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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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Gu J, Ding B. Cross-talk of pyroptosis-based subtypes, the development of a risk classifier and immune responses in cervical cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3566. [PMID: 37469224 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecology malignancies and has a dismal survival outcome. The prognostic value of pyroptosis and its role in the regulation of immune metabolism in CC remain unclear. METHODS Two independent CC cohorts collected from public databases were integrated for unsupervised cluster analysis. All CC cases were assigned to different subsets based on the pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different subclusters were included in stepwise Cox regression for the risk classifier establishment. Next, single-cell sequencing analysis was conducted to explore the cellular location of each model gene. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to estimate immunocytes infiltration. Finally, a series of functional experiments were performed to detect the role of CDH3 in CC. RESULTS Based on the 52 PRGs, the combined CC cohort was clustered into two subsets (C1 (n = 259) and C2 (n = 242)). Survival and Cox regression methods were used to create a pyroptosis-based risk classifier including four PRGs (PEG3, FSCN1, CDH3 and SLC2A1). For the immune environment in CC, the high-risk group had a lower infiltration level of B cells, memory-activated CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells and a higher infiltration abundance of neutrophils. The expression pattern of model genes was confirmed in CC cell lines by PCR assay. Furthermore, we observed that knockdown of CDH3 could suppress CC cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our project could offer promising reference for prognosis assessment, immune metabolism prediction and clinical decision-making of patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Fonseca I, Horta C, Ribeiro AS, Sousa B, Marteil G, Bettencourt-Dias M, Paredes J. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) potentiates anoikis-resistance of p53KO mammary epithelial cells by inducing a hybrid EMT phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:133. [PMID: 36797240 PMCID: PMC9935921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), the major regulator of centriole biogenesis, has emerged as a putative therapeutic target in cancer due to its abnormal expression in human carcinomas, leading to centrosome number deregulation, mitotic defects and chromosomal instability. Moreover, Plk4 deregulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. Here, we further investigate the role of Plk4 in carcinogenesis and show that its overexpression significantly potentiates resistance to cell death by anoikis of nontumorigenic p53 knock-out (p53KO) mammary epithelial cells. Importantly, this effect is independent of Plk4's role in centrosome biogenesis, suggesting that this kinase has additional cellular functions. Interestingly, the Plk4-induced anoikis resistance is associated with the induction of a stable hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and is partially dependent on P-cadherin upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the conditioned media of Plk4-induced p53KO mammary epithelial cells also induces anoikis resistance of breast cancer cells in a paracrine way, being also partially dependent on soluble P-cadherin secretion. Our work shows, for the first time, that high expression levels of Plk4 induce anoikis resistance of both mammary epithelial cells with p53KO background, as well as of breast cancer cells exposed to their secretome, which is partially mediated through P-cadherin upregulation. These results reinforce the idea that Plk4, independently of its role in centrosome biogenesis, functions as an oncogene, by impacting the tumor microenvironment to promote malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fonseca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cíntia Horta
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
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Faria L, Canato S, Jesus TT, Gonçalves M, Guerreiro PS, Lopes CS, Meireles I, Morais-de-Sá E, Paredes J, Janody F. Activation of an actin signaling pathway in pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells by P-cadherin is essential for transformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049652. [PMID: 36808468 PMCID: PMC9983776 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression or function of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in all steps of tumor progression. Among those, P-cadherin is highly enriched in basal-like breast carcinomas, playing a central role in cancer cell self-renewal, collective cell migration and invasion. To establish a clinically relevant platform for functional exploration of P-cadherin effectors in vivo, we generated a humanized P-cadherin Drosophila model. We report that actin nucleators, Mrtf and Srf, are main P-cadherin effectors in fly. We validated these findings in a human mammary epithelial cell line with conditional activation of the SRC oncogene. We show that, prior to promoting malignant phenotypes, SRC induces a transient increase in P-cadherin expression, which correlates with MRTF-A accumulation, its nuclear translocation and the upregulation of SRF target genes. Moreover, knocking down P-cadherin, or preventing F-actin polymerization, impairs SRF transcriptional activity. Furthermore, blocking MRTF-A nuclear translocation hampers proliferation, self-renewal and invasion. Thus, in addition to sustaining malignant phenotypes, P-cadherin can also play a major role in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis by promoting a transient boost of MRTF-A-SRF signaling through actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Faria
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Master Programme in Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Canato
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Physiology and Cancer Program, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tito T. Jesus
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia S. Guerreiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Vector B2B - Drug Developing - Associação Para Investigação em Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Lopes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Meireles
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Florence Janody
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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Pinto MT, Ribeiro AS, Paredes J. The Chick CAM as an In Vivo System to Study Stem Cell Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2572:155-166. [PMID: 36161415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2703-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), an extensively vascularized extraembryonic membrane, has been widely used to study several aspects of tumor development including tumor-induced angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. Based on the tumor cell/CAM system, we focused here on the identification and quantification of cancer stem cells. We validated the CAM model as a suitable model to evaluate stem cell activity in a given mixed cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Teixeira Pinto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- In Vivo CAM Assays Scientific Platform, i3S, Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- In Vivo CAM Assays Scientific Platform, i3S, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Xu H, Zhang F, Gao X, Zhou Q, Zhu L. Fate decisions of breast cancer stem cells in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968306. [PMID: 36046046 PMCID: PMC9420991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a marked recurrence and metastatic trait and is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women’s health worldwide. Tumor initiation and progression begin after the cell goes from a quiescent to an activated state and requires different mechanisms to act in concert to regulate t a specific set of spectral genes for expression. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to initiate and drive tumorigenesis due to their capability of self-renew and differentiate. In addition, CSCs are believed to be capable of causing resistance to anti-tumor drugs, recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, exploring the origin, regulatory mechanisms and ultimate fate decision of CSCs in breast cancer outcomes has far-reaching clinical implications for the development of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC)-targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will highlight the contribution of BCSCs to breast cancer and explore the internal and external factors that regulate the fate of BCSCs.
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity Induced by Discontinuous Exposure to TGFβ1 Promotes Tumour Growth. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071046. [PMID: 36101425 PMCID: PMC9312510 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this manuscript, we used a non-genetically manipulated EMT/MET cell line model to demonstrate that epithelial mesenchymal plasticity occurring in normal cells generates co-existing phenotypically and functionally divergent cell subpopulations which result in fast growing tumours in vivo. Abstract Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal cellular states (EMT/MET) contribute to cancer progression. We hypothesize that EMT followed by MET promotes cell population heterogeneity, favouring tumour growth. We developed an EMT model by on and off exposure of epithelial EpH4 cells (E-cells) to TGFβ1 that mimics phenotypic EMT (M-cells) and MET. We aimed at understanding whether phenotypic MET is accompanied by molecular and functional reversion back to epithelia by using RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence (IF), proliferation, wound healing, focus formation and mamosphere formation assays as well as cell xenografts in nude mice. Phenotypic reverted epithelial cells (RE-cells) obtained after MET induction presented epithelial morphologies and proliferation rates resembling E cells. However, the RE transcriptomic profile and IF staining of epithelial and mesenchymal markers revealed a uniquely heterogeneous mixture of cell subpopulations with a high self-renewal ability. RE cell heterogeneity was stably maintained for long periods after TGFβ1 removal both in vitro and in large tumours derived from the nude mice. Overall, we show that phenotypic reverted epithelial cells (RE cells) do not return to the molecular and functional epithelial state and present mesenchymal features related to aggressiveness and cellular heterogeneity that favour tumour growth in vivo. This work strengthens epithelial cell reprogramming and cellular heterogeneity fostered by inflammatory cues as a tumour growth-promoting factor in vivo.
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Breast Cancer Stem Cell Membrane Biomarkers: Therapy Targeting and Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060934. [PMID: 35326385 PMCID: PMC8946706 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Importantly, there have been significant improvements in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment options, which resulted in a significant decrease in breast cancer mortality rates. Nevertheless, the high rates of incidence combined with therapy resistance result in cancer relapse and metastasis, which still contributes to unacceptably high mortality of breast cancer patients. In this context, a small subpopulation of highly tumourigenic cancer cells within the tumour bulk, commonly designated as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), have been suggested as key elements in therapy resistance, which are responsible for breast cancer relapses and distant metastasis. Thus, improvements in BCSC-targeting therapies are crucial to tackling the metastatic progression and might allow therapy resistance to be overcome. However, the design of effective and specific BCSC-targeting therapies has been challenging since there is a lack of specific biomarkers for BCSCs, and the most common clinical approaches are designed for commonly altered BCSCs signalling pathways. Therefore, the search for a new class of BCSC biomarkers, such as the expression of membrane proteins with cancer stem cell potential, is an area of clinical relevance, once membrane proteins are accessible on the cell surface and easily recognized by specific antibodies. Here, we discuss the significance of BCSC membrane biomarkers as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets, reviewing the CSC-targeting therapies under clinical trials for breast cancer.
