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Li Q, Zhan S, Yang X, Zhang Z, Sun N, Wang X, Kang J, Du R, Hong X, Yue M, Li X, Tang Y, Liu G, Liu Y, Liu D. Choline Phosphate-Grafted Nanozymes as Universal Extracellular Vesicle Probes for Bladder Cancer Detection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16113-16125. [PMID: 38857428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are regarded as highly promising liquid-biopsy biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC). However, detection of uEVs remains technically challenging owing to their huge heterogeneity and ultralow abundance in real samples. We herein present a choline phosphate-grafted platinum nanozyme (Pt@CP) that acts as a universal EV probe for the construction of a high-throughput and high-sensitivity immunoassay, which allowed multiplex profiling of uEV protein markers for BC detection. With the Pt@CP-based immunoassays, three uEV protein markers (MUC-1, CCDC25, and GLUT1) were identified for BC, by which the BC cases (n = 48), cystitis patients (n = 27), and healthy donors (n = 24) were discriminated with high clinical sensitivity and specificity (area under curve = 98.3%). For the BC cases (n = 9) after surgery, the Pt@CP-based immunoassay could report the postoperative residual tumor that cannot be observed by cystoscopy, which is clinically significant for assessing BC recurrence. This work provides generally high sensitivity for EV detection, facilitating the discovery and clinical use of EV-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Saisong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Minghao Yue
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Medical and Hygienic Materials Research Institute, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yujing Tang
- Medical and Hygienic Materials Research Institute, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Frontiers Science Centers for Cell Responses and New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Li Z, Guo K, Gao Z, Chen J, Ye Z, Cao M, Wang SE, Yin Y, Zhong W. Colocalization of protein and microRNA markers reveals unique extracellular vesicle subpopulations for early cancer detection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh8689. [PMID: 38416840 PMCID: PMC10901469 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication but are highly heterogeneous, and each vesicle has dimensions smaller than 200 nm with very limited amounts of cargos encapsulated. The technique of NanOstirBar (NOB)-EnabLed Single Particle Analysis (NOBEL-SPA) reported in the present work permits rapid inspection of single EV with high confidence by confocal fluorescence microscopy, thus enables colocalization assessment for selected protein and microRNA (miRNA) markers in the EVs produced by various cell lines, or present in clinical sera samples. EV subpopulations marked by the colocalization of unique protein and miRNA combinations were discovered to be able to detect early-stage (stage I or II) breast cancer (BC). NOBEL-SPA can be adapted to analyze other types of cargo molecules or other small submicron biological particles. Study of the sorting of specific cargos to heterogeneous vesicles under different physiological conditions can help discover distinct vesicle subpopulations valuable in clinical examination and therapeutics development and gain better understanding of their biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kaizhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Kozhevnikova D, Chernyshev V, Yashchenok A. Progress in Isolation and Molecular Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles via Bead-Assisted Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37504087 PMCID: PMC10377709 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being released by almost all cells of the body, sEVs present in complex bodily fluids form the so-called intercellular communication network. The isolation and profiling of individual fractions of sEVs secreted by pathological cells are significant in revealing their physiological functions and clinical importance. Traditional methods for isolation and purification of sEVs from bodily fluids are facing a number of challenges, such as low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs, which restrict their routine practical applications. Methods providing a high yield of sEVs with a low content of impurities are actively developing. Bead-assisted platforms are very effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. Here, we review recent advances in the enrichment of sEVs via bead-assisted platforms emphasizing the type of binding sEVs to the bead surface, sort of capture and target ligands and isolation performance. Further, we discuss integration-based technologies for the capture and detection of sEVs as well as future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kozhevnikova
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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Li Z, Guo K, Gao Z, Chen J, Ye Z, Wang SE, Yin Y, Zhong W. Colocalization of Protein and microRNA Markers Reveals Unique Extracellular Vesicle Sub-Populations for Early Cancer Detection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.536958. [PMID: 37131582 PMCID: PMC10153150 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.536958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication but they are highly heterogeneous, and each vesicle has dimensions smaller than 200 nm thus encapsulates very limited amounts of cargos. We report the technique of NanOstirBar (NOB)-EnabLed Single Particle Analysis (NOBEL-SPA) that utilizes NOBs, which are superparamagnetic nanorods easily handled by a magnet or a rotating magnetic field, to act as isolated "islands" for EV immobilization and cargo confinement. NOBEL-SPA permits rapid inspection of single EV with high confidence by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and can assess the colocalization of selected protein/microRNA (miRNA) pairs in the EVs produced by various cell lines or present in clinical sera samples. Specific EV sub-populations marked by the colocalization of unique protein and miRNA combinations have been revealed by the present work, which can differentiate the EVs by their cells or origin, as well as to detect early-stage breast cancer (BC). We believe NOBEL-SPA can be expanded to analyze the co-localization of other types of cargo molecules, and will be a powerful tool to study EV cargo loading and functions under different physiological conditions, and help discover distinct EV subgroups valuable in clinical examination and therapeutics development.
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