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Wang Y, Qin Y, Wang F, Zhang H, Huangfu C, Shi Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Tian W, Feng L. The Synthesis of Functionalized Carbonized Polymer Dots via Reversible Assembly of Oligomers for Anti-Counterfeiting, Catalysis, and Gas storage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405043. [PMID: 39120542 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have shown exceptional potential across a wide range of applications. However, their practical utilization is significantly greatly impeded by the lack of precise control over their structures and functionalities. Consequently, the development of controlled synthesis strategies for CPDs with well-defined structures and tailored functionalities remains a critical challenge in the field. Here, the controlled synthesis of functional CPDs with reversible assembly properties via airflow-assisted melt polymerization, followed by a one-step post-synthetic doping strategy, is reported. This synthetic approach achieves high product yield, uniform and tunable structures, as well as customized functionalities including solid-state emission, enhanced catalytic performance (3.5-45 times higher than conventional methods), and selective gas storage in the resulting CPDs. The ability to tailor the properties of CPDs through controlled synthesis opens up new opportunities for their practical application in photocatalysis and gas storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yingxi Qin
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Fengya Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Changxin Huangfu
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yushu Shi
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xize Chen
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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2
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Li L, Liu D, Zhou J, Qi M, Yin G, Chen T. Visible-light-excited organic room temperature phosphorescence. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39234755 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have evoked considerable attention owing to their fantastic optical properties and broad application prospects. However, most of the reported organic RTP materials can be only excited by UV light, leading to accelerated photoaging of organic phosphors and severe lesions of organisms under excitation. In contrast to UV light, visible light (380-780 nm) has much lower phototoxicity, deeper penetrability and easier accessibility, which make visible-light-excited RTP materials more favorable for practical uses, especially for life-related applications. Although it remains greatly challenging to construct visible-light-excited RTP materials, impressive progress has been made with the rapid development of this field. Herein, we systematically outline the significant progress achieved in visible-light-excited RTP materials, including the design and construction strategies, unique properties, underlying mechanisms and their vital applications. In the final section, we highlight the current challenges and research perspectives for suggesting future studies of visible-light-excited RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Depeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Ren J, Opoku H, Tang S, Edman L, Wang J. Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405472. [PMID: 39023174 PMCID: PMC11425242 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Ren
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Henry Opoku
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Shi Tang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Ludvig Edman
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- LunaLEC ABUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
| | - Jia Wang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics Group, Department of PhysicsUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐90187Sweden
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Ma X, Zhang X, Gao M, Wang Y, Li G. Green Preparation of S, N Co-Doped Low-Dimensional C Nanoribbon/C Dot Composites and Their Optoelectronic Response Properties in the Visible and NIR Regions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4167. [PMID: 39274557 PMCID: PMC11395812 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The green production of nanocomposites holds great potential for the development of new materials. Graphene is an important class of carbon-based materials. Despite its high carrier mobility, it has low light absorption and is a zero-bandgap material. In order to tune the bandgap and improve the light absorption, S, N co-doped low-dimensional C/C nanocomposites with polymer and graphene oxide nanoribbons (the graphene oxide nanoribbons were prepared by open zipping of carbon nanotubes in a previous study) were synthesized by one-pot carbonization through dimensional-interface and phase-interface tailoring of nanocomposites in this paper. The resulting C/C nanocomposites were coated on untreated A4 printing paper and the optoelectronic properties were investigated. The results showed that the S, N co-doped C/C nanoribbon/carbon dot hybrid exhibited enhanced photocurrent signals of the typical 650, 808, 980, and 1064 nm light sources and rapid interfacial charge transfer compared to the N-doped counterpart. These results can be attributed to the introduction of lone electron pairs of S, N elements, resulting in more transition energy and the defect passivation of carbon materials. In addition, the nanocomposite also exhibited some electrical switching response to the applied strain. The photophysical and doping mechanisms are discussed. This study provides a facile and green chemical approach to prepare hybrid materials with external stimuli response and multifunctionality. It provides some valuable information for the design of C/C functional nanocomposites through dimensional-interface and phase-interface tailoring and the interdisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Ma