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Martins EP, Gonçalves CS, Pojo M, Carvalho R, Ribeiro AS, Miranda‐Gonçalves V, Taipa R, Pardal F, Pinto AA, Custódia C, Faria CC, Baltazar F, Sousa N, Paredes J, Costa BM. Cadherin‐3
is a novel oncogenic biomarker with prognostic value in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2611-2631. [PMID: 34919784 PMCID: PMC9297769 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients is very poor, with a median overall survival of ~ 15 months after diagnosis. Cadherin‐3 (also known as P‐cadherin), a cell–cell adhesion molecule encoded by the CDH3 gene, is deregulated in several cancer types, but its relevance in GBM is unknown. In this study, we investigated the functional roles, the associated molecular signatures, and the prognostic value of CDH3/P‐cadherin in this highly malignant brain tumor. CDH3/P‐cadherin mRNA and protein levels were evaluated in human glioma samples. Knockdown and overexpression models of P‐cadherin in GBM were used to evaluate its functional role in vitro and in vivo. CDH3‐associated gene signatures were identified by enrichment analyses and correlations. The impact of CDH3 in the survival of GBM patients was assessed in independent cohorts using both univariable and multivariable models. We found that P‐cadherin protein is expressed in a subset of gliomas, with an increased percentage of positive samples in grade IV tumors. Concordantly, CDH3 mRNA levels in glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database are increased in high‐grade gliomas. P‐cadherin displays oncogenic functions in multiple knockdown and overexpression GBM cell models by affecting cell viability, cell cycle, cell invasion, migration, and neurosphere formation capacity. Genes that were positively correlated with CDH3 are enriched for oncogenic pathways commonly activated in GBM. In vivo, GBM cells expressing high levels of P‐cadherin generate larger subcutaneous tumors and cause shorter survival of mice in an orthotopic intracranial model. Concomitantly, high CDH3 expression is predictive of shorter overall survival of GBM patients in independent cohorts. Together, our results show that CDH3/P‐cadherin expression is associated with aggressiveness features of GBM and poor patient prognosis, suggesting that it may be a novel therapeutic target for this deadly brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda P. Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Céline S. Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rita Carvalho
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
| | - Ana S. Ribeiro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda‐Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit Department of Neurosciences Centro Hospitalar do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Pardal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Braga 4710‐243 Braga Portugal
| | - Afonso A. Pinto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Braga 4710‐243 Braga Portugal
| | - Carlos Custódia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Neurosurgery Department Hospital de Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN) Lisbon Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710‐057 Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Ebrahimie E, Rahimirad S, Tahsili M, Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh M. Alternative RNA splicing in stem cells and cancer stem cells: Importance of transcript-based expression analysis. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1394-1416. [PMID: 34786151 PMCID: PMC8567453 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative ribonucleic acid (RNA) splicing can lead to the assembly of different protein isoforms with distinctive functions. The outcome of alternative splicing (AS) can result in a complete loss of function or the acquisition of new functions. There is a gap in knowledge of abnormal RNA splice variants promoting cancer stem cells (CSCs), and their prospective contribution in cancer progression. AS directly regulates the self-renewal features of stem cells (SCs) and stem-like cancer cells. Notably, octamer-binding transcription factor 4A spliced variant of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 contributes to maintaining stemness properties in both SCs and CSCs. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway regulates the AS events in CSCs to maintain stemness. The alternative spliced variants of CSCs markers, including cluster of differentiation 44, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and doublecortin-like kinase, α6β1 integrin, have pivotal roles in increasing self-renewal properties and maintaining the pluripotency of CSCs. Various splicing analysis tools are considered in this study. LeafCutter software can be considered as the best tool for differential splicing analysis and identification of the type of splicing events. Additionally, LeafCutter can be used for efficient mapping splicing quantitative trait loci. Altogether, the accumulating evidence re-enforces the fact that gene and protein expression need to be investigated in parallel with alternative splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia
- La Trobe Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia,
| | - Samira Rahimirad
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
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11
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An JS, Moon JH, Kim C, No JK, Eun YG, Chang Lim Y. Integrin alpha 6 as a stemness driver is a novel promising target for HPV (+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112815. [PMID: 34496296 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection have recently been on the rise, the underlying mechanism of its tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether HNSCC cells with high expression of integrin alpha 6 (ITGα6), one of the HPV receptors, have a preference during HPV infection. In addition, we examined the gain or loss of function of the ITGα6 gene in HPV + ve HNSCC cells, as well as its prognostic value in patients with HNSCC. HPV pseudovirus was found to be more infective, with HNSCC cells featuring an overexpressed ITGα6 gene compared to the control cells. Overexpression and suppression of ITGα6 respectively increases and decreases stemness phenotypes of HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Furthermore, ITGα6 can regulate stemness by partially mediating AKT pathway in HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Finally, patients with HPV + ve HNSCC had a poor prognosis in cases of elevated ITGα6 expression; however, the expression levels of ITGα6 did not influence the survival rates of HPV-negative HNSCC patients. In conclusion, ITGα6 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for HPV + ve HNSCC cancer-like stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seol An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chayeon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung No
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Parker KA, Gooding AJ, Valadkhan S, Schiemann WP. lncRNA BORG:TRIM28 Complexes Drive Metastatic Progression by Inducing α6 Integrin/CD49f Expression in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2068-2080. [PMID: 34497119 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with its aggressive phenotype being attributed to chemotherapy resistance, metastatic dissemination, and rapid disease recurrence. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are significant contributors to tumor initiation, as well as to the acquisition of aggressive tumorigenic phenotypes, namely due to their ability to self-replicate and to produce heterogeneous differentiated tumor cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms that drive BCSC tumorigenicity in TNBC, we identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) B MP/ O P- R esponsive G ene (BORG) as an enhancer of BCSC phenotypes. Indeed, we found BORG expression to: (i) correlate with stem cell markers Nanog, Aldh1a3, and Itga6 (α6 integrin/CD49f); (ii) enhance stem cell phenotypes in murine and human TNBC cells, and (iii) promote TNBC tumor initiation in mice. Mechanistically, BORG promoted BCSC phenotypes through its ability to interact physically with the E3 SUMO ligase TRIM28. Moreover, TRIM28 binding was observed in the promoter region of Itga6, whose genetic inactivation prevented BORG:TRIM28 complexes from: (i) inducing BCSC self-renewal and expansion in vitro, and (ii) eliciting BCSC metastatic outgrowth in the lungs of mice. Collectively, these findings implicate BORG:TRIM28 complexes as novel drivers of BCSC phenotypes in developing and progressing TNBCs. IMPLICATIONS: This work establishes the lncRNA BORG as a driver of BCSC phenotypes and the aggressive behaviors of TNBCs, events critically dependent upon the formation of BORG:TRIM28 complexes and expression of α6 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex J Gooding
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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13
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Sheng Q, D'Alessio JA, Menezes DL, Karim C, Tang Y, Tam A, Clark S, Ying C, Connor A, Mansfield KG, Rondeau JM, Ghoddusi M, Geyer FC, Gu J, McLaughlin ME, Newcombe R, Elliot G, Tschantz WR, Lehmann S, Fanton CP, Miller K, Huber T, Rendahl KG, Jeffry U, Pryer NK, Lees E, Kwon P, Abraham JA, Damiano JS, Abrams TJ. PCA062, a P-cadherin Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Displays Potent Antitumor Activity Against P-cadherin-expressing Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1270-1282. [PMID: 33879555 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein P-cadherin is highly expressed in a number of malignancies, including those arising in the epithelium of the bladder, breast, esophagus, lung, and upper aerodigestive system. PCA062 is a P-cadherin specific antibody-drug conjugate that utilizes the clinically validated SMCC-DM1 linker payload to mediate potent cytotoxicity in cell lines expressing high levels of P-cadherin in vitro, while displaying no specific activity in P-cadherin-negative cell lines. High cell surface P-cadherin is necessary, but not sufficient, to mediate PCA062 cytotoxicity. In vivo, PCA062 demonstrated high serum stability and a potent ability to induce mitotic arrest. In addition, PCA062 was efficacious in clinically relevant models of P-cadherin-expressing cancers, including breast, esophageal, and head and neck. Preclinical non-human primate toxicology studies demonstrated a favorable safety profile that supports clinical development. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal that expression of the multidrug-resistant gene ABCC1 and the lysosomal transporter SLC46A3 differentially impact tumor cell sensitivity to PCA062. The preclinical data presented here suggest that PCA062 may have clinical value for treating patients with multiple cancer types including basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel L Menezes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Karim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Tang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Tam
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanna Clark
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chi Ying
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anu Connor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith G Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Majid Ghoddusi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jane Gu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rick Newcombe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christie P Fanton
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy Miller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Huber
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ursula Jeffry
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy K Pryer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Kwon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Judith A Abraham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason S Damiano
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tinya J Abrams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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14
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Chakraborty P, George JT, Woodward WA, Levine H, Jolly MK. Gene expression profiles of inflammatory breast cancer reveal high heterogeneity across the epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal spectrum. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101026. [PMID: 33535154 PMCID: PMC7851345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
No unique genome signature or molecular therapy exists for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a highly aggressive breast cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. We show that various gene lists proposed as molecular footprints of IBC have no overlap and thus very limited predictive accuracy in identifying IBC samples. We observed that single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of IBC samples along the epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal spectrum can help IBC identification. IBC samples robustly displayed a higher coefficient of variation in terms of EMT scores, as compared to non-IBC samples. Higher heterogeneity along the epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal spectrum can be regarded to be a hallmark of IBC and a possibly useful biomarker.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer that metastasizes largely via tumor emboli, and has a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. No unique genomic signature has yet been identified for IBC nor has any specific molecular therapeutic been developed to manage the disease. Thus, identifying gene expression signatures specific to IBC remains crucial. Here, we compare various gene lists that have been proposed as molecular footprints of IBC using different clinical samples as training and validation sets and using independent training algorithms, and determine their accuracy in identifying IBC samples in three independent datasets. We show that these gene lists have little to no mutual overlap, and have limited predictive accuracy in identifying IBC samples. Despite this inconsistency, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) of IBC samples correlate with their position on the epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal spectrum. This positioning, together with ssGSEA scores, improves the accuracy of IBC identification across the three independent datasets. Finally, we observed that IBC samples robustly displayed a higher coefficient of variation in terms of EMT scores, as compared to non-IBC samples. Pending verification that this patient-to-patient variability extends to intratumor heterogeneity within a single patient, these results suggest that higher heterogeneity along the epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal spectrum can be regarded to be a hallmark of IBC and a possibly useful biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Departments of Physics and Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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15
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The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New In Vivo Tool to Evaluate Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010334. [PMID: 33396951 PMCID: PMC7795925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high plasticity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) allows them to differentiate and proliferate, specifically when xenotransplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. CSCs are highly tumorigenic, even when inoculated in small numbers. Thus, in vivo limiting dilution assays (LDA) in mice are the current gold standard method to evaluate CSC enrichment and activity. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a low cost, naturally immune-incompetent and reproducible model widely used to evaluate the spontaneous growth of human tumor cells. Here, we established a CAM-LDA assay able to rapidly reproduce tumor specificities—in particular, the ability of the small population of CSCs to form tumors. We used a panel of organotropic metastatic breast cancer cells, which show an enrichment in a stem cell gene signature, enhanced CD44+/CD24−/low cell surface expression and increased mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE). The size of CAM-xenografted tumors correlate with the number of inoculated cancer cells, following mice xenograft growth pattern. CAM and mice tumors are histologically comparable, displaying both breast CSC markers CD44 and CD49f. Therefore, we propose a new tool for studying CSC prevalence and function—the chick CAM-LDA—a model with easy handling, accessibility, rapid growth and the absence of ethical and regulatory constraints.
