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Morsy M, Gomaa I, Mokhtar M, Kamoun EA, Ali AI. N-doped TiO2/rGO: synthesis, structure, optical characteristics, and humidity sensing applications. Nanotechnology 2024. [PMID: 38697039 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of rGO ratio on the N- TiO2 has been synthesized through sol gel
method. The prepared N-TiO2/rGO composites were examined for humidity sensing applications.
The relationship between optical properties and the humidity sensing properties was studied. The
structure, morphology, and bonding interaction have been examined using XRD, FT-IR, PL and
HRTEM respectively. The average particle size as estimated from XRD and HRTEM was found
to be about 9nm. The optical properties have been studied using UV/ Vis. Spectroscopy. Further
optical parameters including refractive index and optical band gap energy have been estimated.
The humidity sensing behavior of the resultant composites were evaluated in a wide range of
humidity (7%-97% RH) at different testing frequencies. The optical band gap was found to be
decreased as the amount of rGO increase. Among all prepared samples, both the optical parameters
and humidity sensing experiments confirmed that the 0.5% rGO sample is the best candidate for
the humidity sensing applications. The best optimum testing frequency was demonstrated to be 50
Hz. The sensor demonstrates a fast response and recovery times of 13 s and 33 s with low hysteresis
and large sensitivity. The humidity sensing mechanism was studied using complex impedance
spectroscopy at different RH levels under testing frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz and testing
voltage of 1VAC. The produced structure demonstrated a promising material for humidity
measuring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Morsy
- Housing and Building National Research Center, 87 el tahrir, dokki, giza, giza, 002, EGYPT
| | - Islam Gomaa
- The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City، 11837, El Shorouk, Cairo, 11837, EGYPT
| | - Mahmoud Mokhtar
- Housing and Building National Research Center, 87 el tahrir, dokki, giza, giza, Giza, 002, EGYPT
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City، 11837, El Shorouk, Cairo, 11837, EGYPT
| | - Ahmed Ibrahium Ali
- The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City، 11837, El Shorouk, Cairo, 11837, EGYPT
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2
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Mulloni V, Marchi G, Gaiardo A, Valt M, Donelli M, Lorenzelli L. Applications of Chipless RFID Humidity Sensors to Smart Packaging Solutions. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2879. [PMID: 38732985 PMCID: PMC11086060 DOI: 10.3390/s24092879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Packaging solutions have recently evolved to become smart and intelligent thanks to technologies such as RFID tracking and communication systems, but the integration of sensing functionality in these systems is still under active development. In this paper, chipless RFID humidity sensors suitable for smart packaging are proposed together with a novel strategy to tune their performances and their operating range. The sensors are flexible, fast, low-cost and easy to fabricate and can be read wirelessly. The sensitivity and the humidity range where they can be used are adjustable by changing one of the sensor's structural parameters. Moreover, these sensors are proposed as double parameter sensors, using both the frequency shift and the intensity variation of the resonance peak for the measure of the relative humidity. The results show that the sensitivity can vary remarkably among the sensors proposed, together with the operative range. The sensor suitability in two specific smart packaging applications is discussed. In the first case, a threshold sensor in the low-humidity range for package integrity verification is analyzed, and in the second case, a more complex measurement of humidity in non-hermetic packages is investigated. The discussion shows that the sensor configuration can easily be adapted to the different application needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mulloni
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giada Marchi
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaiardo
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Valt
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Donelli
- Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Leandro Lorenzelli
- Center for Sensors and Devices, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123 Trento, Italy
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3
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Burak D, Seo DC, An HE, Jeong S, Lee SE, Cho SH. Chitosan-Based Structural Color Films for Humidity Sensing with Antiviral Effect. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:351. [PMID: 38392724 PMCID: PMC10892554 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This scientific investigation emphasizes the essential integration of nature's influence in crafting multifunctional surfaces with bio-inspired designs for enhanced functionality and environmental advantages. The study introduces an innovative approach, merging color decoration, humidity sensing, and antiviral properties into a unified surface using chitosan, an organo-biological polymer, to create cost-effective multilayered films through sol-gel deposition and UV photoinduced deposition of metal nanoparticles. The resulting chitosan films showcase diverse structural colors and demonstrate significant antiviral efficiency, with a 50% and 85% virus inhibition rate within a rapid 20 min reaction, validated through fluorescence cell expression and real-time qPCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays. Silver-deposited chitosan films further enhance antiviral activity, achieving remarkable 91% and 95% inhibition in independent assays. These films exhibit humidity-responsive color modifications across a 25-90% relative humidity range, enabling real-time monitoring validated through simulation studies. The proposed three-in-one functional surface can have versatile applications in surface decoration, medicine, air conditioning, and the food industry. It can serve as a real-time humidity sensor for indoor and outdoor surfaces, find use in biomedical devices for continuous humidity monitoring, and offer antiviral protection for frequently handled devices and tools. The customizable colors enhance visual appeal, making it a comprehensive solution for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Burak
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (D.B.); (H.-E.A.); (S.J.)
- Department of Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Seo
- Research Animal Resources Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Eun An
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (D.B.); (H.-E.A.); (S.J.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (D.B.); (H.-E.A.); (S.J.)
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resources Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
| | - So-Hye Cho
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (D.B.); (H.-E.A.); (S.J.)
- Department of Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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4
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Jing L, Liu B, Liu D, Liu D, Wang F, Guan C, Wang Y, Liao C. Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Excessively Tilted Fiber Grating for Humidity Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:342. [PMID: 38257435 PMCID: PMC10819589 DOI: 10.3390/s24020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We propose a humidity sensor using an excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG) coated with agarose fabricated using femtosecond laser processing. The processed grating showcases remarkable differentiation between TE and TM modes, achieving an exceptionally narrow bandwidth of approximately 1.5 nm and an impressive modulation depth of up to 15 dB for both modes. We exposed the agarose-coated TFG sensor to various relative humidity levels and monitored the resonance wavelength to test its humidity sensing capability. Our findings demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a rapid response time (2-4 s) and showed a high response sensitivity (18.5 pm/%RH) between the humidity changes and the resonant wavelength shifts. The high sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, low hysteresis, and excellent long-term stability of the TFG humidity sensor, as demonstrated in our experimental results, make it an attractive option for environmental monitoring or biomedical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Jing
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (L.J.); (C.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Famei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunying Guan
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; (L.J.); (C.G.)
