be retained after 50 cycles with high-sulfur loadings of 6 and 10 mg cm-2. Our results highlight the design of an atomic-scale heterostructure as a multifunctional interlayer providing a synergistic relationship between adsorption and catalysis. The net result is an effective retardation of the shuttling of LiPSs and an enhancement of the electrochemical redox reactions of LiPSs. This work shows great promise toward the development of practical applications of LSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingmei Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gaohui Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Di Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shukai Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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24
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li C, Tan HH, Liu J, Wu Y. Theoretical Insights into the Favorable Functionalized Ti 2C-Based MXenes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29272-29283. [PMID: 33225158 PMCID: PMC7675968 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the high specific surface area, excellent electronic conductivity, facile Li diffusion, and rich functional groups, Ti2C-based MXenes have been widely used to improve the electrochemical property of lithium-sulfur batteries. The complex surface functionalization (such as -OH, -S, -F, and -O) of MXenes boosts the performance but also causes controversies about the favorable functionalized surface in the electrochemical reaction during the charge and discharge process. In the present work, a theoretical study based on density functional theory has been carried out to clarify the favorable functionalized surface by comparing pristine Ti2C and -OH-, -S-, -F-, and -O-functionalized Ti2C surfaces from the aspects of adsorption ability, electronic conductivity, and kinetic conversion ability. It is found that compared with severe polysulfide deformation on pristine Ti2C and Ti2C(OH)2 surfaces, Ti2CO2, Ti2CS2, and Ti2CF2 have effective polysulfide adsorption. Ti2CO2 has the largest surface adsorption energy, followed by Ti2CS2, and Ti2CF2 is the weakest. Meanwhile, the narrow-band gap semiconductor property of Ti2CO2 during adsorption indicates worse electronic conductivity than metallic Ti2CS2 and Ti2CF2. In addition, for the kinetic conversion ability, the Ti2CS2 surface has the fastest polysulfide conversion and Li diffusion, followed by Ti2CF2, and Ti2CO2 represents the slowest conversion and diffusion. Accordingly, because of the medium binding energy, good electronic conductivity, and fast polysulfide conversion and Li diffusion, Ti2CS2 is revealed to be the favorable functionalized surface. More importantly, the origin for the Ti2CS2 surface with medium adsorption ability represents the fastest polysulfide conversion, and Li diffusion is further clarified. The great affinity of the Ti2CS2 surface to the product Li2S leads to facile polysulfide conversion. The uniform charge distribution on the Ti2CS2 surface contributes to the fast Li diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Anhui
Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology
and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Anhui
Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology
and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Anhui
Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology
and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Anhui
Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology
and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department
of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and
Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital
Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- Anhui
Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology
and Equipment, Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials,
Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University
of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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25
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Yao Y, Izumi R, Tsuda T, Aso K, Oshima Y, Kuwabata S. One-Pot Synthesis of PtNi Alloy Nanoparticle-Supported Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in an Ionic Liquid Using a Staircase Heating Process. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25687-25694. [PMID: 33073094 PMCID: PMC7557222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance PtNi alloy nanoparticle-supported multiwalled carbon nanotube composite (PtNi/MWCNT) electrocatalysts can be prepared via one-pot preparation for oxygen reduction reaction. This route of preparation utilizes the pyrolytic decomposition of metal precursors, such as Pt(acac)2 with Ni precursors, nickel bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Ni[Tf2N]2) or nickel acetylacetonate (Ni(acac)2), in an ionic liquid (IL), N,N,N-trimethyl-N-propylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([N1,1,1,3][Tf2N]). Currently, there is insufficient information concerning the effect of difference in preparation conditions on the formation mechanism and catalytic activity of PtNi/MWCNT. In this article, a staircase heating process was used to investigate the PtNi alloy nanoparticle formation mechanism and catalytic activity of the resulting PtNi/MWCNT. We found that the alloy formation process, composition, and crystal structure, which directly affect the electrocatalytic activity, strongly depended on the Ni precursor species and heating process. The catalytic performance of certain PtNi/MWCNTs collected during the staircase heating process was better than that of PtNi/MWCNTs produced via the conventional heating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Reiko Izumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Aso
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Oshima
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Chen L, Huang L, Chen G, Zhang X, Chen Y. Highly Graphitized Porous Carbon-FeNi 3 Fabricated from Oleic Acid for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Chemistry 2020; 26:8926-8934. [PMID: 32353181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Improving the electrical conductivity of sulfur, suppressing shuttle/dissolution of polysulfide, and enhancing reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries are essential for practical applications. Here, for the first time, we have used inexpensive oleic acid as a single carbon source, and have added commercial SiO2 as a template to form a porous structure, whereas introducing Fe(NO3 )3 and Ni(NO3 )2 as catalysts to increase the degree of graphitization. Moreover, the dual metal salts Fe(NO3 )3 and Ni(NO3 )2 can also form FeNi3 alloy, and our results show that FeNi3 nanoparticles accelerate the kinetic conversion reactions of polysulfide. By virtue of the well-developed porous structure and high degree of graphitization, the highly graphitized porous carbon-FeNi3 (GPC-FeNi3 ) has high conductivity to ensure fast charge transfer, and the hierarchically porous structure facilitates ion diffusion and traps polysulfide. Thus, a GPC-FeNi3 /S cathode displays excellent electrochemical performance. At current rates of 0.2 and 1 C, a cathode of the GPC-FeNi3 /S composite with a sulfur content of 70 % delivers high initial discharge capacities of 1108 and 880 mA h g-1 , respectively, and retains reversible specific capacities of 850 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and 625 mA h g-1 after 400 cycles at 1 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Guojie Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yungui Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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27