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16
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Mavingire N, Campbell P, Wooten J, Aja J, Davis MB, Loaiza-Perez A, Brantley E. Cancer stem cells: Culprits in endocrine resistance and racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:64-74. [PMID: 33309858 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote endocrine therapy (ET) resistance, also known as endocrine resistance in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Endocrine resistance occurs via mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. In vitro, in vivo and clinical data suggest that signaling cascades such as Notch, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and integrin/Akt promote BCSC-mediated endocrine resistance. Once HR positive breast cancer patients relapse on ET, targeted therapy agents such as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors are frequently implemented, though secondary resistance remains a threat. Here, we discuss Notch, HIF, and integrin/Akt pathway regulation of BCSC activity and potential strategies to target these pathways to counteract endocrine resistance. We also discuss a plausible link between elevated BCSC-regulatory gene levels and reduced survival observed among African American women with basal-like breast cancer which lacks HR expression. Should future studies reveal a similar link for patients with luminal breast cancer, then the use of agents that impede BCSC activity could prove highly effective in improving clinical outcomes among African American breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Petreena Campbell
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Wooten
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Joyce Aja
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital Network, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andrea Loaiza-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin, 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Eileen Brantley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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17
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Dionísio MR, Vieira AF, Carvalho R, Conde I, Oliveira M, Gomes M, Pinto MT, Pereira P, Pimentel J, Souza C, Marques MMC, Duval da Silva V, Barroso A, Preto D, Cameselle-Teijeiro JF, Schmitt F, Ribeiro AS, Paredes J. BR-BCSC Signature: The Cancer Stem Cell Profile Enriched in Brain Metastases that Predicts a Worse Prognosis in Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112442. [PMID: 33182375 PMCID: PMC7695320 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases remain an unmet clinical need in breast oncology, being frequently found in HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative carcinomas. These tumors were reported to be highly cancer stem-like cell-enriched, suggesting that brain metastases probably arise by the seeding of cancer cells with stem features. Accordingly, we found that brain-tropic breast cancer cells show increased stem cell activity and tumorigenic capacity in the chick embryo choriallantoic membrane when compared to the parental cell line. These observations were supported by a significant increase in their stem cell frequency and by the enrichment for the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotype CD44+CD24−/low. Based on this data, the expression of BCSC markers (CD44, CD49f, P-cadherin, EpCAM, and ALDH1) was determined and found to be significantly enriched in breast cancer brain metastases when compared to primary tumors. Therefore, a brain (BR)-BCSC signature was defined (3–5 BCSC markers), which showed to be associated with decreased brain metastases-free and overall survival. Interestingly, this signature significantly predicted a worse prognosis in lymph node-positive patients, acting as an independent prognostic factor. Thus, an enrichment of a BCSC signature was found in brain metastases, which can be used as a new prognostic factor in clinically challenging breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Dionísio
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - André F. Vieira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Carvalho
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Conde
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oliveira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Gomes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T. Pinto
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- In vivo CAM assays, i3S - Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pereira
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - José Pimentel
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Cristiano Souza
- Department of Breast and Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos-SP 14784-400, Brazil; (C.S.); (A.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Márcia M. C. Marques
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos-SP 14784-400, Brazil;
- Barretos School of Health Sciences - FACISB, Barretos-SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Alison Barroso
- Department of Breast and Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos-SP 14784-400, Brazil; (C.S.); (A.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniel Preto
- Department of Breast and Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos-SP 14784-400, Brazil; (C.S.); (A.B.); (D.P.)
| | | | - Fernando Schmitt
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC) group, i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.D.); (A.F.V.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (M.O.); (M.G.); (M.T.P.); (F.S.); (A.S.R.)
- IPATIMUP- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University (FMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-2557-0700
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18
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Marques R, Grilo LF, Pereira SP, Sardão VA, Schmitt F, Oliveira PJ, Paredes J. P-cadherin induces anoikis-resistance of matrix-detached breast cancer cells by promoting pentose phosphate pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165964. [PMID: 32920119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful metastatic spreading relies on cancer cells with stem-like properties, glycolytic metabolism and increased antioxidant protection, allowing them to escape anoikis and to survive in circulation. The expression of P-cadherin, a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, is associated with hypoxic, glycolytic and acidosis biomarkers. In agreement, P-cadherin-enriched breast cancer cell populations presents a glycolytic and an acid-resistance phenotype. Our aim was to evaluate whether P-cadherin expression controls the glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes of matrix-detached breast cancer cells, acting as an antioxidant and enhancing their survival in anchorage-independent conditions. By using matrix-detached breast cancer cells, we concluded that P-cadherin increases glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression, up-regulating the carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, while inhibiting pyruvate oxidation to acetyl-coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) activation. Accordingly, P-cadherin expression conferred increased sensitivity to dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor. P-cadherin expression also regulates oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells, through the control of antioxidant systems, such as catalase and superoxide dismutases (SOD)1 and 2, providing these cells with an increased resistance to doxorubicin-induced anoikis. Importantly, this association was validated in primary invasive breast carcinomas, where an enrichment of SOD2 was found in P-cadherin-overexpressing breast carcinomas. In conclusion, we propose that P-cadherin up-regulates carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and decreases oxidative stress in matrix-detached breast cancer cells. These metabolic remodeling and antioxidant roles of P-cadherin can promote the survival of breast cancer cells in circulation and in metastatic sites, being a possible player in breast cancer therapeutic resistance to pro-oxidant-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Marques
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Martignani E, Ala U, Sheehy PA, Thomson PC, Baratta M. Whole transcriptome analysis of bovine mammary progenitor cells by P-Cadherin enrichment as a marker in the mammary cell hierarchy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14183. [PMID: 32843665 PMCID: PMC7447765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult bovine mammary stem cells possess the ability to regenerate in vivo clonal outgrowths that mimic functional alveoli. Commonly available techniques that involve immunophenotype-based cell sorting yield cell fractions that are moderately enriched, far from being highly purified. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells segregated in four different populations according to the expression of P-Cadherin and CD49f. Sorted cells from each fraction were tested for the presence of lineage-restricted progenitors and stem cells. Only cells from the CD49fhigh/P-Cadherinneg subpopulation were able to give rise to both luminal- and myoepithelial-restricted colonies in vitro and generate organized outgrowths in vivo, which are hallmarks of stem cell activity. After whole transcriptome analysis, we found gene clusters to be differentially enriched that relate to cell-to-cell communication, metabolic processes, proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. When we analyzed only the genes that were differentially expressed in the stem cell enriched fraction, clusters of downregulated genes were related to proliferation, while among the upregulated expression, cluster of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton organization were observed. Our results show that P-Cadherin separates mammary subpopulations differentially in progenitor cells or mammary stem cells. Further we provide a comprehensive observation of the gene expression differences among these cell populations which reinforces the assumption that bovine mammary stem cells are typically quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - U Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - P A Sheehy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - P C Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Via Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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20
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Seachrist DD, Hannigan MM, Ingles NN, Webb BM, Weber-Bonk KL, Yu P, Bebek G, Singh S, Sizemore ST, Varadan V, Licatalosi DD, Keri RA. The transcriptional repressor BCL11A promotes breast cancer metastasis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11707-11719. [PMID: 32576660 PMCID: PMC7450125 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypes of each breast cancer subtype are defined by their transcriptomes. However, the transcription factors that regulate differential patterns of gene expression that contribute to specific disease outcomes are not well understood. Here, using gene silencing and overexpression approaches, RNA-Seq, and splicing analysis, we report that the transcription factor B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A) is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and drives metastatic disease. Moreover, BCL11A promotes cancer cell invasion by suppressing the expression of muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1 (MBNL1), a splicing regulator that suppresses metastasis. This ultimately increases the levels of an alternatively spliced isoform of integrin-α6 (ITGA6), which is associated with worse patient outcomes. These results suggest that BCL11A sustains TNBC cell invasion and metastatic growth by repressing MBNL1-directed splicing of ITGA6 Our findings also indicate that BCL11A lies at the interface of transcription and splicing and promotes aggressive TNBC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcie D Seachrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Molly M Hannigan