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Center of Advanced Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Center of Advanced Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Center of Advanced Functional Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang Li
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Minervini G, Panniello A, Dibenedetto CN, Madonia A, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Striccoli M. Exploring Carbon Dots: Green Nanomaterials for Unconventional Lasing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403653. [PMID: 39165080 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the progress toward lighting miniaturization is focused on luminescent nanomaterials. Among them, fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are receiving increasing attention thanks to their astonishing optical properties complemented by their intrinsic biocompatibility and low toxicity. The CDs can be easily dispersed in water, organic solvents or incorporated in polymeric matrices, preserving their emission properties. However, the relationship between their structural and optical properties is still not fully elucidated, motivating a consistent research effort for the comprehension of their features. Nevertheless, CDs demonstrate to be efficient gain materials for lasing, thanks to their high quantum yield (QY), emission tunability in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range, short lifetimes, and high absorption cross section, even if the synthetic reproducibility, the low reaction yield and the spectral width of the emission may limit their effective exploitation. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the investigation of the characteristic properties of CDs that make laser action possible, illustrating optical geometries for lasing and random lasing, both in solution and solid state, and the few currently demonstrated breakthroughs. While the journey toward their effective application is still long, the potential of CD-based laser sources is promising in various technological fields and futuristic perspectives will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Minervini
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF), CNR, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF), CNR, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Madonia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry "E. Segré", University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF), CNR, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Bari Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF), CNR, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Bari Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (IPCF), CNR, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Bari Research Unit, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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6
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Wu ZF, Wang BJ, Ni JW, Sun ZN, Zhang XR, Xiong HM. Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Critically Controlled Surface States: Make Silk Shine via Feeding Silkworms. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9675-9682. [PMID: 39058271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Feeding silkworms with functional materials as additives to produce naturally modified silk is a facile, diverse, controllable, and environmentally friendly method with a low cost of time and investment. Among various additives, carbon dots (CDs) show unique advantages due to their excellent biocompatibility and fluorescence stability. Here, a new type of green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) is synthesized with a high oil-water partition ratio of 147, a low isoelectric point of 5.16, an absolute quantum yield of 71%, and critically controlled surface states. After feeding with G-CDs, the silkworms weave light yellow cocoons whose green fluorescence is visible to the naked eye under UV light. The luminous silk is sewn onto the cloth to create striking patterns with beautiful fluorescence. Such G-CDs have no adverse effect on the survival rate and the life cycle of silkworms and enable their whole bodies to glow under UV light. Based on the strong fluorescence, chemical stability, and biological safety, G-CDs are found in the digestive tracts, silk glands, feces, cocoons, and even moth bodies. G-CDs accumulate in the posterior silk glands where fibroin protein is secreted, indicating its stronger combination with fibroin than sericin, which meets the requirements for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Juan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Nan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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7
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Zheng C, Tao S, Zhao X, Kang C, Yang B. Crosslink-Enhanced Emission-Dominated Design Strategy for Constructing Self-Protective Carbonized Polymer Dots With Near-Infrared Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408516. [PMID: 39110435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Self-protective carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with advantageous crosslinked nano-structures have attracted considerable attention in metal-free room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, whereas their RTP emissions are still limited to short wavelength. Expanding their RTP emissions to Near-Infrared (NIR) range is attractive but suffers from the difficulties in constructing narrow energy levels and inhibiting intense non-radiative decay. Herein, a crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE)-dominated construction strategy was proposed, achieving desired NIR RTP (710 nm) in self-protective CPDs for the first time. Structural factors, i.e., crosslinking (covalent-bond CEE), conjugation (conjugated amine with bridging N-H and C=C group), and steric hindrance (confined-domain CEE), were confirmed indispensable for triggering NIR RTP emission in CPDs. Contrast experiments and theoretical calculations further revealed the rationality of the design strategy originating from CEE in terms of promoting the narrow energy level emission of triplet excitons and inhibiting the non-radiative quenching. This work not only firstly achieves NIR RTP in self-protective CPDs but also helps understand the origin of NIR RTP to further guide the synthesis of diverse CPDs with efficient long-wavelength RTP emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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8
