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Yu JF, Li J, Li M. An Intramolecular Rotor-Bridged Dimeric Cyanine Photothermal Transducer for Efficient Near-Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Mitochondria-Targeted Phototherapy. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3581-3593. [PMID: 38958530 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine (HCy) dyes are promising photothermal transducers for image-guided cancer treatment owing to their prominent photophysical properties and high photothermal conversion ability. However, HCy photothermal transducers usually have poor photostability due to degradation induced by the self-generated reactive oxygen species. Herein, a novel mitochondria-targeting dimeric HCy dye, named dimeric oBHCy, is rationally designed, exhibiting strong near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence emission, high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and excellent photostability. The large π-conjugation and drastic intramolecular motion of the diphenol rotor in the dimeric oBHCy enhance the nonradiative energy dissipation and suppress the intersystem crossing process, thereby achieving a high PCE (49.2%) and improved photostability. Impressively, dimeric oBHCy can precisely target mitochondria and induce mitochondrial damage upon NIR light irradiation. Under the guidance of in vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging, efficient NIR light-activated photothermal therapy of 4T1 breast tumors is accomplished with a tumor inhibitory rate of 96% following a single injection of the dimeric oBHCy. This work offers an innovative strategy for designing cyanine photothermal transducers with integrated NIR-II fluorescence and photothermal properties for efficient cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jialian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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Yu JF, Wen Y, Li M. An Active Self-Mitochondria-Targeting Cyanine Immunomodulator for Near-Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photodynamic Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401061. [PMID: 38849128 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy targeting mitochondria represents a promising therapeutic strategy for fighting diverse types of cancers. However, the currently available photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from insufficient therapeutic potency, limited mitochondria delivery efficiency, and the inability to treat invisible metastatic distal cancers. Herein, an active self-mitochondria-targeting heptapeptide cyanine (HCy) immunomodulator (I2HCy-QAP) is reported for near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic immunotherapy of primary and distal metastatic cancers. The I2HCy-QAP is designed by introducing a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton (QAP) into the iodinated HCy photosensitizer. The I2HCy-QAP can precisely target mitochondria due to the lipophilic cationic QAP unit, present strong NIR-II fluorescence tail emission, and effectively generate singlet oxygen 1O2 under NIR laser irradiation, thereby inducing mitochondria-targeted damages and eliciting strong systemic immunogenic cell death immune responses. The combination of the I2HCy-QAP-mediated photodynamic immunotherapy with anti-programmed death-1 antibody therapy achieves remarkable therapeutic efficacy against both primary and distal metastatic cancers with significant inhibition of lung metastasis in a triple-negative breast cancer model. This work provides a new concept for designing high-performance NIR emissive cyanine immunomodulators for NIR-II fluorescence-guided photodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yu Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
- Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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Ai S, Zhao P, Fang K, Cheng H, Cheng S, Liu Z, Wang C. Charge Conversional Biomimetic Nanosystem for Synergistic Photodynamic/Protein Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307193. [PMID: 38054765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome C (Cytc) has received considerable attention due to its ability to induce tumor apoptosis and generate oxygen to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency. However, the damage to normal tissues caused by nonspecific accumulation of Cytc limits its application. Herein, in order to reduce its toxicity to normal tissues while retaining its activity, a charge conversional biomimetic nanosystem (CA/Ce6@MSN-4T1) is proposed to improve the tumor targeting ability and realize controlled release of Cytc in the tumor microenvironment. This nanosystem is constructed by coating tumor cell membrane on mesoporous silica nanoparticles coloaded with a photosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6) and the citraconic anhydride conjugated Cytc (CA) for synergistic photodynamic/protein therapy. The coating of the tumor cell membrane endows the nanoparticles with homologous targeting ability to the same cancer cells as well as immune escaping capability. CA undergoes charge conversion in the acidic environment of the tumor to achieve a controlled release of Cytc. The released Cytc can relieve cellular hypoxia to improve the PDT efficiency of Ce6 and can induce programmed cell death. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CA/Ce6@MSN-4T1 can efficiently inhibit the growth of tumors through synergistic photodynamic/protein therapy, and meanwhile show reduced side effects on normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulun Ai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peisen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Fang
