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Castillo H, Hanna P, Sachs LM, Buisine N, Godoy F, Gilbert C, Aguilera F, Muñoz D, Boisvert C, Debiais-Thibaud M, Wan J, Spicuglia S, Marcellini S. Xenopus tropicalis osteoblast-specific open chromatin regions reveal promoters and enhancers involved in human skeletal phenotypes and shed light on early vertebrate evolution. Cells Dev 2024; 179:203924. [PMID: 38692409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
While understanding the genetic underpinnings of osteogenesis has far-reaching implications for skeletal diseases and evolution, a comprehensive characterization of the osteoblastic regulatory landscape in non-mammalian vertebrates is still lacking. Here, we compared the ATAC-Seq profile of Xenopus tropicalis (Xt) osteoblasts to a variety of non mineralizing control tissues, and identified osteoblast-specific nucleosome free regions (NFRs) at 527 promoters and 6747 distal regions. Sequence analyses, Gene Ontology, RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq against four key histone marks confirmed that the distal regions correspond to bona fide osteogenic transcriptional enhancers exhibiting a shared regulatory logic with mammals. We report 425 regulatory regions conserved with human and globally associated to skeletogenic genes. Of these, 35 regions have been shown to impact human skeletal phenotypes by GWAS, including one trps1 enhancer and the runx2 promoter, two genes which are respectively involved in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I and cleidocranial dysplasia. Intriguingly, 60 osteoblastic NFRs also align to the genome of the elephant shark, a species lacking osteoblasts and bone tissue. To tackle this paradox, we chose to focus on dlx5 because its conserved promoter, known to integrate regulatory inputs during mammalian osteogenesis, harbours an osteoblast-specific NFR in both frog and human. Hence, we show that dlx5 is expressed in Xt and elephant shark odontoblasts, supporting a common cellular and genetic origin of bone and dentine. Taken together, our work (i) unravels the Xt osteogenic regulatory landscape, (ii) illustrates how cross-species comparisons harvest data relevant to human biology and (iii) reveals that a set of genes including bnc2, dlx5, ebf3, mir199a, nfia, runx2 and zfhx4 drove the development of a primitive form of mineralized skeletal tissue deep in the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Castillo
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricia Hanna
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Laurent M Sachs
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Francisco Godoy
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Clément Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 12 route 128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - David Muñoz
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catherine Boisvert
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wan
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
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Wang X, Sun K, Xu Z, Chen Z, Wu W. Roles of SP/KLF transcription factors in odontoblast differentiation: From development to diseases. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3745-3760. [PMID: 38409677 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A zinc-finger transcription factor family comprising specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factor proteins (KLFs) plays an important role in dentin development and regeneration. However, a systematic regulatory network involving SPs/KLFs in odontoblast differentiation has not yet been described. This review examined the expression patterns of SP/KLF gene family members and their current known functions and mechanisms in odontoblast differentiation, and discussed prospective research directions for further exploration of mechanisms involving the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literature on SP/KLF gene family members and dentin development was acquired from PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS We discuss the expression patterns, functions, and related mechanisms of eight members of the SP/KLF gene family in dentin development and genetic disorders with dental problems. We also summarize current knowledge about their complementary or synergistic actions. Finally, we propose future research directions for investigating the mechanisms of dentin development. CONCLUSIONS The SP/KLF gene family plays a vital role in tooth development. Studying the complex complementary or synergistic interactions between SPs/KLFs is helpful for understanding the process of odontoblast differentiation. Applications of single-cell and spatial multi-omics may provide a more complete investigation of the mechanism involved in dentin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaida Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Li Z, Kegui H, Piao W, Xuejiu W, Lim KT, Jin H. PAI-1 transfected-conditioned media promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38654436 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Reconstruction of injured bone remains challenging in the clinic owing to the lack of suitable bone grafts. The utilization of PAI-1 transfected-conditioned media (P-CM) has demonstrated its ability to facilitate the differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), potentially serving as a crucial mediator in tissue regeneration. This research endeavored to explore the therapeutic potential of P-CM concerning the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). To assess new bone formation, a rat calvaria critical defect model was employed, while in vitro experiments involved the use of the alizarin Red-S mineral induction test. In the rat calvaria critical defect model, P-CM treatment resulted in significan new bone formation. In vitro, P-CM treated hBMSCs displayed robust osteogenesis compared to the control group, as demonstrated by the mineral induction test using alizarin Red-S. P-CM with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate/fibrin gel treatment significantly exhibited new bone formation, and the expression of osteogenic associated markers was enhanced in the P-CM-treated group. In conclusion, results demonstrate that P-CM treatment significantly enhanced the osteogenic differantiation efficiency and new bone formation, thus could be used as an ideal therapeutic biomolecule for constructing