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China (C.L.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Hong Q, Zhao L, Lin F, Tan N, You X, Lu B, Huang B, Lv J, Chen Y, Tang L. Synthesis of Guanine/Vermiculite Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites for Wireless Humidity Sensing in Nut Storage Environment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:58734-58745. [PMID: 38055937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures have the advantages of high specific surface area, easy surface functionalization, abundant active sites, and good compatibility with device integration and can be assembled into three-dimensional structures, which are key to the development of high-performance gas sensors. In this study, 2D vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets and guanine (G), two renewable resources with unique chemical structures, were organically combined to fully use the specificity of their molecular structures and functional activities. Driven by the regulation of 2D VMT nanosheets, guanine/vermiculite (G/VMT)-based 2D nanocomposites with controllable pore structure, multiple binding sites, and unobstructed mass transfer were designed and synthesized. The G/VMT nanocomposite material was used as a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode-sensitive film material to build a QCM-based humidity sensor. G/VMT-based QCM humidity sensor had good logarithmic linear relation (0.9971), high sensitivity (24.49 Hz/% relative humidity), low hysteresis (1.75% RH), fast response/recovery time (39/6 s), and good stability. Furthermore, with a QCM sensor and a specially designed wireless circuit, a wireless humidity detection system transmitting via Wi-Fi allows real-time monitoring of nut storage. This study presents an environmentally friendly, high-performance, miniature 2D nanocomposite sensor strategy for real-time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Hong
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fengcai Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ningning Tan
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xinda You
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Beili Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yandan Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lirong Tang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
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6
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Wan Y, Zhang S, Zhao C, Deng M, Ren D, Huang F. A Flexible Humidity Sensor with Wide Range, High Linearity, and Fast Response Based on Ultralong Na 2Ti 3O 7 Nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:16865-16873. [PMID: 36946616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A flexible humidity sensor with wide sensing range, superior sensitivity, high linearity, and advanced response/recovery capabilities is extremely desirable for practical applications in human body-related (HBR) monitoring and human-machine interaction (HMI). However, the practical sensor lacks a versatile nanomaterial integrated with sensing capabilities and mechanical flexibility to meet the criteria. Herein, a comprehensive flexible humidity sensor with ultralong Na2Ti3O7 nanowires (>120 μm) is subtly constructed for the first time. Owing to the distinguish nanowires network structure, the sensor exhibits wide sensing range (11-95% RH), high sensitivity (>103), high linearity (R2 > 0.98), and fast response/recovery capability (8.9/2.1 s), as well as excellent respiratory stability (>5000 s). In addition, the Na2Ti3O7-based humidity sensor demonstrates superior flexibility and antibacteria capabilities, and exhibits diverse applications in respiration monitoring, noncontact detection, as well as dynamic interactive display. This work provides a multifunctional humidity sensor with excellent practicability, suggesting the great potential in next-generation human-related flexible/wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai200031, P.R. China
| | - Chendong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai200031, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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7
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Mei A, Chen W, Yang Z, Zhou M, Jin W, Yang S, Chen K, Liu Y. Study of intermolecular reconfiguration of flexible COF-5 film and its ultra-high chemiresistive humidity sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301440. [PMID: 36878875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, abundant active materials are developed to achieve the wearable detection of human body humidity. However, the limited response signal and sensitivity restrict further application due to their moderate affinity to water. Herein, we propose a flexible COF-5 film synthesized by a brief vapor-assisted method at room temperature. Intermediates are calculated by DTF simulation to investigate the interaction between COF-5 and water. The adsorption and desorption of water molecule result in a reversible deformation of COF layers while creating new conductive path by π-π stacking. The as-prepared COF-5 films are applied to the flexible humidity sensors, exhibiting a resistance change in 4 orders of magnitude with remarkable linear relation between log function of resistance and relative humidity (RH) in 11%-98% RH range. Applications including respiratory monitoring and non-contact switch are tested, providing a promising prospect for the detection of human body humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Mei
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Wen Chen
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Zifan Yang
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Min Zhou
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Wei Jin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Shuang Yang
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, CHINA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- China University of Geosciences Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yueli Liu
- Wuhan University of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engin, 430070, Wuhan, CHINA
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8
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Zhao C, Ji Y, Tang G, Zhao X, Mei D, Ru J, Zhu D, Wang Y. Rapid Preparation of Novel Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite for Improving Humidity Sensing Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030733. [PMID: 36772033 PMCID: PMC9921886 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have attracted attention in recent years due to their integration of actuation and sensing functions. As one of the main sensing functions of IPMCs, humidity sensing has been of consistent interest in wearable health monitors and artificial skin. However, there are still some technical challenges in that classical IPMCs have poor humidity sensing performance due to their dense surface electrode, and IPMCs are damaged easily due to an electrode/membrane mismatch. In this work, through the spraying and electrodepositing process, we developed an efficient method to rapidly prepare a Au-shell-Ag-NW (silver nanowire)-based IPMC with high strength, low surface resistance and excellent humidity sensing performance. Meanwhile, we optimized the preparation method by clarifying the influence of solvent type and electrodepositing time on the performance of the Au-shell-Ag-NW-based IPMC, thus effectively improving the humidity sensing effect and strength of the IPMC. Compared with previous research, the humidity electrical response (~9.6 mV) of the Au-shell-Ag-NW-based IPMC is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of the classical IPMC (~0.41 mV), which is mainly attributed to the sparse gap structure for promoting the exchange of water molecules in the environment and Nafion membrane, a low surface resistance (~3.4 Ohm/sq) for transmitting the signal, and a seamless connection between the electrode and Nafion membrane for fully collecting the ion charges in the Nafion membrane. Additionally, the Au-shell-Ag-NW-based IPMC could effectively monitor the human breathing process, and the humidity sensing performance did not change after being exposed to the air for 4 weeks, which further indicates that the Au-shell-Ag-NW-based IPMC has good application potential due to its efficient preparation technology, high stability and good reproducibility.
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Abstract
Since the transition from water to land, maintaining water balance has been a key challenge for terrestrial arthropods. We explore factors that allow terrestrial arthropods to survive within a variably dry world and how they shape ecological interactions. Detection of water and hydration is critical for maintaining water content. Efficient regulation of internal water content is accomplished by excretory and osmoregulatory systems that balance water intake and loss. Biochemical and physiological responses are necessary as water content declines to prevent and repair the damage that occurs during dehydration. Desiccation avoidance can occur seasonally or daily via a move to more favorable areas. Dehydration and its avoidance have ecological impacts that extend beyond a single species to alter trophic interactions. As climate changes, evolutionary and ecological processes will be critical to species survival during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
| | - Kevin E McCluney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA;
| | - Matthew J DeGennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Miami, Florida, USA;
| | - Julian A T Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom;
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10
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Jain S, Vedavyas V, Prajwal RV, Shaji M, Nath VG, Angappane S, Achutharao G. Silk and its composites for humidity and gas sensing applications. Front Chem 2023; 11:1141259. [PMID: 37021147 PMCID: PMC10067913 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1141259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein largely used in the textile industry with applications in bio-medicine, catalysis as well as in sensing materials. SF is a fiber material which is bio-compatible, biodegradable, and possesses high tensile strength. The incorporation of nanosized particles into SF allows the development of a variety of composites with tailored properties and functions. Silk and its composites are being explored for a wide range of sensing applications like strain, proximity, humidity, glucose, pH and hazardous/toxic gases. Most studies aim at improving the mechanical strength of SF by preparing hybrids with metal-based nanoparticles, polymers and 2D materials. Studies have been conducted by introducing semiconducting metal oxides into SF to tailor its properties like conductivity for use as a gas sensing material, where SF acts as a conductive path as well as a substrate for the incorporated nanoparticles. We have reviewed gas and humidity sensing properties of silk, silk with 0D (i.e., metal oxide), 2D (e.g., graphene, MXenes) composites. The nanostructured metal oxides are generally used in sensing applications, which use its semiconducting properties to show variation in the measured properties (e.g., resistivity, impedance) due to analyte gas adsorption on its surface. For example, vanadium oxides (i.e., V2O5) have been shown as candidates for sensing nitrogen containing gases and doped vanadium oxides for sensing CO gas. In this review article we provide latest and important results in the gas and humidity sensing of SF and its composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanth Jain
