1
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Hu L, Rossetti M, Bergua JF, Parolo C, Álvarez-Diduk R, Rivas L, Idili A, Merkoçi A. Harnessing Bioluminescent Bacteria to Develop an Enzymatic-free Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the Detection of Clinically Relevant Biomarkers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30636-30647. [PMID: 38651970 PMCID: PMC11194763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard technique for measuring protein biomarkers due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Despite its success, continuous advancements in ELISA and immunoassay formats are crucial to meet evolving global challenges and to address new analytical needs in diverse applications. To expand the capabilities and applications of immunoassays, we introduce a novel ELISA-like assay that we call Bioluminescent-bacteria-linked immunosorbent assay (BBLISA). BBLISA is an enzyme-free assay that utilizes the inner filter effect between the bioluminescent bacteriaAllivibrio fischeriand metallic nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles and gold iridium oxide nanoflowers) as molecular absorbers. Functionalizing these nanoparticles with antibodies induces their accumulation in wells upon binding to molecular targets, forming the classical immune-sandwich complex. Thanks to their ability to adsorb the light emitted by the bacteria, the nanoparticles can suppress the bioluminescence signal, allowing the rapid quantification of the target. To demonstrate the bioanalytical properties of the novel immunoassay platform, as a proof of principle, we detected two clinically relevant biomarkers (human immunoglobulin G and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein) in human serum, achieving the same sensitivity and precision as the classic ELISA. We believe that BBLISA can be a promising alternative to the standard ELISA techniques, offering potential advancements in biomarker detection and analysis by combining nanomaterials with a low-cost, portable bioluminescent platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Hu
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Rossetti
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Francisco Bergua
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Barcelona
Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rivas
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics
& Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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2
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Li H, Wang Z, Lu Q, Wang L, Tan Y, Chen F. Free-space laser emission from Nd:YAG elliptical microdisks. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3304-3307. [PMID: 38875606 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of deformed microcavities, such as elliptical microdisks, has been widely acknowledged as an effective solution for achieving free-space emission in microcavity lasers. However, the deformations introduced in the microcavity structure tend to decrease the quality factor (Q factor), resulting in weakened output intensity. To address this issue, one potential approach is to employ highly efficient laser gain media that can compensate for the negative impact of the structure on the output intensity. In this study, we employed the exceptional laser crystal material Nd:YAG as the laser gain medium and successfully fabricated an elliptical microdisk laser with a major semiaxis of 15 µm and an eccentricity ratio of 0.15. By utilizing an 808 nm laser for pumping, we were able to achieve free-space laser emission with a slope efficiency of 1.7% and a remarkable maximum output power of 58 µW. This work contributes toward the advancement of the application of deformation microcavity lasers.
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3
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Luo M, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Guo Z, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Luo W, Shi Y, Liu AQ, Wu X. High-Sensitivity Optical Sensors Empowered by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in a Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Metasurface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6477-6486. [PMID: 38350867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing light-matter interaction is a key requisite in the realm of optical sensors. Bound states in the continuum (BICs), possessing high quality factors (Q factors), have shown great advantages in sensing applications. Recent theories elucidate the ability of BICs with hybrid metal-dielectric architectures to achieve high Q factors and high sensitivities. However, the experimental validation of the sensing performance in such hybrid systems remains equivocal. In this study, we propose two symmetry-protected quasi-BIC modes in a metal-dielectric metasurface. Our results demonstrate that, under the normal incidence of light, the quasi-BIC mode dominated by dielectric can achieve a high Q factor of 412 and a sensing performance with a high bulk sensitivity of 492.7 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 266.3 RIU-1, while the quasi-BIC mode dominated by metal exhibits a stronger surface affinity in the biotin-streptavidin bioassay. These findings offer a promising approach for implementing metasurface-based sensors, representing a paradigm for high-sensitivity biosensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Quantum Technologies (IQT), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Technologies (IQT), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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4
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Suo M, Fu Y, Wang S, Lin S, Zhang J, Wu C, Yin H, Wang P, Zhang W, Wang XH. Miniaturized Laser Probe for Exosome-Based Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1965-1976. [PMID: 38267074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have been established as a valuable tool for clinical applications for the purpose of liquid biopsy and therapy. However, the clinical practice of exosomes as cancer biopsy markers is still to a very low extent. Active mode optical microcavity with microlaser emission has aroused as a versatile approach for chemical and biological sensing due to its benefits of larger photon population, increased effective Q-factor, decreased line width, and improved sensitivity. Herein, we report a label-free and precise quantification of exosome vesicles and surface protein profiling of breast cancer exosomes using functionalized active whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlaser probes. A detection limit of 40 exosomes per microresonator was achieved. The proposed system enabled a pilot assay of quantitative exosome analysis in cancer patients' blood with only a few microliters of sample consumption, holding good potential for large-scale cancer liquid biopsy. Multiplexed functionalization of the optical microresonator allowed us to profile cancer exosomal surface markers and distinct subclasses of breast cancer-associated exosomes and monitor drug treatment outcomes. Our findings speak volumes about the advantages of the WGM microlaser sensor, including very small sample consumption, low detection limit, high specificity, and ease of operation, offering a promising means for precious clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Suo
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Siqi Lin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Pu Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Laser Technology and Applications, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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5
