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Yang R, Shi X, Ye Q, Li Q, Zhang Q, Li D, Jiang D. Molybdenum diselenide/polymeric carbon nitride dual-homojunction photocatalyst with multi-step charge transfer for efficient catalytic carbon dioxide reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:985-996. [PMID: 38959699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to the high dissociation energy of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sluggish charge transfer dynamics, photocatalytic CO2 reduction with high performance remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a novel dual-homojunction photocatalyst comprising of cyano/cyanamide groups co-modified carbon nitride (CN-TH) intramolecular homojunction and 1 T/2H-MoSe2 homojunction (denoted as 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN-TH) for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this dual-homojunction photocatalyst, the intramolecular CN-TH homojunction could promote the intralayer charge separation and transfer owing to the strong electron-withdrawing capabilities of the two-type cyanamide, while the 1 T/2H-MoSe2 homojunction mainly contributes to a promote interlayer charge transport of CN-TH. This could consequently induce a tandem multi-step charge transfer and accelerate the charge transfer dynamics, resulting in enhanced CO2 reduction activities. Thanks to this tandem multi-step charge transfer, the optimized 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN-TH dual-homojunction photocatalyst presented a high CO yield of 27.36 μmol·g-1·h-1, which is 3.58 and 2.87 times higher than those of 1 T/2H-MoSe2/CN and 2H-MoSe2/CN-TH single homojunctions, respectively. This work provides a novel strategy for efficient CO2 reduction via achieving a tandem multi-step charge transfer through designing dual-homojunction photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qianjin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Deli Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Zhong T, Huang W, Yao Z, Long X, Qu W, Zhao H, Tian S, Shu D, He C. Engineering of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4) Based Photocatalysts for Atmospheric Protection: Modification Strategies, Recent Progress, and Application Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404696. [PMID: 39155427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a prominent photocatalyst that has attracted substantial interest in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation due to the low cost of fabrication, robust chemical structure, adaptable and tunable energy bandgaps, superior photoelectrochemical properties, cost-effective feedstocks, and distinctive framework. Nonetheless, the practical application of bulk g-C3N4 in the photocatalysis field is limited by the fast recombination of photogenerated e--h+ pairs, insufficient surface-active sites, and restricted redox capacity. Consequently, a great deal of research has been devoted to solving these scientific challenges for large-scale applications. This review concisely presents the latest advancements in g-C3N4-based photocatalyst modification strategies, and offers a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and preparation techniques for each strategy. It aims to articulate the complex relationship between theory, microstructure, and activities of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for atmospheric protection. Finally, both the challenges and opportunities for the development of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are highlighted. It is highly believed that this special review will provide new insight into the synthesis, modification, and broadening of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for atmospheric protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhangnan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xianhu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huinan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dong Shu
- Key Lab of Technology on Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Generation in Guangdong Universities, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Drdanová AP, Krajčovičová TE, Gál M, Nemčeková K, Imreová Z, Ryba J, Naumowicz M, Homola T, Mackuľak T, Svitková V. Unveiling Versatile Applications and Toxicity Considerations of Graphitic Carbon Nitride. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7634. [PMID: 39062877 PMCID: PMC11276815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-free, low-cost, organic photocatalytic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a promising and impressive material in numerous scientific fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties. As a semiconductor with a suitable band gap of ~2.7 eV, g-C3N4 is an active photocatalytic material even after irradiation with visible light. However, information regarding the toxicity of g-C3N4 is not extensively documented and there is not a comprehensive understanding of its potential adverse effects on human health or the environment. In this context, the term "toxicity" can be perceived in both a positive and a negative light, depending on whether it serves as a benefit or poses a potential risk. This review shows the applications of g-C3N4 in sensorics, electrochemistry, photocatalysis, and biomedical approaches while pointing out the potential risks of its toxicity, especially in human and environmental health. Finally, the future perspective of g-C3N4 research is addressed, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of this material to provide safe and effective applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paulína Drdanová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.D.); (Z.I.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Timea Ema Krajčovičová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.E.K.); (K.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.E.K.); (K.N.); (V.S.)
- MicroPoll s.r.o., 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Nemčeková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.E.K.); (K.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Zuzana Imreová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.D.); (Z.I.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- MicroPoll s.r.o., 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jozef Ryba
- MicroPoll s.r.o., 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Department of Polymer Processing, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Tomáš Homola
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.D.); (Z.I.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.P.D.); (Z.I.); (T.H.); (T.M.)
- MicroPoll s.r.o., 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Svitková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.E.K.); (K.N.); (V.S.)
