1
|
Hudson RJ, MacDonald TSC, Cole JH, Schmidt TW, Smith TA, McCamey DR. A framework for multiexcitonic logic. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y. [PMID: 38273177 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Exciton science sits at the intersection of chemical, optical and spin-based implementations of information processing, but using excitons to conduct logical operations remains relatively unexplored. Excitons encoding information could be read optically (photoexcitation-photoemission) or electrically (charge recombination-separation), travel through materials via exciton energy transfer, and interact with one another in stimuli-responsive molecular excitonic devices. Excitonic logic offers the potential to mediate electrical, optical and chemical information. Additionally, high-spin triplet and quintet (multi)excitons offer access to well defined spin states of relevance to magnetic field effects, classical spintronics and spin-based quantum information science. In this Roadmap, we propose a framework for developing excitonic computing based on singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Various molecular components capable of modulating SF/TTA for logical operations are suggested, including molecular photo-switching and multi-colour photoexcitation. We then outline a pathway for constructing excitonic logic devices, considering aspects of circuit assembly, logical operation synchronization, and exciton transport and amplification. Promising future directions and challenges are identified, and the potential for realizing excitonic computing in the near future is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Thomas S C MacDonald
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Dane R McCamey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, .
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Qu Y, Zhang M, Ren Y, Sun H, Li Y, Deng Y, Li S, Nie Y, Xiang H, Wu Y, Shi Y, Zeng H, Hao Y. A Bifunctional Optoelectronic Device for Photodetection and Photoluminescence Switching Based on Graphene/ZnTe/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21829-21837. [PMID: 37922194 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the dynamic processes, such as generation, separation, transport, and recombination, of photoexcited carriers in a semiconductor is foundational in the design of various devices for optoelectronic applications. One may imagine that if different processes can be manipulated in one single device and thus generate useful signals, a multifunctional device can be realized, and the toolbox for integrated optoelectronics will be expanded. Here, we revealed that in a graphene/ZnTe/graphene van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, the carriers can be generated by illumination from visible to infrared frequencies, and thus, the detected spectrum range extends to the communication band, well beyond the band gap of ZnTe (2.26 eV). More importantly, we are able to control the competition between separation and recombination of the photoexcited carriers by an electric bias along the thickness-defined channel of the ZnTe flake: as the bias increases, the photodetecting performance, e.g. response speed and photocurrent, are improved due to the efficient separation of carriers; synchronously, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreases and even switches off due to the suppressed recombination process. The ZnTe-based vdW heterostructure device thus integrates both photodetection and PL switching functions by manipulating the generation, separation, transport, and recombination of carriers, which may inspire the design of the next generation of miniaturized optoelectronic devices based on the vdW heterostructures made by various thin flakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhesheng Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qu
- The Sixth Element (Changzhou) Materials Technology Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Jiangnan Xiyuan Graphene Technology Co., LTD, Changzhou 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyang Xiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Physics, OSED, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu G, Zhang L, Li W, Shi X, Zou Z, Guo Q, Li X, Xu W, Jie J, Wang T, Du W, Xiong Q. Room-temperature high-speed electrical modulation of excitonic distribution in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6701. [PMID: 37872139 PMCID: PMC10593816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitons in monolayer semiconductors, benefitting from their large binding energies, hold great potential towards excitonic circuits bridging nano-electronics and photonics. However, achieving room-temperature ultrafast on-chip electrical modulation of excitonic distribution and flow in monolayer semiconductors is nontrivial. Here, utilizing lateral bias, we report high-speed electrical modulation of the excitonic distribution in a monolayer semiconductor junction at room temperature. The alternating charge trapping/detrapping at the two monolayer/electrode interfaces induces a non-uniform carrier distribution, leading to controlled in-plane spatial variations of excitonic populations, and mimicking a bias-driven excitonic flow. This modulation increases with the bias amplitude and eventually saturates, relating to the energetic distribution of trap density of states. The switching time of the modulation is down to 5 ns, enabling high-speed excitonic devices. Our