bone-specific implants, especially for orthopedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hou Kegui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Piao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xuejiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hexiu Jin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Choi J, Lee H. NFIB-MLL1 complex is required for the stemness and Dlx5-dependent osteogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105193. [PMID: 37633334 PMCID: PMC10519831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, less is known about the factors maintaining the stemness and plasticity of MSCs. Here, we show that the NFIB-MLL1 complex plays key roles in osteogenic differentiation and stemness of C3H10T1/2 MSCs. We find that depletion of either NFIB or MLL1 results in a severely hampered osteogenic potential and failed activation of key osteogenic transcription factors, such as Dlx5, Runx2, and Osx, following osteogenic stimuli. In addition, the NFIB-MLL1 complex binds directly to the promoter of Dlx5, and exogenous expression of Myc-Dlx5, but not the activation of either the BMP- or the Wnt-signaling pathway, is sufficient to restore the osteogenic potential of cells depleted of NFIB or MLL1. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP-sequencing analysis showed that the NFIB-MLL1 complex mediates the deposition of trimethylated histone H3K4 at both Dlx5 and Cebpa, key regulator genes that function at the early stages of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, respectively, in uncommitted C3H10T1/2 MSCs. Surprisingly, the depletion of either NFIB or MLL1 leads to decreased trimethylated histone H3K4 and results in elevated trimethylated histone H3K9 at those developmental genes. Furthermore, gene expression profiling and ChIP-sequencing analysis revealed lineage-specific changes in chromatin landscape and gene expression in response to osteogenic stimuli. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the hitherto unknown role of the NFIB-MLL1 complex in the maintenance and lineage-specific differentiation of C3H10T1/2 MSCs and support the epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying the stemness and plasticity of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Liang Z, Jin C, Shi Y, Fan M, Hu X, Wan Y. NFIC1 inhibits the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells through S100A2-mediated inactivation of MEK/ERK pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 734:109497. [PMID: 36574914 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NFIC is a potent transcriptional factor involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of NFIC1, the longest isoform of NFIC, in the progression of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of NFIC1 inhibits the migration and invasion of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. NFIC1 regulates the expression of S100A2, and knockdown of S100A2 reverses the inhibitive effects of NFIC1 on the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of S100A2 activates the MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway that is inhibited by NFIC1 overexperssion. Treatment with MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor, U0126, abolishes the effects of S100A2 knockdown. In addition, overexpression of NFIC1 in MDA-MB-231 cells increases the expression of epithelial markers and decreases the expression of mesenchymal markers, and these effects could also be reversed by knockdown of S100A2. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NFIC1 inhibits the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating S100A2 expression, which suppress the activation of MEK/ERK pathway. Therefore, our study confirms the role of NFIC1 as a tumor repressor in TNBC, and reveals the molecular mechanism through which NFIC1 inhibits the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zehua Liang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Chanjuan Jin
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Yueru Shi
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xin Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Youzhong Wan
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
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Nuclear Factor I-C Regulates Stemness Genes and Proliferation of Stem Cells in Various Mineralized Tissue through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Dental Epithelial Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1092184. [PMID: 36213683 PMCID: PMC9533135 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development includes numerous cell divisions and cell-cell interactions generating the stem cell niche. After an indefinite number of divisions, pluripotent cells differentiate into various types of cells. Nuclear factor I (NFI) transcription factors are known as crucial regulators in various organ development and stem cell biology. Among its members, nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) has been reported to play an essential role in odontogenesis. Nfic knockout mice show malformation in all mineralized tissues, but it remains unclear which stage of development Nfic is involved in. We previously reported that Nfic induces the differentiation of ameloblast, odontoblast, and osteoblast. However, the question remains whether Nfic participates in the late stage of development, perpetuating the proliferation of stem cells. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NFI-C function in stem cells capable of forming hard tissues. Here, we demonstrate that Nfic regulates Sox2 and cell proliferation in diverse mineralized tissue stem cells such as dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), dental pulp stem cells, and bone marrow stem cells, but not in fibroblasts. It was also involved in the expression of pluripotency genes Lin28 and NANOG. Especially in DESCs, Nfic regulates the proliferation of epithelial cells via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which are the Fgf8-Nfic-Sox2 pathway in epithelium and Nfic-Fgf10 in the mesenchyme. Moreover, Nfic slightly increased reprogramming efficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells of mineralized tissues, but not in soft tissues. In conclusion, these results suggest that Nfic is a crucial factor for maintaining the stem cell niche of mineralized tissues and provides a possibility for Nfic as an additional factor in improving reprogramming efficiency.