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Zhao X, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Sun YL, Wu X. Highly sensitive, modification-free, and dynamic real-time stereo-optical immuno-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115477. [PMID: 37352760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Modification-free biosensing with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for miniaturized, online, integrated, and rapid, or even real-time molecular analyses. However, most optical biosensors are based on surface pre-modification or fluorescent labeling, and have either low sensitivity or low quality factor (Q). To address these difficulties, in this study, an optical sensor prototype was developed with a microbubble optofluidic channel integrated inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity to three-dimensionally tailor the intra-cavity light field via the intra-cavity lensing (microbubble) configuration. A high Q-factor (∼105), small mode volume, and high light energy density were experimentally achieved with this "stereo-sensor" while maintaining an ultrahigh refractive index (RI) sensitivity (679 nm/RIU) and ultra-small RI resolution (∼10-7 RIU at 950 nm). Moreover, specific detection of very low concentration of biomolecules (5 fg/mL for human IgG and 0.5 pg/mL for human serum albumin (HSA)) and wide range of protein concentrations (e.g., fg/mL-ng/mL for human IgG and pg/mL-ng/mL for HSA) without probe pre-modification were achieved owing to the RI change specifically associated with the probe-target binding and the corresponding bio-macromolecular conformation change. This modification-free stereosensing scenario is applicable to continuous, real-time, and multiplexed operations, thus showing potential for online, integrated, dynamic, biomolecular analyses in vitro or in vivo, such as the dynamic metabolic analysis of single cells or organoids and point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - You Wang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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6
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Zhang H, Zhou X, Li X, Gong P, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent Advancements of LSPR Fiber-Optic Biosensing: Combination Methods, Structure, and Prospects. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030405. [PMID: 36979617 PMCID: PMC10046874 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-optic biosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have the advantages of great biocompatibility, label-free, strong stability, and real-time monitoring of various analytes. LSPR fiber-optic biosensors have attracted extensive research attention in the fields of environmental science, clinical medicine, disease diagnosis, and food safety. The latest development of LSPR fiber-optic biosensors in recent years has focused on the detection of clinical disease markers and the detection of various toxic substances in the environment and the progress of new sensitization mechanisms in LSPR fiber-optic sensors. Therefore, this paper reviews the LSPR fiber-optic sensors from the aspects of working principle, structure, and application fields in biosensors. According to the structure, the sensor can be divided into three categories: traditional ordinary optical fiber, special shape optical fiber, and specialty optical fiber. The advantages and disadvantages of existing and future LSPR fiber-optic biosensors are discussed in detail. Additionally, the prospect of future development of fiber-optic biosensors based on LSPR is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Pengqi Gong
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Shenyang 110819, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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7
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Azam T, Bukhari SH, Liaqat U, Miran W. Emerging Methods in Biosensing of Immunoglobin G-A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:676. [PMID: 36679468 PMCID: PMC9862834 DOI: 10.3390/s23020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human antibodies are produced due to the activation of immune system components upon exposure to an external agent or antigen. Human antibody G, or immunoglobin G (IgG), accounts for 75% of total serum antibody content. IgG controls several infections by eradicating disease-causing pathogens from the body through complementary interactions with toxins. Additionally, IgG is an important diagnostic tool for certain pathological conditions, such as autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), chickenpox and MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), and coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19). As an important biomarker, IgG has sparked interest in conducting research to produce robust, sensitive, selective, and economical biosensors for its detection. To date, researchers have used different strategies and explored various materials from macro- to nanoscale to be used in IgG biosensing. In this review, emerging biosensors for IgG detection have been reviewed along with their detection limits, especially electrochemical biosensors that, when coupled with nanomaterials, can help to achieve the characteristics of a reliable IgG biosensor. Furthermore, this review can assist scientists in developing strategies for future research not only for IgG biosensors but also for the development of other biosensing systems for diverse targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Azam
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Hassan Bukhari
- College of Computational Sciences and Natural Sciences, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Usman Liaqat
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Miran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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8
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Demonstration of intracellular real-time molecular quantification via FRET-enhanced optical microcavity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6685. [PMID: 36335126 PMCID: PMC9637138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell analysis is crucial for elucidating cellular diversity and heterogeneity as well as for medical diagnostics operating at the ultimate detection limit. Although superbly sensitive biosensors have been developed using the strongly enhanced evanescent fields provided by optical microcavities, real-time quantification of intracellular molecules remains challenging due to the extreme low quantity and limitations of the current techniques. Here, we introduce an active-mode optical microcavity sensing stage with enhanced sensitivity that operates via Förster resonant energy transferring (FRET) mechanism. The mutual effects of optical microcavity and FRET greatly enhances the sensing performance by four orders of magnitude compared to pure Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity sensing system. We demonstrate distinct sensing mechanism of FRET-WGM from pure WGM. Predicted lasing wavelengths of both donor and acceptor by theoretical calculations are in perfect agreement with the experimental data. The proposed sensor enables quantitative molecular analysis at single cell resolution, and real-time monitoring of intracellular molecules over extended periods while maintaining the cell viability. By achieving high sensitivity at single cell level, our approach provides a path toward FRET-enhanced real-time quantitative analysis of intracellular molecules.
