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Lelis GC, Fonseca WT, de Lima AH, Okazaki AK, Figueiredo EC, Riul A, Schleder GR, Samorì P, de Oliveira RF. Harnessing Small-Molecule Analyte Detection in Complex Media: Combining Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Electrolytic Transistors, and Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38134415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule analyte detection is key for improving quality of life, particularly in health monitoring through the early detection of diseases. However, detecting specific markers in complex multicomponent media using devices compatible with point-of-care (PoC) technologies is still a major challenge. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) based on 2D materials, and machine learning (ML) to detect hippuric acid (HA) in artificial urine, being a critical marker for toluene intoxication, parasitic infections, and kidney and bowel inflammation. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used as the sensory material and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as supramolecular receptors. Employing supervised ML techniques based on symbolic regression and compressive sensing enabled us to comprehensively analyze the EGT transfer curves, eliminating the need for arbitrary signal selection and allowing a multivariate analysis during HA detection. The resulting device displayed simultaneously low operating voltages (<0.5 V), rapid response times (≤10 s), operation across a wide range of HA concentrations (from 0.05 to 200 nmol L-1), and a low limit of detection (LoD) of 39 pmol L-1. Thanks to the ML multivariate analysis, we achieved a 2.5-fold increase in the device sensitivity (1.007 μA/nmol L-1) with respect to the human data analysis (0.388 μA/nmol L-1). Our method represents a major advance in PoC technologies, by enabling the accurate determination of small-molecule markers in complex media via the combination of ML analysis, supramolecular analyte recognition, and electrolytic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Coelho Lelis
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Wilson Tiago Fonseca
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Henrique de Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Anderson Kenji Okazaki
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Antonio Riul
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ravanhani Schleder
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Rafael Furlan de Oliveira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
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Sensi M, de Oliveira RF, Berto M, Palmieri M, Ruini E, Livio PA, Conti A, Pinti M, Salvarani C, Cossarizza A, Cabot JM, Ricart J, Casalini S, González-García MB, Fanjul-Bolado P, Bortolotti CA, Samorì P, Biscarini F. Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrolyte-Gated Transistor Immunosensor with Highly Selective Multiparametric Detection of Anti-Drug Antibodies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211352. [PMID: 37435994 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapies with biological drugs has revolutionized the treatment of cancers and auto-immune diseases. However, in some patients, the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) hampers the drug efficacy. The concentration of ADAs is typically in the range of 1-10 pm; hence their immunodetection is challenging. ADAs toward Infliximab (IFX), a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other auto-immune diseases, are focussed. An ambipolar electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT) immunosensor is reported based on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) channel and IFX bound to the gate electrode as the specific probe. The rGO-EGTs are easy to fabricate and exhibit low voltage operations (≤ 0.3 V), a robust response within 15 min, and ultra-high sensitivity (10 am limit of detection). A multiparametric analysis of the whole rGO-EGT transfer curves based on the type-I generalized extreme value distribution is proposed. It is demonstrated that it allows to selectively quantify ADAs also in the co-presence of its antagonist tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the natural circulating target of IFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sensi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Rafael Furlan de Oliveira
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcello Berto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Marina Palmieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Emilio Ruini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonio Livio
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Andrea Conti
- Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical, and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Joan M Cabot
- Leitat Technology Center, Innovació 2, Barcelona, 08225, Spain
| | - Jordi Ricart
- Leitat Technology Center, Innovació 2, Barcelona, 08225, Spain
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | - Pablo Fanjul-Bolado
- Metrohm DropSens, S.L. Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, C/Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán s/n, Oviedo, 33010, Spain
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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Ibrahim NFA, Sabani N, Johari S, Manaf AA, Wahab AA, Zakaria Z, Noor AM. A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Developments in Wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7670. [PMID: 36236769 PMCID: PMC9573257 DOI: 10.3390/s22197670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte's response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Sabani
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Shazlina Johari
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - Asnida Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnay Zakaria
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Sports Engineering Research Center, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Anas Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Center of Excellance Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
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