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Shemirani R, Lin G, Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Le M, Nakano Y. An miRNA derived from amelogenin exon4 regulates expression of transcription factor Runx2 by directly targeting upstream activators Nfia and Prkch. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101807. [PMID: 35271849 PMCID: PMC9061250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amel, the gene encoding the amelogenin protein involved in enamel formation, is highly alternatively spliced. When exon4 is excised, it can form a mature miRNA (miR-exon4) that has previously been suggested to indirectly regulate expression of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) involved in bone development in ameloblasts and osteoblasts. However, the precise mechanism of this regulation is unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify direct targets of miR-exon4. The transcription factor family nuclear factor I/A (NFI/A) is known to negatively regulate expression of Runx2 and is among the most highly predicted direct targets of miR-exon4 that link to Runx2. Immunostaining detected NFI/A in osteoblasts and ameloblasts in vivo, and reporter assays confirmed direct interaction of the Nfia 3'-UTR and miR-exon4. In addition, silencing of Nfia in MC3T3-E1-M14 osteoblasts resulted in subsequent downregulation of Runx2. In a monoclonal subclone (mi2) of MC3T3-E1 cells wherein mature miR-exon4 was functionally inhibited, we observed significantly downregulated Runx2 expression. We showed that NFI/A was significantly upregulated in mi2 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, quantitative proteomics and pathway analysis of gene expression in mi2 cells suggested that miR-exon4 could directly target Prkch (protein kinase C-eta), possibly leading to RUNX2 regulation through mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase activation. Reporter assays also confirmed the direct interaction of miR-exon4 and the 3'-UTR of Prkch, and Western blot analysis confirmed significantly upregulated mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase phosphorylation in mi2 cells. Taken together, we conclude that Nfia and Prkch expression negatively correlates with miR-exon4-mediated Runx2 regulation in vivo and in vitro, suggesting miR-exon4 directly targets Nfia and Prkch to regulate Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozana Shemirani
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Gan Lin
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Michael Le
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Cai J, Li C, Li S, Yi J, Wang J, Yao K, Gan X, Shen Y, Yang P, Jing D, Zhao Z. A Quartet Network Analysis Identifying Mechanically Responsive Long Noncoding RNAs in Bone Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:780211. [PMID: 35356768 PMCID: PMC8959777 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.780211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force, being so ubiquitous that it is often taken for granted and overlooked, is now gaining the spotlight for reams of evidence corroborating their crucial roles in the living body. The bone, particularly, experiences manifold extraneous force like strain and compression, as well as intrinsic cues like fluid shear stress and physical properties of the microenvironment. Though sparkled in diversified background, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) concerning the mechanotransduction process that bone undergoes are not yet detailed in a systematic way. Our principal goal in this research is to highlight the potential lncRNA-focused mechanical signaling systems which may be adapted by bone-related cells for biophysical environment response. Based on credible lists of force-sensitive mRNAs and miRNAs, we constructed a force-responsive competing endogenous RNA network for lncRNA identification. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we then illustrated the possible crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNAs as well as transcriptional factors and mapped lncRNAs to known signaling pathways involved in bone remodeling and mechanotransduction. Last, we developed combinative analysis between predicted and established lncRNAs, constructing a pathway–lncRNA network which suggests interactive relationships and new roles of known factors such as H19. In conclusion, our work provided a systematic quartet network analysis, uncovered candidate force-related lncRNAs, and highlighted both the upstream and downstream processes that are possibly involved. A new mode of bioinformatic analysis integrating sequencing data, literature retrieval, and computational algorithm was also introduced. Hopefully, our work would provide a moment of clarity against the multiplicity and complexity of the lncRNA world confronting mechanical input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, China Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dian Jing, ; Zhihe Zhao,
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dian Jing, ; Zhihe Zhao,
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Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Short Mitochondrial-produced Peptides for Anabolic Osteogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dong Q, Han Z, Tian L. Identification of Serum Exosome-Derived circRNA-miRNA-TF-mRNA Regulatory Network in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation in Peripheral Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:899503. [PMID: 35757392 PMCID: PMC9218277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.899503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is one of the most common systemic metabolic bone diseases, especially in postmenopausal women. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been implicated in various human diseases. However, the potential role of circRNAs in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remains largely unknown. The study aims to identify potential biomarkers and further understand the mechanism of PMOP by constructing a circRNA-associated ceRNA network. METHODS The PMOP-related datasets GSE161361, GSE64433, and GSE56116 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were applied to determine possible relevant functions of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The TRRUST database was used to predict differential transcription factor (TF)-mRNA regulatory pairs. Afterwards, combined CircBank and miRTarBase, circRNA-miRNA as well as miRNA-TF pairs were constructed. Then, a circRNA-miRNA-TF-mRNA network was established. Next, the correlation of mRNAs, TFs, and PMOP was verified by the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. And expression levels of key genes, including circRNAs, miRNAs, TFs, and mRNAs in the ceRNA network were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, to screen out signaling pathways related to key mRNAs of the ceRNA network, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed. RESULTS A total of 1201 