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - V. Vedavyas
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R. V. Prajwal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malavika Shaji
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vishnu G Nath
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - S. Angappane
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Govindaraj Achutharao
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Govindaraj Achutharao,
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11
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Boeckers H, Swiderek P, Rohdenburg M. Towards Improved Humidity Sensing Nanomaterials via Combined Electron and NH 3 Treatment of Carbon-Rich FEBID Deposits. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4455. [PMID: 36558308 PMCID: PMC9785463 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID) is a unique tool to produce nanoscale materials. The resulting deposits can be used, for instance, as humidity or strain sensors. The humidity sensing concept relies on the fact that FEBID using organometallic precursors often yields deposits which consist of metal nanoparticles embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. The electrical conductivity of such materials is altered in the presence of polar molecules such as water. Herein, we provide evidence that the interaction with water can be enhanced by incorporating nitrogen in the deposit through post-deposition electron irradiation in presence of ammonia (NH3). This opens the perspective to improve and tune the properties of humidity sensors fabricated by FEBID. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we have prepared carbonaceous deposits by electron irradiation of adsorbed layers of three different precursors, namely, the aliphatic hydrocarbon n-pentane, a simple alkene (2-methyl-2-butene), and the potential Ru FEBID precursor bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II). In a subsequent processing step, we incorporated C-N bonds in the deposit by electron irradiation of adsorbed NH3. To test the resulting material with respect to its potential humidity sensing capabilities, we condensed sub-monolayer quantities of water (H2O) on the deposit and evaluated their thermal desorption behavior. The results confirm that the desorption temperature of H2O decisively depends on the degree of N incorporation into the carbonaceous residue which, in turn, depends on the chemical nature of the precursor used for deposition of the carbonaceous layer. We thus anticipate that the sensitivity of a FEBID-based humidity sensor can be tuned by a precisely timed post-deposition electron and NH3 processing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Boeckers
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Petra Swiderek
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Zheng Z, Zhang G, Wang X, Kong X. Comparative Study of Gravimetric Humidity Sensor Platforms Based on CMUT and QCM. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1651. [PMID: 36296004 PMCID: PMC9608083 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors with comprehensive performance are of great interest for industrial and environmental applications. Most sensors, however, have to compromise on at least one characteristic such as sensitivity, response speed, and linearity. This paper reports a gravimetric humidity sensor based on a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) with exceptional all-around performance, and presents a side-by-side comparative investigation of two types of gravimetric humidity sensors for a better understanding of their characteristics and sensing mechanisms. For these purposes, a circular CMUT and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a resonance frequency of 10 MHz were designed and fabricated. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was employed as the humidity sensing layer for its hydrophilicity and ease of film formation. The electrical properties of the sensors, including the electrical input impedances and quality factors, were characterized by a vector network analyzer. The relative humidity (RH) sensing performance of the sensors was evaluated and compared from RH levels of 11% to 97%. Both sensors exhibited good repeatability and low hysteresis. The unique microscale resonant structure of the CMUT humidity sensor contributed to a high sensitivity of 2.01 kHz/%RH, short response and recovery times of 8 s and 3 s, respectively, and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.973), which were far superior to their QCM counterparts. The underlying mechanism was revealed and discussed.
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13
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Liu L, Ni Y, Mao J, Li S, Ng KH, Chen Z, Huang J, Cai W, Lai Y. Flexible and Highly Conductive Textiles Induced by Click Chemistry for Sensitive Motion and Humidity Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:37878-37886. [PMID: 35948056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To date, multifunctional sensors have aroused widespread concerns owing to their vital roles in the healthcare area. However, there are still significant challenges in the fabrication of functionalized integrated devices. In this work, hydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns are constructed on polyester-spandex-blended knitted fabric surface by the chemical click method, enabling accurate deposition of functionalized materials for sensitive and stable motion and humidity sensing. Representatively, a conductive silver nanowire (Ag NW) network was deliberately deposited on only the designated hydrophilic fabric surface to realize accurate, repeatable, and stable motion sensing. Such a Ag NWs sensor recorded a low electrical resistance (below 60 Ω), stable resistance cycling response (over 2000 cycles), and fast response time to humidity (0.46 s) during the sensing evaluation. In addition to experimental sensing, real human motions, such as mouth-opening and joint-flexing (wrist and neck), could also be detected using the same sensor. Similar promising outputs were also obtained over the humidity sensor fabricated over the same chemical click method, except the sensing material was replaced with polydopamine-modified carboxylated carbon nanotubes. The resultant sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity to not only experimentally adjusted environment humidity but also to the moisture content of breath and skin during daily activities. On top of all these, both sensors were fabricated over highly flexible fabric that offers high wearability, promising great application potential in the field of healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Kim Hoong Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Weilong Cai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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14
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Wang Y, Wang J, Shao Y, Liao C, Wang Y. Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Humidity Sensor Based on a Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Coated Polymer Optical Fiber. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11110461. [PMID: 34821677 PMCID: PMC8615527 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A surface-plasmon-resonance-based fiber device is proposed for highly sensitive relative humidity (RH) sensing and human breath monitoring. The device is fabricated by using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film and gold coating on the flat surface of a side-polished polymer optical fiber. The thickness and refractive index of the PVA coating are sensitive to environmental humidity, and thus the resonant wavelength of the proposed device exhibits a redshift as the RH increases. Experimental results demonstrate an average sensitivity of 4.98 nm/RH% across an ambient RH ranging from 40% to 90%. In particular, the sensor exhibits a linear response between 75% and 90% RH, with a sensitivity of 10.15 nm/RH%. The device is suitable for human breath tests and shows an average wavelength shift of up to 228.20 nm, which is 10 times larger than that of a silica-fiber-based humidity sensor. The corresponding response and recovery times are determined to be 0.44 s and 0.86 s, respectively. The proposed sensor has significant potential for a variety of practical applications, such as intensive care and human health analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.W.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Li P, Su N, Wang Z, Qiu J. A Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Energy-Harvesting Soft Actuator with Self-Powered Humidity Sensing and Real-Time Motion Tracking Capability. ACS Nano 2021; 15:16811-16818. [PMID: 34643083 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A smart soft actuator with multiple capabilities of humidity-driven actuating, humidity energy harvesting, self-powered humidity sensing, and real-time motion tracking is reported. It is designed on the basis of an MXene/cellulose/polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) composite membrane. This actuator is driven by asymmetric expansion under a moisture gradient during capture of the chemical potential of humidity to mechanical power. Meanwhile, the gradient moisture chemistry also induces directional proton diffusion to generate electricity with high power density and open-circuit voltage. A good linear correlation between the humidity sensitivity, electrical signal, and bending state of this actuator allows real-time tracking of motion modes with humidity change without an external power supply. This multifunctional soft actuator can be used for engineering smart switches, artificial fingers, and soft robots with trackable and distinguishable motion patterns, as well as sensitive noncontacting humidity sensor and breathing monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peida Li
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Su
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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16
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Ji P, Zhu M, Liao C, Zhao C, Yang K, Xiong C, Han J, Li C, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Y. In-Fiber Polymer Microdisk Resonator and Its Sensing Applications of Temperature and Humidity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:48119-48126. [PMID: 34585566 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and realized an all-in-fiber polymer microdisk whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonator, which is composed of a nanoscale polymer waveguide in conjunction with a polymer microdisk. The resonator is manufactured by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization inside a single-mode optical fiber, and its transmission spectrum has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The WGM resonance was excited successfully, exhibiting a high Q factor of 2.3 × 103 at a resonant wavelength of 1416.6 nm. The temperature and humidity responses of the resonator were tested as examples of possible application. Temperature sensitivity of -96 pm/°C when the temperature increased from 25 to 60 °C and humidity sensitivity of 54 pm/%RH when the relative humidity increased from 30 to 90% were obtained. The proposed in-fiber microdisk resonator is highly suitable for detection of microorganisms, bacteria, and single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changrui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kaiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chi Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/GuangDong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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17
