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Hoang Ngoc Minh T, Rotenberg B, Marbach S. Ionic fluctuations in finite volumes: fractional noise and hyperuniformity. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:225-250. [PMID: 37565454 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Observing finite regions of a bigger system is a common aim, from microscopy to molecular simulations. In the latter especially, there is ongoing interest in predicting thermodynamic properties from tracking fluctuations in finite observation volumes. However, kinetic properties have received little attention, especially not in ionic solutions, where electrostatic interactions play a decisive role. Here, we probe ionic fluctuations in finite volumes with Brownian dynamics and build an analytical framework that reproduces our simulation results and is broadly applicable to other systems with pairwise interactions. Particle number and charge correlations exhibit a rich phenomenology with time, characterized by a diversity of timescales. The noise spectrum of both quantities decays as 1/f3/2, where f is the frequency. This signature of fractional noise shows the universality of 1/f3/2 scalings when observing diffusing particles in finite domains. The hyperuniform behaviour of charge fluctuations, namely that correlations scale with the area of the observation volume, is preserved in time. Correlations even become proportional to the box perimeter at sufficiently long times. Our results pave the way to understand fluctuations in more complex systems, from nanopores to single-particle electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thê Hoang Ngoc Minh
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Marbach
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, NY, 10012, USA.
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2
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Wit B, Gramse G, Müllegger S. Calibrated microwave reflectance in low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:103702. [PMID: 37796095 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We outline calibrated measurements of the microwave reflection coefficient from the tunnel junction of an ultra-high vacuum low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. The microwave circuit design is described in detail, including an interferometer for an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a demodulation scheme for lock-in detection. A quantitative, in situ procedure for impedance calibration based on the numerical three-error-term model is presented. Our procedure exploits the response of the microwave reflection signal due to the change of the tunneling conductance caused by sub-nm variation of the tunneling distance. Experimental calibration is achieved by a least-squares numerical fit of simultaneously measured conductance and microwave reflection retraction curves at finite conductance. Our method paves the way for nanoscale microscopy and spectroscopy of dielectric surface properties at GHz frequencies and cryogenic temperatures. This opens a promising pathway even for dielectric fingerprinting at the single molecule limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bareld Wit
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Georg Gramse
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Müllegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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3
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Li S, Coffinier Y, Lagadec C, Cleri F, Nishiguchi K, Fujiwara A, Kim SH, Clément N. Single-Cell Electrochemical Aptasensor Array. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2921-2926. [PMID: 37431846 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite several demonstrations of electrochemical devices with limits of detection (LOD) of 1 cell/mL, the implementation of single-cell bioelectrochemical sensor arrays has remained elusive due to the challenges of scaling up. In this study, we show that the recently introduced nanopillar array technology combined with redox-labeled aptamers targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is perfectly suited for such implementation. Combining nanopillar arrays with microwells determined for single cell trapping directly on the sensor surface, single target cells are successfully detected and analyzed. This first implementation of a single-cell electrochemical aptasensor array, based on Brownian-fluctuating redox species, opens new opportunities for large-scale implementation and statistical analysis of early cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincare, BP 60069, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex 59652, France
| | - Chann Lagadec
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Fabrizio Cleri
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincare, BP 60069, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex 59652, France
| | - Katsuhiko Nishiguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiwara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi 243-0198, Japan
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicolas Clément
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Grall S, Li S, Jalabert L, Kim SH, Chovin A, Demaille C, Clément N. Electrochemical Shot Noise of a Redox Monolayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:218001. [PMID: 37295112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.218001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Redox monolayers are the base for a wide variety of devices including high-frequency molecular diodes or biomolecular sensors. We introduce a formalism to describe the electrochemical shot noise of such a monolayer, confirmed experimentally at room temperature in liquid. The proposed method, carried out at equilibrium, avoids parasitic capacitance, increases the sensitivity, and allows us to obtain quantitative information such as the electronic coupling (or standard electron transfer rates), its dispersion, and the number of molecules. Unlike in solid-state physics, the homogeneity in energy levels and transfer rates in the monolayer yields a Lorentzian spectrum. This first step for shot noise studies in molecular electrochemical systems opens perspectives for quantum transport studies in a liquid environment at room temperature as well as highly sensitive measurements for bioelectrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grall
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shuo Li
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Arnaud Chovin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Clément