DE mRNAs, 44 DE miRNAs, and 1613 DE circRNAs associated with PMOP were obtained. GO function annotation showed DE mRNAs were mainly related to inflammatory responses. KEGG analysis revealed DE mRNAs were mainly enriched in osteoclast differentiation, rheumatoid arthritis, hematopoietic cell lineage, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. We first identified 26 TFs and their target mRNAs. Combining DE miRNAs, miRNA-TF/mRNA pairs were obtained. Combining DE circRNAs, we constructed the ceRNA network contained 6 circRNAs, 4 miRNAs, 4 TFs, and 12 mRNAs. The expression levels of most genes detected by qRT-PCR were generally consistent with the microarray results. Combined with the qRT-PCR validation results, we eventually identified the ceRNA network that contained 4 circRNAs, 3 miRNAs, 3 TFs, and 9 mRNAs. The GSEA revealed that 9 mRNAs participate in many important signaling pathways, such as "olfactory transduction", "T cell receptor signaling pathway", and "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction". These pathways have been reported to the occurrence and development of PMOP. To sum up, key mRNAs in the ceRNA network may participate in the development of osteoporosis by regulating related signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS A circRNA-associated ceRNA network containing TFs was established for PMOP. The study may help further explore the molecular mechanisms and may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limin Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Limin Tian,
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Wang Z, Chai C, Wang R, Feng Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Single-cell transcriptome atlas of human mesenchymal stem cells exploring cellular heterogeneity. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e650. [PMID: 34965030 PMCID: PMC8715893 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is poorly understood, thus limiting clinical application and basic research reproducibility. Advanced single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a robust tool used to analyse for dissecting cellular heterogeneity. However, the comprehensive single-cell atlas for human MSCs has not been achieved. METHODS This study used massive parallel multiplexing scRNA-seq to construct an atlas of > 130 000 single-MSC transcriptomes across multiple tissues and donors to assess their heterogeneity. The most widely clinically utilised tissue resources for MSCs were collected, including normal bone marrow (n = 3), adipose (n = 3), umbilical cord (n = 2), and dermis (n = 3). RESULTS Seven tissue-specific and five conserved MSC subpopulations with distinct gene-expression signatures were identified from multiple tissue origins based on the high-quality data, which has not been achieved previously. This study showed that extracellular matrix (ECM) highly contributes to MSC heterogeneity. Notably, tissue-specific MSC subpopulations were substantially heterogeneous on ECM-associated immune regulation, antigen processing/presentation, and senescence, thus promoting inter-donor and intra-tissue heterogeneity. The variable dynamics of ECM-associated genes had discrete trajectory patterns across multiple tissues. Additionally, the conserved and tissue-specific transcriptomic-regulons and protein-protein interactions were identified, potentially representing common or tissue-specific MSC functional roles. Furthermore, the umbilical-cord-specific subpopulation possessed advantages in immunosuppressive properties. CONCLUSION In summary, this work provides timely and great insights into MSC heterogeneity at multiple levels. This MSC atlas taxonomy also provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity, thus revealing the potential improvements in MSC-based therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chengyan Chai
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yimei Feng
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Urologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xia Xiao
- Time Plastic Surgery HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Shijie Yang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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12
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Greenbaum J, Su KJ, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu A, Zhao LJ, Luo Z, Tian Q, Shen H, Deng HW. A multiethnic whole genome sequencing study to identify novel loci for bone mineral density. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1067-1081. [PMID: 34673960 PMCID: PMC8976433 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there have only been a few DNA sequencing-based studies to explore the genetic determinants of bone mineral density (BMD). We carried out the largest whole genome sequencing analysis to date for femoral neck and spine BMD (n = 4981), with one of the highest average sequencing depths implemented thus far at 22×, in a multiethnic sample (58% Caucasian and 42% African American) from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS). The LOS samples were combined with summary statistics from the GEFOS consortium and several independent samples of various ethnicities to perform GWAS meta-analysis (n = 44 506). We identified 31 and 30 genomic risk loci for femoral neck and spine BMD, respectively. The findings substantiate many previously reported susceptibility loci (e.g. WNT16 and ESR1) and reveal several others that are either novel or have not been widely replicated in GWAS for BMD, including two for femoral neck (IGF2 and ZNF423) and one for spine (SIPA1). Although we were not able to uncover ethnicity specific differences in the genetic determinants of BMD, we did identify several loci which demonstrated sex-specific associations, including two for women (PDE4D and PIGN) and three for men (TRAF3IP2, NFIB and LYSMD4). Gene-based rare variant association testing detected MAML2, a regulator of the Notch signaling pathway, which has not previously been suggested, for association with spine BMD. The findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhe Luo
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Section of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Director, Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., RM 1619F, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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13
