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Xie B, Liu Y, Lei Y, Qian H, Li Y, Yan W, Zhou C, Wen HM, Xia S, Mao P, Han M, Hu J. Innovative Thermocatalytic H 2 Sensor with Double-Sided Pd Nanocluster Films on an Ultrathin Mica Substrate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2529-2539. [PMID: 38723609 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is crucial in the future global energy landscape due to its eco-friendly properties, but its flammability requires precise monitoring. This study introduces an innovative thermocatalytic H2 sensor utilizing ultrathin mica sheets as substrates, coated on both sides with Pd nanocluster (NC) films. The ultrathin mica substrate ensures robustness and flexibility, enabling the sensor to withstand high temperatures and mechanical deformation. Additionally, it simplifies the fabrication process by eliminating the need for complex microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Constructed through cluster beam deposition, the sensor exhibits exceptional characteristics, including a wide concentration range (from 500 ppm to 4%), rapid response and recovery times (3.1 and 2.4 s for 1% H2), good selectivity, high stability, and repeatability. The operating temperature can be as low as 40 °C, achieving remarkably low power consumption. The study explores the impact of double-sided versus single-sided catalytic layers, revealing significantly higher sensitivity and response with the double-sided configuration due to the increased catalytic surface area. Additionally, the research investigates the relationship between the deposition amount of Pd NCs and the sensor's sensitivity, identifying an optimal value that maximizes performance without excessive use of Pd. The sensor's innovative design and excellent performance position it as a promising candidate for meeting the demands of a hydrogen-based energy economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yini Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingshuang Lei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Peng Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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Sun X, Yan B, Gong X, Xu Q, Guo Q, Shen H. Eight-Electron Copper Nanoclusters for Photothermal Conversion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400527. [PMID: 38470123 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Owing to distinct physicochemical properties in comparison to gold and silver counterparts, atomically precise copper nanoclusters are attracting embryonic interest in material science. The introduction of copper cluster nanomaterials in more interesting fields is currently urgent and desired. Reported in this work are novel copper nanoclusters of [XCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] (X=S or none, tBuSH=2-methyl-2-propanethiol), which exhibit high performance in photothermal conversion. The clusters have been prepared in one pot and characterized by combinatorial techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular structure of the clusters, as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD), shows the concentric three-shell Russian doll arrangement of X@Cu14@Cl12@Cu40. Interestingly, the [SCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] cluster contains 8 free valence electrons in its structure, making it the first eight-electron copper nanocluster stabilized by thiolates. More impressively, the clusters possess an effective photothermal conversion (temperature increases by 71 °C within ~50 s, λex=445 nm, 0.5 W cm-2) in a wide wavelength range (either blue or near-infrared). The photothermal conversion can be even driven under irradiation of simulated sunlight (3 sun), endowing the clusters with great potency in solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Sun
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xuekun Gong
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Xie B, Sun J, Zhang A, Qian H, Mao X, Li Y, Yan W, Zhou C, Wen HM, Xia S, Han M, Milani P, Mao P. Development of Pd/In 2O 3 hybrid nanoclusters to optimize ethanol vapor sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13364-13373. [PMID: 38639921 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesize palladium-decorated indium trioxide (Pd/In2O3) hybrid nanoclusters (NCs) using an advanced dual-target cluster beam deposition (CBD) method, a significant stride in developing high-performance ethanol sensors. The prepared Pd/In2O3 hybrid NCs exhibit exceptional sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to low concentrations of ethanol vapor, with a maximum response value of 101.2 at an optimal operating temperature of 260 °C for 6 at% Pd loading. The dynamic response of the Pd/In2O3-based sensor shows an increase in response with increasing ethanol vapor concentrations within the range of 50 to 1000 ppm. The limit of detection is as low as 24 ppb. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 28.24 ppm-1/2, with response and recovery times of 2.7 and 4.4 seconds, respectively, for 100 ppm ethanol vapor. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent repeatability and stability, with only a minor decrease in response observed over 30 days and notable selectivity for ethanol compared to other common volatile organic compounds. The study highlights the potential of Pd/In2O3 NCs as promising materials for ethanol gas sensors, leveraging the unique capabilities of CBD for controlled synthesis and the catalytic properties of Pd for enhanced gas-sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xibing Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Peng Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Wu W, Pavloudis T, Palmer RE. Core atoms escape from the shell: reverse segregation of Pb-Al core-shell nanoclusters via nanoscale melting. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:143. [PMID: 37975964 PMCID: PMC10656412 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Melting is a phase transition that profoundly affects the fabrication and diverse applications of metal nanoclusters. Core-shell clusters offer distinctive properties and thus opportunities compared with other classes of nano-alloys. Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate the melting behaviour of Pb-Al core-shell clusters containing a fixed Pb147 core and varying shell thickness. Our results show that the core and shell melt separately. Surprisingly, core melting always drives the core Pb atoms to break out the shell and coat the nanoclusters in a reversed segregation process at the nanoscale. The melting point of the core increases with the shell thickness to exceed that of the bare core cluster, but the thinnest shell always supresses the core melting point. These results can be a reference for the future fabrication, manipulation, and exploitation of the core-shell nanoalloys chosen. The system chosen is ideally suited for experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wu