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Wu G, Qiu H, Du C, Zheng Z, Liu Q, Wang Z, Luo P, Shen Y. Intelligent onsite dual-modal assay based on oxidase-like fluorescence carbon dots-driven competitive effect for ethyl carbamate detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134707. [PMID: 38810578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Intelligent onsite accurate monitoring ethyl carbamate (EC, a group 2 A carcinogen) in environment is of great significance to safeguard environmental health and public safety. Herein, we reported an intelligent dual-modal point-of-care (POC) assay based on the bimetallic Mn and Ce co-doped oxidase-like fluorescence carbon dots (Ce&MnCDs) nanozyme-driven competitive effect. In brief, the oxidase-like activity of Ce&MnCDs was inhibited by thiocholine (TCh, originating from the hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to acetylthiocholine (ATCh)), preventing the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to 2,3-diaminophenothiazine (DAP). However, with the aid of Br2 + NaOH, EC inactivated AChE to prevent TCh generation for re-launching the oxidase-like activity of Ce&MnCDs to trigger the oxidation of OPD into DAP, thereby outputting an EC concentration-dependent ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric readouts by employing Ce&MnCDs and OPD as the optical signal reporters. Interestingly, these dual-modal optical signals could be transduced into the gray values that was linearly proportional to the residual levels of EC on a smartphone-based portable platform, with a detection limit down to 1.66 μg/mL, qualifying the requirements of analysis of EC residues in real samples. This opened up a new avenue for onsite assessment of the risk of residues of EC, safeguarding environmental health and public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Wu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huimin Qiu
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenxing Du
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Zifei Wang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Pengjie Luo
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Yizhong Shen
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Modern Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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9
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Wu H, Kang Y, Jiang S, Wang K, Qu L, Yang C. Hectogram-Scale Synthesis of Visible Light Excitable Room Temperature Phosphorescence Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402796. [PMID: 39092679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) based room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials can be prepared via facile procedures and exhibit excellent photostability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, doping of hetero-atoms into CDs can afford multiple triplet levels. The RTP emission generated from the resultant CDs always displays outstanding dynamic behaviors and even can be efficiently excited by visible light. Given this, CDs-based RTP materials not only can be used for anti-counterfeiting but also exhibit great application potential in signage and illumination fields. In this contribution, a type of B, N, and P co-doped CDs are prepared in hectogram scale. Upon excitation by UV lamp and white LED, the obtained CDs emit green and yellow RTP, respectively, the lifetime of which are 851 and 481 ms, respectively. It is found that the luminescence color of the CDs can be further tuned. By controlling the degree of carbonization, the RTP color of the CDs can be facilely tuned from green to orange-red. Based on an energy transfer strategy, the luminescence color can be further tuned to red. Benefited from the dynamic and visible-excited colorful RTP emission, the application of these obtained CDs in anti-counterfeiting, fingerprint collection, and luminescent traffic signage are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yuxuan Kang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shunnan Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Kaiti Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Lunjun Qu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chaolong Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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10
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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11
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Li P, Xue S, Sun L, Ma X, Liu W, An L, Liu Y, Qu D, Sun Z. Formation and Fluorescent Mechanism of Multiple Color Emissive Carbon Dots from o-Phenylenediamine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310563. [PMID: 38757918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received considerable attention in many application areas owing to their unique optical properties and potential applications; however, the fluorescent mechanism is an obstacle to their applications. Herein, three-color emissive CDs are prepared from single o-phenylenediamine (oPD) by regulating the ratio of ethanol and dimethylformamide (DMF). Fluorescent mechanism of these CDs is proposed as molecular state fluorescence. Reaction intermediates are identified using liquid chromatrography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. 1H-Benzo[d]imidazole (BI), 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP), and 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b] phenazine (DHQP) are proposed to be the fluorophores of blue, green, and red emissive CDs by comparing their optical properties. As per the LC-MS and 1H-NMR analysis, DHQP with red emission tends to form from DAP and oPD in pure ethanol. By adding DMF, BI formation is enhanced and DHQP formation is suppressed. The prepared CDs exhibit green emission with DAP. When the DMF amount is >50%, BI formation is considerably promoted, resulting in DAP formation being suppressed. BI with blue emission then turns into the fluorophore of CDs. This result provides us an improved understanding of the fluorescent mechanism of oPD-based CDs, which guides us in designing the structure and optical properties of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobao Ma