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Mu H, Liu X, Geng S, Su D, Chang H, Li L, Jin H, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang B, Xie X. Epithelial Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 and 4 Are Indispensable for Tooth Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660644. [PMID: 34483952 PMCID: PMC8415269 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bmp2 and Bmp4 expressed in root mesenchyme were essential for the patterning and cellular differentiation of tooth root. The role of the epithelium-derived Bmps in tooth root development, however, had not been reported. In this study, we found that the double abrogation of Bmp2 and Bmp4 from mouse epithelium caused short root anomaly (SRA). The K14-cre;Bmp2f/f;Bmp4f/f mice exhibited a persistent Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS) with the reduced cell death, and the down-regulated BMP-Smad4 and Erk signaling pathways. Moreover, the Shh expression in the HERS, the Shh-Gli1 signaling, and Nfic expression in the root mesenchyme of the K14-cre;Bmp2f/f;Bmp4f/f mice were also decreased, indicating a disrupted epithelium- mesenchyme interaction between HERS and root mesenchyme. Such disruption suppressed the Osx and Dspp expression in the root mesenchyme, indicating an impairment on the differentiation and maturation of root odontoblasts. The impaired differentiation and maturation of root odontoblasts could be rescued partially by transgenic Dspp. Therefore, although required in a low dosage and with a functional redundancy, the epithelial Bmp2 and Bmp4 were indispensable for the HERS degeneration, as well as the differentiation and maturation of root mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Mu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuoshuo Geng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dian Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Heran Chang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kao YH, Igarashi N, Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ohshima H, MacDougall M, Takano Y, Den Besten P, Nakano Y. Fluoride Alters Signaling Pathways Associated with the Initiation of Dentin Mineralization in Enamel Fluorosis Susceptible Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3021-3034. [PMID: 33113116 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride can alter the formation of mineralized tissues, including enamel, dentin, and bone. Dentin fluorosis occurs in tandem with enamel fluorosis. However, the pathogenesis of dentin fluorosis and its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we report the effects of fluoride on the initiation of dentin matrix formation and odontoblast function. Mice from two enamel fluorosis susceptible strains (A/J and C57BL/6J) were given either 0 or 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 4 weeks. In both mouse strains, there was no overall change in dentin thickness, but fluoride treatment resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of the predentin layer. The lightly mineralized layer (LL), which lies at the border between predentin and fully mineralized dentin and is associated with dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), was absent in fluoride exposed mice. Consistent with a possible reduction of DPP, fluoride-treated mice showed reduced immunostaining for dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Fluoride reduced RUNX2, the transcription regulator of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), that is cleaved to form both DPP and DSP. In fluoride-treated mouse odontoblasts, the effect of fluoride was further seen in the upstream of RUNX2 as the reduced nuclear translocation of β-catenin and phosphorylated p65/NFκB. In vitro, MD10-F2 pre-odontoblast cells showed inhibition of the Dspp mRNA level in the presence of 10 μM fluoride, and qPCR analysis showed a significantly downregulated level of mRNAs for RUNX2, β-catenin, and Wnt10b. These findings indicate that in mice, systemic exposure to excess fluoride resulted in reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in differentiating odontoblasts to downregulate DSPP production via RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsing Kao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nanase Igarashi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mary MacDougall
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yoshiro Takano
- Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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15
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Niu G, Hellmuth I, Flisikowska T, Pausch H, Rieblinger B, Carrapeiro A, Schade B, Böhm B, Kappe E, Fischer K, Klinger B, Steiger K, Burgkart R, Bourdon JC, Saur D, Kind A, Schnieke A, Flisikowski K. Porcine model elucidates function of p53 isoform in carcinogenesis and reveals novel circTP53 RNA. Oncogene 2021; 40:1896-1908. [PMID: 33603167 PMCID: PMC7946636 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increasing number of genetically engineered pig models of human diseases including cancer. We previously generated pigs with a modified TP53 allele that carries a Cre-removable transcriptional stop signal in intron 1, and an oncogenic mutation TP53R167H (orthologous to human TP53R175H) in exon 5. Pigs with the unrecombined mutant allele (flTP53R167H) develop mainly osteosarcoma but also nephroblastomas and lymphomas. This observation suggested that TP53 gene dysfunction is itself the key initiator of bone tumorigenesis, but raises the question which aspects of the TP53 regulation lead to the development of such a narrow tumour spectrum. Molecular analysis of p53 revealed the presence of two internal TP53 promoters (Pint and P2) equivalent to those found in human. Consequently, both pig and human express TP53 isoforms. Data presented here strongly suggest that P2-driven expression of the mutant R167H-Δ152p53 isoform (equivalent to the human R175H-Δ160p53 isoform) and its circular counterpart circTP53 determine the tumour spectrum and play a critical role in the malignant transformation in flTP53R167H pigs. The detection of Δ152p53 isoform mRNA in serum is indicative of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we showed a tissue-specific p53-dependent deregulation of the p63 and p73 isoforms in these tumours. This study highlights important species-specific differences in the transcriptional regulation of TP53. Considering the similarities of TP53 regulation between pig and human, these observations provide useful pointers for further investigation into isoform function including the novel circTP53 in both the pig model and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Niu
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Hellmuth
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Beate Rieblinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Carrapeiro
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schade
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Brigitte Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Eva Kappe
- Department of Pathology, Bavarian Animal Health Service, Poing, Germany
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klinger
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reiner Burgkart
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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16