- MicroPoll s.r.o., 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Raman R, Muthu J, Yen ZL, Qorbani M, Chen YX, Chen DR, Hofmann M, Hsieh YP. Selective activation of MoS 2 grain boundaries for enhanced electrochemical activity. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:946-955. [PMID: 38456521 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising material for catalysis and sustainable energy conversion. However, the inertness of its basal plane to electrochemical reactions poses challenges to the utilization of wafer-scale MoS2 in electrocatalysis. To overcome this limitation, we present a technique that enhances the catalytic activity of continuous MoS2 by preferentially activating its buried grain boundaries (GBs). Through mild UV irradiation, a significant enhancement in GB activity was observed that approaches the values for MoS2 edges, as confirmed by a site-selective photo-deposition technique and micro-electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) measurements. Combined spectroscopic characterization and ab-initio simulation demonstrates substitutional oxygen functionalization at the grain boundaries to be the origin of this selective catalytic enhancement by an order of magnitude. Our approach not only improves the density of active sites in MoS2 catalytic processes but yields a new photocatalytic conversion process. By exploiting the difference in electronic structure between activated GBs and the basal plane, homo-compositional junctions were realized that improve the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen by 47% and achieve performances beyond the capabilities of other catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Raman
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeyavelan Muthu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Nanoscience and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Long Yen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Qorbani
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xiang Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Rui Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mario Hofmann
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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5
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Mao L, Zhai B, Shi J, Kang X, Lu B, Liu Y, Cheng C, Jin H, Lichtfouse E, Guo L. Supercritical CH 3OH-Triggered Isotype Heterojunction and Groups in g-C 3N 4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13939-13949. [PMID: 38749923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The structure tuning of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a critical way to promote the charge carriers dynamics for enhancing photocatalytic H2-evolution activity. Exploring feasible post-treatment strategies can lead to effective structure tuning, but it still remains a great challenge. Herein, a supercritical CH3OH (ScMeOH) post-treatment strategy (250-300 °C, 8.1-11.8 MPa) is developed for the structure tuning of bulk g-C3N4. This strategy presented advantages of time-saving (less than 10 min), high yield (over 80%), and scalability due to the enhanced mass transfer and high reactivity of ScMeOH. During the ScMeOH post-treatment process, CH3OH molecules diffused into the interlayers of g-C3N4 and subsequently participated in N-methylation and hydroxylation reactions with the intralayers, resulting in a partial phase transformation from g-C3N4 into carbon nitride with a poly(heptazine imide)-like structure (Q-PHI) as well as abundant methyl and hydroxyl groups. The modified g-C3N4 showed enhanced photocatalytic activity with an H2-evolution rate 7.2 times that of pristine g-C3N4, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of the g-C3N4/Q-PHI isotype heterojunction construction, group modulation, and surface area increase. This work presents a post-treatment strategy for structure tuning of bulk g-C3N4 and serves as a case for the application of supercritical fluid technology in photocatalyst synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Binjiang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bingru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
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Liu R, Liu S, Lin J, Zhang X, Li Y, Pan H, Kong L, Zhu S, Wang J. Bi-directional charge transfer channels in highly crystalline carbon nitride enabling superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9802-9810. [PMID: 38712434 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) unit is an effective approach to facilitate charge transfer in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) and enhance photocatalytic performance. However, the introduction of hetero-molecules can lead to a decrease in crystallinity, limiting interlayer charge transfer and inhibiting further improvement. In this study, we constructed a novel D-A type carbon nitride with significantly higher crystallinity and a bi-directional charge transfer channel, which was achieved through 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (2,5-TDCA)-assisted self-assembly followed by KCl-templated calcination. The thiophene and cyano groups introduced serve as the electron donor and acceptor, respectively, enhancing in-plane electron delocalization. Additionally, introduced potassium ions are intercalated among the adjacent layers of carbon nitride, creating an interlayer charge transfer channel. Moreover, the highly ordered structure and improved crystallinity further facilitate charge transfer. As a result, the as-prepared photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity of 7.449 mmol h-1 g-1, which is 6.03 times higher than that of pure carbon nitride. The strategy of developing crystalline D-A-structured carbon nitride with controlled in-plane and interlayer charge transfer opens new avenues for the design of carbon nitride with enhanced properties for PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jingyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lingti Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
