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Ghevondyan D, Soghomonyan T, Hovhannisyan P, Margaryan A, Paloyan A, Birkeland NK, Antranikian G, Panosyan H. Detergent-resistant α-amylase derived from Anoxybacillus karvacharensis K1 and its production based on whey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12682. [PMID: 38830978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of biotechnology, the utilization of agro-industrial waste for generating high-value products, such as microbial biomass and enzymes, holds significant importance. This study aimed to produce recombinant α-amylase from Anoxybacillus karvacharensis strain K1, utilizing whey as an useful growth medium. The purified hexahistidine-tagged α-amylase exhibited remarkable homogeneity, boasting a specific activity of 1069.2 U mg-1. The enzyme displayed its peak activity at 55 °C and pH 6.5, retaining approximately 70% of its activity even after 3 h of incubation at 55 °C. Its molecular weight, as determined via SDS-PAGE, was approximately 69 kDa. The α-amylase demonstrated high activity against wheat starch (1648.8 ± 16.8 U mg-1) while exhibiting comparatively lower activity towards cyclodextrins and amylose (≤ 200.2 ± 16.2 U mg-1). It exhibited exceptional tolerance to salt, withstanding concentrations of up to 2.5 M. Interestingly, metal ions and detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton 100, Triton 40, and Tween 80, 5,5'-dithio-bis-[2-nitrobenzoic acid (DNTB), β-mercaptoethanol (ME), and dithiothreitol (DTT) had no significant inhibitory effect on the enzyme's activity, and the presence of CaCl2 (2 mM) even led to a slight activation of the recombinant enzyme (1.4 times). The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction rate (Vmax), were determined using soluble starch as a substrate, yielding values of 1.2 ± 0.19 mg mL-1 and 1580.3 ± 183.7 μmol mg-1 protein min-1, respectively. Notably, the most favorable conditions for biomass and recombinant α-amylase production were achieved through the treatment of acid whey with β-glucosidase for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ghevondyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Biology Faculty, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tigran Soghomonyan
- Laboratory of Protein Technologies, Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 0056, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Pargev Hovhannisyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Armine Margaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Biology Faculty, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Paloyan
- Laboratory of Protein Technologies, Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, 0056, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Nils-Kåre Birkeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Center of Biobased Solutions (CBBS), Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hovik Panosyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Biology Faculty, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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2
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Ben Hadj Hmida B, Ben Mabrouk S, Fendri A, Hmida-Sayari A, Sayari A. Optimization of newly isolated Bacillus cereus α-amylase production using orange peels and crab shells and application in wastewater treatment. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:119. [PMID: 38524238 PMCID: PMC10959860 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated amylolytic strain was identified as Bacillus cereus spH1 based on 16S and 16-23S gene sequencing (Accession numbers OP811441.1 and OP819558, respectively), optimization strategies, using one variable at time (OVAT) and Plackett-Burman design, were employed to improve the alpha-amylase (α-amylase) production. Condition inferred revealed that the optimal physical parameters for maximum enzyme production were 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 12 h of incubation, using tryptone, malt extract, orange (Citrus sinensis) peels, crab (Portunus segnis) shells, calcium, and sodium chloride (NaCl) as culture medium. The full factorial design (FFD) model was observed to possess a predicted R2 and adjusted R2 values of 0.9788 and 0.9862, respectively, and it can effectively predict the response variables (p = 0). Following such efforts, α-amylase activity was increased 141.6-folds, ranging from 0.06 to 8.5 U/mL. The ideal temperature and pH for the crude enzyme activity were 65 °C and 7.5, respectively. The enzyme exhibited significant stability, with residual activity over 90% at 55 °C. The maltose was the only product generated during the starch hydrolysis. Moreover, the Bacillus cereus spH1 strain and its α-amylase were used in the treatment of effluents from the pasta industry. Germination index percentages of 143% and 139% were achieved when using the treated effluent with α-amylase and the strain, respectively. This work proposes the valorization of agro-industrial residues to improve enzyme production and to develop a green and sustainable approach that holds great promise for environmental and economic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouthaina Ben Hadj Hmida