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Natasha N Ingles
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan M Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen L Weber-Bonk
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Salendra Singh
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard L. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinay Varadan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donny D Licatalosi
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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21
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Funase Y, Nakamura E, Kajita M, Saito Y, Oshikiri S, Kitano M, Tokura M, Hino A, Uehara T. Preclinical Characterization of the Radioimmunoconjugate 111In or 90Y-FF-21101 Against a P-Cadherin-Expressing Tumor in a Mouse Xenograft Model and a Nonhuman Primate. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:232-239. [PMID: 32737245 PMCID: PMC8679590 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is overexpressed in various cancers and can be a target for radioimmunotherapy. We investigated the preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of FF-21101, an 111In- or 90Y-conjugated monoclonal antibody against P-cadherin, to evaluate its clinical applications. Methods: The radiochemical purity, binding affinity, and in vitro serum stability of 111In or 90Y-labeled FF-21101 were evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of 111In or 90Y-FF-21101 were compared in normal mice. Tumor accumulation after 111In-FF-21101 administration was investigated in mice bearing subcutaneous tumors with high (NCI-H1373), moderate (EBC-1), or no (A549) P-cadherin expression. The tumor suppression effect after a single intravenous injection of 90Y-FF-21101 was assessed in NCI-H1373 and EBC-1 mouse xenograft models. The relationship between antibody dose and tumor accumulation was investigated in the NCI-H1373 mouse xenograft model. The absorbed radiation dose in humans after injection of 90Y-FF-21101 was estimated using γ-camera images of cynomolgus monkeys. Results: The radiochemical purities of 111In- and 90Y-FF-21101 were 98.2% ± 2.5% (n = 9) and 99.3% ± 0.6% (n = 5), respectively. The dissociation constants were 1.083 nM for 111In-FF-21101 and 1.367 nM for 90Y-FF-21101. Both 111In- and 90Y-FF-21101 were stable in human serum after 96 h of incubation and exhibited similar pharmacokinetics in normal mice. The tumor accumulation of 111In-FF-21101 was closely related to the intensity of P-cadherin expression in the cells. 90Y-FF-21101 showed significant tumor growth inhibition, indicating that NCI-H1373 and EBC-1 recurrence was not observed after intravenous administration of 3.7 and 7.4 MBq, respectively of 90Y-FF-21101 per animal. Tumor uptake in the mouse xenograft model and estimated absorbed radiation doses in the spleen of monkeys decreased with increasing antibody doses of 111In-FF-21101. Conversely, the estimated absorbed radiation dose in the red marrow increased with increasing antibody dose. An antibody dose of 4.8 mg/m2 was considered appropriate for humans, on the basis of efficacy and safety. The maximum tolerated administered activity of 90Y-FF-21101 was estimated to be 2,886 MBq/human. Conclusion: FF-21101 radioimmunotherapy exhibited high antitumor affinity and antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft models. Extrapolation of the pharmacokinetics in monkeys to humans suggests the potential for clinical application of FF-21101 for treating P-cadherin–expressing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Funase
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Eri Nakamura
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kajita
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Saito
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinobu Oshikiri
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Michi Kitano
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tokura
- Project Management Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- RI Research Department, Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and
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22
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Jariyal H, Gupta C, Srivastava A. Hyaluronic acid induction on breast cancer stem cells unfolds subtype specific variations in stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:1078-1089. [PMID: 32479949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reoccurrence of breast cancer is a major concern due to presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Considering the key role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in modulating the inflammation and cellular migration in cancer, the response of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) HA towards various subtypes of breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells remain elusive. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of exogenous HMW-HA and LMW-HA on stemness of CSCs and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition which may help in designing HA based therapeutic strategies. LMW-HA induces EMT in MCF-7 more prominently as compared to MDA-MB-231. However, HMW-HA did not show significant changes in the expression of EMT genes. Surprisingly, both HMW-HA and LMW-HA have shown to decrease the expression of EpCAM in MCF-7 cells and decrease the expression of CD44 in MDAMB-231 cells. HA has maintained the native stem cells phenotype of bCSCs isolated from MCF-7 only. The bCSCs isolated form MDAMB-231 showed a decrease in CD44. Luminal subtype has shown to follow Wnt/β-catenin whereas in the basal subtype localization of CD44 from surface to cytosol was observed in response to HA. Our study has demonstrated that bCSCs in luminal and basal cells follow differential intracellular signaling mechanisms in response to HA. This study could significantly influence the therapeutics involving HA in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Chanchal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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23
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Bigoni-Ordóñez GD, Czarnowski D, Parsons T, Madlambayan GJ, Villa-Diaz LG. Integrin α6 (CD49f), The Microenvironment and Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:428-436. [PMID: 30280675 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666181002151330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly prevalent and potentially terminal disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Here, we review the literature exploring the intricacies of stem cells bearing tumorigenic characteristics and collect evidence demonstrating the importance of integrin α6 (ITGA6, also known as CD49f) in cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. ITGA6 is commonly used to identify CSC populations in various tissues and plays an important role sustaining the self-renewal of CSCs by interconnecting them with the tumorigenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D Bigoni-Ordóñez
- Division de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Czarnowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Tyler Parsons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Gerard J Madlambayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
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24
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Increased expression of P-cadherin is an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:301-313. [PMID: 31664550 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Sousa B, Pereira J, Paredes J. The Crosstalk Between Cell Adhesion and Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1933. [PMID: 31010154 PMCID: PMC6515343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis over mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, and this metabolic reprogramming is currently recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Oncogenic signaling frequently converges with this metabolic shift, increasing cancer cells' ability to produce building blocks and energy, as well as to maintain redox homeostasis. Alterations in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion promote cancer cell invasion, intravasation, anchorage-independent survival in circulation, and extravasation, as well as homing in a distant organ. Importantly, during this multi-step metastatic process, cells need to induce metabolic rewiring, in order to produce the energy needed, as well as to impair oxidative stress. Although the individual implications of adhesion molecules and metabolic reprogramming in cancer have been widely explored over the years, the crosstalk between cell adhesion molecular machinery and metabolic pathways is far from being clearly understood, in both normal and cancer contexts. This review summarizes our understanding about the influence of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion in the metabolic behavior of cancer cells, with a special focus concerning the role of classical cadherins, such as Epithelial (E)-cadherin and Placental (P)-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Sousa B, Ribeiro AS, Paredes J. Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1139:83-103. [PMID: 31134496 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14366-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the conventional view of breast cancer as a homogeneous collection of highly proliferating malignant cells was totally replaced by a model of increased complexity, which points out that breast carcinomas are tissues composed of multiple populations of transformed cells. A large diversity of host cells and structural components of the extracellular matrix constitute the mammary tumour microenvironment, which supports its growth and progression, where individual cancer cells evolve with cumulative phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Moreover, contributing to this heterogeneity, it has been demonstrated that breast cancers can exhibit a hierarchical organization composed of tumour cells displaying divergent lineage biomarkers and where, at the apex of this hierarchy, some neoplastic cells are able to self-renew and to aberrantly differentiate. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), as they were entitled, not only drive tumourigenesis, but also mediate metastasis and contribute to therapy resistance.Recently, adding more complexity to the system, it has been demonstrated that BCSCs maintain high levels of plasticity, being able to change between mesenchymal-like and epithelial-like states in a process regulated by the tumour microenvironment. These stem cell state transitions play a fundamental role in the process of tumour metastasis, as well as in the resistance to putative therapeutic strategies to target these cells. In this chapter, it will be mainly discussed the emerging knowledge regarding the contribution of BCSCs to tumour heterogeneity, their plasticity, and the role that this plasticity can play in the establishment of distant metastasis. A major focus will also be given to potential clinical implications of these discoveries in breast cancer recurrence and to possible BCSC targeted therapeutics by the use of specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Sousa
