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Guo Y, Wang S, Zhang H, Guo H, He M, Ruan K, Yu Z, Wang GS, Qiu H, Gu J. Consistent Thermal Conductivities of Spring-Like Structured Polydimethylsiloxane Composites under Large Deformation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404648. [PMID: 38970529 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and highly thermally conductive materials with consistent thermal conductivity (λ) during large deformation are urgently required to address the heat accumulation in flexible electronics. In this study, spring-like thermal conduction pathways of silver nanowire (S-AgNW) fabricated by 3D printing are compounded with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare S-AgNW/PDMS composites with excellent and consistent λ during deformation. The S-AgNW/PDMS composites exhibit a λ of 7.63 W m-1 K-1 at an AgNW amount of 20 vol%, which is ≈42 times that of PDMS (0.18 W m-1 K-1) and higher than that of AgNW/PDMS composites with the same amount and random dispersion of AgNW (R-AgNW/PDMS) (5.37 W m-1 K-1). Variations in the λ of 20 vol% S-AgNW/PDMS composites are less than 2% under a deformation of 200% elongation, 50% compression, or 180° bending, which benefits from the large deformation characteristics of S-AgNW. The heat-transfer coefficient (0.29 W cm-2 K-1) of 20 vol% S-AgNW/PDMS composites is ≈1.3 times that of the 20 vol% R-AgNW/PDMS composites, which reduces the temperature of a full-stressed central processing unit by 6.8 °C compared to that using the 20 vol% R-AgNW/PDMS composites as a thermally conductive material in the central processing unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - MuKun He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ruan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Sheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Qin J, Das P, Wang S, Bai T, Zhou F, Wu M, Wu ZS. Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Additive-Free Inks for 3D Printing Customizable Monolithic Integrated Micro-Supercapacitors on a Large Scale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313930. [PMID: 38325888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology with enhanced fidelity can achieve multiple functionalities and boost electrochemical performance of customizable planar micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), however, precise structural control of additive-free graphene-based macro-assembly electrode for monolithic integrated MSCs (MIMSCs) remains challenging. Here, the large-scale 3D printing fabrication of customizable planar MIMSCs is reported utilizing additive-free, high-quality electrochemically exfoliated graphene inks, which is not required the conventional cryogenic assistance during the printing process and any post-processing reduction. The resulting MSCs reveal an extremely small engineering footprint of 0.025 cm2, exceptionally high areal capacitance of 4900 mF cm-2, volumetric capacitance of 195.6 F cm-3, areal energy density of 2.1 mWh cm-2, and unprecedented volumetric energy density of 23 mWh cm-3 for a single cell, surpassing most previously reported 3D printed MSCs. The 3D printed MIMSC pack is further demonstrated, with the maximum areal cell count density of 16 cell cm-2, the highest output voltage of 192.5 V and the largest output voltage per unit area of 56 V cm-2 up to date are achieved. This work presents an innovative solution for processing high-performance additive-free graphene ink and realizing the large-scale production of 3D printed MIMSCs for planar energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jieqiong Qin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pratteek Das
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tiesheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
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Roth WJ, Opanasenko M, Mazur M, Gil B, Čejka J, Sasaki T. Current State and Perspectives of Exfoliated Zeolites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307341. [PMID: 37800413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are highly efficient industrial catalysts and sorbents with microporous framework structures. Approximately 10% of the frameworks, but eventually all in the long run, have produced both 3D crystals and 2D layers. The latter can be intercalated and expanded like all 2D materials but proved difficult to exfoliate directly into suspensions of monolayers in solution as precursors for unique synthetic opportunities. Successful exfoliations have been reported recently and are overviewed in this perspective article. The discussion highlights 3 primary challenges in this field, namely finding suitable 2D zeolite preparations that exfoliate directly in high yield, proving uniform layer thickness in solution and identifying applications to exploit the unique synthetic capabilities and properties of exfoliated zeolite monolayers. Four zeolites have been confirmed to exfoliate directly into monolayers: 3 with known structures-MWW, MFI, and RWR and one unknown, bifer with a unit cell close to ferrierite. The exfoliation into monolayers is confirmed by the combination of 5-6 characterization techniques including AFM, in situ and in-plane XRD, and microscopies. The promising areas of development are oriented films and membranes, intimately mixed zeolite phases, and hierarchical nanoscale composites with other active species like nanoparticles and clusters that are unfeasible by solid state processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw J Roth
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mazur
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Gil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Takayoshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Wu Y, An C, Guo Y. 3D Printed Graphene and Graphene/Polymer Composites for Multifunctional Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5681. [PMID: 37629973 PMCID: PMC10456874 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, alternatively known as additive manufacturing, is a transformative technology enabling precise, customized, and efficient manufacturing of components with complex structures. It revolutionizes traditional processes, allowing rapid prototyping, cost-effective production, and intricate designs. The 3D printed graphene-based materials combine graphene's exceptional properties with additive manufacturing's versatility, offering precise control over intricate structures with enhanced functionalities. To gain comprehensive insights into the development of 3D printed graphene and graphene/polymer composites, this review delves into their intricate fabrication methods, unique structural attributes, and multifaceted applications across various domains. Recent advances in printable materials, apparatus characteristics, and printed structures of typical 3D printing techniques for graphene and graphene/polymer composites are addressed, including extrusion methods (direct ink writing and fused deposition modeling), photopolymerization strategies (stereolithography and digital light processing) and powder-based techniques. Multifunctional applications in energy storage, physical sensor, stretchable conductor, electromagnetic interference shielding and wave absorption, as well as bio-applications are highlighted. Despite significant advancements in 3D printed graphene and its polymer composites, innovative studies are still necessary to fully unlock their inherent capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30th Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (C.A.); (Y.G.)