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9
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Guo Z, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Luo M, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Yang X. Label-free detection of cardiac troponin-I with packaged thin-walled microbubble resonators. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200151. [PMID: 35762487 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is widely used for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diseases because of its myocardial specificity. Packaged microbubble resonators with thin wall are utilized for label-free and specific detection of cTnI based on whispering gallery mode (WGM). This packaged structure can provide a good protection for the biosensor, improve the anti-interference ability of the sensor and reduce the system noise. The theoretical detection limit of the biosensors for cTnI in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) is 0.4 ag mL-1 (0.02 aM ). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biosensors can be used to detect cTnI molecules in simulated serum and the theoretical detection limit is also 0.4 ag mL-1 (0.02 aM ). These results are much far below the clinical cut-off value and show a huge application potential for the detection of cardiac biomarkers of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Guo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Device Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, China
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10
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Zhao S, Li G, Peng X, Ma J, Yin Z, Zhao Q. Ultralow-threshold green fluorescent protein laser based on high Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23439-23447. [PMID: 36225023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological lasers have attracted vast attention because of their potential medical application prospects, especially the low threshold biological laser that can be used for ultrasensitive biological detection while leaving the luminous gain medium undamaged by the pump light. By coupling the low concentration green fluorescent protein (GFP) solution with a high Q whispering gallery mode microbubble resonator, we managed to fabricate a miniature GFP laser with the lowest threshold and highest Q value compared to any known type of the GFP laser. The threshold energy is as low as 380 fJ, two orders of magnitude lower than any type of GFP laser at present. The Q value of the optical cavity in this biological laser is 5.3 × 107, two orders higher than the highest Q value of GFP lasers. We further confirmed the long-term stability of the working characteristics of GFP laser. It can work well nearly a month in temperature 3-4°C. Finally, we measured the effects of different concentrations of fluorescent protein on laser threshold. The data show that this biological laser can be used for highly sensitive detection of GFP concentration, which is particularly useful when the GFP is used as tracers.
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11
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Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040592. [PMID: 35457896 PMCID: PMC9026417 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed.
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12
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Zhang C, Pu S, Hao Z, Wang B, Yuan M, Zhang Y. Magnetic Field Sensing Based on Whispering Gallery Mode with Nanostructured Magnetic Fluid-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050862. [PMID: 35269350 PMCID: PMC8912577 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A kind of novel and compact magnetic field sensor has been proposed and investigated experimentally. The proposed sensor consists of a tapered single mode fiber coupled with a nanostructured magnetic fluid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber, which is easy to be fabricated. The response of magnetic fluid to magnetic field is used to measure the intensity of magnetic field via whispering gallery mode. The magnetic field-dependent shift in resonance wavelength is observed. The maximum magnetic field intensity sensitivity is 53 pm/mT. The sensor sensitivity is inversely proportional to the thickness of the photonic crystal fiber cladding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Zhang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shengli Pu
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-5527-1663
| | - Zijian Hao
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Boyu Wang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Yuan
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.Z.); (Z.H.); (B.W.); (M.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Gong X, Qiao Z, Liao Y, Zhu S, Shi L, Kim M, Chen YC. Enzyme-Programmable Microgel Lasers for Information Encoding and Anti-Counterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107809. [PMID: 34918404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microscale laser emissions have emerged as a promising approach for information encoding and anti-counterfeiting for their feature-rich spectra and high sensitivity to the surrounding environment. Compared with artificial materials, natural responsive biomaterials enable a higher level of complexity and versatile ways for tailoring optical responses. However, precise control of lasing wavelengths and spatial locations with biomolecules remains a huge challenge. Here, a biologically programmable laser, in which the lasing can be manipulated by biomolecular activities at the nanoscale, is developed. Tunable lasing wavelengths are achieved by exploiting the swelling properties of enzyme-responsive hydrogel droplets in a Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Both experimental and theoretical means demonstrate that inner 3D network structures and external curvature of the hydrogel droplets lead to different lasing thresholds and resonance wavelengths. Finally, inkjet-printed multiwavelength laser encoding and anti-counterfeiting are showcased under different scalabilities and environments. Hyperspectral laser images are utilized as an advanced feature for a higher level of security. The biologically encoded laser will provide a new insight into the development of biosynthetic and bioprogrammable laser devices, offering new opportunities for