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Ribeiro AS, Nobre AR, Mendes N, Almeida J, Vieira AF, Sousa B, Carvalho FA, Monteiro J, Polónia A, Fonseca M, Sanches JM, Santos NC, Seruca R, Paredes J. SRC inhibition prevents P-cadherin mediated signaling and function in basal-like breast cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:75. [PMID: 30404626 PMCID: PMC6223051 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a poor prognosis subgroup of triple-negative carcinomas that still lack specific target therapies and accurate biomarkers for treatment selection. P-cadherin is frequently overexpressed in these tumors, promoting cell invasion, stem cell activity and tumorigenesis by the activation of Src-Family kinase (SRC) signaling. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate if the treatment of BLBC cells with dasatinib, the FDA approved SRC inhibitor, would impact on P-cadherin induced tumor aggressive behavior. METHODS P-cadherin and SRC expression was evaluated in a series of invasive Breast Cancer and contingency tables and chi-square tests were performed. Cell-cell adhesion measurements were performed by Atomic Force Microscopy, where frequency histograms and Gaussian curves were applied. 2D and 3D cell migration and invasion, proteases secretion and self-renew potential were evaluated in vitro. Student's t-tests were used to determine statistically significant differences. The cadherin/catenin complex interactions were evaluated by in situ proximity-ligation assay, and statistically significant results were determined by using Mann-Whitney test with a Bonferroni correction. In vivo xenograft mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of dasatinib on tumor growth and survival. ANOVA test was used to evaluate the differences in tumor size, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier's method, using the log-rank test to assess significant differences for mice overall survival. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that P-cadherin overexpression is significantly associated with SRC activation in breast cancer cells, which was also validated in a large series of primary tumor samples. SRC activity suppression with dasatinib significantly prevented the in vitro functional effects of P-cadherin overexpressing cells, as well as their in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic ability, by increasing mice overall survival. Mechanistically, SRC inhibition affects P-cadherin downstream signaling, rescues the E-cadherin/p120-catenin complex to the cell membrane, recovering cell-cell adhesion function. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion our findings show that targeting P-cadherin/SRC signaling and functional activity may open novel therapeutic opportunities for highly aggressive and poor prognostic basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Nobre
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Almeida
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Vieira
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Sousa
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Monteiro
- Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Polónia
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Idoux-Gillet Y, Nassour M, Lakis E, Bonini F, Theillet C, Du Manoir S, Savagner P. Slug/Pcad pathway controls epithelial cell dynamics in mammary gland and breast carcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 37:578-588. [PMID: 28991231 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland morphogenesis results from the coordination of proliferation, cohort migration, apoptosis and stem/progenitor cell dynamics. We showed earlier that the transcription repressor Slug is involved in these functions during mammary tubulogenesis. Slug is expressed by a subpopulation of basal epithelial cells, co-expressed with P-cadherin (Pcad). Slug-knockout mammary glands showed excessive branching, similarly to Pcad-knockout. Here, we found that Slug unexpectedly binds and activates Pcad promoter through E-boxes, inducing Pcad expression. We determined that Pcad can mediate several functions of Slug: Pcad promoted clonal mammosphere growth, basal epithelial differentiation, cell-cell dissociation and cell migration, rescuing Slug depletion. Pcad also promoted cell migration in isolated cells, in association with Src activation, focal adhesion reorganization and cell polarization. Pcad, similarly to Slug, was required for in vitro 3D tubulogenesis. Therefore, Pcad appears to be responsible for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-linked plasticity in mammary epithelial cells. In addition, we found that genes from the Slug/Pcad pathway components were co-expressed and specifically correlated in human breast carcinomas subtypes, carrying pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Idoux-Gillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - M Nassour
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - E Lakis
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - F Bonini
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - C Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - S Du Manoir
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - P Savagner
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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Brilliant YM, Brilliant AA, Sazonov SV. [Epithelial cadherins and associated molecules in invasive lobular breast cancer]. Arkh Patol 2017; 79:12-18. [PMID: 28295003 DOI: 10.17116/patol201779112-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM to estimate the expression of cell adhesion molecules E- and P-cadherin, as well as that of cadherin-catenin complexes in invasive lobular breast cancer (BC) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS 250 cases of postoperative material from patients diagnosed with invasive lobular BC were studied. The expressions of cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin, P-cadherin, β-catenin, p120 catenin, and vimentin were determined by immunohistochemical assay in all cases. The examined cases were divided into molecular biological subtypes, based on the evaluation of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER-2/neu, and Ki-67 proliferative index. RESULTS The membrane expression of E-cadherin on the tumor cells was found to be preserved in 93%; the cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin and p120-catenin appeared in 60 and 72% of cases, respectively. The expression of P-cadherin was detected in 82% of cases. The coexpression of E- and P-cadherin was noted in 90% of all the examined cases. There was a correlation between the expression of E- and P-cadherins (V=0.34; p<0.05). CONCLUSION The BC cells showed the coexpression of E- and P-cadherins, as well as release of the molecules β- and p120-catenins into the cytoplasm of tumor cells, which leads to the activation of intracellular mechanisms for changing the structure of the cytoskeleton and the level of proliferation. The above-mentioned mechanisms are accompanied by the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The intracellular mechanisms resulted in progressive cancer and its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu M Brilliant
- Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Sverdlovsk Region, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A A Brilliant
- Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Sverdlovsk Region, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - S V Sazonov
- Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Sverdlovsk Region, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Krebsbach PH, Villa-Diaz LG. The Role of Integrin α6 (CD49f) in Stem Cells: More than a Conserved Biomarker. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1090-1099. [PMID: 28494695 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells that form and repopulated all tissues and organs, from conception to adult life. Depending on their capacity for differentiation, stem cells are classified as totipotent (ie, zygote), pluripotent (ie, embryonic stem cells), multipotent (ie, neuronal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, epithelial stem cells, etc.), and unipotent (ie, spermatogonial stem cells). Adult or tissue-specific stem cells reside in specific niches located in, or nearby, their organ or tissue of origin. There, they have microenvironmental support to remain quiescent, to proliferate as undifferentiated cells (self-renewal), and to differentiate into progenitors or terminally differentiated cells that migrate from the niche to perform specialized functions. The presence of proteins at the cell surface is often used to identify, classify, and isolate stem cells. Among the diverse groups of cell surface proteins used for these purposes, integrin α6, also known as CD49f, may be the only biomarker commonly found in more than 30 different populations of stem cells, including some cancer stem cells. This broad expression among stem cell populations indicates that integrin α6 may play an important and conserved role in stem cell biology, which is reaffirmed by recent demonstrations of its role maintaining self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells and breast and glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Therefore, this review intends to highlight and synthesize new findings on the importance of integrin α6 in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Krebsbach
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University , Rochester, Michigan
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31
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P-cadherin: a useful biomarker for axillary-based breast cancer decisions in the clinical practice. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:698-709. [PMID: 28084338 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Axillary lymph node metastases represent the most powerful breast cancer prognostic factor, dictating disease staging and clinical therapeutic decisions. Nonetheless, breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes still exhibit a heterogeneous behavior regarding disease progression. Stem-like subpopulations of cancer cells show high migratory and metastatic capacity, thus we hypothesize that breast cancer stem cell markers evaluation in metastasized lymph nodes could provide a more accurate prediction of patient's prognosis. Therefore, the expression profile of P-cadherin, CD44, and CD49f, which have been already associated to stem cell properties in breast cancer, has been evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 135 primary tumors and matched axillary lymph node metastases from 135 breast cancer patients. Taking in consideration the expression of the stem cell markers only in axillary nodes, P-cadherin was the only biomarker significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall patient's survival. Moreover, although a concordant expression between primary tumors and matched lymph nodes has been found in the majority of the cases, a small but significant percentage displayed divergent expression (18.2-26.2%). Remarkably, although CD44 and CD49f changes between primary tumors and lymph node metastasis did not impact survival, the cases that were positive for P-cadherin in lymph node metastases being negative in the primary tumor, presented the worst disease-free and overall survival of the whole series. Accordingly, negative cases for this marker in the lymph nodes with positive expression in the matched breast carcinoma demonstrated a better prognosis, which overlapped with tumors that were negative in both sites. P-cadherin and CD49f gain of expression was mainly found in triple-negative carcinomas. Our results indicate for the first time that the evaluation of P-cadherin expression in lymph node metastases is an important predictor of disease outcome, being a putative valuable marker for axillary-based breast cancer decisions in the clinical practice.