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Jiang Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Lv L, Zhou Y. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12956. [PMID: 33210341 PMCID: PMC7791182 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease with characteristics of bone loss and microstructural degeneration. The personal and societal costs of osteoporosis are increasing year by year as the ageing of population, posing challenges to public health care. Homing disorders, impaired capability of osteogenic differentiation, senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an imbalanced microenvironment, and disordered immunoregulation play important roles during the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The MSC transplantation promises to increase osteoblast differentiation and block osteoclast activation, and to rebalance bone formation and resorption. Preclinical investigations on MSC transplantation in the osteoporosis treatment provide evidences of enhancing osteogenic differentiation, increasing bone mineral density, and halting the deterioration of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, the latest techniques, such as gene modification, targeted modification and co-transplantation, are promising approaches to enhance the therapeutic effect and efficacy of MSCs. In addition, clinical trials of MSC therapy to treat osteoporosis are underway, which will fill the gap of clinical data. Although MSCs tend to be effective to treat osteoporosis, the urgent issues of safety, transplant efficiency and standardization of the manufacturing process have to be settled. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of clinical trials, including safety and efficacy, is still needed as an important basis for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of ProsthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyBeijingP.R. China
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17
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Liu Q, Li M, Wang S, Xiao Z, Xiong Y, Wang G. Recent Advances of Osterix Transcription Factor in Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:601224. [PMID: 33384998 PMCID: PMC7769847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectations, more and more patients suffer from fractures either induced by intensive sports or other bone-related diseases. The balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is the basis for maintaining bone health. Osterix (Osx) has long been known to be an essential transcription factor for the osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests that Osx not only plays an important role in intramembranous bone formation, but also affects endochondral ossification by participating in the terminal cartilage differentiation. Given its essentiality in skeletal development and bone formation, Osx has become a new research hotspot in recent years. In this review, we focus on the progress of Osx's function and its regulation in osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. And the potential role of Osx in developing new therapeutic strategies for osteolytic diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Mao Li
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Neuroendocrine Diseases, College of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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18
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Li C, Duan G, Feng Y. Downregulation of miR-184 facilitates osseous differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cells by modulating nuclear factor I-C. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:668-675. [PMID: 33854717 PMCID: PMC8025194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose PDLSCs (periodontal ligament stem cells), derived from dental tissues, are candidate cells for regeneration of dental tissues. MiRNAs could regulate osteogenic differentiation and the transformation into osteoblasts. This study was conducted to figure out how miR-184 regulates osteoblastic differentiation in PDLSCs. Materials and methods PDLSCs were isolated from premolars, and the osteoblastic differentiation was validated via Alizarin red staining and determination of ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity. Expression of osteogenic specific genes were evaluated by western blot, and the expression pattern of miR-184 was determined by qRT-PCR. Target gene of miR-184 was then verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. Results Osteogenic-induced PDLSCs were successfully established with increased mineral deposition, ALP activity and protein expression of RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2), osterix and BSP (bone sialoprotein). MiR-184 was reduced during osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs, and over-expression of miR-184 suppressed osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by reduction in mineral deposition, ALP activity and protein expression of RUNX2, osterix and BSP. MiR-184 could target NFI-C (nuclear factor I-C), and inhibit NFI-C expression in PDLSCs. NFI-C was enhanced during osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs, suggesting negative correlation with miR-184. Forced NFI-C expression promoted osteoblastic differentiation, and counteracted with the suppressive effects of miR-184 on osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion Downregulation of miR-184 facilitates osteoblastic differentiation in PDLSCs by modulating NFI-C, providing novel therapeutic strategy for regeneration of dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Guanglin Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yaopu Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Baoji Stomatological Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
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Tang H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Kang X, Han R. Integrative analysis of long non-coding RNA and mRNA in broilers with valgus-varus deformity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239450. [PMID: 32970714 PMCID: PMC7514040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone abnormality and leg disease in commercial broiler flocks are increasingly prominent, causing serious economic losses to the broiler breeding industry. Valgus-varus deformity (VVD) is a common deformity of the long bone in broilers that manifests as an outward or inward deviation of the tibiotarsus or tarsometatarsus. There is a paucity of studies on the molecular mechanisms of VVD. RESULTS In this study, 6 cDNA libraries were constructed from spleen samples from VVD birds and normal birds. A total of 1951 annotated lncRNAs, 7943 novel lncRNAs and 30252 mRNAs were identified by RNA-sequencing. In addition, 420 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 124 differentially expressed lncRNAs (adjusted P-value < 0.05) were obtained. A total of 16 dysregulated genes were confirmed by qPCR to be consistent with the results of the RNA-Seq. The functional lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed using differentially expressed mRNAs and target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. 