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Wenning Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Li An
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dan Qu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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12
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Meng X, Wang M, Lin J, Wang L, Liu J, Song Y, Jing Q, Zhao H. Intermediate aminophenol enables hectogram-scale synthesis of highly bright red carbon quantum dots under ambient conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9806-9813. [PMID: 38939133 PMCID: PMC11206295 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) have developed into potential nanomaterials for lighting, catalysis and bioimaging because of their excellent optical properties and good biocompatibility. However, it is still a challenge to produce efficient red emitting carbon quantum dots (R-C-dots) due to their obscure formation mechanism. This work offered a method to reveal the formation process from the precursor o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) to R-C-dots. Different from traditional hydrothermal reactions, R-C-dots were synthesized at relatively low temperature and ambient pressure. The pre-oxidation intermediate aminophenol played an important role in the synthesis of R-C-dots, which further cross-linked and polymerized with o-PDA in an acid environment to form R-C-dots. The obtained R-C-dots had a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 33.26% and excellent two-photon fluorescence properties. A white light-emitting diode (WLED) based on R-C-dots as the red phosphor exhibited standard white light CIE color coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) with a correlated color temperature of 5342 K and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 94.5. The obtained rendering index is the highest value among WLEDs with color coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) based on C-dots. This work provides a new perspective for the controllable large-scale synthesis of red C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Maorong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Jishuai Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
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13
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Zhang P, Zheng Y, Ren L, Li S, Feng M, Zhang Q, Qi R, Qin Z, Zhang J, Jiang L. The Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Glucose: The Effect of Natural Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:970. [PMID: 38869595 PMCID: PMC11174097 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of the fluorescence mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) has attracted significant attention, particularly the role of the oxygen-containing groups. Dual-CDs exhibiting blue and green emissions are synthesized from glucose via a simple ultrasonic treatment, and the oxidation degree of the CDs is softly modified through a slow natural oxidation approach, which is in stark contrast to that aggressively altering CDs' surface configurations through chemical oxidation methods. It is interesting to find that the intensity of the blue fluorescence gradually increases, eventually becoming the dominant emission after prolonging the oxidation periods, with the quantum yield (QY) of the CDs being enhanced from ~0.61% to ~4.26%. Combining the microstructure characterizations, optical measurements, and ultrafiltration experiments, we hypothesize that the blue emission could be ascribed to the surface states induced by the C-O and C=O groups, while the green luminescence may originate from the deep energy levels associated with the O-C=O groups. The distinct emission states and energy distributions could result in the blue and the green luminescence exhibiting distinct excitation and emission behaviors. Our findings could provide new insights into the fluorescence mechanism of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yibo Zheng
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Linjiao Ren
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shaojun Li
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ming Feng
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Qingfang Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Rubin Qi
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zirui Qin
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (M.F.); (Q.Z.); (R.Q.); (Z.Q.); (J.Z.)
| | - Liying Jiang
- School of Electronics and Information, Academy for Quantum Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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14
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K Algethami F, Abdelhamid HN. Heteroatoms-doped carbon dots as dual probes for heavy metal detection. Talanta 2024; 273:125893. [PMID: 38508123 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of l-cysteine in hydrothermal synthesis allows for the manufacture of carbon dots (CDs) that are doped with heteroatoms including oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (N, S, O-doped CDs). CDs have a particle size ranging from 1 to 3 nm, with an average particle size of 2.5 nm. N, S, and O-doped CDs display a blue fluorescence emission at a wavelength of 425 nm. It shows a reliance on the specific excitation wavelength between 320 and 500 nm. It has a selective quenching effect specifically with copper (Cu2+) ions when exposed to interactions with heavy metal ions, as compared to other metal ions. The assay has a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 μM and exhibits a linear correlation within the concentration range of 10-33.3 μM. The fluorescence mechanism was elucidated by employing various analytical techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM , UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and conductometry. An analysis of the data reveals that Cu2+ ions exhibit a strong attraction to the external surface of N, S, and O-doped CDs, leading to the formation of aggregates. N, S, and O-doped CDs can be also used as probes for electrochemical investigations utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to produce Nyquist and Bode plots. The electrochemical results offer substantiation for the interaction between Cu2+ ions and N, S, and O-doped CDs. Zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, i.e. CDs, can improve the detection of heavy metals using optical and electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71575, Egypt; Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