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Polónia A, Pinto R, Cameselle-Teijeiro JF, Schmitt FC, Paredes J. Prognostic value of stromal tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:860-867. [PMID: 28373294 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work aims to evaluate the presence of stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PDL1) expression in breast carcinomas and their correlation with available clinicopathological features. METHODS Two independent series of invasive breast cancer (IBC), one including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) pair-matched cases, were selected, and quantification of TILs was accomplished in each case. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to evaluate the expression of PDL1. RESULTS In both cohorts evaluated, increased stromal TILs and PDL1 expression were present in about 10% of IBCs, being significantly associated with each other and both with grade 3 and triple-negative subtype. We observed a similar distribution of stromal TILs and PDL1 expression between DCIS and IBC. Finally, we observed that increased stromal TILs and PDL1 expression were significantly associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, basal cell markers and vimentin expression. Interestingly, in IBC cases with vimentin expression, increased stromal TILs, as well as decreased PDL1 expression, disclosed a better clinical outcome, independently of the main classical BC prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS We have confirmed the association of stromal TILs and PDL1 expression with aggressive forms of BC and that both are already found in in situ stages. We also showed that stromal TILs and PDL1 expression are associated with clinical outcome in cases enriched for a mesenchymal immunophenotype. We describe for the first time a close relationship between CSC markers and PDL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Polónia
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Regina Pinto
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando C Schmitt
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Joana Paredes
- Epithelial Interactions in Cancer (EPIC), i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Panaccione A, Guo Y, Yarbrough WG, Ivanov SV. Expression Profiling of Clinical Specimens Supports the Existence of Neural Progenitor-Like Stem Cells in Basal Breast Cancers. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:298-306.e7. [PMID: 28216417 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously characterized in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) a novel population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) marked by coexpression of 2 stemness genes, sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related HMG box-containing factor 10 (SOX10) and CD133. We also reported that in ACC and basal-like breast carcinoma (BBC), a triple-negative breast cancer subtype, expression of SOX10 similarly demarcates a highly conserved gene signature enriched with neural stem cell genes. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that BBC might be likewise driven by SOX10-positive (SOX10+)/CD133+ cells with neural stem cell properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS To validate our hypothesis on clinical data, we used a novel approach to meta-analysis that merges gene expression data from independent breast cancer studies and ranks genes according to statistical significance of their coexpression with the gene of interest. Genes that showed strong association with CD133/PROM1 as well as SOX10 were validated across different platforms and data sets and analyzed for enrichment with genes involved in neurogenesis. RESULTS We identified in clinical breast cancer data sets a highly conserved SOX10/PROM1 gene signature that contains neural stem cell markers common for Schwann cells, ACC, BBC, and melanoma. Identification of tripartite motif-containing 2 (TRIM2), TRIM29, MPZL2, potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 (KCNN4), and V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 (VTCN1)/B7 homolog 4 (B7H4) within this signature provides insight into molecular mechanisms of CSC maintenance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BBC is driven by SOX10+/CD133+ cells that express neural stem cell-specific markers and share molecular similarities with CSCs of neural crest origin. Our study provides clinically relevant information on possible drivers of these cells that might facilitate development of CSC-targeting therapies against this cancer distinguished with poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Panaccione
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Head and Neck Disease Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT; Molecular Virology Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Sulaiman A, Yao ZM, Wang LS. Re-evaluating the role of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in cancer progression. J Biomed Res 2016; 32:81-90. [PMID: 28546516 PMCID: PMC5895572 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for embryonic development and also important in cancer progression. In a conventional model, epithelial-like cancer cells transit to mesenchymal-like tumor cells with great motility via EMT transcription factors; these mesenchymal-like cells migrate through the circulation system, relocate to a suitable site and then convert back to an epithelial-like phenotype to regenerate the tumor. However, recent findings challenge this conventional model and support the existence of a stable hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) tumor population. Hybrid E/M tumor cells exhibit both epithelial and mesenchymal properties, possess great metastatic and tumorigenic capacity and are associated with poorer patient prognosis. The hybrid E/M model and associated regulatory networks represent a conceptual change regarding tumor metastasis and organ colonization. It may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies to ultimately stop cancer progression and improve disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ze-Min Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
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35
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p53 deficiency induces cancer stem cell pool expansion in a mouse model of triple-negative breast tumors. Oncogene 2016; 36:2355-2365. [PMID: 27775073 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the expression of basal cell markers, no estrogen or progesterone receptor expression and a lack of HER2 overexpression. Triple-negative tumors often display activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and most have impaired p53 function. We studied the interplay between p53 loss and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in stem cell function and tumorigenesis, by deleting p53 from the mammary epithelium of K5ΔNβcat mice displaying a constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in basal cells. K5ΔNβcat transgenic mice present amplification of the basal stem cell pool and develop triple-negative mammary carcinomas. The loss of p53 in K5ΔNβcat mice led to an early expansion of mammary stem/progenitor cells and accelerated the formation of triple-negative tumors. In particular, p53-deficient tumors expressed high levels of integrins and extracellular matrix components and were enriched in cancer stem cells. They also overexpressed the tyrosine kinase receptor Met, a feature characteristic of human triple-negative breast tumors. The inhibition of Met kinase activity impaired tumorsphere formation, demonstrating the requirement of Met signaling for cancer stem cell growth in this model. Human basal-like breast cancers with predicted mutated p53 status had higher levels of MET expression than tumors with wild-type p53. These results connect p53 loss and β-catenin activation to stem cell regulation and tumorigenesis in triple-negative cancer and highlight the role of Met signaling in maintaining cancer stem cell properties, revealing new cues for targeted therapies.
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36
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Stivarou T, Stellas D, Vartzi G, Thomaidou D, Patsavoudi E. Targeting highly expressed extracellular HSP90 in breast cancer stem cells inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:799-812. [PMID: 27259689 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1195041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) have been identified in breast carcinoma as CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) cells, which display tumorigenic activity and have the ability to self-renew, differentiate and metastasize. Previous studies showed that extracellular HSP90 (eHSP90) participates in the invasion and metastatic processes of various cancers including breast cancer. Here, we show for the first time that eHSP90 is over-expressed in mammosphere cultures that are derived from the MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. These mammospheres are highly enriched in cells of the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) BCSC phenotype and additionally show high expression of the BCSC markers CD49f and Sox2. Thus our results indicate that eHSP90 represents a potential novel BCSC marker. Moreover, we present evidence that eHSP90 is functionally involved in BCSC activity in vitro and in vivo. Selective neutralization of eHSP90, using the monoclonal antibody mAb 4C5, has the capacity to inhibit stem cell activity in vitro because the formation of mammosphere-derived colonies is dramatically reduced in its presence. In vivo, the treatment of mice with mAb4C5 using a prophylactic protocol, significantly inhibited the primary growth of MDA-MB-231 and mammosphere-derived tumors. More importantly, administration of this antibody in a therapeutic protocol caused a statistically significant regression of established tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 originating mammospheres. Tumor regression was even greater when mAb 4C5 was administered in combination with paclitaxel. Overall, our findings implicate eHSP90 as a potential novel BCSC biomarker. Moreover they show that eHSP90 participates in BCSC-derived primary tumor growth. Finally, we provide additional support for the possible therapeutic value of mAb4C5 in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Stivarou
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Technological Educational Institute of Athens , Athens Greece.,b Department of Biochemistry , Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- c Department of Cancer Biology of the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Athens Greece
| | - Georgia Vartzi
- b Department of Biochemistry , Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitra Thomaidou
- b Department of Biochemistry , Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelia Patsavoudi
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Technological Educational Institute of Athens , Athens Greece.,b Department of Biochemistry , Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
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37
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Chiotaki R, Polioudaki H, Theodoropoulos PA. Stem cell technology in breast cancer: current status and potential applications. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 9:17-29. [PMID: 27217783 PMCID: PMC4853137 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s72836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer among females, is supported by the presence of a rare subset of undifferentiated cells within the tumor, identified as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs underlie the mechanisms of tumor initiation and sustenance and are implicated in the dissemination of the primary tumor to metastatic sites, as they have been found circulating in the blood of breast cancer patients. The discovery of BCSCs has generated a great amount of interest among the scientific community toward their isolation, molecular characterization, and therapeutic targeting. In this review, after summarizing the literature on molecular characterization of BCSCs and methodologies used for their isolation, we will focus on recent data supporting their molecular and functional heterogeneity. Additionally, following a synopsis of the latest approaches for BCSC targeting, we will specifically emphasize on the therapeutic use of naïve or engineered normal stem cells in the treatment of breast cancer and present contradictory findings challenging their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Chiotaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Hara Polioudaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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He L, Yang Z, Li Z. The clinical pathological significance of Thy1 and CD49f expression in chondrosarcomas. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:636-42. [PMID: 27155928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of Thy1 and CD49f in chondrosarcomas. METHODS Thy1 and CD49f protein expression in 59 chondrosarcomas and 33 osteochondromas were measured by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The percentage of positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was significantly higher in patients with chondrosarcoma than in patients with osteochondroma (P<0.01). The percentage of positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was significantly lower in patients with histological grade I, Enneking stage I, AJCC stage I/II stage, non-metastatic and non-invasive chondrosarcoma than in patients with histological grade III, Enneking stage II+III, AJCC stage III/IV, metastatic and invasive chondrosarcoma (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Thy1 expression was positively correlated with CD49f expression in chondrosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that histological grade, AJCC stage, Enneking stage, metastasis, invasion, and Thy1 and CD49f expression significantly correlated with shorter mean survival time in chondrosarcoma patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Cox multivariate analysis showed that positive Thy1 and CD49f expression was an independent prognostic factor that negatively correlated with overall postoperative survival. CONCLUSION Positive Thy1 and CD49f expression is significantly associated with the progression and poor prognosis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Cantrell MA, Ebelt ND, Pfefferle AD, Perou CM, Van Den Berg CL. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 prevents luminal cell commitment in normal mammary glands and tumors by inhibiting p53/Notch1 and breast cancer gene 1 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11863-81. [PMID: 25970777 PMCID: PMC4494910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with several subtypes carrying unique prognoses. Patients with differentiated luminal tumors experience better outcomes, while effective treatments are unavailable for poorly differentiated tumors, including the basal-like subtype. Mechanisms governing mammary tumor subtype generation could prove critical to developing better treatments. C-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is important in mammary tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Using a variety of mouse models, human breast cancer cell lines and tumor expression data, studies herein support that JNK2 inhibits cell differentiation in normal and cancer-derived mammary cells. JNK2 prevents precocious pubertal mammary development and inhibits Notch-dependent expansion of luminal cell populations. Likewise, JNK2 suppresses luminal populations in a p53-competent Polyoma Middle T-antigen tumor model where jnk2 knockout causes p53-dependent upregulation of Notch1 transcription. In a p53 knockout model, JNK2 restricts luminal populations independently of Notch1, by suppressing Brca1 expression and promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. JNK2 also inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) expression and confers resistance to fulvestrant, an ER inhibitor, while stimulating tumor progression. These data suggest that therapies inhibiting JNK2 in breast cancer may promote tumor differentiation, improve endocrine therapy response, and inhibit metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Cantrell
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Nancy D Ebelt
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Adam D Pfefferle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carla Lynn Van Den Berg
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA.,Division of Pharmacology &Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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40
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Royo F, Zuñiga-Garcia P, Torrano V, Loizaga A, Sanchez-Mosquera P, Ugalde-Olano A, González E, Cortazar AR, Palomo L, Fernández-Ruiz S, Lacasa-Viscasillas I, Berdasco M, Sutherland JD, Barrio R, Zabala-Letona A, Martín-Martín N, Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Valcarcel-Jimenez L, Caro-Maldonado A, Gonzalez-Tampan J, Cachi-Fuentes G, Esteller M, Aransay AM, Unda M, Falcón-Pérez JM, Carracedo A. Transcriptomic profiling of urine extracellular vesicles reveals alterations of CDH3 in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6835-46. [PMID: 26771841 PMCID: PMC4872752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging structures with promising properties for intercellular communication. In addition, the characterization of EV in biofluids is an attractive source of non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Here we show that urinary EV (uEV) from prostate cancer (PCa) patients exhibit genuine and differential physical and biological properties compared to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Importantly, transcriptomics characterization of uEVs led us to define the decreased abundance of Cadherin 3, type 1 (CDH3) transcript in uEV from PCa patients. Tissue and cell line analysis strongly suggested that the status of CDH3 in uEVs is a distal reflection of changes in the expression of this cadherin in the prostate tumor. CDH3 was negatively regulated at the genomic, transcriptional, and epigenetic level in PCa. Our results reveal that uEVs could represent a non-invasive tool to inform about the molecular alterations in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Royo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Loizaga
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Palomo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Barrio
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M. Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Biscay, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
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Su Y, Pogash TJ, Nguyen TD, Russo J. Development and characterization of two human triple-negative breast cancer cell lines with highly tumorigenic and metastatic capabilities. Cancer Med 2016; 5:558-73. [PMID: 26775583 PMCID: PMC4799943 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of cancer with high diversity, limited therapies, and poor prognosis. TNBC cell lines and animal models provide effective tools for studies and drug discovery. Here, we report the development of two TNBC cell lines (XtMCF and LmMCF) based on our existing cell model that consists of normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10F, estradiol-transformed cells trMCF, and Boyden chamber-selected tumorigenic cells bsMCF. The XtMCF and LmMCF cell line were derived from xenograft and lung metastasis of bsMCF cells, respectively. The bsMCF, XtMCF, and LmMCF cells have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), exhibiting a mesenchymal-like feature. In vivo studies showed XtMCF and LmMCF cells were highly tumorigenic and metastatic. The injection of 5 × 10(4) cells to CB17/SCID mice mammary fat pad produced xenografts in 9/9 mice and tumors reached 10 millimeters in diameter in 5 weeks. The injection of 1 × 10(6) XtMCF or 8 × 10(4) LmMCF cells into the mice tail vein was sufficient to form extensive lung metastases in 4 weeks. The two new cell lines exhibited CD44(+) /CD49f(+) and CD44(+) /EpCAM(+) cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, and the EGF-like domain of EpCAM was cleaved off. Together with the normal and early transformed counterparts, herein we provide a complete cancer model for the study of initiation, evolution, and identification of new therapeutics for TNBC. The finding that EGF-like domain of EpCAM was cleaved off in cells which have undergone EMT suggests this cleavage may be involved in the EMT process and the cancer stem cell properties of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Su
- The Irma H. Russo, MD Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Thomas J Pogash
- The Irma H. Russo, MD Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Theresa D Nguyen
- The Irma H. Russo, MD Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Jose Russo
- The Irma H. Russo, MD Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
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Bryan RT. Cell adhesion and urothelial bladder cancer: the role of cadherin switching and related phenomena. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140042. [PMID: 25533099 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are mediators of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues. E-cadherin is a known tumour suppressor and plays a central role in suppressing the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. However, the abnormal expression of N- and P-cadherin ('cadherin switching', CS) has been shown to promote a more invasive and m̀alignant phenotype of cancer, with P-cadherin possibly acting as a key mediator of invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer. Cadherins are also implicated in numerous signalling events related to embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. It is these wide ranging effects and the serious implications of CS that make the cadherin cell adhesion molecules and their related pathways strong candidate targets for the inhibition of cancer progression, including bladder cancer. This review focuses on CS in the context of bladder cancer and in particular the switch to P-cadherin expression, and discusses other related molecules and phenomena, including EpCAM and the development of the cancer stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Bryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Schneck H, Gierke B, Uppenkamp F, Behrens B, Niederacher D, Stoecklein NH, Templin MF, Pawlak M, Fehm T, Neubauer H. EpCAM-Independent Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144535. [PMID: 26695635 PMCID: PMC4687932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the potential precursors of metastatic disease. Most assays established for the enumeration of CTCs so far-including the gold standard CellSearch-rely on the expression of the cell surface marker epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). But, these approaches may not detect CTCs that express no/low levels of EpCAM, e.g. by undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we present an enrichment strategy combining different antibodies specific for surface proteins and extracellular matrix (ECM) components to capture an EpCAMlow/neg cell line and EpCAMneg CTCs from blood samples of breast cancer patients depleted for EpCAM-positive cells. The expression of respective proteins (Trop2, CD49f, c-Met, CK8, CD44, ADAM8, CD146, TEM8, CD47) was verified by immunofluorescence on EpCAMpos (e.g. MCF7, SKBR3) and EpCAMlow/neg (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. To test antibodies and ECM proteins (e.g. hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen I, laminin) for capturing EpCAMneg cells, the capture molecules were first spotted in a single- and multi-array format onto aldehyde-coated glass slides. Tumor cell adhesion of EpCAMpos/neg cell lines was then determined and visualized by Coomassie/MitoTracker staining. In consequence, marginal binding of EpCAMlow/neg MDA-MB-231 cells to EpCAM-antibodies could be observed. However, efficient adhesion/capturing of EpCAMlow/neg cells could be achieved via HA and immobilized antibodies against CD49f and Trop2. Optimal capture conditions were then applied to immunomagnetic beads to detect EpCAMneg CTCs from clinical samples. Captured CTCs were verified/quantified by immunofluorescence staining for anti-pan-Cytokeratin (CK)-FITC/anti-CD45 AF647/DAPI. In total, in 20 out of 29 EpCAM-depleted fractions (69%) from 25 metastatic breast cancer patients additional EpCAMneg CTCs could be identified [range of 1-24 CTCs per sample] applying Trop2, CD49f, c-Met, CK8 and/or HA magnetic enrichment. EpCAMneg dual-positive (CKpos/CD45pos) cells could be traced in 28 out of 29 samples [range 1-480]. By single-cell array-based comparative genomic hybridization we were able to demonstrate the malignant nature of one EpCAMneg subpopulation. In conclusion, we established a novel enhanced CTC enrichment strategy to capture EpCAMneg CTCs from clinical blood samples by targeting various cell surface antigens with antibody mixtures and ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schneck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Berthold Gierke
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Uppenkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bianca Behrens
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H. Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus F. Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlak
