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Li D, Li Q, Zhang Q, Yang R, Ye Q, Tian D, Jiang D. Integrating bimetallic borides with g-C 3N 4 containing cyanamide defects for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:631-641. [PMID: 38865877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable generation of ammonia by photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under mild conditions is fascinating compared to conventional industrial processes. Nevertheless, owing to the low charge transfer efficiency, the insufficient light absorption capacity and limited active sites of the photocatalyst cause the difficult adsorption and activation of N2 molecules, thereby resulting in a low photocatalytic conversion efficiency. Herein, a novel bimetallic CoMoB nanosheets (CoMoB) co-catalyst modified carbon nitride with dual moiety defects (CN-TH3/3) Schottky junction photocatalyst is designed for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction rate of the optimized CoMoB/CN-TH3/3 photocatalyst is 4.81 mM·g-1·h-1, which is 6.2 and 2.2 times higher than carbon nitride (CN) (0.78 mM·g-1·h-1) and CN-TH3/3 (2.21 mM·g-1·h-1), respectively. The excellent photocatalytic NRR performance is ascribed not only to the introduction of dual moiety defects (cyano and cyanamide groups) that extends the visible light absorption range and promotes exciton polarization dissociation, but also to the formation of interfacial electric field between CoMoB and CN-TH3/3, which effectively facilitates the interfacial charge transfer. Thus, the synergistic interaction between CN-TH3/3 and CoMoB further increases the electron numble of CoMoB active sites, which effectively strengthens the adsorption and activation of N2 and weakens the NN triple bond, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic NRR activity. This work highlights the introduced dual moiety defects and bimetallic CoMoB co-catalyst to synergistically enhance the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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2
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Yan Y, Meng Q, Tian L, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Engineering of g-C 3N 4 for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8842. [PMID: 39201528 PMCID: PMC11354686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have garnered significant interest as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen generation under visible light, to address energy and environmental challenges owing to their favorable electronic structure, affordability, and stability. In spite of that, issues such as high charge carrier recombination rates and low quantum efficiency impede its broader application. To overcome these limitations, structural and morphological modification of the g-C3N4-based photocatalysts is a novel frontline to improve the photocatalytic performance. Therefore, we briefly summarize the current preparation methods of g-C3N4. Importantly, this review highlights recent advancements in crafting high-performance g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, focusing on strategies like elemental doping, nanostructure design, bandgap engineering, and heterostructure construction. Notably, sophisticated doping techniques have propelled hydrogen production rates to a 104-fold increase. Ingenious nanostructure designs have expanded the surface area by a factor of 26, concurrently extending the fluorescence lifetime of charge carriers by 50%. Moreover, the strategic assembly of heterojunctions has not only elevated charge carrier separation efficiency but also preserved formidable redox properties, culminating in a dramatic hundredfold surge in hydrogen generation performance. This work provides a reliable and brief overview of the controlled modification engineering of g-C3N4-based photocatalyst systems, paving the way for more efficient hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qing Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Long Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.M.); (L.T.); (Y.C.)
- Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528399, China
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3
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Yang Z, Yang X, Zhang W, Wang D. Asymmetrically Coordinated Mn-S 1N 3 Configuration Induces Localized Electric Field-Driven Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Remarkably Efficient Generation of 1O 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311642. [PMID: 38497490 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) species generated in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes offer opportunities to overcome the low efficiency and secondary pollution limitations of existing AOPs, but efficient production of 1O2 via tuning the coordination environment of metal active sites remains challenging due to insufficient understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. Herein, an asymmetrical configuration characterized by a manganese single atom coordinated is established with one S atom and three N atoms (denoted as Mn-S1N3), which offer a strong local electric field to promote the cleavage of O─H and S─O bonds, serving as the crucial driver of its high 1O2 production. Strikingly, an enhanced the local electric field caused by the dynamic inter-transformation of the Mn coordination structure (Mn-S1N3 ↔ Mn-N3) can further downshift the 1O2 production energy barrier. Mn-S1N3 demonstrates 100% selective product 1O2 by activation of PMS at unprecedented utilization efficiency, and efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants. This work provides an atomic-level understanding of the catalytic selectivity and is expected to guide the design of smart 1O2-AOPs catalysts for more selective and efficient decontamination applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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4
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Lu S, Liu H. Molecular Doping on Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13331-13338. [PMID: 38872351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Molecular doping is an innovative approach to modify the electronic configuration of carbon nitride (CN) photocatalysts, enhancing visible light absorption and optimizing the recombination of electron-hole pairs in photocatalytic H2 generation. Unlike the conventional heteroatom incorporation strategy, molecular doping offers a more effective means of structure optimization and conjugated framework. This Perspective studies recent advancements in benzene-ring doping for CN, emphasizing the correlation between structure and photocatalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of molecular doping in CN are thoroughly demonstrated, underscoring the importance of utilizing molecular doping to fine-tune both electronic and physical structures for enhanced photocatalytic efficacy. Insights are provided on strategies to address limitations and explore new prospects in the field of molecular doping methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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5
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Tayyab M, Mansoor S, Akmal Z, Khan M, Zhou L, Lei J, Zhang J. A binary dumbbell visible light driven photocatalyst for simultaneous hydrogen production with the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:911-921. [PMID: 38569308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2 production with selective oxidation of organic moieties in an aqueous medium is a fascinating research area. However, the rational design of photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performance are still inadequate. In this work, we efficiently synthesized the MoS2 tipped CdS nanowires (NWs) photocatalyst using soft templates via the two-step hydrothermal method for efficient H2 production with selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BO) under visible light illumination. The optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 production efficiency of 13.55 mmol g-1 h-1 with 99 % selective oxidation of BO, which was 42.34 and 2.21 times greater photocatalytic performance than that of pristine CdS NWs and MoS2/CdS NWs, respectively. The directional loading of MoS2 at the tips of CdS NWs (as compared to nondirectional MoS2 at CdS NWs) is the key factor towards superior H2 production with 99 % selective oxidation of BO and has an inhibitory effect on the photo corrosion of pristine CdS NWs. Therefore, the amazing enhancement in the photocatalytic performance and selectivity of optimized MoS2 tipped CdS NWs (20 % MoS2) photocatalyst is due to the spatial separation of their photoexcited charge carriers through the Schottky junction. Moreover, the unique structure of the MoS2 flower at the tip of 1D CdS NWs offers separate active sites for adsorption and surface reactions such as H2 production at the MoS2 flower (confirmed by Pt photo deposition) and subsequently the selective oxidation of BO at the stem of CdS NWs. This rational design of a photocatalyst could be an inspiring work for the further development of an efficient photocatalytic system for H2 production with selective oxidation of BO (a strategy of mashing two potatoes with one fork).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Seemal Mansoor
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Akmal
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Mazhar Khan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Juying Lei
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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6