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15
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Wei Z, Dong X, Sun Y. Quercetin-derived red emission carbon dots: A multifunctional theranostic nano-agent against Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibrillogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 238:113907. [PMID: 38608464 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional agents with therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities are imperative to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered due to abnormal aggregation and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) as well as oxidative stress. Herein, quercetin (Que)- and p-phenylenediamine (p-PD)-derived red emission carbon dots (CDs) synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method were designed as a novel theranostic nano-agent for the multi-target treatment of AD. R-CD-75 with an optimized composition exhibited significant inhibition of Aβ aggregation and rapid depolymerization of mature Aβ fibrils (<4 h) at micromolar concentrations (2 and 5 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, R-CD-75 potently scavenged reactive oxygen species and showed turned-on red fluorescence imaging of Aβ plaques both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays proved that R-CD-75 significantly mitigated the Aβ-induced cytotoxicity and enhanced the cultured cell viability from 74.9 % to 98.0 %, while in vivo studies demonstrated that R-CD-75 prolonged the lifespan of AD nematodes by over 50 % (from 13 to 20 d). Compared to the precursors Que and p-PD, R-CD-75 inherited some of their structures and functional groups, such as aromatic structures, phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups, which were considered to interact with Aβ species through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking, thus contributing to its effectiveness in its theranostic functions. This research has opened a new avenue to the development of potent theranostic agents by designing novel carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Wei
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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16
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Li Z. Facile Synthesis of B/P Co-Doping Multicolor Emissive Carbon Dots Derived from Phenylenediamine Isomers and Their Application in Anticounterfeiting. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:813. [PMID: 38786770 PMCID: PMC11123944 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) possess a considerable number of beneficial features for latent applications in biotargeted drugs, electronic transistors, and encrypted information. The synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots has become a trend in contemporary research, especially in the field of controllable multicolor fluorescent carbon dots. In this study, an elementary one-step hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize the multicolor fluorescent carbon dots by co-doping unique phenylenediamine isomers (o-PD, m-PD, and p-PD) with B and P elements, which under 365 nm UV light exhibited signs of lavender-color, grass-color, and tangerine-color fluorescence, respectively. Further investigations reveal the distinctness in the polymerization, surface-specific functional groups, and graphite N content of the multicolor CDs, which may be the chief factor regarding the different optical behaviors of the multicolor CDs. This new work offers a route for the exploration of multicolor CDs using B/P co-doping and suggests great potential in the field of optical materials, important information encryption, and commercial anticounterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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17
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Zeng HH, Huang RX, Jiang MQ, Liu F, Shi WG, Chen L. Dual-mode sensing strategy based on carbon dots for sensitive and selective detection of molybdate ions. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:187. [PMID: 38453742 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Two kinds of carbon dots with the maximum fluorescence peak of 492 nm (named as G-CDs) and 607 nm (named as R-CDs) were synthesized. In the presence of MoO42- ions, the fluorescence of R-CDs at 607 nm can be quenched, which can probably be assigned to their aggregation caused by MoO42-, while that of G-CDs at 492 nm remained unchanged. For the first time, a ratiometric fluorescence probe was developed for MoO42- ions detection. In the range 0.25 ~ 100 μM, the fluorescence ratio (F492/F607) of the probe was linearly related to MoO42- concentration, and the detection limit was 61.5 nM, which fully meets the minimum detection requirements of MoO42- ions in drinking water. On the other hand, when MoO42- was introduced, a significant fading phenomenon of R-CDs can be observed with the naked eye; thereby, the colorimetric method can also be proposed. Based on above, the ratiometric fluorometric/colorimetric dual-mode sensing method was established for MoO42- anion quantification. Compared with the traditional analysis methods, the results obtained by multimodal sensing can be mutually verified, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability. The dual-mode assay proposed in this work provides an alternative scheme to meet the need of sensing target compounds in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China.