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Yeo J, Lee JI, Kwon Y. Humidity-Sensing Chipless RFID Tag with Enhanced Sensitivity Using an Interdigital Capacitor Structure. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21196550. [PMID: 34640879 PMCID: PMC8513050 DOI: 10.3390/s21196550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An eight-bit chipless radio frequency identification tag providing humidity sensing and identification information is proposed. A compact, enhanced-sensitivity resonator based on an interdigital capacitor (IDC) structure is designed for humidity sensing, whereas seven electric-field-coupled inductor capacitor (ELC) resonators are used for identification information. These eight resonators are placed in a two-by-four array arrangement. A step-by-step investigation for the effect of varying the number of elements and array configuration on the resonant frequency and radar cross-section (RCS) magnitude of the IDC resonator is conducted. The RCS value of the resonant peak frequency for the IDC resonator increases as the number of array elements placed nearby increases due to the mutual coupling among the elements, and the increase in the RCS value becomes larger as the number of arrays increases in the vertical direction. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is coated on the IDC-based resonator at a thickness of 0.02 mm. A non-reflective temperature and humidity chamber is fabricated using Styrofoam, and the relative humidity (RH) is varied from 50% to 80% in 10% intervals at 25 °C in order to measure a bistatic RCS of the proposed tag. The humidity sensing performance of the IDC resonator in the proposed tag is measured by the shift in the resonant peak frequency and the RCS value, and is compared with a single ELC resonator. Experiment results show that when RH increased from 50% to 80%, the sensitivities of both the resonant peak frequency and the RCS value of the IDC resonator were better than those of the ELC resonator. The variation in the RCS value is much larger compared to the resonant peak frequency for both IDC and ELC resonators. In addition, the resonant peak frequency and RCS value of the PVA-coated IDC-based resonator change, whereas those of the other seven resonators without a PVA coating do not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Yeo
- School of ICT Convergence, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan 38453, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-850-6642
| | - Jong-Ig Lee
- Department of Applied Electronics Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Younghwan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan 38453, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
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Akram R, Yaseen M, Farooq Z, Rauf A, Almohaimeed ZM, Ikram M, Zafar Q. Capacitive and Conductometric Type Dual-Mode Relative Humidity Sensor Based on 5,10,15,20-tetra Phenyl Porphyrinato Nickel (II) (TPPNi). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3336. [PMID: 34641151 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A quest for a highly sensitive and reliable humidity monitoring system for a diverse variety of applications is quite vital. Specifically, the ever-increasing demand of humidity sensors in applications ranging from agriculture to healthcare equipment (to cater the current demand of COVID-19 ventilation systems), calls for a selection of suitable humidity sensing material. (2) Methods: In the present study, the TPPNi macromolecule has been synthesized by using a microwave-assisted synthesis process. The layer structure of the fabricated humidity sensor (Al/TPPNi/Al) consists of pair of planar 120 nm thin aluminum (Al) electrodes (deposited by thermal evaporation) and ~160 nm facile spin-coated solution-processable organic TPPNi as an active layer between the ~40 µm electrode gap. (3) Results: Electrical properties (capacitance and impedance) of sensors were found to be substantially sensitive not only on relative humidity but also on the frequency of the input bias signal. The proposed sensor exhibits multimode (capacitive and conductometric) operation with significantly higher sensitivity ~146.17 pF/%RH at 500 Hz and 48.23 kΩ/%RH at 1 kHz. (4) Conclusions: The developed Al/TPPNi/Al surface type humidity sensor’s much-improved detecting properties along with reasonable dynamic range and response time suggest that it could be effective for continuous humidity monitoring in multi environmental applications.
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Lo Presti D, Cimini S, Massaroni C, D’Amato R, Caponero MA, De Gara L, Schena E. Plant Wearable Sensors Based on FBG Technology for Growth and Microclimate Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21196327. [PMID: 34640649 PMCID: PMC8512323 DOI: 10.3390/s21196327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are primary resources for oxygen and foods whose production is fundamental for our life. However, diseases and pests may interfere with plant growth and cause a significant reduction of both the quality and quantity of agriculture products. Increasing agricultural productivity is crucial for poverty reduction and food security improvements. For this reason, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives a central role to agriculture by promoting a strong technological innovation for advancing sustainable practices at the plant level. To accomplish this aim, recently, wearable sensors and flexible electronics have been extended from humans to plants for measuring elongation, microclimate, and stressing factors that may affect the plant’s healthy growth. Unexpectedly, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which are very popular in health monitoring applications ranging from civil infrastructures to the human body, are still overlooked for the agriculture sector. In this work, for the first time, plant wearables based on FBG technology are proposed for the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of plant growth and environmental parameters (i.e., temperature and humidity) in real settings. The promising results demonstrated the feasibility of FBG-based sensors to work in real situations by holding the promise to advance continuous and accurate plant health growth monitoring techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentations, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06225419650
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentations, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Rosaria D’Amato
- Photonics Micro and Nanostructures Laboratory, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, FSN-TECFIS-MNF, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.D.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Michele Arturo Caponero
- Photonics Micro and Nanostructures Laboratory, Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, FSN-TECFIS-MNF, ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.D.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentations, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (E.S.)
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Dojcinovic MP, Vasiljevic ZZ, Krstic JB, Vujancevic JD, Markovic S, Tadic NB, Nikolic MV. Electrospun Nickel Manganite (NiMn 2O 4) Nanocrystalline Fibers for Humidity and Temperature Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:4357. [PMID: 34202332 DOI: 10.3390/s21134357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nickel manganite nanocrystalline fibers were obtained by electrospinning and subsequent calcination at 400 °C. As-spun fibers were characterized by TG/DTA, Scanning Electron Microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of nickel manganite with a cubic spinel structure, while N2 physisorption at 77 K enabled determination of the BET specific surface area as 25.3 m2/g and (BJH) mesopore volume as 21.5 m2/g. The material constant (B) of the nanocrystalline nickel manganite fibers applied by drop-casting on test interdigitated electrodes on alumina substrate, dried at room temperature, was determined as 4379 K in the 20–50 °C temperature range and a temperature sensitivity of −4.95%/K at room temperature (25 °C). The change of impedance with relative humidity was monitored at 25 and 50 °C for a relative humidity (RH) change of 40 to 90% in the 42 Hzπ1 MHz frequency range. At 100 Hz and 25 °C, the sensitivity of 327.36 ± 80.12 kΩ/%RH was determined, showing that nickel manganite obtained by electrospinning has potential as a multifunctional material for combined humidity and temperature sensing.
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21
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Bošković MV, Šljukić B, Vasiljević Radović D, Radulović K, Rašljić Rafajilović M, Frantlović M, Sarajlić M. Full-Self-Powered Humidity Sensor Based on Electrochemical Aluminum-Water Reaction. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21103486. [PMID: 34067738 PMCID: PMC8156808 DOI: 10.3390/s21103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A detailed examination of the principle of operation behind the functioning of the full-self-powered humidity sensor is presented. The sensor has been realized as a structure consisting of an interdigitated capacitor with aluminum thin-film digits. In this work, the details of its fabrication and activation are described in detail. The performed XRD, FTIR, SEM, AFM, and EIS analyses, as well as noise measurements, revealed that the dominant process of electricity generation is the electrochemical reaction between the sensor's aluminum electrodes and the water from humid air in the presence of oxygen, which was the main goal of this work. The response of the sensor to human breath is also presented as a demonstration of its possible practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko V. Bošković
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Biljana Šljukić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
- CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Téchnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dana Vasiljević Radović
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Katarina Radulović
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Milena Rašljić Rafajilović
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Miloš Frantlović
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Milija Sarajlić
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.R.); (K.R.); (M.R.R.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (M.S.)