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Xu Y, Li J, Zhang C, Raval S, Guo L, Yang F. Dynamics of carbon sequestration in vegetation affected by large-scale surface coal mining and subsequent restoration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13479. [PMID: 38867075 PMCID: PMC11169282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface coal development activities include mining and ecological restoration, which significantly impact regional carbon sinks. Quantifying the dynamic impacts on carbon sequestration in vegetation (VCS) during coal development activities has been challenging. Here, we provided a novel approach to assess the dynamics of VCS affected by large-scale surface coal mining and subsequent restoration. This approach effectively overcomes the limitations imposed by the lack of finer scale and long-time series data through scale transformation. We found that mining activities directly decreased VCS by 384.63 Gg CO2, while restoration activities directly increased 192.51 Gg CO2 between 2001 and 2022. As of 2022, the deficit in VCS at the mining areas still had 1966.7 Gg CO2. The study highlights that complete restoration requires compensating not only for the loss in the year of destruction but also for the ongoing accumulation of losses throughout the mining lifecycle. The findings deepen insights into the intricate relationship between coal resource development and ecological environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Xu
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chengye Zhang
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Simit Raval
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Li Guo
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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7
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Radina AD, Baidyshev VS, Chepkasov IV, Matsokin NA, Altalhi T, Yakobson BI, Kvashnin AG. Theoretical study of adsorption properties and CO oxidation reaction on surfaces of higher tungsten boride. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12788. [PMID: 38834596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Most modern catalysts are based on precious metals and rear-earth elements, making some of organic synthesis reactions economically insolvent. Density functional theory calculations are used here to describe several differently oriented surfaces of the higher tungsten boride WB5-x, together with their catalytic activity for the CO oxidation reaction. Based on our findings, WB5-x appears to be an efficient alternative catalyst for CO oxidation. Calculated surface energies allow the use of the Wulff construction to determine the equilibrium shape of WB5-x particles. It is found that the (010) and (101) facets terminated by boron and tungsten, respectively, are the most exposed surfaces for which the adsorption of different gaseous agents (CO, CO2, H2, N2, O2, NO, NO2, H2O, NH3, SO2) is evaluated to reveal promising prospects for applications. CO oxidation on B-rich (010) and W-rich (101) surfaces is further investigated by analyzing the charge redistribution during the adsorption of CO and O2 molecules. It is found that CO oxidation has relatively low energy barriers. The implications of the present results, the effects of WB5-x on CO oxidation and potential application in the automotive, chemical, and mining industries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra D Radina
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Viktor S Baidyshev
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Ilya V Chepkasov
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Nikita A Matsokin
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Al Hawiyah, 26571, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Al Hawiyah, 26571, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Alexander G Kvashnin
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, Russia, 121205.
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8
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Liu R, Liu S, Lin J, Zhang X, Li Y, Pan H, Kong L, Zhu S, Wang J. Bi-directional charge transfer channels in highly crystalline carbon nitride enabling superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9802-9810. [PMID: 38712434 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) unit is an effective approach to facilitate charge transfer in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) and enhance photocatalytic performance. However, the introduction of hetero-molecules can lead to a decrease in crystallinity, limiting interlayer charge transfer and inhibiting further improvement. In this study, we constructed a novel D-A type carbon nitride with significantly higher crystallinity and a bi-directional charge transfer channel, which was achieved through 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (2,5-TDCA)-assisted self-assembly followed by KCl-templated calcination. The thiophene and cyano groups introduced serve as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively, enhancing in-plane electron delocalization. Additionally, introduced potassium ions are intercalated among the adjacent layers of carbon nitride, creating an interlayer charge transfer channel. Moreover, the highly ordered structure and improved crystallinity further facilitate charge transfer. As a result, the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity of 7.449 mmol h-1 g-1, which is 6.03 times higher than that of pure carbon nitride. The strategy of developing crystalline D-A-structured carbon nitride with controlled in-plane and interlayer charge transfer opens new avenues for the design of carbon nitride with enhanced properties for PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jingyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingti Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
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9