| | - Ren-Xiu Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Wei-Guo Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Ceramics, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, China
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18
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Kaur I, Batra V, Bogireddy NK, Baveja J, Kumar Y, Agarwal V. Chemical- and green-precursor-derived carbon dots for photocatalytic degradation of dyes. iScience 2024; 27:108920. [PMID: 38352227 PMCID: PMC10863327 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and untreated industrial effluents loaded with toxic and carcinogenic contaminants, especially dyes that discharge into environmental waters, have led to a rise in water pollution, with a substantial adverse impact on marine life and humankind. Photocatalytic techniques are one of the most successful methods that help in degradation and/or removal of such contaminants. In recent years, semiconductor quantum dots are being substituted by carbon dots (CDs) as photocatalysts, due to the ease of formation, cost-effectiveness, possible sustainability and scalability, much lower toxicity, and above all its high capacity to harvest sunlight (UV, visible, and near infrared) through electron transfer that enhances the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. A better understanding between the properties of the CDs and their role in photocatalytic degradation of dyes and contaminants is required for the formation of controllable structures and adjustable outcomes. The focus of this review is on CDs and its composites as photocatalysts obtained from different sustainable green as well as chemical precursors. Apart from the synthesis, characterization, and properties of the CDs, the study also highlights the effect of different parameters on the photocatalytic properties of CDs and their composites for catalytic dye degradation mechanisms in detail. Besides the present research development in the field, potential challenges and future perspectives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Kaur
- Department of Electronic Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Batra
- Department of Physics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Jasmina Baveja
- Invited Researcher at Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Y. Kumar
- Departamento de Fisico Matematica, UANL, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - V. Agarwal
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences (CIICAp-IICBA), Autonomous State University of Morelos (UAEM), Av. Univ. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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19
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Zhuang Y, Zhu L, Chen X, Chen J, Ye Z, Kang J, Wang X, Han Z. Synthesis of carbon dot based Schiff bases and selective anticancer activity in glioma cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1952-1961. [PMID: 38192314 PMCID: PMC10772990 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases have remarkable anticancer activity and are used for glioma therapy. However, the poor water solubility/dispersibility limits their therapeutic potential in biological systems. To address this issue, carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized to enhance the dispersibility in water and biological efficacy of Schiff bases. The amino groups on the surface of CDs were conjugated effectively with the aldehyde group of terephthalaldehyde to form novel CD-based Schiff bases (CDSBs). The results of the MTT assays demonstrate that CDSBs have significant anticancer activity in glioma GL261 cells and U251 cells, with IC50 values of 17.9 μg mL-1 and 14.9 μg mL-1, respectively. CDSBs have also been found to have good biocompatibility with normal glial cells. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GL261 glioma cells showed that CDSBs, at a concentration of 44 μg mL-1, resulted in approximately 13 times higher intracellular ROS production than in the control group. These experiments offer evidence that CDSBs induce mitochondrial damage, leading to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in GL261 cells. In particular, in this work, CDs serve not as carriers, but as an integral part of the anticancer drugs, which can expand the role of CDs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 PR China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 PR China
| | - Zhoujie Ye
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
| | - Jie Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 PR China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital Fuzhou 350011 Fujian PR China
| | - Zhizhong Han
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350122 PR China
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20
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Alafeef M, Srivastava I, Aditya T, Pan D. Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303937. [PMID: 37715112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
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21
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Xu W, Han Q, Ji C, Zeng F, Zhang X, Deng J, Shi C, Peng Z. Solid-State, Hectogram-Scale Preparation of Red Carbon Dots as Phosphor for Energy-Transfer-Induced High-Quality White LEDs with CRI of 97. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304123. [PMID: 37649215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pre-crystallization-controlled, solid-state preparation of red carbon dots (C-dots) from o-phenylenediamine on a hectogram scale with a 94% yield is reported. Highly efficient red phosphor (C-dots@MCC) is obtained by dispersing the C-dots in microcrystalline cellulose, which matched extremely well with the commercial Y3 Al5 O12 :Ce3+ (YAG) phosphor. White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) fabricated from the two phosphors emitted warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 3845 K, CIE color coordinates of (0.38, 0.37), and an extremely high color rendering index (CRI) of 95, outperforming all the reported YAG-derived WLEDs. Furthermore, the CRI value of the WLED can be further increased to 97 after fine-tuning, which is the highest CRI for WLEDs of any C-dots derived devices reported so far. The superior performance of the WLED is attributed to a delicate energy transfer between YAG and C-dots@MCC. Most importantly, the WLED maintained excellent stabilities under varied currents, working durations, moistures, and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- Electron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Qiurui Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Fanhao Zeng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xingshou Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jiwen Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Changsheng Shi