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22
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Xu Z, Zhai T, Shi X, Tong J, Wang X, Deng J. Multifunctional Sensing Based on an Ultrathin Transferrable Microring Laser. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:19324-19331. [PMID: 33861082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ultrathin-film microring laser was fabricated using inkjet printing and a simple lift-off technique. Whispering-gallery-mode lasing was observed under optically pumped conditions in the film. The freestanding laser can be transferred to arbitrary surfaces for multifunctional applications, such as acoustic and relative humidity sensing. Using the first eigenmode of a membrane vibration, an acoustic sensor with a 0.15 Pa limit of detection was demonstrated via laser bandwidth broadening. A relative humidity sensor with a 1.1% limit of detection via wavelength shifts was demonstrated by placing the device on an optical fiber facet. These cost-effective, transferrable, multifunctional laser sensors will have many additional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Junhua Tong
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jinxiang Deng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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23
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Abstract
From typical electrical appliances to thriving intelligent robots, the exchange of information between humans and machines has mainly relied on the contact sensor medium. However, this kind of contact interaction can cause severe problems, such as inevitable mechanical wear and cross-infection of bacteria or viruses between the users, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, revolutionary noncontact human-machine interaction (HMI) is highly desired in remote online detection and noncontact control systems. In this study, a flexible high-sensitivity humidity sensor and array are presented, fabricated by anchoring multilayer graphene (MG) into electrospun polyamide (PA) 66. The sensor works in noncontact mode for asthma detection, via monitoring the respiration rate in real time, and remote alarm systems and provides touchless interfaces in medicine delivery for bedridden patients. The physical structure of the large specific surface area and the chemical structure of the abundant water-absorbing functional groups of the PA66 nanofiber networks contribute to the high performance synergistically. This work can lead to a new era of noncontact HMI without the risk of contagiousness and provide a general and effective strategy for the development of smart electronics that require noncontact interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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24
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Chen Y, Fang F, Abbel R, Patel M, Parker K. Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21051911. [PMID: 33803332 PMCID: PMC7967239 DOI: 10.3390/s21051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Submicron-sized carbon fibres have been attracting research interest due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the non-renewable resources and their complex fabrication processes limit the scalability and pose difficulties for the utilisation of these materials. Here, we investigate the use of plasma arc technology to convert renewable electrospun lignin fibres into a new kind of carbon fibre with a globular and porous microstructure. The influence of arc currents (up to 60 A) on the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared carbon fibres is discussed. Owing to the catalyst-free synthesis, high purity micro-structured carbon fibres with nanocrystalline graphitic domains are produced. Furthermore, the humidity sensing characteristics of the treated fibres at room temperature (23 °C) are demonstrated. Sensors produced from these carbon fibres exhibit good humidity response and repeatability in the range of 30% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and an excellent sensitivity (0.81/%RH) in the high RH regime (60–80%). These results demonstrate that the plasma arc technology has great potential for the development of sustainable, lignin-based carbon fibres for a broad range of application in electronics, sensors and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fang Fang
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand;
| | - Robert Abbel
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Meeta Patel
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kate Parker
- Scion, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand; (R.A.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
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25
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Li Z, Wang J, Dai L, Sun X, An M, Duan C, Li J, Ni Y. Asymmetrically Patterned Cellulose Nanofibers/Graphene Oxide Composite Film for Humidity Sensing and Moist-Induced Electricity Generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55205-55214. [PMID: 33256398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of advanced functional materials from natural resources is significantly important to green and sustainable development. Herein, we design an ultrafast humidity-driven bending response system using asymmetrically patterned cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/graphene oxide (GO) composite films. The CNF/GO composite films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted filtration, followed by a surface imprinting technique. The results reveal that the composite films possess excellent linear response to humidity change and cycle stability in the relative humidity (RH) range from 25 to 85%. The curvature of the film varies from 0.012 to 0.260 cm-1 as the RH changes from 25 to 85%, and the response time is only 3-5 s. The outstanding humidity response is attributed to the addition of GO that actively interacts with water, enhancing the flexibility and humidity sensitivity of the composite films. In addition, asymmetrical patterning improves the water transfer rate by confinement and renders an easy deformation of composite films under the same stress. Molecular dynamics simulation and finite element analysis are used to further elucidate the mechanism therein. Furthermore, this CNF/GO composite film is also an effective hygroelectric generator, with an output voltage as high as 286 mV. This smart CNF/GO film with responsive humidity-driven deformation shows potential applications as a biomimetic leaf, a proximity sensor, and a moisture-driven electricity generator. This work inspires a new approach of smart material design with nanocellulose and GO and promotes their further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Meng An
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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26
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Anichini C, Aliprandi A, Gali SM, Liscio F, Morandi V, Minoia A, Beljonne D, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Ultrafast and Highly Sensitive Chemically Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Humidity Sensors: Harnessing Device Performances via the Supramolecular Approach. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44017-44025. [PMID: 32880164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humidity sensors have been gaining increasing attention because of their relevance for well-being. To meet the ever-growing demand for new cost-efficient materials with superior performances, graphene oxide (GO)-based relative humidity sensors have emerged recently as low-cost and highly sensitive devices. However, current GO-based sensors suffer from important drawbacks including slow response and recovery, as well as poor stability. Interestingly, reduced GO (rGO) exhibits higher stability, yet accompanied by a lower sensitivity to humidity due to its hydrophobic nature. With the aim of improving the sensing performances of rGO, here we report on a novel generation of humidity sensors based on a simple chemical modification of rGO with hydrophilic moieties, i.e., triethylene glycol chains. Such a hybrid material exhibits an outstandingly improved sensing performance compared to pristine rGO such as high sensitivity (31% increase in electrical resistance when humidity is shifted from 2 to 97%), an ultrafast response (25 ms) and recovery in the subsecond timescale, low hysteresis (1.1%), excellent repeatability and stability, as well as high selectivity toward moisture. Such highest-key-performance indicators demonstrate the full potential of two-dimensional (2D) materials when decorated with suitably designed supramolecular receptors to develop the next generation of chemical sensors of any analyte of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Anichini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- CMN, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Fabiola Liscio
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (IMM)-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (IMM)-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Minoia
- CMN, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- CMN, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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27
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Li M, Lyu Q, Sun L, Peng B, Zhang L, Zhu J. Fluorescent Metallosupramolecular Elastomers for Fast and Ultrasensitive Humidity Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39665-39673. [PMID: 32805880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent supramolecular polymers that can respond to subtle external stimuli to generate luminescence signals are promising in a wide range of applications, including probes, anti-counterfeiting materials, and sensors. However, complicated preparative procedures, limited responsive speed, and relatively low sensitivity still limit their practical sensing applications. Herein, we report europium-containing metallosupramolecular (PU-Eu) elastomers for fast and ultrasensitive humidity sensing by employing hygroscopic polyurethane (PU), whose urethane groups can coordinate with europium ions (Eu3+), emitting a strong luminescent signal by ligand-to-metal energy transfer. The variant of the coordination bond strength triggered by external humidity imparts the PU-Eu elastomer with a fast (∼1.1 s) and ultrasensitive response to the humid condition, where the external humidity increases by ∼1% and the corresponding fluorescence intensity will drop by ∼421.98 a.u. By a dip-coating process, PU-Eu elastomers can be conveniently coated on a hydrophilic and porous cellulose acetate nanofiber membrane, and the resulting composite membrane can achieve real-time and reversible monitoring of environmental humidity and human respiration. Given the versatility of PU-Eu elastomers, this study provides a low-cost and facile route of obtaining fluorescent metallosupramolecular polymers for fast and ultrasensitive humidity sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quanqian Lyu
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lvetao Sun
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bolun Peng
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
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28
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Solin K, Borghei M, Sel O, Orelma H, Johansson LS, Perrot H, Rojas OJ. Electrically Conductive Thin Films Based on Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Interactions with Water and Applications in Humidity Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:36437-36448. [PMID: 32672936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as humidity-responsive films and evaluated using electroacoustic admittance (quartz crystal microbalance with impedance monitoring, QCM-I) and electrical resistivity. Water uptake and swelling phenomena were investigated in a range of relative humidity (% RH) between 30 and 60% and temperatures between 25 and 50 °C. The presence of CNT endowed fibril networks with high water accessibility, enabling fast and sensitive response to changes in humidity, with mass gains of up to 20%. The TOCNF-based sensors became viscoelastic upon water uptake, as quantified by the Martin-Granstaff model. Sensing elements were supported on glass and paper substrates and confirmed a wide window of operation in terms of cyclic % RH, bending, adhesion, and durability. The electrical resistance of the supported films increased by ∼15% with changes in % RH from 20 to 60%. The proposed system offers a great potential to monitor changes in smart packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Solin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ozlem Sel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8535, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 4, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8535, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- The Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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29
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He C, Korposh S, Hernandez FU, Liu L, Correia R, Hayes-Gill BR, Morgan SP. Real-Time Humidity Measurement during Sports Activity using Optical Fibre Sensing. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1904. [PMID: 32235429 DOI: 10.3390/s20071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An optical fibre sensor for monitoring relative humidity (RH) changes during exercise is demonstrated. The humidity sensor comprises a tip coating of poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) deposited using the layer-by-layer technique. An uncoated fibre is employed to compensate for bending losses that are likely to occur during movement. A linear fit to the response of the sensing system to RH demonstrates a sensitivity of 3.02 mV/% (R2 = 0.96), hysteresis ± 1.17% RH when 11 bilayers of PAH/SiO2 NPs are coated on the tip of the fibre. The performance of two different textiles (100% cotton and 100% polyester) were tested in real-time relative humidity measurement for 10 healthy volunteers. The results demonstrate the moisture wicking properties of polyester in that the relative humidity dropped more rapidly after cessation of exercise compared to cotton. The approach has the potential to be used to monitor sports performance and by clothing developers for characterising different garment designs.
