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Miao W, Peng H, Cui S, Zeng J, Ma G, Zhu L, Lei Z, Xu Y. Fine nanostructure design of metal chalcogenide conversion-based cathode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries. iScience 2024; 27:109811. [PMID: 38799585 PMCID: PMC11126976 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) a strong candidate to set off the second-generation energy storage boom due to their double charge transfer and dendrite-free advantages. However, the strong coulombic force and the huge diffusion energy barrier between Mg2+ and the electrode material have led to need for a cathode material that can enable the rapid and reversible de-insertion of Mg2+. So far, researchers have found that the sulfur-converted cathode materials have a greater application prospect due to the advantages of low price and high specific capacity, etc. Based on these advantages, it is possible to achieve the goal of increasing the magnesium storage capacity and cycling stability by reasonable modification of crystal or morphology. In this review, we focus on the application of a variety of sulfur-converted cathode materials in MIBs in recent years from the perspective of microstructural design, and provide an outlook on current challenges and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingtian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guofu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits And Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei Province 432000, China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310024, China
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Luo T, Wang Y, Elander B, Goldstein M, Mu Y, Wilkes J, Fahrenbruch M, Lee J, Li T, Bao JL, Mohanty U, Wang D. Polysulfides in Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306239. [PMID: 37740905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Mg-S batteries hold great promise as a potential alternative to Li-based technologies. Their further development hinges on solving a few key challenges, including the lower capacity and poorer cycling performance when compared to Li counterparts. At the heart of the issues is the lack of knowledge on polysulfide chemical behaviors in the Mg-S battery environment. In this Review, a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of polysulfide behaviors in Mg-S batteries is provided. First, a systematic summary of experimental and computational techniques for polysulfide characterization is provided. Next, conversion pathways for Mg polysulfide species within the battery environment are discussed, highlighting the important role of polysulfide solubility in determining reaction kinetics and overall battery performance. The focus then shifts to the negative effects of polysulfide shuttling on Mg-S batteries. The authors outline various strategies for achieving an optimal balance between polysulfide solubility and shuttling, including the use of electrolyte additives, polysulfide-trapping materials, and dual-functional catalysts. Based on the current understanding, the directions for further advancing knowledge of Mg polysulfide chemistry are identified, emphasizing the integration of experiment with computation as a powerful approach to accelerate the development of Mg-S battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Brooke Elander
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Yu Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - James Wilkes
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | | | - Justin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Tevin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Udayan Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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Jiang X, Wu J, Zhang P, Jiang L, Lu S, Zhao X, Yin Z. First-principles investigation on multi-magnesium sulfide and magnesium sulfide clusters in magnesium-sulfide batteries. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20926-20933. [PMID: 37441038 PMCID: PMC10335111 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the abundance of magnesium and sulfur and their low cost, the development of magnesium sulfur batteries is very promising. In particular, the battery performance of nanoscale (MgS)n clusters is much better than that of bulk sized MgS. However, the structures, stability, and properties of MgxSy and (MgS)n clusters, which are very important to improve the performance of Mg-S batteries, are still unexplored. Herein, the most stable structures of MgxSy (x = 1-8, y = 1-8) and (MgS)n (n = 1-10) are reliably determined using the structure search method and density functional theory to calculate. According to calculation results, MgS3 and Mg6S8 may not exist in the actual charging and discharging products of magnesium sulfide batteries. The (MgS)n (n ≥ 5) clusters exhibit intriguing cage-like structures, which are favorable for eliminating dangling bonds and enhancing structural stability. Compared to the MgS monomer, each sulfur atom in the clusters is coordinated with more magnesium atoms, thus lengthening the Mg-S bond length and decreasing the Mg-S bond activation energy. Notably, with the increase of dielectric constant of electrolyte solvent, compared to the DME (ε = 7.2), THF (ε = 7.6) and C2H4Cl2 (ε = 10.0), MgxSy and (MgS)n clusters are most stable in the environment of C3H6O (ε = 20.7). It can delay the transformation of magnesium polysulfide to the final product MgS, which is conducive to improving the performance of Mg-S batteries. The predicted characteristic peaks of infrared and Raman spectra provide useful information for in situ experimental investigation. Our work represents a significant step towards understanding (MgS)n clusters and improving the performance of Mg-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jianbao Wu
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Panyu Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shuhan Lu
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - ZhiXiang Yin
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
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Meggiolaro D, Agostini M, Brutti S. Aprotic Sulfur-Metal Batteries: Lithium and Beyond. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1300-1312. [PMID: 36937789 PMCID: PMC10012267 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-sulfur batteries constitute an extraordinary research playground that ranges from fundamental science to applied technologies. However, besides the widely explored Li-S system, a remarkable lack of understanding hinders advancements and performance in all other metal-sulfur systems. In fact, similarities and differences make all generalizations highly inconsistent, thus unavoidably suggesting the need for extensive research explorations for each formulation. Here we review critically the most remarkable open challenges that still hinder the full development of metal-S battery formulations, starting from the lithium benchmark and addressing Na, K, Mg, and Ca metal systems. Our aim is to draw an updated picture of the recent efforts in the field and to shed light on the most promising innovation paths that can pave the way to breakthroughs in the fundamental comprehension of these systems or in battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC-CNR), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università
di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma La
Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro
5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi
Complessi, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- GISEL-Centro
di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico
di Energia, INSTM via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Zhang H, Qiao L, Armand M. Organic Electrolyte Design for Rechargeable Batteries: From Lithium to Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214054. [PMID: 36219515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered as one of the most viable battery chemistries amongst the "post" lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies owing to their high volumetric capacity and the natural abundance of their key elements. The fundamental properties of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes are of essence to regulate the overall performance of RMBs. In this Review, the basic electrochemistry of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes batteries is discussed and compared to that of the Li-ion conducting electrolytes, and a comprehensive overview of the development of different Mg-ion conducting electrolytes is provided. In addition, the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future research are intensively discussed. The present work is expected to give an impetus to inspire the discovery of key electrolytes and thereby improve the electrochemical performances of RMBs and other related emerging battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Qiao
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Xiao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhao Y, Su Y, Liu H, Li X, Su Y, Yuan H, Pan T, Lin Q, Pan L, Zhang Y. Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase In Situ Formed on Magnesium-Metal Anode by using a Perfluorinated Alkoxide-Based All-Magnesium Salt Electrolyte. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203783. [PMID: 35657273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Passivation of the Mg anode surface in conventional electrolytes constitutes a critical issue for practical Mg batteries. In this work, a perfluorinated tert-butoxide magnesium salt, Mg(pftb)2 , is codissolved with MgCl2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form an all-magnesium salt electrolyte. Raman spectroscopy and density function theory calculation confirm that [Mg2 Cl3 ·6THF]+ [Mg(pftb)3 ]- is the main electrochemically active species of the electrolyte. The proper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the [Mg(pftb)3 ]- anion enables in situ formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Mg anodes. A detailed analysis of the SEI reveals that its stability originates from a dual-layered organic/inorganic hybrid structure. Mg//Cu and Mg//Mg cells using the electrolyte achieve a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 3000 cycles, and low overpotentials over ultralong-cycle lives of 8100, 3000, and 1500 h at current densities of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mA cm-2 , respectively. The robust SEI layer, once formed on a Mg electrode, is also shown highly effective in suppressing side-reactions in a TFSI- -containing electrolyte. A high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 800 cycles is also demonstrated for a Mg//Mo6 S8 full cell, showing great promise of the SEI forming electrolyte in future Mg batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xuanzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yipeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ludi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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