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Oliveira FM, Amousa N, Subramani A, Luxa J, Senthil C, Sofer Z, Gonzalez-Julian J. Maximizing Potential Applications of MAX Phases: Sustainable Synthesis of Multielement Ti 3AlC 2. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14851-14859. [PMID: 39075950 PMCID: PMC11323249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This study employs the molten-salt-shielded method to dope the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase with Nb and Mo, aiming to expand the intrinsic potential of the material. X-ray diffraction confirms the preservation of the hexagonal lattice structure of Ti3AlC2, while Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses reveal the successful incorporation of dopants with subtle yet significant alterations in the vibrational modes and chemical environment. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy characterizations illustrate the characteristic layered morphology and uniform dopant distribution. Density functional theory simulations provide insights into the modified electronic structure, displaying changes in carrier transport mechanisms and potential increases in metallic conductivity, particularly when doping occurs at both the M and A sites. The computational findings are corroborated by the experimental results, suggesting that the enhanced material may possess improved properties for electronic applications. This comprehensive approach not only expands the MAX phase family but also tailors its functionality, which could allow for the production of hybrid materials with novel functionalities not present in the pristine form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa M. Oliveira
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Prague University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Nima Amousa
- Chair
of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering
(GHI) RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Amutha Subramani
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Prague University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Prague University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Chenrayan Senthil
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Gyeonsang National
University, Jinju-si 52725, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Prague University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická
5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Julian
- Chair
of Ceramics, Institute of Mineral Engineering
(GHI) RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 33, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Cui J, Li J, Zhang Z, Xu T, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Meng Q, Zhou Z. V-Based MXene/MAX Heterostructure Composites with Enhancing Dielectric Loss for Broadband Microwave Absorption. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12920-12928. [PMID: 38944846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance is strictly dependent on attenuation and impedance matching, which are directly influenced by the ratio of MXene/MAX in the multilayer structured MXene/MAX composites. However, there is still a challenge to achieve collaborative optimization of dielectric loss and impedance matching by precisely regulating the proportional relationship of MXene/MAX. Herein, V-based MXene/MAX heterostructure composites with different V2C/V2AlC ratios were successfully synthesized by rationally controlling the temperature and time of the hydrothermal reaction. Experimental results indicated that V2C-100 °C-1 harvested the balance between reduced impedance matching and enhanced dielectric losses, which was attributed to the mildly enhanced conduction loss and polarization loss. The first principles indicated that abundant electrons migrate from the V atoms of the MXene to the C atoms of the MAX phase. The charge redistributed and accumulated at the interface, exciting the increase in the dielectric loss of V2C-100 °C-1. As a result, the V2C-100 °C-1 heterostructure composite had an excellent electromagnetic absorption effect with a minimum reflection loss of -50.06 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 4.0 GHz (12.72-16.72 GHz). This work provides a valuable experience for the development of efficient MXene-based microwave absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cui
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zegeng Chen
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingxin Meng
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhou
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Physics and Application Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Li Y, Wei H, Chen L, Xie C, Ding H, Fang F, Chai Z, Huang Q. Regulating the Electronic Structure of MAX Phases Based on Rare Earth Element Sc to Enhance Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10019-10030. [PMID: 38545930 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
MAX phases are highly promising materials for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption because of their specific combination of metal and ceramic properties, making them particularly suitable for harsh environments. However, their higher matching thickness and impedance mismatching can limit their ability to attenuate EM waves. To address this issue, researchers have focused on regulating the electronic structure of MAX phases through structural engineering. In this study, we successfully synthesized a ternary MAX phase known as Sc2GaC MAX with the rare earth element Sc incorporated into the M-site sublayer, resulting in exceptional conductivity and impressive stability at high temperatures. The Sc2GaC demonstrates a strong reflection loss (RL) of -47.7 dB (1.3 mm) and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.28 GHz. It also achieves effective absorption of EM wave energy across a wide frequency range, encompassing the X and Ku bands. This exceptional performance is observed within a thickness range of 1.3 to 2.1 mm, making it significantly superior to other Ga-MAX phases. Furthermore, Sc2GaC exhibited excellent absorption performance even at elevated temperatures. After undergoing oxidation at 800 °C, it achieves a minimum RL of -28.3 dB. Conversely, when treated at 1400 °C under an argon atmosphere, Sc2GaC demonstrates even higher performance, with a minimum RL of -46.1 dB. This study highlights the potential of structural engineering to modify the EM wave absorption performance of the MAX phase by controlling its intrinsic electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbing Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Haoshuai Wei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Chaoyin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Haoming Ding
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Fei Fang
- College of Digital Technology and Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
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Luo W, Jiang X, Liu Y, Yuan X, Huo J, Li P, Guo S. Entropy-Driven Morphology Regulation of MAX Phase Solid Solutions with Enhanced Microwave Absorption and Thermal Insulation Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305453. [PMID: 37840417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Morphology regulation and composition design have proved to be effective strategies for the fabrication of desirable microwave absorbers. However, it is still challenging to precisely control the microstructure and components of MAX phases. Herein, an entropy-driven approach, a transition from irregular grains (low entropy) to sheet structure (high entropy), is proposed to modulate the morphology of MAX phases. The theoretical calculation indicates that the morphology evolution can be ascribed to the enlarged energy difference between (11_00) and (0001) facets. The enriched structural defects and optimized morphologies yield significant dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, and scattering, which all enhance the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of (V0.25 Ti0.25 Cr0.25 Mo0.25 )2 GaC. Specifically, its minimum reflection loss can reach up to -47.12 dB at 12.13 GHz, and the optimal effective absorption bandwidth is 4.56 GHz (2.03 mm). Meanwhile, (V0.25 Ti0.25 Cr0.25 Mo0.25 )2 GaC shows also pronounced thermal insulation properties affording it good reliability in the harsh working environment. This work offers a novel approach to designing and regulating the morphology of the high entropy MAX phase, and also presents an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between entropy and electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Huo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Peitong Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Shouwu Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yan Y, Ma G, Zhong B, Che R, Huang X. Tracking Regulatory Mechanism of Trace Fe on Graphene Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:66. [PMID: 38175333 PMCID: PMC10767016 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polarization and conductance losses are the fundamental dielectric attenuation mechanisms for graphene-based absorbers, but it is not fully understood in revealing the loss mechanism of affect graphene itself. For the first time, the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based absorbers are developed with regulatory absorption properties and the absorption mechanism of RGO is mainly originated from the carrier injection behavior of trace metal Fe nanosheets on graphene. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of Fe/RGO-2 composite reaches - 53.38 dB (2.45 mm), and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 7.52 GHz (2.62 mm) with lower filling loading of 2 wt%. Using off-axis electron hologram testing combined with simulation calculation and carrier transport property experiments, we demonstrate here the carrier injection behavior from Fe to graphene at the interface and the induced charge accumulation and rearrangement, resulting in the increased interfacial and dipole polarization and the conductance loss. This work has confirmed that regulating the dielectric property of graphene itself by adding trace metals can not only ensure good impedance matching, but also fully exploit the dielectric loss ability of graphene at low filler content, which opens up an efficient way for designing lightweight absorbers and may be extended to other types materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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