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases (LBGEL), ENIS, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases (LBGEL), ENIS, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases (LBGEL), ENIS, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d’Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases (LBGEL), ENIS, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 23890 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Joshi D, Patel H, Suthar S, Patel DH, Kikani BA. Evaluation of the efficiency of thermostable L-asparaginase from B. licheniformis UDS-5 for acrylamide mitigation during preparation of French fries. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:92. [PMID: 38345704 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A thermostable L-asparaginase was produced from Bacillus licheniformis UDS-5 (GenBank accession number, OP117154). The production conditions were optimized by the Plackett Burman method, followed by the Box Behnken method, where the enzyme production was enhanced up to fourfold. It secreted L-asparaginase optimally in the medium, pH 7, containing 0.5% (w/v) peptone, 1% (w/v) sodium chloride, 0.15% (w/v) beef extract, 0.15% (w/v) yeast extract, 3% (w/v) L-asparagine at 50 °C for 96 h. The enzyme, with a molecular weight of 85 kDa, was purified by ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography with better purification fold and percent yield. It displayed optimal catalysis at 70 °C in 20 mM Tris-Cl buffer, pH 8. The purified enzyme also exhibited significant salt tolerance too, making it a suitable candidate for the food application. The L-asparaginase was employed at different doses to evaluate its ability to mitigate acrylamide, while preparing French fries without any prior treatment. The salient attributes of B. licheniformis UDS-5 L-asparaginase, such as greater thermal stability, salt stability and acrylamide reduction in starchy foods, highlights its possible application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Harsh Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Sadikhusain Suthar
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India
| | - Darshan H Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India.
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388 421, India.
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4
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Ashok PP, Dasgupta D, Ray A, Suman SK. Challenges and prospects of microbial α-amylases for industrial application: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:44. [PMID: 38114825 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylases are essential biocatalysts representing a billion-dollar market with significant long-term global demand. They have varied applications ranging from detergent, textile, and food sectors such as bakery to, more recently, biofuel industries. Microbial α-amylases have distinct advantages over their plant and animal counterparts owing to generally good activities and better stability at temperature and pH extremes. With the scope of applications expanding, the need for new and improved α-amylases is ever-growing. However, scaling up microbial α-amylase technology from the laboratory to industry for practical applications is impeded by several issues, ranging from mass transfer limitations, low enzyme yields, and energy-intensive product recovery that adds to high production costs. This review highlights the major challenges and prospects for the production of microbial α-amylases, considering the various avenues of industrial bioprocessing such as culture-independent approaches, nutrient optimization, bioreactor operations with design improvements, and product down-streaming approaches towards developing efficient α-amylases with high activity and recyclability. Since the sequence and structure of the enzyme play a crucial role in modulating its functional properties, we have also tried to analyze the structural composition of microbial α-amylase as a guide to its thermodynamic properties to identify the areas that can be targeted for enhancing the catalytic activity and thermostability of the enzyme through varied immobilization or selective enzyme engineering approaches. Also, the utilization of inexpensive and renewable substrates for enzyme production to isolate α-amylases with non-conventional applications has been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Pratima Ashok
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Anjan Ray
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sunil K Suman
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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5
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da Rosa DF, Macedo AJ. The genus Anoxybacillus: an emerging and versatile source of valuable biotechnological products. Extremophiles 2023; 27:22. [PMID: 37584877 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic and alkaliphilic microorganisms are unique organisms that possess remarkable survival strategies, enabling them to thrive on a diverse range of substrates. Anoxybacillus, a genus of thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria, encompasses 24 species and 2 subspecies. In recent years, extensive research has unveiled the diverse array of thermostable enzymes within this relatively new genus, holding significant potential for industrial and environmental applications. The biomass of Anoxybacillus has demonstrated promising results in bioremediation techniques, while the recently discovered metabolites have exhibited potential in medicinal experiments. This review aims to provide an overview of the key experimental findings related to the biotechnological applications utilizing bacteria from the Anoxybacillus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisiane Fernanda da Rosa