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Zhang S, An C, Zhang R, Kong D, Xu D, Zhang S. Template-Free Synthesis of Boron-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Porous Nanotubes for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6453-6462. [PMID: 38466076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 can be enhanced by improving photoinduced carrier separation and exposing sufficient reactive sites. In this study, we synthesized B-doped porous tubular g-C3N4 (BCNT) using a H3BO3-assisted supramolecular self-template method, wherein H3BO3 helped in B-doping, building a porous structure, and maintaining one-dimensional nanotubes. The tubular structure had an ultrathin tube wall and large aspect ratio, which are conducive to the directional transmission and separation of photogenerated carriers; moreover, the abundant pore structure of the tube wall could fully expose the reactive sites. The introduction of B and the cyano group modulated the bandgap of g-C3N4 and elevated the position of the conduction band, thus enhancing the photoreduction ability and effectively improving the hydrogen evolution performance. Consequently, the hydrogen evolution of BCNT-2 (220.8, 53.2 μmol·h-1) was 1.82 and 1.54 times that of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNN, 121.3, 34.6 μmol·h-1) under simulated sunlight and LED lamp irradiation, respectively. Thus, this work provides in-depth insights into the rational design of one-dimensional g-C3N4 nanotubes with high hydrogen evolution activity under visible irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng An
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
| | - Difa Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha Hunan Province 410022, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yue W, Xu Z, Tayyab M, Wang L, Ye Z, Zhang J. Schottky junction enhanced H 2 evolution for graphitic carbon nitride-NiS composite photocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:133-141. [PMID: 38035416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most promising photocatalysts for H2 evolution, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has many appealing attributes. However, the activity of pristine CN remains unsatisfactory due to severe charge carrier recombination and lack of active sites. In this study, we report a two-step approach for the synthesis of CN nanotubes (TCN) loaded with NiS nanoparticles. The resulting composite photocatalysts gave a H2 evolution rate of 752.9 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 42.3 times higher compared to the pristine CN photocatalyst. Experimental and simulation results showed that the Schottky junction which was formed between TCN and NiS was key to achieving high activity. This is because the formation of Schottky junction prevented the backflow of electrons from NiS to TCN, which improved charge separation efficiency. More importantly, it also led to the accumulation of electrons on NiS, which significantly weakened the SH bond, such that the intermediate hydrogen species desorbed more easily from NiS surface to promote H2 evolution activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zehong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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11
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Li T, Li Y, Guo C, Hu Y. Dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion: advances and challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2320-2348. [PMID: 38314591 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Among the renewable energy technologies to deal with increasing energy crisis and environmental concerns, solar-to-chemical conversion via photocatalysis holds great promise for sustainable energy supply. To date, a variety of modification strategies with different types of semiconducting materials have been proposed to boost photocatalytic efficiency. Recently, dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts have emerged as an advantageous candidate with superior performance in improving photocatalytic activity compared to their defect-free or single-defect counterparts. In this review, focus is laid on the advances of dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts for energy photocatalysis. Possible schemes for two different defects within a single semiconductor are firstly sorted based on the types of defects, and synthesis strategies to achieve various defect schemes as well as techniques to characterize different defects are then introduced. In particular, the effect of different defects on photocatalytic performance is emphasized, and the advances in dual-defect semiconductors for solar-to-chemical conversions are summarized based on different defect schemes. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of dual-defect semiconductors for photocatalysis are discussed. This article is expected to provide an overall insight into existing dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts and inspire the development of new defect-rich materials for photocatalytic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Changfa Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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12
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Li A, Fan J, Guo F, Carpenter-Bundhoo L, Huang G, Shi Y, Ao Y, Wang J. Assessing the impact of river connectivity on fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin using a multi-index evaluation framework. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117729. [PMID: 38036204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Basin, the world's third-largest river basin and a hot spot for global biodiversity conservation, is facing biodiversity crisis caused by reduced river connectivity. The deterioration arises from four dimensions: longitudinal, lateral, vertical and temporal. However, limited research has quantified the spatiotemporal connectivity of the Yangtze River Basin and further evaluated the consequent impact on fish biodiversity. In our study, a multi-index evaluation framework was developed to assess the variations in the four-dimensional connectivity of the Yangtze River Basin from 1980 to 2020, and fish biodiversity affected by reduced connectivity was detected by environmental DNA metabarcoding. Our results showed that the Yangtze River Basin suffers from a pronounced connectivity reduction, with 67% of assessed rivers experiencing deteriorated connectivity in recent years. The lost fish biodiversity along the river reaches with the worst connectivity was likely attributed to the construction of hydropower plants. The headwaters and the downstreams of most hydropower plants had a higher fish biodiversity compared with reservoirs. The free-flowing reaches in the downstream of the lowest hydropower station, had higher lotic fish abundance compared with that in the upstream. As for the entire Yangtze River Basin, 67% of threatened fish species, with 70% endemic species, were threatened by reduced river connectivity. Our result indicates that the massive loss of river connectivity changes the spatiotemporal patterns of fish community and threatens protected fish. More effective measures to restore the populations of affected fish in rivers with reduced river connectivity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aopu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Juntao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Fen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Guoxian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuyin Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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13
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Zhang C, Jiang J, Guan Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Song B, Shao W, Zhen L. Unveiling the sp 2 ─sp 3 C─C Polar Bond Induced Electromagnetic Responding Behaviors by a 2D N-doped Carbon Nanosheet Absorber. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306159. [PMID: 38044305 PMCID: PMC10939080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The infertile electromagnetic (EM) attenuating behavior of carbon material makes the improvement of its performance remain a significant challenge. Herein, a facile and low-cost strategy radically distinct from the prevalent approaches by constructing polar covalent bonds between sp2 -hybridized and sp3 -hybridized carbon atoms to introduce strong dipolar polarization is proposed. Through customizing and selectively engineering the N moieties conjugated with carbon rings, the microstructure of the as-synthesized 2D nanosheet is gradually converted with the partial transition from sp3 carbons to sp2 carbons, where the electric dipoles between them are also tuned. Supported by the DFT calculations, a progressively enhanced sp2 ─sp3 C─C dipolar polarization is caused by this controllable structure evolution, which is demonstrated to contribute dominantly to the total dielectric loss. By virtue of this unduplicated loss behavior, a remarkable effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) beyond -10 dB of 8.28 GHz (2.33 mm) and an ultrawide EAB beyond -5 dB of 13.72 GHz (4.93 mm) are delivered, which upgrade the EM performance of carbon material to a higher level. This study not only demonstrates the huge perspective of sp2 ─sp3 -hybridized carbon in EM elimination but also gives pioneering insights into the carbon-carbon polarization mechanism for guiding the development of advanced EM absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Tang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of MetalsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Guan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Yining Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special EnvironmentsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150080P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Shao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
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14
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Radhakrishnan P, Sivasamy A. Photocatalytic reduction of chromium(VI) using multiwall carbon nanotubes/bismuth oxide nanocomposite under solar irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4747-4763. [PMID: 38105325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis is the most efficient advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. A new carbon-based photocatalyst bismuth oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (Bi2O3/MWCNT) nanocomposite has a considerable impact on improving photocatalytic performance. Bi2O3/MWCNTs (BMC) nanocomposite was prepared through the hydrothermal processing with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% of MWCNTs. The prepared photocatalysts have been thoroughly examined by various techniques. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the prepared photocatalyst as α-Bi2O3 with high crystallinity. The band gap of Bi2O3 and BMC 7.5 nanocomposite was found to be 2.41 and 1.94 eV. The prepared photocatalyst revealed smooth and porous merged flower-like structure with respect to the addition of MWCNTs. The model pollutant chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) has been used to check the reduction efficiency of the prepared photocatalyst under solar irradiation. It was found that BMC 7.5 nanocomposite showed enhanced photocatalytic metal ion reduction (87.48%) compared to pristine Bi2O3 (69.29%). The preliminary photocatalytic Cr(VI) ion reduction experiments were carried to determine the photoreduction efficiency of pristine bismuth oxide and bismuth MWCNT nanocomposite. The kinetic study on Cr(VI) ion reduction obeyed pseudo-first-order rate kinetics for both the prepared photocatalysts. The efficiency of the photocatalysts was further analysed by reusing the same up to 3 cycles without loss of the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravina Radhakrishnan
- Catalysis Science Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
- Department of Leather Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Arumugam Sivasamy
- Catalysis Science Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
- Department of Leather Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India.