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Higher Education Institutions for Optoelectronics Device Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
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22
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Gan J, Chen L, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yu W, Huang C, Wu Y, Zhang K. Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Carbon Dots: Synthesis Processes, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304066. [PMID: 37537709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterial, have attracted widespread attention because of their numerous excellent properties. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable natural resource and possesses broad potential to manufacture different composite and smart materials. Numerous studies have explored the potential of using the components (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in lignocellulosic biomass to produce CDs. There are few papers systemically aiming in the review of the state-of-the-art works related to lignocellulosic biomass-derived CDs. In this review, the significant advances in synthesis processes, formation mechanisms, structural characteristics, optical properties, and applications of lignocellulosic biomass-based CDs such as cellulose-based CDs, hemicellulose-based CDs and lignin-based CDs in latest research are reviewed. In addition, future research directions on the improvement of the synthesis technology of CDs using lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials to enhance the properties of CDs are proposed. This review will serve as a road map for scientists engaged in research and exploring more applications of CDs in different science fields to achieve the highest material performance goals of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials and Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Wenji Yu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Liu Y, Liang F, Sun J, Sun R, Liu C, Deng C, Seidi F. Synthesis Strategies, Optical Mechanisms, and Applications of Dual-Emissive Carbon Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2869. [PMID: 37947715 PMCID: PMC10650469 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the optical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and figuring out the mechanisms underneath the emissive phenomena have been one of the most cutting-edge topics in the development of carbon-based nanomaterials. Dual-emissive CDs possess the intrinsic dual-emission character upon single-wavelength excitation, which significantly benefits their multi-purpose applications. Explosive exploitations of dual-emissive CDs have been reported during the past five years. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic summary of the rising star nanomaterial. In this review, we summarize the synthesis strategies and optical mechanisms of the dual-emissive CDs. The applications in the areas of biosensing, bioimaging, as well as photoelectronic devices are also outlined. The last section presents the main challenges and perspectives in further promoting the development of dual-emissive CDs. By covering the most vital publications, we anticipate that the review is of referential significance for researchers in the synthesis, characterization, and application of dual-emissive CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (F.L.); (J.S.); (R.S.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (F.S.)
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24
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Meng X, Song Y, Jing Q, Zhao H. Self-Precipitation of Highly Purified Red Emitting Carbon Dots as Red Phosphors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9176-9182. [PMID: 37797292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal carbon dots (C-dots) have attracted a great deal of attention for their unique optical properties. However, it is still a challenge to obtain highly purified C-dots without using multiple-step purification or postsize selection. In this work, a self-precipitation hydrothermal reaction was used to synthesize red-emitting C-dots (R-C-dots) using o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) as a precursor without using any catalyst. The R-C-dots are able to precipitate on the wall of the reactor, which enables us to obtain solid-state C-dots with high purity. The R-C-dots have a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of as high as 36.75%, which is among the highest PLQY values reported previously for R-C-dots without using catalysts. The transient PL and transient absorption spectra revealed that 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b]phenazine linked on the surface of the C-dots determined the red luminescence behavior. This work provides a new path for the controllable synthesis of high-purity R-C-dots, showing potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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25
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Zhang H, Guo X, Jian K, Fu L, Zhao X. Rapid Preparation of Long-Wavelength Emissive Carbon Dots for Information Encryption Using the Microwave-Assisted Method. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13847-13856. [PMID: 37583357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of long-wavelength emission fluorescent carbon dots is not common, and it is even more difficult to quickly synthesize within 10 min. In this experiment, yellow, orange, and red B, N codoped fluorescent carbon dots were successfully synthesized using a microwave-assisted method with o-phenylenediamine as the carbon-nitrogen source, boric acid as the boron source, and potassium chloride as the catalyst in just 7 min. Based on the different contents of B, N element doping, there are differences in their surface structures, resulting in differences in the luminescence properties of the synthesized carbon dots. Long-wavelength carbon dots can avoid interference from the blue fluorescence of filter papers and have a clearer display in information encryption. Therefore, three types of carbon dots were mixed with PVP to produce fluorescent inks, and anticounterfeiting and encryption patterns were designed on the filter paper, displaying different fluorescence information under sunlight and UV light. In addition, the rich fluorescent colors were combined ingeniously to enable secondary encryption of information in the form of binary codes that increase the difficulty of decoding. These indicate that the three synthesized long-wavelength carbon dots have good application prospects in information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiangjun Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ke Jian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liming Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xihui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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26