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Pervaiz H, Shahzad N, Jamil Q. The impact of a TiO 2/r-GO composite material on the performance of electron transport electrodes of dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15907-15914. [PMID: 38756851 PMCID: PMC11097141 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00829d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In dye sensitized solar cells, the role of the electron transport layer is crucial because it makes it easier for photo-generated electrons to get from the dye to the external circuit. In DSSCs, the utilization of TiO2 is likely to be given preference in the production of electron transport electrodes due to its notable characteristics such as its expansive surface area, porosity, and capacity to scatter light. Nevertheless, the presence of heterogeneity within the mesoporous structure increases the likelihood of TiO2 aggregation, which subsequently diminishes the beneficial impact of TiO2 on the performance of DSSCs. In this context, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) is introduced as an additive into the TiO2 network during the preparation of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) composites. The integration of r-GO with TiO2 has been recognized as a promising approach to enhance electron transport and electron lifespan, owing to remarkable qualities exhibited by r-GO. The present investigation involved the synthesis of a composite material including titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/r-GO) through the utilization of the co-precipitation technique. Following this, the generated TiO2/r-GO composite material and pure TiO2 were deposited on FTO through electrophoretic deposition to obtain an electron transport electrode of a dye sensitized solar cell. It should be noted that when r-GO was combined with TiO2, the performance of DSSCs improved notably compared to pure TiO2. As a result, the findings of this work have significant implications for the advancement of the TiO2/r-GO composite deposited through electrophoretic deposition. The power conversion efficiency reached 6.64% with the addition of r-GO in the metal oxide electron transport electrode. The obtained findings align with the outcomes of electrochemical impedance investigations in which the electrode constructed with TiO2/r-GO exhibits reduced electron transport resistance (RCt) at the anode/dye/electrolyte interface, as well as lower overall resistance (Rtotal) in comparison to TiO2-based DSSCs. These advancements have the potential to be employed in commercial DSSC manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Pervaiz
- U. S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Sector 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nadia Shahzad
- U. S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H-12 Sector 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qasim Jamil
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana Vecna Pot 113 Sl-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Yang Z, Yuan M, Cheng Z, Liu B, Ma Z, Ma J, Zhang J, Ma X, Ma P, Lin J. Defect-Repaired g-C 3N 4 Nanosheets: Elevating the Efficacy of Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy Through Enhanced Charge Carrier Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401758. [PMID: 38320968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has garnered growing interest owing to its high tissue penetration depth and minimal side effects. However, the lack of efficient sonosensitizers remains the primary limiting factor for the clinical application of this treatment method. Here, defect-repaired graphene phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets are prepared and utilized for enhanced SDT in anti-tumor treatment. After defect engineering optimization, the bulk defects of g-C3N4 are significantly reduced, resulting in higher crystallinity and exhibiting a polyheptazine imide (PHI) structure. Due to the more extended conjugated structure of PHI, facilitating faster charge transfer on the surface, it exhibits superior SDT performance for inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. This work focuses on introducing a novel carbon nitride nanomaterial as a sonosensitizer and a strategy for optimizing sonosensitizer performance by reducing bulk defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhizi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiashi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
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9
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Shao M, Shao Y, Pan H. Progress on enhancing the charge separation efficiency of carbon nitride for robust photocatalytic H 2 production. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11243-11262. [PMID: 38567551 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Solar-driven H2 production from water splitting with efficient photocatalysts is a sustainable strategy to meet the clean energy demand and alleviate the approaching environmental issues caused by fossil fuel consumption. Among various semiconductor-based photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted much attention due to its advantages of long term-stability, visible light response, low cost, and easy preparation. However, the intrinsic Coulombic attraction between charge carriers and the interlayer electrostatic barrier of bulk g-C3N4 result in severe charge recombination and low charge separation efficiency. This perspective summarizes the recent progress in the development of g-C3N4 photocatalytic systems, and focuses on three main modification strategies for promoting charge transfer and minimizing charge recombination, including structural modulation, heterojunction construction, and cocatalyst loading. Based on this progress, we provide conclusions regarding the current challenges of further improving photocatalytic efficiency to fulfill commercial requirements, and propose some recommendations for the design of novel and satisfactory g-C3N4 photocatalysts, which is expected to progress the solar-to-hydrogen conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yangfan Shao
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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10
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Fang Z, Yue X, Xiang Q. Atomically Contacted Cs 3Bi 2Br 9 QDs@UiO-66 Composite for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401914. [PMID: 38593297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are widely studied in the field of photocatalytic CO2 due to their strong light absorption and long carrier migration length. However, it can not exhibit high catalytic performance because of the radiative recombination and the lack of effective catalytic sites. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) encapsulated QDs can not only solve the aforementioned problems, but also maintain their own unique characteristics with ultra-high specific surfaces area and abundant metal sites. In this work, lead-free bismuth-based halide perovskite QDs are encapsulated into Zr-based MOF (UiO-66), which combines the advantages with high power conversion efficiency of QDs and the high surface area and porosity of UiO-66. In addition, benefiting from the close contact between the Cs3Bi2Br9 QDs and the UiO-66 enables the photogenerated electrons in the QDs to be rapidly transferred to the MOF. As a result, the Cs3Bi2Br9@UiO-66 composite exhibits a higher yield for photocatalytic CO2 reduction than that of the prepared large-sized composite of Cs3Bi2Br9 and UiO-66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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11