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30
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Kasuga T, Yagyu H, Uetani K, Koga H, Nogi M. "Return to the Soil" Nanopaper Sensor Device for Hyperdense Sensor Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:43488-43493. [PMID: 31659891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanopaper sensor device that combines humidity sensing, wireless information transmission, and degradability has been fabricated using wood-derived nanopaper as the substrate and dielectric layers. The nanopaper shows excellent suitability for capacitor dielectric layers because of its high dielectric constant, insulating properties suitable for thin-film formation, and lamination properties. A wireless transmission circuit containing the nanopaper capacitor can transmit radio signals in the megahertz band, and the relative humidity change can be output as a change in the radio signal owing to the humidity sensitivity of the nanopaper capacitor. More than 95% of the total volume of the nanopaper sensor device decomposes in soil after 40 days. Because the nanopaper sensor device does not need to be recovered, it is expected to greatly contribute to a sustainable society through realization of hyperdense observation networks by mass installation of sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kasuga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Hitomi Yagyu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Kojiro Uetani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
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31
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Fanning PD, Johnson AE, Luttinen BE, Espeland EM, Jahn NT, Isaacs R. Behavioral and Physiological Resistance to Desiccation in Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Environ Entomol 2019; 48:792-798. [PMID: 31157374 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With a high surface to volume ratio, small organisms must carefully regulate their internal water status. Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is an invasive frugivorous insect distributed across a wide range of geographical regions that can have periods of dry and hot weather, suggesting that this species has strategies to avoid stressful environments and reduce water loss. It also survives winter as an adult fly, indicating that it has adaptations to the low air humidity of this season. To determine the importance of water stress to D. suzukii, we studied their survival in environments of low humidity, which was manipulated using Drierite, and their survival and water loss in response to desiccation. Survival of both sexes was lower in drier conditions, and while female winter morph D. suzukii had higher mortality early on, remaining flies were able to survive longer in the drier conditions than the summer morphs. A bioassay method was adapted from Enjin et al. (2016) using 48-well plates to videotape the location of flies and quantify their behavioral responses to humidity. Male and female D. suzukii avoided dry conditions within the bioassay system, but only when there was at least 25% differential between humidity extremes. This response was observed for both summer and winter morphs of D. suzukii and our results provide guidance for attempts to manipulate crop environments to reduce the economic impact of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne E Johnson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | | | - Nolan T Jahn
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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32
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Nie J, Xiao S, Tan R, Wang T, Duan X. New Insights on the Fast Response of Poly(Ionic Liquid)s to Humidity: The Effect of Free-Ion Concentration. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9050749. [PMID: 31100809 PMCID: PMC6567128 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The swelling mechanism is widely used to explain the response of ionic liquids (ILs) or poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) to moisture. While a fairly broad consensus has been attained, there are still some phenomena that are not well explained. As a complement to the swelling mechanism, we systematically studied the free volume theory in the rapid response and recovery of PIL humidity performance. We chose poly(1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide) (PIL-Br), poly(1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) (PIL-BF4) and poly(1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide)) (PIL-TFSI) as model materials and investigated the impact of PIL structure including anion type, film thickness and affinity to moisture on performance to obtain the humidity sensing mechanism for PILs based on free volume theory. Hence, we can combine free volume theory with the designed PIL structures and their affinity with moisture to obtain a high concentration of free ions in PIL sensing films. Furthermore, the PIL humidity sensors also show fast, substantial impedance changes with changing humidity for real-time monitoring of the human respiratory rate due to a fast response and recovery performance. Therefore, our findings develop a new perspective to understand the humidity performance of PILs based on free volume theory, resulting in fast response and recovery properties realized by the rational design of PIL sensing films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Nie
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Rou Tan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Taihong Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiaochuan Duan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Li W, Wang L, Cai Y, Pan P, Li J, Ren Q, Xu J. Enhanced Humidity Sensing Response of SnO 2/Silicon Nanopillar Array by UV Irradiation. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19092141. [PMID: 31075817 PMCID: PMC6539979 DOI: 10.3390/s19092141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a silicon nanopillar array was created with nanosphere lithography. SnO2 film was deposited on this nanostructure by magnetron sputtering to form an SnO2/silicon nanopillar array sensor. The humidity sensitivity, response time, and recovery time were all measured at room temperature (25 °C) with UV or without UV irradiation. As a result, the humidity sensitivity properties were improved by enlarging the specific surface area with ordered nanopillars and irradiating with UV light. These results indicate that nanostructure sensors have potential applications in the field of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yun Cai
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peifeng Pan
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinze Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qingying Ren
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Arunachalam S, Izquierdo R, Nabki F. Low-Hysteresis and Fast Response Time Humidity Sensors Using Suspended Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E680. [PMID: 30736455 DOI: 10.3390/s19030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A humidity sensor using suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was fabricated using a low-temperature surface micromachining process. The CNTs were functionalized with carboxylic acid groups that facilitated the interaction of water vapor with the CNTs. The humidity sensor showed a response time of 12 s and a recovery time of 47 s, along with superior hysteresis and stable performance. The hysteresis curve area of the suspended structure is 3.6, a 3.2-fold reduction in comparison to the non-suspended structure. A comparative study between suspended and non-suspended devices highlights the advantages of using a suspended architecture.