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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5
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Trasobares J, Martín-Romano JC, Khaliq MW, Ruiz-Gómez S, Foerster M, Niño MÁ, Pedraz P, Dappe YJ, de Ory MC, García-Pérez J, Acebrón M, Osorio MR, Magaz MT, Gomez A, Miranda R, Granados D. Hybrid molecular graphene transistor as an operando and optoelectronic platform. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1381. [PMID: 36914623 PMCID: PMC10011542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of reproducibility hampers molecular devices integration into large-scale circuits. Thus, incorporating operando characterization can facilitate the understanding of multiple features producing disparities in different devices. In this work, we report the realization of hybrid molecular graphene field effect transistors (m-GFETs) based on 11-(Ferrocenyl)undecanethiol (FcC11SH) micro self-assembled monolayers (μSAMs) and high-quality graphene (Gr) in a back-gated configuration. On the one hand, Gr enables redox electron transfer, avoids molecular degradation and permits operando spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular electrode decoration shifts the Gr Dirac point (VDP) to neutrality and generates a photocurrent in the Gr electron conduction regime. Benefitting from this heterogeneous response, the m-GFETs can implement optoelectronic AND/OR logic functions. Our approach represents a step forward in the field of molecular scale electronics with implications in sensing and computing based on sustainable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Trasobares
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain. .,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution (Biomathematics), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Muhammad Waqas Khaliq
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Niño
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | | | - Yannick J Dappe
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | | | | | - María Acebrón
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Alicia Gomez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France.,Dpto. de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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6
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High-frequency phenomena and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at nanoelectrodes. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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7
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Awadein M, Sparey M, Grall S, Kienberger F, Clement N, Gramse G. Nanoscale electrochemical charge transfer kinetics investigated by electrochemical scanning microwave microscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:659-667. [PMID: 36756524 PMCID: PMC9890956 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We show how microwave microscopy can be used to probe local charge transfer reactions with unprecedented sensitivity, visualizing surface reactions with only a few hundred molecules involved. While microwaves are too fast under classical conditions to interact and sense electrochemical processes, this is different at the nanoscale, where our heterodyne microwave sensing method allows for highly sensitive local cyclic voltammetry (LCV) and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS). LCV and LEIS allow for precise measurement of the localized charge transfer kinetics, as illustrated in this study for a ferrocene self-assembled monolayer immersed in an electrolyte. The theoretical analysis presented here enables a consistent mapping of the faradaic kinetics and the parasitic contributions (nonfaradaic) to be spectrally resolved and subtracted. In particular, this methodology reveals an undistorted assessment of accessible redox site density of states associated with faradaic capacitance, fractional surface coverage and electron transfer kinetics at the nanoscale. The developed methodology opens a new perspective on comprehending electrochemical reactivity at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Awadein
- Keysight Labs Austria, Keysight Technologies Linz 4020 Austria
| | - Maxwell Sparey
- Keysight Labs Austria, Keysight Technologies Linz 4020 Austria
| | - Simon Grall
- LIMMS/CNRS Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | | | - Nicolas Clement
- LIMMS/CNRS Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Georg Gramse
- Keysight Labs Austria, Keysight Technologies Linz 4020 Austria
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz 4020 Austria
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8
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Joseph CH, Luzi F, Azman SNA, Forcellese P, Pavoni E, Fabi G, Mencarelli D, Gentili S, Pierantoni L, Morini A, Simoncini M, Bellezze T, Corinaldesi V, Farina M. Nanoscale Characterization of Graphene Oxide-Based Epoxy Nanocomposite Using Inverted Scanning Microwave Microscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9608. [PMID: 36559977 PMCID: PMC9783995 DOI: 10.3390/s22249608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) is a novel metrological tool that advances the quantitative, nanometric, high-frequency, electrical characterization of a broad range of materials of technological importance. In this work, we report an inverted near-field scanning microwave microscopy (iSMM) investigation of a graphene oxide-based epoxy nanocomposite material at a nanoscopic level. The high-resolution spatial mapping of local conductance provides a quantitative analysis of the sample's electrical properties. In particular, the electrical conductivity in the order of ∼10-1 S/m as well as the mapping of the dielectric constant with a value of ∼4.7 ± 0.2 are reported and validated by the full-wave electromagnetic modeling of the tip-sample interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Joseph
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - S. N. Afifa Azman
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Pietro Forcellese
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pavoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fabi
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Mencarelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Gentili
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Morini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Simoncini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bellezze
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valeria Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Farina
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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