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Wen J, Du X, Hua F, Gu Y, Li M, Tang T. PVP Passivated δ-CsPbI 3: Vacancy Induced Visible-Light Absorption and Efficient Photocatalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:1670. [PMID: 38611948 PMCID: PMC11013652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aqueous instability of halide perovskite seriously hinders its direct application in water as a potential photocatalyst. Here, we prepared a new type of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) passivated δ-CsPbI3 (δ-CsPbI3@PVP) microcrystal by a facile method. This material can be uniformly dispersed in water and stably maintain its crystal structure for a long time, breaking through the bottleneck of halide perovskite photocatalysis in water. Under visible light, δ-CsPbI3@PVP can almost completely photodegrade organic dyes (including Rhodamine B, methylene blue, and crystal violet) in only 20 min. The efficient photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption arising from PbI2 defects in δ-CsPbI3@PVP and the intrinsic low photoluminescence quantum yield of δ-CsPbI3, which induces efficient light absorption and photocatalytic activity. We highlight δ-CsPbI3@PVP as an effective aqueous photocatalyst, and this study provides new insights into how to exploit the potential of halide perovskite in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wen
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Xin Du
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Feng Hua
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Yiting Gu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Ming Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Application, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.W.); (X.D.); (F.H.); (Y.G.); (M.L.)
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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12
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Yang XC, Zhao JT. Aerogel for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation. Gels 2024; 10:100. [PMID: 38391430 PMCID: PMC10888021 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis is one of the effective ways to degrade pollutant antibiotics. Agar is used as the adsorption module to provide abundant pore structure. Carbon dots (CDs) are selected as light energy conversion components. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is used as the main material of the catalyst. Agar/CDs/g-C3N4-functionalized aerogel with a unique 3D pore structure is assembled. The Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel shows the highest photocurrent density, which is 3.7 times that of agar, 2.4 times that of 3-g-C3N4 and 1.6 times that of Agar/g-C3N4 aerogel. Compared with 3-g-C3N4 and Agar/g-C3N4 aerogel, which can completely remove AMX after 75 min, Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel can degrade amoxicillin (AMX) completely after 45 min of illumination. The reason is that Agar/CDs/g-C3N4 aerogel has a larger specific surface area, richer functional groups, a wider spectral range, higher photocurrent density and better carrier migration and separation efficiency. It is a good strategy with which to combine the effects of each component in the ternary system for the efficient photocatalysis of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chun Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing-Tai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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13
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Jing L, Xu Y, Xie M, Li Z, Wu C, Zhao H, Zhong N, Wang J, Wang H, Yan Y, Li H, Hu J. Cyano-Rich g-C 3 N 4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304404. [PMID: 37670529 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron-absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 . Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano-modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 , to achieve a more in-depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Jing
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yuanguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chongchong Wu
- CNOOC Institute of Chemicals & Advanced Materials (CICM), Beijing, 102200, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Na Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yubo Yan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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14
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Chen Z, Yan Y, Lu C, Lin X, Fu Z, Shi W, Guo F. Photocatalytic Self-Fenton System of g-C 3N 4-Based for Degradation of Emerging Contaminants: A Review of Advances and Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:5916. [PMID: 37570886 PMCID: PMC10421113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The discharge of emerging pollutants in the industrial process poses a severe threat to the ecological environment and human health. Photocatalytic self-Fenton technology combines the advantages of photocatalysis and Fenton oxidation technology through the in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and interaction with iron (Fe) ions to generate a large number of strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) to effectively degrade pollutants in the environment. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is considered as the most potential photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) photocatalyst for H2O2 production due to its excellent chemical/thermal stability, unique electronic structure, easy manufacturing, and moderate band gap (2.70 eV). Hence, in this review, we briefly introduce the advantages of the photocatalytic self-Fenton and its degradation mechanisms. In addition, the modification strategy of the g-C3N4-based photocatalytic self-Fenton system and related applications in environmental remediation are fully discussed and summarized in detail. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the g-C3N4-based photocatalytic self-Fenton system are discussed. We believe that this review can promote the construction of novel and efficient photocatalytic self-Fenton systems as well as further application in environmental remediation and other research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouze Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Yujie Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Changyu Lu
- School of Water Resource and Environment, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, Hebei Geo University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Xue Lin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Zhijing Fu
- School of Water Resource and Environment, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Recourse, Hebei Geo University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Weilong Shi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
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