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana (LABDIM), Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Laboratório de Diversidade Microbiana (LABDIM), Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
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6
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Omeroglu MA, Baltaci MO, Adiguzel A. Anoxybacillus: an overview of a versatile genus with recent biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:139. [PMID: 36995480 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillaceae family members are considered to be a good source of microbial factories for biotechnological processes. In contrast to Bacillus and Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus, which would be thermophilic and spore-forming group of bacteria, is a relatively new genus firstly proposed in the year of 2000. The development of thermostable microbial enzymes, waste management and bioremediation processes would be a crucial parameter in the industrial sectors. There has been increasing interest in Anoxybacillus strains for biotechnological applications. Therefore, various Anoxybacillus strains isolated from different habitats have been explored and identified for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as enzyme production, bioremediation and biodegradation of toxic compounds. Certain strains have ability to produce exopolysaccharides possessing biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer. This current review provides past and recent discoveries regarding Anoxybacillus strains and their potential biotechnological applications in enzyme industry, environmental processes and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Omeroglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25400, Turkey.
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7
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Kikani BA, Suthar S, Joshi D. Nanomaterials: An efficient support to immobilize microbial α–amylases for improved starch hydrolysis. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh A. Kikani
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology CHARUSAT Campus Changa – 388 421 Gujarat India
| | - Sadikhusain Suthar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology CHARUSAT Campus Changa – 388 421 Gujarat India
| | - Disha Joshi
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology CHARUSAT Campus Changa – 388 421 Gujarat India
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8
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Kikani BA, Singh SP. Amylases from thermophilic bacteria: structure and function relationship. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:325-341. [PMID: 34420464 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1940089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amylases hydrolyze starch to diverse products including dextrins and progressively smaller polymers of glucose units. Thermally stable amylases account for nearly 25% of the enzyme market. This review highlights the structural attributes of the α-amylases from thermophilic bacteria. Heterologous expression of amylases in suitable hosts is discussed in detail. Further, specific value maximization approaches, such as protein engineering and immobilization of the amylases are discussed in order to improve its suitability for varied applications on a commercial scale. The review also takes into account of the immobilization of the amylases on nanomaterials to increase the stability and reusability of the enzymes. The function-based metagenomics would provide opportunities for searching amylases with novel characteristics. The review is expected to explore novel amylases for future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh A Kikani
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India.,P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
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9
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Kherouf M, Habbeche A, Benamia F, Saoudi B, Kerouaz B, Ladjama A. Statistical optimization of a novel extracellular alkaline and thermostable amylase production from thermophilic Actinomadura keratinilytica sp. Cpt29 and its potential application in detergent industry. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Rathore DS, Singh SP. Kinetics of growth and co-production of amylase and protease in novel marine actinomycete, Streptomyces lopnurensis KaM5. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:303-316. [PMID: 33404954 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amylases and proteases are among the industrially most important enzymes for food processing, animal feed, brewing, starch processing, detergents, healthcare, leather processing, and biofuel production. In this study, we investigated the growth kinetics and statistically optimized the co-production of amylase and protease in a phylogenetically novel haloalkaliphilic actinomycete, Streptomyces lopnurensis KaM5 of seawater. The Plackett-Berman design using Minitab 14.0 software was employed to assess the impact of the nutritional factors, temperature, pH, and incubation time. Further, starch, yeast extract, NaCl concentrations, and incubation time were optimized by Box-Behnken design at their three levels. The Pareto charts, contour, surface plots, and individual factorial analysis expressed the variability and levels for the optimal enzyme production. ANOVA analysis admitted the statistical fitness and significance level among the variables. A two-fold increase in enzyme production was achieved by cost-effective co-production media. The study was further extended to growth kinetics associated with enzyme production. Specific growth rate (μ), maximal cell mass (Xmax), volumetric product formation (Pmax), rate of product formation (Qp), and generation time (g) were computed and analyzed. These parameters significantly improved when compared with the pre-optimized conditions, and the production economics of the enzyme was industrially viable. The initial studies on the characteristics of the enzymes suggested its ability to function under the combination of alkaline pH and high salt concentrations. The co-production of enzymes from extremophiles can be a potentially viable option for large-scale production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalip Singh Rathore