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Hemei Cheng
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Sixue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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Li Y, Zhou H, Zhao Z, Yan S, Chai Y. Mitoxantrone encapsulated photosensitizer nanomicelle as carrier-free theranostic nanomedicine for near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided chemo-photodynamic combination therapy on cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124025. [PMID: 38513816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Combination therapy exhibits higher efficacy than any single therapy, inspiring various nanocarrier-assisted multi-drug co-delivery systems for the combined treatment of cancer. However, most nanocarriers are inert and non-therapeutic and have potential side effects. Herein, an amphiphilic polymer composed of a hydrophobic photosensitizer and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) was employed as the nanocarriers and photosensitizers to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. The resulting nanodrug consisted solely of pharmacologically active ingredients, thus avoiding potential toxicity induced by inert excipients. This multifunctional nanoplatform demonstrated significantly superior treatment performance compared to monotherapy for colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, achieving near-infrared fluorescence imaging-mediated chemo-photodynamic combined eradication of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Yan
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yu B, Liu M, Jiang L, Xu C, Hu H, Huang T, Xu D, Wang N, Li Q, Tang BZ, Huang X, Zhang W. Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer-Engineered Anticancer Nanomedicine for Synergistic Chemo/Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303643. [PMID: 38115727 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers (PSs) is a promising therapeutic strategy to achieve better anticancer results. However, eradicating solid tumors completely by PDT alone can be difficult owing to the inherent drawbacks of this treatment, and the combination of PDT with other therapeutic modalities provides opportunities to achieve cooperative enhancement interactions among various treatments. Herein, this work presents the construction of a biocompatible nanocomposite, namely CaO2@DOX@ZIF@ASQ, featuring light-responsive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and tumor-targeting oxygen and hydrogen peroxide discharge, as well as controlled doxorubicin (DOX) and copper ion release, thus allowing the combined PDT/CT/CDT effect by AIE PS-enhanced PDT, DOX-based chemotherapy (CT), and copper-involved Fenton-like reaction-driven chemodynamic therapy (CDT). In vitro and in vivo studies verify that the generation of both ROS and O2 by this nanomedicine, stimulated by light, exhibits superior anticancer efficacy, alleviating tumor hypoxia and achieving synergistic PDT/CT/CDT therapeutic effect. This multifunctional nanomedicine remarkably suppresses the tumor growth with minimized systemic toxicity, providing a new strategy for constructing multimodal PDT/CT/CDT therapeutic systems to overcome hypoxia limitations, and potentially increase the antitumor efficacy at lower doses of PSs and chemotherapeutic drugs, thus minimizing potential toxicity to non-malignant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Huoli Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Tong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528499, P. R. China
| | - Dunwu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Qianying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
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Zhou YJ, Zhang J, Cao DX, Tang AN, Kong DM. Telomerase-activated Au@DNA nanomachine for targeted chemo-photodynamic synergistic therapy. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2268-2276. [PMID: 37974961 PMCID: PMC10650438 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We successfully designed a smart activatable nanomachine for cancer synergistic therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy can be activated by intracellular telomerase while anti-cancer drugs can be effectively transported into tumour cells. An Sgc8 aptamer was designed, which can specifically distinguish tumour cells from normal cells and perform targeted therapy. The nanomachine entered the tumour cells by recognising PTK7, which is overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Then, the "switch" of the system was opened by TP sequence extension under telomerase stimulus. So, the chemotherapeutic drug DOX was released to achieve the chemotherapy, and the Ce6 labelled Sgc8-apt was released to activate the PDT. It was found that if no telomerase existed, the Ce6 would always be in an "off" state and could not activate the PDT. Telomerase is the key to controlling the activation of the PDT, which effectively reduces the damage photosensitisers cause to normal cells. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments, the nanomachine shows an excellent performance in targeted synergistic therapy, which is expected to be utilised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - An-Na Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PR China