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Qiu Y, Pu T, Guo P, Wei B, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhong X, Zheng H, Chen L, Bu H, Ye F. ALDH(+)/CD44(+) cells in breast cancer are associated with worse prognosis and poor clinical outcome. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:145-50. [PMID: 26687806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play essential roles in tumor metastasis and contribute to remarkably negative clinical outcomes. Recently, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 positivity (ALDH(+)/CD44(+)) was identified as a marker of BCSCs in vitro/in vivo studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ALDH(+)/CD44(+) cells in breast cancer and the association of these two markers with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells in a cohort of 144 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. The tissues were stained for ALDH1A3 and CD44 by single and dual immunohistochemistry (dIHC). The associations among the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells, the clinicopathological features and the clinical outcomes of the patients were also analyzed. RESULTS ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells were present in 39 patients (27.1%). By the Mann-Whitney U test, the Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, it was demonstrated that the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells was closely correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.001), nodal metastasis status (p=0.043), more advanced clinical stage (p=0.021) and distant metastasis after initial surgery (p=0.001). In a univariate survival analysis, the presence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumor cells had a significant negative association with both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (pDFS<0.001; pOS<0.001). The negative clinical outcomes in ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumors were further confirmed by a multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models (pDFS<0.001, HR=3.155; pOS=0.001, HR=3.193). This was also true with respect to the clinical treatment regimens of chemotherapy (pDFS<0.001; pOS=0.001), radiotherapy (pDFS=0.004; pOS=0.004), and endocrine therapy (pDFS<0.001; pOS<0.001). CONCLUSION In summary, our results indicate that the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumor cells in breast cancer is significantly associated with worse prognostic factors and favors a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sreekumar A, Roarty K, Rosen JM. The mammary stem cell hierarchy: a looking glass into heterogeneous breast cancer landscapes. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22. [PMID: 26206777 PMCID: PMC4618079 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes extensive morphogenesis during the different stages of embryonic development, puberty, estrus, pregnancy, lactation and involution. Systemic and local cues underlie this constant tissue remodeling and act by eliciting an intricate pattern of responses in the mammary epithelial and stromal cells. Decades of studies utilizing methods such as transplantation and lineage-tracing have identified a complex hierarchy of mammary stem cells, progenitors and differentiated epithelial cells that fuel mammary epithelial development. Importantly, these studies have extended our understanding of the molecular crosstalk between cell types and the signaling pathways maintaining normal homeostasis that often are deregulated during tumorigenesis. While several questions remain, this research has many implications for breast cancer. Fundamental among these are the identification of the cells of origin for the multiple subtypes of breast cancer and the understanding of tumor heterogeneity. A deeper understanding of these critical questions will unveil novel breast cancer drug targets and treatment paradigms. In this review, we provide a current overview of normal mammary development and tumorigenesis from a stem cell perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, DeBakey Building M638, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Roarty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, DeBakey Building M638, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, DeBakey Building M638, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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46
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Vieira AF, Paredes J. P-cadherin and the journey to cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:178. [PMID: 26438065 PMCID: PMC4595126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a classical cell-to-cell adhesion molecule with a homeostatic function in several normal tissues. However, its behaviour in the malignant setting is notably dependent on the cellular context. In some tumour models, such as melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma, P-cadherin acts as a tumour suppressor, since its absence is associated with a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype; nevertheless, the overexpression of this molecule is linked to significant tumour promoting effects in the breast, ovarian, prostate, endometrial, skin, gastric, pancreas and colon neoplasms. Herein, we review the role of P-cadherin in cancer cell invasion, as well as in loco-regional and distant metastatic dissemination. We focus in P-cadherin signalling pathways that are activated to induce invasion and metastasis, as well as cancer stem cell properties. The signalling network downstream of P-cadherin is notably dependent on the cellular and tissue context and includes the activation of integrin molecules, receptor tyrosine kinases, small molecule GTPases, EMT transcription factors, and crosstalk with other cadherin family members. As new oncogenic molecular pathways mediated by P-cadherin are uncovered, putative therapeutic options can be tested, which will allow for the targeting of invasion or metastatic disease, depending on the tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, N. 45, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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47
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Gordon N, Skinner AM, Pommier RF, Schillace RV, O'Neill S, Peckham JL, Muller P, Condron ME, Donovan C, Naik A, Hansen J, Pommier SJ. Gene expression signatures of breast cancer stem and progenitor cells do not exhibit features of Warburg metabolism. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:157. [PMID: 26316122 PMCID: PMC4552365 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancers are believed to adapt to continual changes in glucose and oxygen availability by relying almost exclusively on glycolytic metabolism for energy (i.e. the Warburg effect). The process by which breast cancers sustain growth in avascular tissue is thought to be mediated via aberrant hypoxia response with ensuing shifts in glycolytic metabolism. Given their role in initiating and perpetuating tumors, we sought to determine whether breast cancer stem and progenitor cells play an instrumental role in this adaptive metabolic response. METHODS Breast cancer stem/progenitor cells were isolated from invasive ductal carcinomas, and benign stem cells (SC) were isolated from reduction mammoplasty tissues. Relative expression of 33 genes involved in hypoxia and glucose metabolism was evaluated in flow cytometrically isolated stem and progenitor cell populations. Significance between cohorts and cell populations was determined using Student's 2-tailed t test. RESULTS While benign stem/progenitor cells exhibited few significant inter-group differences in expression of genes involved in hypoxia regulation or glucose metabolism, breast cancer stem/progenitor cells demonstrated significant inter-group variability. Breast cancer stem/progenitor cells adapted to microenvironments through changes in stem cell numbers and transcription of glycolytic genes. One of four breast cancer stem/progenitor cells subpopulations exhibited an aerobic glycolysis gene expression signature. This subpopulation comprises the majority of the tumor and therefore best reflects invasive ductal carcinoma tumor biology. Although PI3K/AKT mutations are associated with increased proliferation of breast cancer cells, mutations in breast cancer stem/progenitor cells subpopulations did not correlate with changes in metabolic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive capacity of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells may enable tumors to survive variable conditions encountered during progressive stages of cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Amy M Skinner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Rodney F Pommier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Robynn V Schillace
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Steven O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Peckham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Patrick Muller
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Mary E Condron
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Cory Donovan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Arpana Naik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Juliana Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - SuEllen J Pommier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L619, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Figueroa FC, Zanetti JDS, Silva AR, Alves CEF, Rocha NS. Association of CD44+/CD24-Cells to More Aggressive Molecular Phenotypes in Canine Mammary Carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2015.119.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vieira AF, Ribeiro AS, Dionísio MR, Sousa B, Nobre AR, Albergaria A, Santiago-Gómez A, Mendes N, Gerhard R, Schmitt F, Clarke RB, Paredes J. P-cadherin signals through the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin to induce stem cell and invasive properties in basal-like breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:679-92. [PMID: 24553076 PMCID: PMC3996674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin is a classical cell-cell adhesion molecule that, in contrast to E-cadherin, has a positive role in breast cancer progression, being considered a poor prognostic factor in this disease. In previous reports, we have shown that this protein induces cancer stem cell and invasive properties to basal-like breast cancer cells. Here, we clarify the downstream signaling pathways that are triggered by P-cadherin to mediate these effects. We demonstrated that P-cadherin inhibition led to a significant decreased adhesion of cancer cells to the basement membrane substrate laminin, as well as to a major reduction in the expression of the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin. Remarkably, the expression of this heterodimer was required for the invasive capacity and increased mammosphere forming efficiency induced by P-cadherin expression. Moreover, we showed that P-cadherin transcriptionally up-regulates the α6 integrin subunit expression and directly interacts with the β4 integrin subunit. We still showed that P-cadherin downstream signaling, in response to laminin, involves the activation of focal adhesion (FAK), Src and AKT kinases. The association between the expression of P-cadherin, α6β4 heterodimer and the active FAK and Src phosphorylated forms was validated in vivo. Our data establish that there is a crosstalk between P-cadherin and the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin signaling pathway, which link has never been previously described. The activation of this heterodimer explains the stem cell and invasive properties induced by P-cadherin to breast cancer cells, pointing to a new molecular mechanism that may be targeted to counteract the effects induced by this adhesion molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Vieira
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Ribeiro AS, Paredes J. P-Cadherin Linking Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Invasion: A Promising Marker to Identify an "Intermediate/Metastable" EMT State. Front Oncol 2015; 4:371. [PMID: 25601904 PMCID: PMC4283504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (also known as EMT) is a fundamental mechanism occurring during embryonic development and tissue differentiation, being also crucial for cancer progression. Actually, the EMT program contributes to the dissemination of cancer cells from solid tumors and to the formation of micro-metastasis that subsequently develop into clinically detectable metastases. Besides being a process that is defined by the progressive loss of epithelial cell characteristics and the acquisition of mesenchymal features, EMT has also been implicated in therapy resistance, immune escape, and maintenance of cancer stem cell properties, such as self-renewal capacity. However, the majority of the studies usually neglect the progressive alterations occurring during intermediate EMT states, which imply a range of phenotypic cellular heterogeneity that can potentially generate more metastable and plastic tumor cells. In fact, few studies have tried to identify these transitory states, partly due to the current lack of a detailed understanding of EMT, as well as of reliable readouts for its progression. Herein, a brief review of evidences is presented, showing that P-cadherin expression, which has been already identified as a breast cancer stem cell marker and invasive promoter, is probably able to identify an intermediate EMT state associated with a metastable phenotype. This hypothesis is based on our own work, as well as on the results described by others, which suggest the use of P-cadherin as a promising EMT marker, clearly functioning as an important clinical prognostic factor and putative therapeutic target in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal ; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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