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Soy S, Nigam VK, Sharma SR. Enhanced production and biochemical characterization of a thermostable amylase from thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus icigianus BITSNS038. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.2002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snehi Soy
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nigam
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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12
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Desai RP, Dave D, Suthar SA, Shah S, Ruparelia N, Kikani BA. Immobilization of α-amylase on GO-magnetite nanoparticles for the production of high maltose containing syrup. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:228-238. [PMID: 33338531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Robust amylases with stability and catalysis at multitude of extremities are the need of an hour. Enzyme immobilization may prove beneficial at commercial scale to achieve such attributes. In the present study, a commercially available amylase was immobilized on graphene oxide (GO) - magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles through covalent bonding. The structural and morphological characterizations were conducted by XRD, SEM and TEM. Further, FTIR and TGA confirmed the interaction between amylase, GO and nanoparticles. The variables, such as concentrations of GO (1.3 mg), Fe3O4 (58 μg), and amylase (4.5 mg) were optimized by the response surface methodology using central composite design. High loading capacity of 77.58 μg amylase over 1 μg GO-magnetite nanoparticles was achieved under optimum conditions. Biochemically, the pH optimum remained unaltered, i.e., pH 7, whereas, the alkalitolerance was increased by ~20% in relative activities upon immobilization. The half-life of soluble amylase was 13 h, which enhanced to 20 h upon immobilization in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7 at 50 °C. Besides, the thermodynamic parameters supported the stability trends. The immobilized amylase could be used for 11 subsequent cycles. The mentioned attributes and the dextrose equivalent values during the production of high maltose containing syrup highlighted its commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha P Desai
- Department of Physical Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Dolly Dave
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Sadikhusain A Suthar
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Ruparelia
- Department of Physical Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavtosh A Kikani
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Matpan Bekler F, Güven K, Gül Güven R. Purification and characterization of novel α-amylase from Anoxybacillus ayderensis FMB1. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1856097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Matpan Bekler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Kemal Güven
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Gül Güven
- Department of Science Teaching, Faculty of Education, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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14
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Timilsina PM, Pandey GR, Shrestha A, Ojha M, Karki TB. Purification and characterization of a noble thermostable algal starch liquefying alpha-amylase from Aeribacillus pallidus BTPS-2 isolated from geothermal spring of Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00551. [PMID: 33240796 PMCID: PMC7674295 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A thermophilic strain, Aeribacillus pallidus BTPS-2 was isolated from Bhurung geothermal spring of Nepal. The 16 s rRNA sequence showed 99.8 % similarity with the type strain Aeribacillus pallidus DSM 3670. The morphological, physiological and biochemical properties were similar to the type strain. Alpha-amylase from A. pallidus BTPS-2 was purified to 19-fold purification by DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography. The Km value of amylase on starch was 0.51 ± 0.05 mg/mL. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 70 °C. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a single band at 100 kDa. The half-life of the enzyme at 80 °C was 2.81 h. The enzyme showed an inhibitory effect in the presence of Fe2+, Pb2+, Sn2+ and Hg2+ at 10 mM concentrations. TLC analysis showed that the enzyme is a liquifying alpha-amylase. The enzyme reduced the viscosity of algal biomass suspension up to 74.2 ± 0.17 % which was more efficient than Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (80.5 ± 0.2 %).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyanu Raj Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 6250, Nepal.,Biotechnological Research and Developmental Center, Bharatpur, Chitwan, 44200, Nepal
