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Zhou X, Yang S, Li Q, Bai G, Wang C, Han C. Energy level measurement for organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2768-2779. [PMID: 38189553 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Along with the miniaturization and versatility of organic optoelectronic devices, it is desired to achieve a profound comprehension of the charge transport mechanism and even the basic device physics. The basis of these studies is the acquisition of relevant information about energy levels. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of five commonly-used techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet electron spectroscopy, inverse photoemission electron spectroscopy, low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy and hot electron spectroscopy. According to the advantages and disadvantages, working mechanism, and application conditions, researchers will screen out a reliable and suitable characterization method, quickly and accurately. This should be beneficial for the efficient promotion of organic electronics and save valuable time for the related research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Shixing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Qingxia Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Guoliang Bai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric-Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Tang X, Liao H, Zheng T, Yin P, Cao J, Zeng X, Weng C, Shen P. Effect of Arylmethylene Substitutions on Molecular Structure, Optoelectronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performance of Dithienocyclopentafluorene-Based Small-Molecule Acceptors. Chemistry 2021; 27:14508-14519. [PMID: 34431146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two dithienocyclopentafluorene-based small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) were developed that feature methylene-functionalized conjugated side chains, to study the effect of arylmethylene substitution and its number on structure, optoelectronic properties and device performance. Results showed that two SMAs have better absorption properties and planarity, lower bandgaps and higher LUMOs compared with the control SMA without conjugated side chains. The synthesized SMAs were tested in polymer solar cells for examples of their applicability. This work argues that the introduction of methylene-functionalized conjugated side chains has great potential in tuning molecular structure, optoelectronic properties, device physics and photovoltaic performance of SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Liao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Pan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zeng
- School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Chao Weng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Ping Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
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Wang H, Yang L, Lin PC, Chueh CC, Liu X, Qu S, Guang S, Yu J, Tang W. A Simple Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol-Rhodanine Molecular Third Component Enables Over 16.7% Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007746. [PMID: 33738971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) can achieve greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) by incorporating suitable additives in active layers. Their structure design often faces the challenge of operation generality for more binary blends. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole-rhodanine molecule (DR8) featuring high compatibility with polymer donor PM6 is developed as a cost-effective third component. By employing classic ITIC-like ITC6-4Cl and Y6 as model nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in PM6-based binary blends, DR8 added PM6:ITC6-4Cl blends exhibit significantly promoted energy transfer and exciton dissociation. The PM6:ITC6-4Cl:DR8 (1:1:0.1, weight ratio) OSCs contribute an exciting PCE of 14.94% in comparison to host binary devices (13.52%), while PM6:Y6:DR8 (1:1.2:0.1) blends enable 16.73% PCE with all simultaneously improved photovoltaic parameters. To the best of the knowledge, this performance is among the best for ternary OSCs with simple small molecular third components in the literature. More importantly, DR8-added ternary OSCs exhibit much improved device stability against thermal aging and light soaking over binary ones. This work provides new insight on the design of efficient third components for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Po-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xin Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shenya Qu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shun Guang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiangsheng Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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