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Xuan S, Zhuo L, Li G, Zeng Q, Liu J, Yu J, Chen L, Yang Y, Liu S, Wang Y, Yin K. Micro/Nano Hierarchical Crater-Like Structure Surface With Mechanical Durability and Low-Adhesion for Anti-Icing/Deicing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404979. [PMID: 39177180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted significant attention for their ability to prevent ice formation and facilitate deicing without requiring external energy. However, these surfaces are often vulnerable to damage from external forces, leading to functional failure due to poor mechanical stability, which limits their widespread use. Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical groove of rose petals and the micropapillae of lotus leaves, a simple laser-based method is proposed to create a superhydrophobic surface with a micro/nano hierarchical crater-like structure (HCLS). To enhance the surface, boiling water treatment is applied to induce dense nanostructures, resulting in an optimal contact angle (CA) of 162° and a desirable sliding angle (SA) of 2.0°. The initial ice adhesion strength of HCLS is as low as 1.4 kPa and remains below 10 kPa even after 300 cm sandpaper abrasion. Furthermore, the HCLS demonstrates excellent mechanical durability, maintaining its performance under conditions that simulate the continuous impact of water and sand in extreme weather. This approach offers an innovative design concept that has the potential to advance the development of anti-icing and deicing surfaces for future aircraft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Xuan
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhuo
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zeng
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jiasong Liu
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Senyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/Deicing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang, 621000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, School of Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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2
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Yan W, Li T, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Lan X, Wu J. Thermomechanically Resilient Polyionic Elastomers with Enhanced Anti-Icing Performances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32693-32701. [PMID: 38873805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-icing gels inhibit ice formation and accretion; however, current iterations face prevalent drawbacks such as poor strength, weak substrate adhesion, and limited anti-icing properties. Herein, we propose a novel approach to address these challenges by developing a thermomechanical robust polyionic elastomer (PIE) with enhanced anti-icing properties. The PIE surface exhibits an icing delay time up to 5400 s and remains frost-free after exposure to -10 °C for 3.5 h, attributed to the inhibitory effect on ice formation by ions from ILs and the polyelectrolyte network. Moreover, the PIE exhibits remarkable anti-icing durability, with ice adhesion strengths below 35 kPa after undergoing 30 icing/deicing cycle tests at -20 °C. Following sandpaper abrasion (300 cycles), scratching, and heat treatment (100 °C, 16 h), the adhesion strength remains ca. 20 kPa, highlighting its resilience under various thermal and mechanical conditions. This exceptional durability is attributed to the low volatility of the IL and the robust ionic interactions within the PIE network. Furthermore, the PIE demonstrates favorable self-healing properties and strong substrate adhesion in both low-temperature and ambient environments, facilitated by the abundance of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces within PIE. This work presents an innovative approach to developing high-performance, durable, and robust anti-icing materials with potential implications across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Advanced Materials and Applied Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Advanced Materials and Applied Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Advanced Materials and Applied Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanwen Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xijian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Advanced Materials and Applied Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Luo G, Gao Z, Zhou C, Huang Y, Hu S, Hu Y, Zong C, Lei L, Li H. Well-Tailored Norbornene-Based Fluorinated Copolymers toward Modulating Icephobicity and Mechanical Robustness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11785-11794. [PMID: 38781461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Well-tailored construction of icephobic surfaces with mechanical robustness and investigation of the structure-property relationships at the molecular level are highly desirable. Herein, a series of norbornene-based fluorinated polyolefin copolymers (FPOR-x) with varying norbornenyl dodecafluoroheptyl ester (NDFHE) molar fractions (0-100 mol %) were well-designed and fabricated via living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) employing NDFHE and norbornenyl pentafluorophenyl ester (NPFPE) as the soft and hard segments, respectively. The mechanical and icephobic properties of the fluorinated copolymers can be regulated by adjusting the soft NDFHE contents. As a result, the well-designed norbornene-based copolymers exhibited a wide range of tunable mechanical properties, including tensile strength ranging from 0.2 to 26.4 MPa, elastic modulus ranging from 0.6 to 593.7 MPa, and breaking elongations ranging from 5718.7% to 3.7%, correlating with the proportion of soft NDFHE content. Furthermore, the synergistic interplay between soft and hard segments, particularly the hardness in the majority and softness in the minority or vice versa, could achieve a significant difference in the local modulus and enhance the propagations of cracks within the three-phase regions (soft regions/hard regions/ice), ultimately leading to a significant reduction in ice shear strength. Notably, FPOR-25% with a tensile strength of 12.0 MPa and an elastic modulus of 227.5 MPa exhibited a remarkably low ice shear strength of 57.7 kPa. This study not only highlights the relationship between the polymer molecular structure and surface icephobic properties but also breaks the limitations of icephobic surfaces with a low modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzeng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhilu Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yintan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shuangshuang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chuanyong Zong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lan Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Tian K, Chen C, Xiong L, Chen X, Fu Q, Deng H. Fast-Crosslinking Enabled Self-Roughed Polydimethylsiloxane Transparent Superhydrophobic Coating and Its Application in Anti-Liquid-Interference Electrothermal Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308051. [PMID: 38143293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based transparent and superhydrophobic coatings have important applications, such as anti-icing, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning, etc. However, their applications are limited by the inevitable introduction of nanoparticles/high-temperature/segmented PDMS to facilitate a raspy surface. In this study, a self-roughed, neat PDMS superhydrophobic coating with high transparency is developed via a one-step spray-coating technique. PDMS suspensions with various droplet sizes are synthesized and used as building blocks for raspy surface formation by controlled curing on the warm substrate. The optimal coating exhibits a large water contact angle of 155.4° and transparency (T550 = 82.3%). Meanwhile, the employed spray-coating technique is applicable to modify a plethora of substrates. For proof-of-concept demonstrations, the use of the PDMS hydrophobic coating for anti-liquid-interference electrothermal devices and further transparent observation window for long-term operation in a sub-zero environment is shown successful. The proposed facile synthesis method of hydrophobic PDMS coating is expected to have great potential for a broad range of applications in the large-scale fabrication of fluorine-free, eco-friendly superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lianhu Xiong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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5