secure communication and smart sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yikai Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Shi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Munho Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Ji P, Zhu M, Liao C, Zhao C, Yang K, Xiong C, Han J, Li C, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Y. In-Fiber Polymer Microdisk Resonator and Its Sensing Applications of Temperature and Humidity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48119-48126. [PMID: 34585566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and realized an all-in-fiber polymer microdisk whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonator, which is composed of a nanoscale polymer waveguide in conjunction with a polymer microdisk. The resonator is manufactured by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization inside a single-mode optical fiber, and its transmission spectrum has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The WGM resonance was excited successfully, exhibiting a high Q factor of 2.3 × 103 at a resonant wavelength of 1416.6 nm. The temperature and humidity responses of the resonator were tested as examples of possible application. Temperature sensitivity of -96 pm/°C when the temperature increased from 25 to 60 °C and humidity sensitivity of 54 pm/%RH when the relative humidity increased from 30 to 90% were obtained. The proposed in-fiber microdisk resonator is highly suitable for detection of microorganisms, bacteria, and single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kaiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chi Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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15
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Yang X, Gong C, Wang Y, Luo Y, Rao YJ, Peng GD, Gong Y. A sequentially bioconjugated optofluidic laser for wash-out-free and rapid biomolecular detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1686-1693. [PMID: 33949394 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures can improve both sensitivity and assay time in heterogeneous assays (such as ELISA) for biochemical analysis; however, it remains a challenge to perform the essential wash process in those microstructure-based heterogeneous assays. Here, we propose a sequential bioconjugation protocol to solve this problem and demonstrate a new type of fiber optofluidic laser for biosensing. Except for acting as an optical microresonator and a microstructured substrate, the miniaturized hollow optical fiber (HOF) is used as a microfluidic channel for storing and transferring reagents thanks to its capability in length extension. Through the capillary action, different reagents were sequentially withdrawn into the fiber for specific binding and washing purposes. By using the sequentially bioconjugated FOFL, avidin molecules are detected based on competitive binding with a limit of detection of 9.5 pM, ranging from 10 pM to 100 nM. It is demonstrated that a short incubation time of 10 min is good enough to allow the biomolecules to conjugate on the inner surface of the HOF. Owing to its miniaturized size, only 589 nL of liquid is required for incubation, which reduces the sample consumption and cost for each test. This work provides a tool to exploit the potential of microstructured optical fibers in high-performance biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yanqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
| | - Yanhua Luo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yun-Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China. and Research Center for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Gang-Ding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry of Education of China), School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., Chengdu, 611731 China.
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16
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Liao J, Yang L. Optical whispering-gallery mode barcodes for high-precision and wide-range temperature measurements. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 33547272 PMCID: PMC7862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most fundamental physical properties to characterize various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even a slight change in temperature could have an impact on the status or dynamics of a system. Thus, there is a great need for high-precision and large-dynamic-range temperature measurements. Conventional temperature sensors encounter difficulties in high-precision thermal sensing on the submicron scale. Recently, optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors have shown promise for many sensing applications, such as thermal sensing, magnetic detection, and biosensing. However, despite their superior sensitivity, the conventional sensing method for WGM resonators relies on tracking the changes in a single mode, which limits the dynamic range constrained by the laser source that has to be fine-tuned in a timely manner to follow the selected mode during the measurement. Moreover, we cannot derive the actual temperature from the spectrum directly but rather derive a relative temperature change. Here, we demonstrate an optical WGM barcode technique involving simultaneous monitoring of the patterns of multiple modes that can provide a direct temperature readout from the spectrum. The measurement relies on the patterns of multiple modes in the WGM spectrum instead of the changes of a particular mode. It can provide us with more information than the single-mode spectrum, such as the precise measurement of actual temperatures. Leveraging the high sensitivity of WGMs and eliminating the need to monitor particular modes, this work lays the foundation for developing a high-performance temperature sensor with not only superior sensitivity but also a broad dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, St. Louis, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, St. Louis, USA.
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, St. Louis, USA.
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Rho D, Breaux C, Kim S. Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205901. [PMID: 33086566 PMCID: PMC7589515 DOI: 10.3390/s20205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.
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