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Diao S, Liu Y, Guo Z, Xu Z, Shen J, Zhou W, Xie C, Fan Q. Prolonging Treatment Window of Photodynamic Therapy with Self-Amplified H 2 O 2 -Activated Photodynamic/Chemo Combination Therapeutic Nanomedicines. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301732. [PMID: 37548967 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to cancer therapy. However, the relatively short tumor retention time of photosensitizers (PSs) makes it difficult to catch the optimal treatment time and restricts multiple PDT within a single injection. In this study, a tumor-specific phototheranostic nanomedicine (DPPa NP) is developed for photodynamic/chemo combination therapy with a prolonged PDT treatment window. DPPa NP is prepared via encapsulating a hydrophobic oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA-SOH)-conjugatable PS DPPa with amphiphilic H2 O2 -activatable chlorambucil (CL) prodrug mPEG-TK-CL. The released CL under H2 O2 treatment can not only kill tumor cells but also upregulate reactive oxygen species levels within tumor cells, leading to the almost full release of cargoes. The released DPPa may conjugate with overexpressed BSA-SOH, which results in the recovery of the fluorescence signal and photodynamic effect. More importantly, such conjugation transfers DPPa from a small molecule PS into a macromolecular PS with a long tumor retention time and treatment window of PDT, which enables multiple PDT. This study thus provides an effective strategy to prolong the treatment window of PDT and enables tumor-specific fluorescence imaging-guided combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinlong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Fu D, Wang Y, Lin K, Huang L, Xu J, Wu H. Engineering of a GSH activatable photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy through disrupting redox homeostasis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22367-22374. [PMID: 37497090 PMCID: PMC10366568 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although disrupted redox homeostasis has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy, most existing photosensitizers are not able to simultaneously improve the reactive oxygen species level and reduce the glutathione (GSH) level. Therefore, designing photosensitizers that can achieve these two aspects of this goal is still urgent and challenging. In this work, an organic activatable near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, CyI-S-diCF3, is developed for GSH depletion-assisted enhanced photodynamic therapy. CyI-S-diCF3, composed of an iodinated heptamethine cyanine skeleton linked with a recognition unit of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol, can specifically react with GSH by nucleophilic substitution, resulting in intracellular GSH depletion and redox imbalance. Moreover, the activated photosensitizer can produce abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) under NIR light irradiation, further heightening the cellular oxidative stress. By this unique nature, CyI-S-diCF3 exhibits excellent toxicity to cancer cells, followed by inducing earlier apoptosis. Thus, our study may propose a new strategy to design an activatable photosensitizer for breaking the redox homeostasis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datian Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Liangjiu Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Jin Xu
- Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering School, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou 412006 China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou Hainan 570100 China
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Chen Z, Wang X, Zhao N, Chen H, Guo G. Advancements in pH-responsive nanocarriers: enhancing drug delivery for tumor therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1623-1642. [PMID: 38059646 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2292678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumors pose a significant global economic and health burden, with conventional cancer treatments lacking tumor specificity, leading to limited efficiency and undesirable side effects. Targeted tumor therapy is imminent. Tumor cells produce lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) by Warburg effect, forming an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), which can be employed to design targeted tumor therapy. Recently, progress in nanotechnology has led to the development of pH-responsive nanocarriers, which have gathered significant attention. Under acidic tumor conditions, they exhibit targeted accumulation within tumor sites and controlled release profiles of therapeutic reagents, enabling precise tumor therapy. AREAS COVERED This review comprehensively summarize the principles underlying pH-responsive features, discussing various types of pH-responsive nanocarriers, their advantages, and limitations. Innovative therapeutic drugs are also examined, followed by an exploration of recent advancements in applying various pH-responsive nanocarriers as delivery systems for enhanced tumor therapy. EXPERT OPINIONS pH-responsive nanocarriers have garnered significant attention for their capability to achieve targeted accumulation of therapeutic agents at tumor sites and controlled drug delivery profiles, ultimately increasing the efficiency of tumor eradication. It is anticipated that the employment of pH-responsive nanocarriers will elevate the effectiveness and safety of tumor therapy, contributing to improved overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyun Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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