- Nanomaterials Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Theodoros Pavloudis
- Nanomaterials Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
- School of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard E Palmer
- Nanomaterials Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
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Nugroho FAA, Bai P, Darmadi I, Castellanos GW, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C, Gómez Rivas J, Baldi A. Inverse designed plasmonic metasurface with parts per billion optical hydrogen detection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5737. [PMID: 36180437 PMCID: PMC9525276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic sensors rely on optical resonances in metal nanoparticles and are typically limited by their broad spectral features. This constraint is particularly taxing for optical hydrogen sensors, in which hydrogen is absorbed inside optically-lossy Pd nanostructures and for which state-of-the-art detection limits are only at the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. Here, we overcome this limitation by inversely designing a plasmonic metasurface based on a periodic array of Pd nanoparticles. Guided by a particle swarm optimization algorithm, we numerically identify and experimentally demonstrate a sensor with an optimal balance between a narrow spectral linewidth and a large field enhancement inside the nanoparticles, enabling a measured hydrogen detection limit of 250 parts-per-billion (ppb). Our work significantly improves current plasmonic hydrogen sensor capabilities and, in a broader context, highlights the power of inverse design of plasmonic metasurfaces for ultrasensitive optical (gas) detection. Plasmonic hydrogen sensors have limited sensitivity due to broad spectral features. Here, the authors use a particle swarm optimization algorithm to inversely design a plasmonic metasurface based on a periodic array of Pd nanoparticles, and demonstrate hydrogen detection limit of 250 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Physics, Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Ping Bai
- Department of Applied Physics and Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan Darmadi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W Castellanos
- Department of Applied Physics and Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department of Applied Physics and Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhuang R, Mu P, Wang J, Yan W. Advances in functional guest materials for resistive gas sensors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24614-24632. [PMID: 36128383 PMCID: PMC9426293 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistive gas sensors are considered promising candidates for gas detection, benefiting from their small size, ease of fabrication and operation convenience. The development history, performance index, device type and common host materials (metal oxide semiconductors, conductive polymers, carbon-based materials and transition metal dichalcogenides) of resistive gas sensors are firstly reviewed. This review systematically summarizes the functions, functional mechanisms, features and applications of seven kinds of guest materials (noble metals, metal heteroatoms, metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, transition metal dichalcogenides, polymers, and multiple guest materials) used for the modification and optimization of the host materials. The introduction of guest materials enables synergistic effects and complementary advantages, introduces catalytic sites, constructs heterojunctions, promotes charge transfer, improves carrier transport, or introduces protective/sieving/enrichment layers, thereby effectively improving the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of the gas sensors. The perspectives and challenges regarding the host-guest hybrid materials-based gas sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
- School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Weinan Normal University Chaoyang Street Weinan 714099 China
| | - Jingzhao Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Chambroad Chemical Industry Institute Co.,Ltd Boxing Economic Development Zone 256500 Shandong Province China
| | - Pengfei Mu
- Chambroad Chemical Industry Institute Co.,Ltd Boxing Economic Development Zone 256500 Shandong Province China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China
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Materials for Chemical Sensing: A Comprehensive Review on the Recent Advances and Outlook Using Ionic Liquids, Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and MOF-Based Composites. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure and monitor the concentration of specific chemical and/or gaseous species (i.e., “analytes”) is the main requirement in many fields, including industrial processes, medical applications, and workplace safety management. As a consequence, several kinds of sensors have been developed in the modern era according to some practical guidelines that regard the characteristics of the active (sensing) materials on which the sensor devices are based. These characteristics include the cost-effectiveness of the materials’ manufacturing, the sensitivity to analytes, the material stability, and the possibility of exploiting them for low-cost and portable devices. Consequently, many gas sensors employ well-defined transduction methods, the most popular being the oxidation (or reduction) of the analyte in an electrochemical reactor, optical techniques, and chemiresistive responses to gas adsorption. In recent years, many of the efforts devoted to improving these methods have been directed towards the use of certain classes of specific materials. In particular, ionic liquids have been employed as electrolytes of exceptional properties for the preparation of amperometric gas sensors, while metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are used as highly porous and reactive materials which can be employed, in pure form or as a component of MOF-based functional composites, as active materials of chemiresistive or optical sensors. Here, we report on the most recent developments relative to the use of these classes of materials in chemical sensing. We discuss the main features of these materials and the reasons why they are considered interesting in the field of chemical sensors. Subsequently, we review some of the technological and scientific results published in the span of the last six years that we consider among the most interesting and useful ones for expanding the awareness on future trends in chemical sensing. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of these materials and the factors involved in their possible use for new generations of sensor devices.
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