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Cui M, Zhao X, Wang T, Qiu W, Song E. Predicting Transition‐Metal/Benzenehexathiol Systems as Effective Cathodes of Li‐S batteries with Conjugate Conductivity and Synergetic Discharge. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wujie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Erhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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28
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Song LN, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ge X, Zou LC, Wang HF, Wang XX, Liu QC, Li F, Xu JJ. Tuning lithium-peroxide formation and decomposition routes with single-atom catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2191. [PMID: 32366827 PMCID: PMC7198606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries with ultrahigh energy density have received considerable attention as of the future energy storage technologies. The development of effective electrocatalysts and a corresponding working mechanism during cycling are critically important for lithium-oxygen batteries. Here, a single cobalt atom electrocatalyst is synthesized for lithium-oxygen batteries by a polymer encapsulation strategy. The isolated moieties of single atom catalysts can effectively regulate the distribution of active sites to form micrometre-sized flower-like lithium peroxide and promote the decomposition of lithium peroxide by a one-electron pathway. The battery with single cobalt atoms can operate with high round-trip efficiency (86.2%) and long-term stability (218 days), which is superior to a commercial 5 wt% platinum/carbon catalyst. We reveal that the synergy between a single atom and the support endows the catalyst with excellent stability and durability. The promising results provide insights into the design of highly efficient catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries and greatly expand the scope of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, School of Materlals Science and Engneering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Ge
- Electron Microscopy Center, School of Materlals Science and Engneering, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lian-Chun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huan-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qing-Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ji-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, PR China.
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29
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Gu X, Kang H, Shao C, Ren X, Liu X. A Typha Angustifolia-Like MoS 2/Carbon Nanofiber Composite for High Performance Li-S Batteries. Front Chem 2020; 8:149. [PMID: 32195225 PMCID: PMC7063458 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Typha Angustifolia-like MoS2/carbon nanofiber composite as both a chemically trapping agent and redox conversion catalyst for lithium polysulfides has been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency have been improved significantly by applying the Typha Angustifolia-like MoS2/carbon nanofiber as the interlayer of a pure sulfur cathode, resulting in a capacity degradation of only 0.09% per cycle and a coulombic efficiency which can reach as high as 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Gu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Han Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengbin Shao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoteng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Dong H, Tang P, Wang X, Li K, Wang Y, Wang D, Liu H, Yang S, Wu C. Pt/NiO Microsphere Composite as Efficient Multifunctional Catalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Alkaline Fuel Cells: The Synergistic Effect of Pt and Ni. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39789-39797. [PMID: 31589015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and low-cost multifunctional electrocatalysts is important for electrochemical devices. In this work, a cost-effective Pt/NiO composite with very limited Pt loading (from 0.5 to 3%) was controllably synthesized through facile hydrothermal procedures. The composite demonstrated the improved catalytic performance as applied to the nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries and the alkaline fuel cells. Regarding the alkaline fuel cells, 1% Pt/NiO composite gave rise to the best Pt distribution and thus exhibited the optimized electrochemical conductivity and properties as suggested by the significantly improved electrochemical reversibility. Meanwhile, the demonstrated 1% Pt/NiO composite presented high catalytic capability as electrode for Li-O2 batteries, which allowed for much improved capacity utilization, high cycling stability, high initial capacity (2329 mAh/g), and no obvious voltage drop during cycling. Such multiple advantages of prepared composite electrode material offer new prospects and application as multifunctional electrocatalysts for both Li-O2 batteries and alkaline fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
- National & Local Engineering Laboratory for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
| | - Panpan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
- National & Local Engineering Laboratory for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , PR China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
- National & Local Engineering Laboratory for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
- National & Local Engineering Laboratory for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology , Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd , Beijing 102211 , PR China
| | - Shuting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang 453007 , Henan Province , PR China
- National & Local Engineering Laboratory for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Motive Power and Key Materials , Xinxiang 453000 , PR China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing , Beijing 100081 , PR China
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