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Wu X, Ren N, Tong G, Zhu X. Surface Chain-Transfer Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15740-15747. [PMID: 37901940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a powerful method to graft various types of polymer chains to a given surface. While surface-initiated ROMP (SI-ROMP) serves as an efficient tool for surface modification and is therefore widely reported, the method requires grafting (1) the olefin substrate and (2) the metathesis catalyst to the surface prior to the polymerization with multiple synthetic and work up steps. To overcome this difficulty, we proposed the use of the chain-transfer reaction as an alternative method for surface modification. Terminal olefins are grafted to the surface without the need to graft the metathesis catalysts, and polymers with olefin backbones are polymerized and grafted simultaneously via both ROMP and chain transfer (cross-metathesis between olefins from backbones and surfaces). Compared to SI-ROMP, this surface-chain transfer ROMP (SC-ROMP) method avoids grafting the catalyst and growing polymer chains from the surface and could be achieved in a single step. Various types of surfaces like carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene nanosheets, and silica microspheres are used for demonstration. We envision that this work could bring a convenient and effective solution to surface modification via ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ning Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gangsheng Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Co. Ltd., Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialized Polymer Materials for Aerospace, 100 Huaning Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Förster C, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Recent developments in visible light induced polymerization towards its application to nanopores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1554-1568. [PMID: 36655782 PMCID: PMC9904278 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Visible light induced polymerizations are a strongly emerging field in recent years. Besides the often mild reaction conditions, visible light offers advantages of spatial and temporal control over chain growth, which makes visible light ideal for functionalization of surfaces and more specifically of nanoscale pores. Current challenges in nanopore functionalization include, in particular, local and highly controlled polymer functionalizations. Using spatially limited light sources such as lasers or near field modes for light-induced polymer functionalization is envisioned to allow local functionalization of nanopores and thereby improve nanoporous material performance. These light sources are usually providing visible light while classical photopolymerizations are mostly based on UV-irradiation. In this review, we highlight developments in visible light induced polymerizations and especially in visible light induced controlled polymerizations as well as their potential for nanopore functionalization. Existing examples of visible light induced polymerizations in nanopores are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry – Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermanyannette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
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Förster C, Veith L, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Visible light induced RAFT for asymmetric functionalization of silica mesopores. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27109-27113. [PMID: 36276013 PMCID: PMC9501659 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One key feature for bioinspired transport design through nanoscale pores is nanolocal, asymmetric as well as multifunctional nanopore functionalization. Here, we use a visible-light induced, controlled photo electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization for asymmetric polymer placement into mesoporous silica thin films including asymmetric polymer sequence design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry-Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt German annette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
| | - Lothar Veith
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry-Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt German annette.andrieu-brunsen@.tu-darmstadt.de
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Qin S, Nap RJ, Huang K, Szleifer I. Influence of Membrane Permittivity on Charge Regulation of Weak Polyelectrolytes End-Tethered in Nanopores. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rikkert J. Nap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Malani S B, Viswanath P. Wettability Contrast in the Hexagonally Patterned Gold Substrate of Distinct Morphologies for Enhanced Fog Harvesting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8281-8289. [PMID: 34189916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the Stenocara beetle's hydrophobic-hydrophilic surface, we fabricated hexagonally patterned hydrophobic-hydrophilic surfaces consisting of silicon and gold regions using colloidal lithography and selective surface functionalization. We investigated surface wettability for different patterns (hexagonally ordered nanotriangles and nanoholes) and the influence of surface functionalization (octadecanethiol and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid/octadecyltrichlorosilane (MHA/OTS)). The as-prepared patterned substrates exhibit hydrophilicity, which transforms to hydrophobicity after surface functionalization. The MHA/OTS functionalization results in maximum enhancement in the contact angle (114 ± 0.4°) with the least contact angle hysteresis (19 ± 2°). Fog harvesting studies show that the patterned substrate has a higher water collection rate, a factor of 1.32, than the nonpatterned substrates. A further enhancement in water collection (almost twice) is observed with selective functionalization. The patterned (nanohole) and functionalized (MHA/OTS) substrate facilitates rapid falling of droplets at a frequency of 20 mHz and an average droplet mass of 15 ± 2 mg/cm2. Furthermore, it yielded a maximum water collection rate of 1051 ± 132 mg cm-2 h-1. This work provides valuable insights into the influence of surface wettability and morphology for fog harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindhu Malani S
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Shivanapura, Bengaluru 562162, India
- Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, 574199, India
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Stanzel M, Zhao L, Mohammadi R, Pardehkhorram R, Kunz U, Vogel N, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Simultaneous Nanolocal Polymer and In Situ Readout Unit Placement in Mesoporous Separation Layers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5394-5402. [PMID: 33724794 PMCID: PMC8027984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired solid-state nanopores and nanochannels have attracted interest in the last two decades, as they are envisioned to advance future sensing, energy conversion, and separation concepts. Although much effort has been made regarding functionalization of these materials, multifunctionality and accurate positioning of functionalities with nanoscale precision still remain challenging. However, this precision is necessary to meet transport performance and complexity of natural pores in living systems, which are often based on nonequilibrium states and compartmentalization. In this work, a nanolocal functionalization and simultaneous localized sensing strategy inside a filtering mesoporous film using precisely placed plasmonic metal nanoparticles inside mesoporous films with pore accessibility control is demonstrated. A single layer of gold nanoparticles is incorporated into mesoporous thin films with precise spatial control along the nanoscale layer thickness. The local surface plasmon resonance is applied to induce a photopolymerization leading to a nanoscopic polymer shell around the particles and thus nanolocal polymer placement inside the mesoporous material. As near-field modes are sensitive to the dielectric properties of their surrounding, the in situ sensing capability is demonstrated using UV-vis spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the sensing sensitivity only slightly decreases upon functionalization. The presented nanolocal placement of responsive functional polymers into nanopores offers a simultaneous filtering and nanoscopic readout function. Such a nanoscale local control is envisioned to have a strong impact onto the development of new transport and sensor concepts, especially as the system can be developed into higher complexity using different metal nanoparticles and additional design of mesoporous film filtering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Stanzel
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lucy Zhao
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kunz
- Department
of Materials and Earth Sciences, Physical Metallurgy Group, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute
of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl
Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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