11 DE genes were obtained from the analysis. In order to gain insight into the interactions of genes, lncRNAs and pathways associated with VVD, we focused on the following pathways, which are involved in immunity and bone development: the Jak-stat signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Wnt-signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway and Fanconi anemia pathway. All together, 30 candidate DE genes were obtained from these pathways. We then analyzed the interaction between the DE genes and their corresponding lncRNAs. From these interaction network analyses we found that GARS, NFIC, PIK3R1, BMP6, NOTCH1, ACTB and CREBBP were the key core nodes of these networks. CONCLUSION This study showed that differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were related to immunity or bone development. These results increase the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of VVD and provide some reference for the etiology and pathogenesis of VVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Lee DS, Roh SY, Choi H, Park JC. NFI-C Is Required for Epiphyseal Chondrocyte Proliferation during Postnatal Cartilage Development. Mol Cells 2020; 43:739-748. [PMID: 32759468 PMCID: PMC7468589 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stringent regulation of the chondrocyte cell cycle is required for endochondral bone formation. During the longitudinal growth of long bones, mesenchymal stem cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes. Epiphyseal chondrocytes sequentially differentiate to form growth- plate cartilage, which is subsequently replaced with bone. Although the importance of nuclear factor 1C (Nfic) in hard tissue formation has been extensively studied, knowledge regarding its biological roles and molecular mechanisms in this process remains insufficient. Herein, we demonstrated that Nfic deficiency affects femoral growth-plate formation. Chondrocyte proliferation was downregulated and the number of apoptotic cell was increased in the growth plates of Nfic-/- mice. Further, the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 was upregulated in the primary chondrocytes of Nfic-/- mice, whereas that of cyclin D1 was downregulated. Our findings suggest that Nfic may contribute to postnatal chondrocyte proliferation by inhibiting p21 expression and by increasing the stability of cyclin D1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seol Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Song Yi Roh
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hojae Choi
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Present address: Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 8506, USA
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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21
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Son C, Choi MS, Park JC. Different Responsiveness of Alveolar Bone and Long Bone to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interaction-Related Factor. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10382. [PMID: 32803111 PMCID: PMC7422712 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone is both morphologically and functionally different from other bones of the axial or peripheral skeleton. Because of its sensitive nature to external stimuli including mechanical stress, bone loss stimuli, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, alveolar bone rendering is seen as an important factor in various dental surgical processes. Although multiple studies have validated the response of long bone to various factors, how alveolar bone responds to functional stimuli still needs further clarification. To examine the characteristics of bone in vitro, we isolated cells from alveolar, femur, and tibia bone tissue. Although primary cultured mouse alveolar bone-derived cells (mABDCs) and mouse long bone-derived cells (mLBDCs) exhibited similar osteoblastic characteristics, morphology, and proliferation rates, both showed distinct expression of neural crest (NC) and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI)-related genes. Furthermore, they showed significantly different mineralization rates. RNA sequencing data demonstrated distinct transcriptome profiles of alveolar bone and long bone. Osteogenic, NC-, and EMI-related genes showed distinct expression between mABDCs and mLBDCs. When the gene expression patterns during osteogenic differentiation were analyzed, excluding several osteogenic genes, NC- and EMI-related genes showed different expression patterns. Among EMI-related proteins, BMP4 elevated the expression levels of osteogenic genes, Msx2, Dlx5, and Bmp2 the most, more noticeably in mABDCs than in mLBDCs during osteogenic differentiation. In in vivo models, the BMP4-treated mABDC group showed massive bone formation and maturation as opposed to its counterpart. Bone sialoprotein expression was also validated in calcified tissues. Overall, our data suggest that alveolar bone and long bone have different responsiveness to EMI by distinct gene regulation. In particular, BMP4 has critical bone formation effects on alveolar bone, but not on long bone. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Son
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Moon Sil Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene Songwon University Gwangju South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
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22
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Cho YD, Kim BS, Kim WJ, Kim HJ, Baek JH, Woo KM, Seol YJ, Ku Y, Ryoo HM. Histone acetylation together with DNA demethylation empowers higher plasticity in adipocytes to differentiate into osteoblasts. Gene 2020; 733:144274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Yu M, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Xi Y, Yang G. Molecular mechanisms for short root anomaly. Oral Dis 2020; 27:142-150. [PMID: 31883171 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Short root anomaly (SRA) is a dental disorder that presents an abnormal root morphology with short and blunt dental roots. In this situation, many dental treatments face a difficult challenge, especially orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments. Therefore, an understanding of how SRA develops is urgently needed. Here we describe that the abnormal expression of nuclear factor I C-type (Nfic), osterix (Osx), hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad, Wnt, β-catenin, and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) leads to SRA. These factors interact with each other and constitute complicated signaling network in tooth formation. Specifically, BMP signaling inhibits the activity of Wnt/β-catenin directly or by inducing Osx via Runx2-dependent and Runx2-independent pathways. And Osx is a main inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In return, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has an antagonistic action of BMP pathway and a stimulation of Runx2. We highlight the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathological mechanisms. Either suppression or overactivation of this signaling influences the normal odontogenesis. Finally, we list rescue experiments on animal models, which have been reported to restore the interrupted cell differentiation and impaired tooth formation. We hope to find potential treatments for SRA based on these evidences in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xi