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Kim S, Jeon H, Koo JM, Oh DX, Park J. Practical Applications of Self-Healing Polymers Beyond Mechanical and Electrical Recovery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302463. [PMID: 38361378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing polymeric materials, which can repair physical damage, offer promising prospects for protective applications across various industries. Although prolonged durability and resource conservation are key advantages, focusing solely on mechanical recovery may limit the market potential of these materials. The unique physical properties of self-healing polymers, such as interfacial reduction, seamless connection lines, temperature/pressure responses, and phase transitions, enable a multitude of innovative applications. In this perspective, the diverse applications of self-healing polymers beyond their traditional mechanical strength are emphasized and their potential in various sectors such as food packaging, damage-reporting, radiation shielding, acoustic conservation, biomedical monitoring, and tissue regeneration is explored. With regards to the commercialization challenges, including scalability, robustness, and performance degradation under extreme conditions, strategies to overcome these limitations and promote successful industrialization are discussed. Furthermore, the potential impacts of self-healing materials on future research directions, encompassing environmental sustainability, advanced computational techniques, integration with emerging technologies, and tailoring materials for specific applications are examined. This perspective aims to inspire interdisciplinary approaches and foster the adoption of self-healing materials in various real-life settings, ultimately contributing to the development of next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semin Kim
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kowalewska A, Majewska-Smolarek K. Synergistic Self-Healing Enhancement in Multifunctional Silicone Elastomers and Their Application in Smart Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:487. [PMID: 38399865 PMCID: PMC10892785 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Organosilicon polymers (silicones) are of enduring interest both as an established branch of polymer chemistry and as a segment of commercial products. Their unique properties were exploited in a wide range of everyday applications. However, current silicone trends in chemistry and materials engineering are focused on new smart applications, including stretchable electronics, wearable stress sensors, protective coatings, and soft robotics. Such applications require a fresh approach to methods for increasing the durability and mechanical strength of polysiloxanes, including crosslinked systems. The introduction of self-healing options to silicones has been recognized as a promising alternative in this field, but only carefully designed multifunctional systems operating with several different self-healing mechanisms can truly address the demands placed on such valuable materials. In this review, we summarized the progress of research efforts dedicated to the synthesis and applications of self-healing hybrid materials through multi-component systems that enable the design of functional silicon-based polymers for smart applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
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Li R, Tian S, Tian Y, Wang J, Xu S, Yang K, Yang J, Zhang L. An Extreme-Environment-Resistant Self-Healing Anti-Icing Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206075. [PMID: 36534911 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures and transportations inevitably suffer from surface injuries, especially in extreme weather events (e.g., freezing weather or acid rain). The coating surface damage can result in anti-icing performance loss or even icing promotion. The development of anti-icing coatings that enables self-healing in extreme conditions is highly desired but still challenging. Herein, an extreme-environment-resistant self-healing anti-icing coating is developed by integrating fluorinated graphene (FG) into a supramolecular polymeric matrix. The coating exhibits both anti-icing and deicing performance (ice nucleation temperature is ≈-30.3 °C; ice shear strength is ≈48.7 kPa), mainly attributable to the hydrophobic FG and silicone-based supramolecular material. Notably, owing to the crosslinking polymeric network with various dynamic bonds, this coating can sustain anti-icing/deicing performance after autonomous self-healing under harsh conditions including low temperature (-20 °C), strong acid (pH = 0), and strong alkali (pH = 14) environments. This coating paves the way to meet the anti-icing demand in open air, especially for the infrastructures in polar regions or acid/alkali environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Shu Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Yunqing Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 256606, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 301700, P. R. China
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Zan R, Li Y, Tao S, Li G, Wu R, Liu D, Peng D, Liu Y, Fei L. Spray-Coated Superhydrophobic Overlayer with Photothermal and Electrothermal Functionalities for All-Weather De/anti-icing Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13584-13593. [PMID: 36301846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-performance de/anti-icing overlayers which can be deposited on diverse surfaces offer great potential in many industrial settings and daily life, yet a versatile overlayer applicable to all-weather conditions (high humidity, low temperature, raining, snowing, etc.) is in high demand for practical applications. This study presents the fabrication and application of a superhydrophobic overlayer with a bioinspired hierarchical surface which additionally possesses photothermal and electrothermal functionalities, so it can operate as a de/anti-icing layer in extreme environments. The overlayer, with a papilla-like microstructure similar to that of a lotus leaf, features polydopamine-decorated layered basic zinc acetate microparticles distributed in the framework of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Specifically, the overlayer is superhydrophobic, and its capability of suppressing the condensation of water droplets and growth of ice crystals is verified by both in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy observations and freezing experiments. Moreover, the overlayer can be warmed up to 74 and 105 °C under the excitation of sunlight and direct current bias, respectively, which is sufficiently high for deicing in severe weather. It is worth mentioning that the overlayer is produced by a spray-coating technique; therefore, it is suitable for large-scale deployment on arbitrary substrate materials. The findings provide insights into a new strategy for engineering multifunctional overlayers and can lead to expanding applications of composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Zan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Shuqiang Tao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Guowei Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Dingjun Liu
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Donggen Peng
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
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