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35
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Chen Y, Guo Q, Huang G, Li G, Wang L, Tian Z, Qin Y, Di Z, Mei Y. Multifunctional Nanocracks in Silicon Nanomembranes by Notch-Assisted Transfer Printing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:25644-25651. [PMID: 29992807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating nanocracks to produce various nanodevices has attracted increasing interest. Here, based on the mature transfer printing technique, a novel notch-assisted transfer printing technique was engaged to produce nanocracks by simply introducing notch structures into the transferred nanomembranes. Both experiments and finite element simulations were used to elucidate the probability of nanocrack formation during the transfer process, and the results demonstrated that the geometry of nanomembranes played a key role in concentrating stress and producing nanocracks. We further demonstrated that the obtained nanocrack can be used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate because of the significant enhancement of electric fields. In addition, the capillary condensation of water molecules in the nanocrack led to an obvious change of resistance, thus providing an opportunity for the crack-based structure to be used as an ultrasensitive humidity sensor. The current approach can be applied to producing nanocracks from multiple materials and will have important applications in the field of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , People's Republic of China
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Adhyapak P, Aiyer R, Dugasani SR, Kim HU, Song CK, Vinu A, Renugopalakrishnan V, Park SH, Kim T, Lee H, Amalnerkar D. Thickness-dependent humidity sensing by poly(vinyl alcohol) stabilized Au-Ag and Ag-Au core-shell bimetallic nanomorph resistors. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171986. [PMID: 30110479 PMCID: PMC6030311 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a simple chemical route to prepare Au-Ag and Ag-Au core-shell bimetallic nanostructures by reduction of two kinds of noble metal ions in the presence of a water-soluble polymer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). PVA was intentionally chosen as it can play a dual role of a supporting matrix as well as stabilizer. The simultaneous reduction of metal ions leads to an alloy type of structure. Ag(c)-Au(s) core-shell structures display tendency to form prismatic nanostructures in conjunction with nanocubes while Au(c)-Ag(s) core-shell structures show formation of merely nanocubes. Although UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the samples typically suggest the formation of both Ag(c)-Au(s) and Au(c)-Ag(s) bimetallic nanostructures, the definitive evidence comes from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark field elemental mapping in the case of Au(c)-Ag(s) nanomorphs only. The resultant nanocomposite materials are used to fabricate resistors on ceramic rods having two electrodes by drop casting technique. These resistors are examined for their relative humidity (RH) response in the range (2-93% RH) and both the bimetallic nanocomposite materials offer optimized sensitivity of about 20 Kohm/% RH and 300 ohm/% RH at low and higher humidity conditions, respectively, which is better than that of individual nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Adhyapak
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Panchwati, Off Pashan Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rohini Aiyer
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sreekantha Reddy Dugasani
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chung Kil Song
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Natural Built Environment and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Venkatesan Renugopalakrishnan
- Center for Renewable Energy Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sung Ha Park
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Haiwon Lee
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Dinesh Amalnerkar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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37
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Zheng Y, Bremer K, Roth B. Investigating the Strain, Temperature and Humidity Sensitivity of a Multimode Graded-Index Perfluorinated Polymer Optical Fiber with Bragg Grating. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E1436. [PMID: 29734734 DOI: 10.3390/s18051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the strain, temperature and humidity sensitivity of a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) inscribed in a near infrared low-loss multimode perfluorinated polymer optical fiber based on cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP). For this purpose, FBGs were inscribed into the multimode CYTOP fiber with a core diameter of 50 µm by using a krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser and the phase mask method. The evolution of the reflection spectrum of the FBG detected with a multimode interrogation technique revealed a single reflection peak with a full width at half maximum (FHWM) bandwidth of about 9 nm. Furthermore, the spectral envelope of the single FBG reflection peak can be optimized depending on the KrF excimer laser irradiation time. A linear shift of the Bragg wavelength due to applied strain, temperature and humidity was measured. Furthermore, depending on irradiation time of the KrF excimer laser, both the failure strain and strain sensitivity of the multimode fiber with FBG can be controlled. The inherent low light attenuation in the near infrared wavelength range (telecommunication window) of the multimode CYTOP fiber and the single FBG reflection peak when applying the multimode interrogation set-up will allow for new applications in the area of telecommunication and optical sensing.
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Sahatiya P, Kadu A, Gupta H, Thanga Gomathi P, Badhulika S. Flexible, Disposable Cellulose-Paper-Based MoS 2/Cu 2S Hybrid for Wireless Environmental Monitoring and Multifunctional Sensing of Chemical Stimuli. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:9048-9059. [PMID: 29442495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional sensors responding to different chemical stimuli fabricated using functional nanomaterials still remain a challenge because of the usage of the same sensor multiple times for different sensing applications and unreliable front-end processing of the sensing data. This challenge is intensified by the lack of suitable techniques for fabricating disposable sensors, which can be integrated into smartphones with a dedicated application developed for each sensing application. A novel MoS2/Cu2S hybrid grown on disposable cellulose paper by the hydrothermal method is reported for its utilization in sensing humidity, temperature, breath, and ethanol adulteration, wherein the data can be wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone with the dedicated application module for each sensing application. The sensor can be utilized for a particular sensing application and then can be disposed, avoiding the need for utilizing the same sensor for different sensing applications, thereby increasing the accuracy of the sensing data. The sensing mechanism of the fabricated sensor is explained for each stimulus in terms of change in the transport properties of the MoS2/Cu2S hybrid. The development of such unique hybrid materials for wireless disposable multifunctional sensors is a great step ahead in flexible and wearable electronics having potential applications in medical, security, Internet of things, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Sahatiya
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Hyderabad 502285 , India
| | - Anand Kadu
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Hyderabad 502285 , India
| | - Harshit Gupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar 140001 , Punjab , India
| | - P Thanga Gomathi
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Hyderabad 502285 , India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Hyderabad 502285 , India
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39
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Guo J, Wen R, Liu Y, Zhang K, Kou J, Zhai J, Wang ZL. Piezotronic Effect Enhanced Flexible Humidity Sensing of Monolayer MoS 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:8110-8116. [PMID: 29436223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the piezotronic effect on the performance of humidity detection based on a back-to-back Schottky contacted monolayer MoS2 device. By introducing an upswept mechanical strain, the in-plane electrical polarization can be induced at the MoS2/metal junction region. The polarization charges can modify the Schottky barrier height at the interface of MoS2/metal junction, subsequently improving the sensitivity of the humidity sensing. An energy band diagram is proposed to explain the experiment phenomenon of the humidity sensor. This work provides a simple way to enhance the sensitivity of ultrathin two-dimensional-materials-based sensors by the piezotronic effect, which has great potential applications in electronic skin, human-computer interfacing, gas sensing, and environment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Rongmei Wen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yudong Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ke Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jinzong Kou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junyi Zhai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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40
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Li W, Ding C, Cai Y, Liu J, Wang L, Ren Q, Xu J. Enhanced Humidity Sensitivity with Silicon Nanopillar Array by UV Light. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18020660. [PMID: 29473917 PMCID: PMC5855532 DOI: 10.3390/s18020660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of silicon nanopillar array for relative humidity (RH) with UV illumination was investigated in this work. The silicon nanopillar array was prepared by nanosphere lithography. Electrical measurements were performed on its sensing performance with and without UV irradiation. It was found that UV light improved the humidity sensitivity with different UV light wavelengths and power. The sensor response and recovery time were reduced. Furthermore, the turn-on threshold voltage and the operating voltage both decreased. These sensing characteristics can mainly be attributed to the electron-hole pairs generated by UV light. These electron-hole pairs promote the adsorption and desorption processes. The results indicate that silicon nanopillar array materials with UV irradiation might be competitive as novel sensing materials for fabricating humidity sensors with high performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Chao Ding