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Wang Z, Song Q, Wu H, Feng B, Li Y, Bu L. Synchronized 3D Printing and Corona Charging for One-Step Prototyping of Polarized Polylactic Acid Electrets. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112520. [PMID: 37299317 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is advantageous in the fast prototyping of complex structures, but its utilization in functional material fabrication is still limited due to a lack of activation capability. To fabricate and activate the functional material of electrets, a synchronized 3D printing and corona charging method is presented to prototype and polarize polylactic acid electrets in one step. By upgrading the 3D printer nozzle and incorporating a needle electrode to apply high voltage, parameters such as needle tip distance and applied voltage level were compared and optimized. Under different experimental conditions, the average surface distribution in the center of the samples was -1498.87 V, -1115.73 V, and -814.51 V. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the electric field contributes to keeping the printed fiber structure straight. The polylactic acid electrets exhibited relatively uniform surface potential distribution on a sufficiently large sample surface. In addition, the average surface potential retention rate was improved by 12.021-fold compared to ordinary corona-charged samples. The above advantages are unique to the 3D-printed and polarized polylactic acid electrets, proving that the proposed method is suitable for quickly prototyping and effectively polarizing the polylactic acid electrets simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huarui Wu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baolong Feng
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yeyuan Li
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling Bu
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposites via 3D and 4D Printing—Design and Technical Potential. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene is an important nanocarbon nanofiller for polymeric matrices. The polymer–graphene nanocomposites, obtained through facile fabrication methods, possess significant electrical–thermal–mechanical and physical properties for technical purposes. To overcome challenges of polymer–graphene nanocomposite processing and high performance, advanced fabrication strategies have been applied to design the next-generation materials–devices. This revolutionary review basically offers a fundamental sketch of graphene, polymer–graphene nanocomposite and three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing techniques. The main focus of the article is to portray the impact of 3D and 4D printing techniques in the field of polymer–graphene nanocomposites. Polymeric matrices, such as polyamide, polycaprolactone, polyethylene, poly(lactic acid), etc. with graphene, have been processed using 3D or 4D printing technologies. The 3D and 4D printing employ various cutting-edge processes and offer engineering opportunities to meet the manufacturing demands of the nanomaterials. The 3D printing methods used for graphene nanocomposites include direct ink writing, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, fused deposition modeling and other approaches. Thermally stable poly(lactic acid)–graphene oxide nanocomposites have been processed using a direct ink printing technique. The 3D-printed poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphene have been printed using stereolithography and additive manufacturing techniques. The printed poly(methyl methacrylate)–graphene nanocomposites revealed enhanced morphological, mechanical and biological properties. The polyethylene–graphene nanocomposites processed by fused diffusion modeling have superior thermal conductivity, strength, modulus and radiation- shielding features. The poly(lactic acid)–graphene nanocomposites have been processed using a number of 3D printing approaches, including fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, etc., resulting in unique honeycomb morphology, high surface temperature, surface resistivity, glass transition temperature and linear thermal coefficient. The 4D printing has been applied on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, poly(lactic acid) and thermosetting matrices with graphene nanofiller. Stereolithography-based 4D-printed polymer–graphene nanomaterials have revealed complex shape-changing nanostructures having high resolution. These materials have high temperature stability and high performance for technical applications. Consequently, the 3D- or 4D-printed polymer–graphene nanocomposites revealed technical applications in high temperature relevance, photovoltaics, sensing, energy storage and other technical fields. In short, this paper has reviewed the background of 3D and 4D printing, graphene-based nanocomposite fabrication using 3D–4D printing, development in printing technologies and applications of 3D–4D printing.
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