findings reveal the trap-assisted exciton engineering in monolayer semiconductors and offer great opportunities for future two-dimensional excitonic devices and circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiuqi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Weigao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Wei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strain control of hybridization between dark and localized excitons in a 2D semiconductor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7691. [PMID: 36509779 PMCID: PMC9744834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain is a powerful tuning knob for excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole complexes dominating optical properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. While the strain response of bright free excitons is broadly understood, the behaviour of dark free excitons (long-lived excitations that generally do not couple to light due to spin and momentum conservation) or localized excitons related to defects remains mostly unexplored. Here, we study the strain behaviour of these fragile many-body states on pristine suspended WSe2 kept at cryogenic temperatures. We find that under the application of strain, dark and localized excitons in monolayer WSe2-a prototypical 2D semiconductor-are brought into energetic resonance, forming a new hybrid state that inherits the properties of the constituent species. The characteristics of the hybridized state, including an order-of-magnitude enhanced light/matter coupling, avoided-crossing energy shifts, and strain tunability of many-body interactions, are all supported by first-principles calculations. The hybridized excitons reported here may play a critical role in the operation of single quantum emitters based on WSe2. Furthermore, the techniques we developed may be used to fingerprint unidentified excitonic states.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye T, Li Y, Li J, Shen H, Ren J, Ning CZ, Li D. Nonvolatile electrical switching of optical and valleytronic properties of interlayer excitons. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:23. [PMID: 35075106 PMCID: PMC8786835 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived interlayer excitons (IXs) in van der Waals heterostructures (HSs) stacked by monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) carry valley-polarized information and thus could find promising applications in valleytronic devices. Current manipulation approaches for valley polarization of IXs are mainly limited in electrical field/doping, magnetic field or twist-angle engineering. Here, we demonstrate an electrochemical-doping method, which is efficient, in-situ and nonvolatile. We find the emission characteristics of IXs in WS2/WSe2 HSs exhibit a large excitonic/valley-polarized hysteresis upon cyclic-voltage sweeping, which is ascribed to the chemical-doping of O2/H2O redox couple trapped between WSe2 and substrate. Taking advantage of the large hysteresis, a nonvolatile valley-addressable memory is successfully demonstrated. The valley-polarized information can be non-volatilely switched by electrical gating with retention time exceeding 60 min. These findings open up an avenue for nonvolatile valley-addressable memory and could stimulate more investigations on valleytronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ye
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhi Shen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwen Ren
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, 100084, Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sozen Y, Yagmurcukardes M, Sahin H. Vibrational and optical identification of GeO 2 and GeO single layers: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21307-21315. [PMID: 34545385 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the identification of two hexagonal phases of germanium oxides (namely GeO2 and GeO) through the vibrational and optical properties is reported using density functional theory calculations. While structural optimizations show that single-layer GeO2 and GeO crystallize in 1T and buckled phases, phonon band dispersions reveal the dynamical stability of each structure. First-order off-resonant Raman spectral predictions demonstrate that each free-standing single-layer possesses characteristic peaks that are representative for the identification of the germanium oxide phase. On the other hand, electronic band dispersion analysis shows the insulating and large-gap semiconducting nature of single-layer GeO2 and GeO, respectively. Moreover, optical absorption, reflectance, and transmittance spectra obtained by means of G0W0-BSE calculations reveal the existence of tightly bound excitons in each phase, displaying strong optical absorption. Furthermore, the excitonic gaps are found to be at deep UV and visible portions of the spectrum, for GeO2 and GeO crystals, with energies of 6.24 and 3.10 eV, respectively. In addition, at the prominent excitonic resonances, single-layers display high reflectivity with a zero transmittance, which is another indication of the strong light-matter interaction inside the crystal medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sozen
- Department of Photonics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Yagmurcukardes
- Department of Photonics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Sahin
- Department of Photonics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|