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yun Cai
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Juyan Liu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qingying Ren
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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41
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Zhao H, Zhang T, Qi R, Dai J, Liu S, Fei T. Drawn on Paper: A Reproducible Humidity Sensitive Device by Handwriting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:28002-28009. [PMID: 28767212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a kind of full carbon-based humidity sensor fabricated on the paper substrate by handwriting. The electrodes were written by commercial pencils, and the sensitive layer was drawn with an oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (o-MWCNTs) ink marker. The resultant devices exhibit good reproducibility and stability during the dynamic measurement. The response of the optimized paper-based sensor exhibits about five times higher than sensors fabricated on the ceramic substrate, which is owing to the hydrophilic property of the paper substrate. The structure of the sensitive layer formed by dispersing sensitive materials in the porous surface of paper substrates alleviates the inner stress in the process of bending. The response of printing paper-based sensors only shows the 6.7% decay even under an extremely high bending degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Dai
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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42
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Abstract
Insects use hygrosensation (humidity sensing) to avoid desiccation and, in vectors such as mosquitoes, to locate vertebrate hosts. Sensory neurons activated by either dry or moist air (‘dry cells’ and ‘moist cells’) have been described in many insects, but their behavioral roles and the molecular basis of their hygrosensitivity remain unclear. We recently reported that Drosophila hygrosensation relies on three Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) required for dry cell function: IR25a, IR93a and IR40a (Knecht et al., 2016). Here, we discover Drosophila moist cells and show that they require IR25a and IR93a together with IR68a, a conserved, but orphan IR. Both IR68a- and IR40a-dependent pathways drive hygrosensory behavior: each is important for dry-seeking by hydrated flies and together they underlie moist-seeking by dehydrated flies. These studies reveal that humidity sensing in Drosophila, and likely other insects, involves the combined activity of two molecularly related but neuronally distinct hygrosensing systems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26654.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Knecht
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Ana F Silbering
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joyner Cruz
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Ludi Yang
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
| | - Vincent Croset
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Garrity
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States.,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, United States
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43
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Ganter P, Szendrei K, Lotsch BV. Towards the Nanosheet-Based Photonic Nose: Vapor Recognition and Trace Water Sensing with Antimony Phosphate Thin Film Devices. Adv Mater 2016; 28:7436-42. [PMID: 27314548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A 2D nanosheet-based photonic nose for vapor identification is presented. A HSbP2 O8 nanosheet thin-film sensor with resistive readout is developed for the tracking of trace amounts of water, and a photonic HSbP2 O8 /TiO2 multilayer structure is effective at optically distinguishing between chemically similar solvent vapors through analyte-specific host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirmin Ganter
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Katalin Szendrei
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany.
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44
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Zhang D, Sun Y, Li P, Zhang Y. Facile Fabrication of MoS2-Modified SnO2 Hybrid Nanocomposite for Ultrasensitive Humidity Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:14142-9. [PMID: 27192399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive humidity sensor based on molybdenum-disulfide- (MoS2)-modified tin oxide (SnO2) nanocomposite has been demonstrated in this work. The nanostructural, morphological, and compositional properties of an as-prepared MoS2/SnO2 nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), nitrogen sorption analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed its successful preparation and rationality. The sensing characteristics of the MoS2/SnO2 hybrid film device against relative humidity (RH) were investigated at room temperature. The RH sensing results revealed an unprecedented response, ultrafast response/recovery behaviors, and outstanding repeatability. To our knowledge, the sensor response yielded in this work was tens of times higher than that of the existing humidity sensors. Moreover, the MoS2/SnO2 hybrid nanocomposite film sensor exhibited great enhancement in humidity sensing performances as compared to the pure MoS2, SnO2, and graphene counterparts. Furthermore, complex impedance spectroscopy and bode plots were employed to understand the underlying sensing mechanisms of the MoS2/SnO2 nanocomposite toward humidity. The synthesized MoS2/SnO2 hybrid composite was proved to be an excellent candidate for constructing ultrahigh-performance humidity sensor toward various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yan'e Sun
- College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
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Ghadiry M, Gholami M, Kong LC, Yi CW, Ahmad H, Alias Y. Nano-Anatase TiO₂ for High Performance Optical Humidity Sensing on Chip. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 16:s16010039. [PMID: 26729115 PMCID: PMC4732072 DOI: 10.3390/s16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An on-chip optical humidity sensor using Nano-anatase TiO2 coating is presented here. The coating material was prepared so that the result is in solution form, making the fabrication process quick and simple. Then, the solution was effortlessly spin-coated on an SU8 straight channel waveguide. Investigating the sensitivity and performance (response time) of the device revealed a great linearity in the wide range (35% to 98%) of relative humidity (RH). In addition, a variation of more than 14 dB in transmitted optical power was observed, with a response time of only ~0.7 s. The effect of coating concentration and UV treatment was examined on the performance and repeatability of the sensor. Interesting observations were found, and the attributed mechanisms were described. In addition, the proposed sensor was extensively compared with other state-of-the-art proposed counterparts from the literature and remarkable advantages were found. Since a high sensitivity of ~0.21 dB/%RH and high dynamic performances were demonstrated, this sensor is proposed for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiar Ghadiry
- Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mehrdad Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Choon Kong
- Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chong Wu Yi
- Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Harith Ahmad
- Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Yatima Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Yasaei P, Behranginia A, Foroozan T, Asadi M, Kim K, Khalili-Araghi F, Salehi-Khojin A. Stable and Selective Humidity Sensing Using Stacked Black Phosphorus Flakes. ACS Nano 2015; 9:9898-905. [PMID: 26401950 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) atomic layers are known to undergo chemical degradation in humid air. Yet in more robust configurations such as films, composites, and embedded structures, BP can potentially be utilized in a large number of practical applications. In this study, we explored the sensing characteristics of BP films and observed an ultrasensitive and selective response toward humid air with a trace-level detection capability and a very minor drift over time. Our experiments show that the drain current of the BP sensor increases by ∼4 orders of magnitude as the relative humidity (RH) varies from 10% to 85%, which ranks it among the highest ever reported values for humidity detection. The mechanistic studies indicate that the operation principle of the BP film sensors is based on the modulation in the leakage ionic current caused by autoionization of water molecules and ionic solvation of the phosphorus oxoacids produced on moist BP surfaces. Our stability tests reveal that the response of the BP film sensors remains nearly unchanged after prolonged exposures (up to 3 months) to ambient conditions. This study opens up the route for utilizing BP stacked films in many potential applications such as energy generation/storage systems, electrocatalysis, and chemical/biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kibum Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea
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Yao Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Zeng B, Wu Z, Li X. The effect of ambient humidity on the electrical properties of graphene oxide films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:363. [PMID: 22748079 PMCID: PMC3467191 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of water adsorption on the electrical properties of graphene oxide (GO) films using the direct current (DC) measurement and alternating current (AC) complex impedance spectroscopy. GO suspension synthesized by a modified Hummer's method is deposited on Au interdigitated electrodes. The strong electrical interaction of water molecules with GO films was observed through electrical characterizations. The DC measurement results show that the electrical properties of GO films are humidity- and applied voltage amplitude-dependent. The AC complex impedance spectroscopy method is used to analyze the mechanism of electrical interaction between water molecules and GO films in detail. At low humidity, GO films exhibit poor conductivity and can be seen as an insulator. However, at high humidity, the conductivity of GO films increases due to the enhancement of ion conduction. Our systematic research on this effect provides the fundamental supports for the development of graphene devices originating from solution-processed graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics, School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuquan Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
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