| | - Asmita Shrestha
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 6250, Nepal.,Biotechnological Research and Developmental Center, Bharatpur, Chitwan, 44200, Nepal
| | - Manish Ojha
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 6250, Nepal
| | - Tika Bahadur Karki
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, 6250, Nepal
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Akanbi TO, Ji D, Agyei D. Revisiting the scope and applications of food enzymes from extremophiles. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13475. [PMID: 32996180 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms from extreme environments tend to undergo various adaptations due to environmental conditions such as extreme pH, temperature, salinity, heavy metals, and solvents. Thus, they produce enzymes with unique properties and high specificity, making them useful industrially, particularly in the food industries. Despite these enzymes' remarkable properties, only a few instances can be reported for actual exploitation in the food industry. This review's objectives are to highlight the properties of these enzymes and their prospects in the food industry. First, an introduction to extremophilic organisms is presented, followed by the categories and application of food enzymes from extremophiles. Then, the unique structural features of extremozymes are shown. This review also covers the prospective applications of extremozymes in the food industry in a broader sense, including degradation of toxins, deconstruction of polymers into monomers, and catalysis of multistep processes. Finally, the challenges in bioprocessing of extremozymes and applications in food are presented. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Enzymes are important players in food processing and preservation. Extremozymes, by their nature, are ideal for a broad range of food processing applications, particularly those that require process conditions of extreme pH, temperature, and salinity. As the global food industry grows, so too will grow the need to research and develop food products that are diverse, safe, healthy, and nutritious. There is also the need to produce food in a sustainable way that generates less waste or maximizes waste valorization. We anticipate that extremozymes can meet some of the research and development needs of the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Akanbi
- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawei Ji
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Tarrahimofrad H, Meimandipour A, Arjmand S, Beigi Nassiri M, Jahangirian E, Tavana H, Zamani J, Rahimnahal S, Aminzadeh S. Structural and biochemical characterization of a novel thermophilic Coh01147 protease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234958. [PMID: 32574185 PMCID: PMC7310833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases play an essential role in living organisms and represent one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes. The aim of this work was recombinant production and characterization of a newly identified thermostable protease 1147 from thermophilum indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that protease 1147 is closely related to the cysteine proteases from DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, with the conserved catalytic tetrad. Structural prediction using MODELLER 9v7 indicated that protease 1147 has an overall α/β sandwich tertiary structure. The gene of protease 1147 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The recombinant protease 1147 appeared as a homogenous band of 18 kDa in SDS-PAGE, which was verified by western blot and zymography. The recombinant protein was purified with a yield of approximately 88% in a single step using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Furthermore, a rapid one-step thermal shock procedure was successfully implemented to purify the protein with a yield of 73%. Using casein as the substrate, Km, and kcat, kcat/Km values of 13.72 mM, 3.143 × 10−3 (s-1), and 0.381 (M-1 S-1) were obtained, respectively. The maximum protease activity was detected at pH = 7 and 60°C with the inactivation rate constant (kin) of 2.10 × 10–3 (m-1), and half-life (t1/2) of 330.07 min. Protease 1147 exhibited excellent stability to organic solvent, metal ions, and 1% SDS. The protease activity was significantly enhanced by Tween 20 and Tween 80 and suppressed by cysteine protease specific inhibitors. Docking results and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that Tween 20 interacted with protease 1147 via hydrogen bonds and made the structure more stable. CD and fluorescence spectra indicated structural changes taking place at 100°C, very basic and acidic pH, and in the presence of Tween 20. These properties make this newly characterized protease a potential candidate for various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Amir Meimandipour
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Beigi Nassiri
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jahangirian
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States of America
| | - Javad Zamani
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Rahimnahal
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University Khouzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Bioprocess Engineering Group, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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