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Ma X, Gao M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li G. Polymer-Derived Carbon Nanofiber and Its Photocurrent-Switching Responses of Carbon Nanofiber/Cu Nanocomposite in Wide Ranges of Excited Light Wavelength. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3528. [PMID: 37688154 PMCID: PMC10489919 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformation into electric or photoelectric functional composite from non-conjugated polymers is a great challenge due to the presence of a large number of locative states. In this paper, carbon nanofiber was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose as a precursor, and the carbon nanofiber/Cu nanocomposite was constructed for defect passivation. The results indicated that the resulting nanocomposites exhibited good absorbance in visible light range and NIR (near-infrared). The photoconductive responses to typical weak visible light (650 nm et al.) and NIR (808, 980, and 1064 nm) were studied based on Au gap electrodes on flexible polymer substrates. The results exhibited that the nanocomposite's solid thick film showed photocurrent-switching behaviors to visible light and NIR, the switch-ratio was depending on the wavelengths and power of incident lights. The positive and negative photoconductance responses phenomenon was observed in different compositions and changing excited wavelengths. Their photophysical mechanisms were discussed. This illustrated that the nanocomposites easily produce free electrons and holes via low power of incident light. Free electrons and holes could be utilized for different purposes in multi-disciplinary fields. It would be a potential application in broadband flexible photodetectors, artificial vision, simulating retina, and bio-imaging from visible light to NIR. This is a low-cost and green approach to obtain nanocomposite exhibiting good photocurrent response from the visible range to NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Ma
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Center of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Guang Li
- National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (Y.W.); (G.L.)
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27
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Kang J, Ai Q, Zhao A, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Neurotoxicological mechanisms of carbon quantum dots in a new animal model Dugesia japonica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:711-719. [PMID: 37386302 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As luminescent nanomaterials, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) research focused on emerging applications since their discovery. However, their toxicological effects on the natural environment are still unclear. The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is distributed extensively in aquatic ecosystems and can regenerate a new brain in 5 days after amputation. Therefore it can be used as a new model organism in the field of neuroregeneration toxicology. In our study, D. japonica was cut and incubated in medium treated with CQDs. The results showed that the injured planarian lost the neuronal ability of brain regeneration after treatment with CQDs. Its Hh signalling system was interfered with at Day 5, and all cultured pieces died on or before Day 10 due to head lysis. Our work reveals that CQDs might affect the nerve regeneration of freshwater planarians via the Hh signalling pathway. The results of this study improve our understanding of CQD neuronal development toxicology and can aid in the development of warning systems for aquatic ecosystem damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Qing Ai
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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28
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Li P, Xu J, Shen Z, Liu W, An L, Qu D, Wang X, Sun Z. Synthesis of Multiple Emission Carbon Dots from Dihydroxybenzoic Acid via Decarboxylation Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2062. [PMID: 37513073 PMCID: PMC10383124 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial with desirable optical properties, exhibit great potential for many application fields. However, the preparation technique of multiple emission CDs with high yield is difficult and complex. Therefore, exploring the large-scale and straightforward synthesis of multicolor CDs from a simple carbon source is necessary. In this work, the solvent-free method prepares a series of multicolor emission CDs from dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). The maximum emission wavelengths are 408, 445, 553, 580, and 610 nm, respectively, covering the visible light region. The 2,4- and 2,6-CDs possess the longer emission wavelength caused by the 2,4-, and 2,6-DHBA easily undergo decarboxylation to form the larger sp2 domain graphitized structure. These CDs incorporated with g-C3N4 can significantly improve the photocatalytic water-splitting hydrogen production rate by extending the visible light absorption and enhancing the charge separation efficiency. The long-wavelength emission CDs can further enhance photocatalytic activity primarily by improving visible light absorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jijian Xu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ziye Shen
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenning Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Li An
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Beijing 100124, China
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