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15
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Yu Y, Zeng Y, Ouyang Q, Liu X, Zheng Y, Wu S, Tan L. Ultrasound-Induced Abiotic and Biotic Interfacial Electron Transfer for Efficient Treatment of Bacterial Infection. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21018-21029. [PMID: 37899553 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer plays an important role in various catalytic reactions and physiological activities, whose altered processes may change catalytic efficiency and interfere in physiological metabolic processes. In this study, we design an ultrasound (US)-activated piezoelectric responsive heterojunction (PCN-222-BTO, PCN: porous coordination network), which can change the electron transfer path at the abiotic and abiotic-biotic interfaces under US, thus achieving a rapid (15 min) and efficient bactericidal effect of 99.96%. US-induced polarization of BTO generates a built-in electric field, which promotes the electron transfer excited from PCN-222 to BTO at the PCN-222-BTO interface, thereby increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Especially, we find that the biological electron transfer from the bacterial membrane to BTO is also activated at the MRSA-BTO interface. This antibacterial mode results in the down-regulated ribosomal, DNA and ATP synthesis related genes in MRSA, while the cell membrane and ion transport related genes are up-regulated due to the synergistic damage effect of ROS and disturbance of the bacterial electron transport chain. This US responsive dual-interface system shows an excellent therapeutic effect for the treatment of the MRSA-infected osteomyelitis model, which is superior to clinical vancomycin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuxuan Zeng
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qunle Ouyang
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340, Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 0087, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 0087, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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16
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Guan W, Jia R, Zhang L, Meng M, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong X, Sui L, Gan Z, Dong L, Yu L. Construction of PdSe 2/ZnIn 2S 4 heterojunctions with covalent interface for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:685-693. [PMID: 37385033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Constructing semiconductor heterojunctions can enable novel schemes for highly efficient photocatalytic activity. However, introducing strong covalent bonding at the interface remains an open challenge. Herein, ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) with abundant sulfur vacancies (Sv) is synthesized with the presence of PdSe2 as an additional precursor. The sulfur vacancies of Sv-ZIS are filled by Se atoms of PdSe2, leading to the Zn-In-Se-Pd compound interface. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the increased density of states at the interface, which will increase the local carrier concentration. Moreover, the length of the Se-H bond is longer than that of the SH bond, which is good for the evolution of H2 from the interface. In addition, the charge redistribution at the interface results in a built-in field, providing the driving force for efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole. Therefore, the PdSe2/Sv-ZIS heterojunction with strong covalent interface exhibits an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance (4423 μmol g-1h-1) with an apparent quantum efficiency (λ > 420 nm) of 9.1 %. This work will provide new inspirations to improve photocatalytic activity by engineering the interfaces of semiconductor heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Ruiming Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xingchen Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Lina Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Liyan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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17
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Abbaspour F, Sarvi MN, Azimi E. Synthesis of TiO 2 nanotubes from ilmenite with CuS nanoparticles as efficient visible-light photocatalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:96400-96411. [PMID: 37572255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) is one of the most widely used photocatalysts. In this research, TNT was prepared by a facile method using ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentrate as the titanium source. For this purpose, iron was leached out from ilmenite using HCl in assistance with the iron powder as the reducing agent to produce pure TiO2, where consequently, TNT was produced through hydrothermal treatment of the prepared TiO2 in an alkaline solution. CuS quantum dots, using the L-cysteine as a linker, were coated on the TNT to improve TNTs' photocatalytic properties. Characterization was done using XRD, SEM, FESEM, HRTEM, FT-IR, nitrogen sorption, and band gap measurement. The results revealed the formation of TNT with a star-shaped macrostructure as well as, a good dispersion of uniform CuS quantum dots with an average diameter of a few nanometers on the TiO2 structure. A dye adsorption kinetics study of the TNT and CuS-dopped TNT showed that TNT carries a higher adsorption capacity compared to the CuS-dopped TNT, developed due to its higher surface area and pore volume. Next, the photocatalytic performance (under visible light) of the prepared composite was studied over the methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes, after the determination of the dye adsorption equilibrium point (where the adsorption stops). TNT showed almost no dye degradation while the prepared composite degraded almost 95 % of the dyes as the result of the reduced band gap from 3.21 to 2.67 eV. In this study, for the first time, the TNT was prepared using a mineral source and ilmenite, enhanced in photocatalytic properties, and presented a successful application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Abbaspour
- Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasiri Sarvi
- Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Azimi
- Department of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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