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Tanaka Y, Sonoda S, Yamaza H, Murata S, Nishida K, Kyumoto-Nakamura Y, Uehara N, Nonaka K, Kukita T, Yamaza T. Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment and Suppressive Regulation of AKT Accelerate Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2019; 45:591-598.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Disruption of mesoderm formation during cardiac differentiation due to developmental exposure to 13-cis-retinoic acid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12960. [PMID: 30154523 PMCID: PMC6113333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, INN) is an oral pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of skin acne, and is also a known teratogen. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying INN-induced developmental toxicity during early cardiac differentiation were investigated using both human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Pre-exposure of hiPSCs and hESCs to a sublethal concentration of INN did not influence cell proliferation and pluripotency. However, mesodermal differentiation was disrupted when INN was included in the medium during differentiation. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq revealed that INN exposure leads to aberrant expression of genes involved in several signaling pathways that control early mesoderm differentiation, such as TGF-beta signaling. In addition, genome-wide chromatin accessibility profiling by ATAC-seq suggested that INN-exposure leads to enhanced DNA-binding of specific transcription factors (TFs), including HNF1B, SOX10 and NFIC, often in close spatial proximity to genes that are dysregulated in response to INN treatment. Altogether, these results identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying INN-induced perturbation during mesodermal differentiation in the context of cardiac development. This study further highlights the utility of human stem cells as an alternative system for investigating congenital diseases of newborns that arise as a result of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy.
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26
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Kochmanski J, Marchlewicz EH, Cavalcante RG, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Age-related epigenome-wide DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in longitudinal mouse blood. Epigenetics 2018; 13:779-792. [PMID: 30079798 PMCID: PMC6224215 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1507198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides changes as a function of age in humans and animal models, a process that may contribute to chronic disease development. Recent studies have investigated the role of an oxidized form of DNA methylation - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) - in the epigenome, but its contribution to age-related DNA methylation remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that 5hmC changes with age, but in a direction opposite to 5-methylcytosine (5mC), potentially playing a distinct role in aging. To characterize epigenetic aging, genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC were measured in longitudinal blood samples (2, 4, and 10 months of age) from isogenic mice using two sequencing methods - enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. Examining the epigenome by age, we identified 28,196 unique differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and 8,613 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs). Mouse blood showed a general pattern of epigenome-wide hypermethylation and hypo-hydroxymethylation with age. Comparing age-related DMCs and DHMRs, 1,854 annotated genes showed both differential 5mC and 5hmC, including one gene - Nfic - at five CpGs in the same 250 bp chromosomal region. At this region, 5mC and 5hmC levels both decreased with age. Reflecting these age-related epigenetic changes, Nfic RNA expression in blood decreased with age, suggesting that age-related regulation of this gene may be driven by 5hmC, not canonical DNA methylation. Combined, our genome-wide results show age-related differential 5mC and 5hmC, as well as some evidence that changes in 5hmC may drive age-related DNA methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kochmanski
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Marchlewicz
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond G. Cavalcante
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Lee DS, Roh SY, Park JC. The Nfic-osterix pathway regulates ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:531-540. [PMID: 30091046 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enamel makes up the outermost layer of the crown and its hardness protects other dental tissues from various stimuli. Enamel cannot be regenerated once damaged because ameloblasts are lost during the tooth eruption. Since the ameloblast differentiation mechanism is still unknown, further research is essential for developing treatments for defective or damaged enamel. Previously, we have reported that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation were regulated through the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)-nuclear factor 1-C (Nfic)-osterix (Osx) pathway where Nfic directly controls Osx expression. This pathway regulates odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation as well. The aim of this study was to investigate if the same pathway is applicable for ameloblast differentiation. Structural enamel defects with disorganized ameloblasts and decreased proliferation activity of the cervical loop were observed in Nfic-/- mice incisors. Expression of the ameloblast differentiation markers was also downregulated significantly in Nfic-/- mice. Real-time PCR analyses suggested that Runx2, Nfic, and Osx regulate the expression of ameloblast differentiation markers, where Runx2 is upstream of Nfic, and Nfic controls Osx expression. Therefore, we suggest the Runx2-Nfic-Osx pathway as one of the key factors that regulate ameloblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Roh
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Laboratory for the Study of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 86 dong-506, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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28
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Zhu DL, Chen XF, Hu WX, Dong SS, Lu BJ, Rong Y, Chen YX, Chen H, Thynn HN, Wang NN, Guo Y, Yang TL. Multiple Functional Variants at 13q14 Risk Locus for Osteoporosis Regulate RANKL Expression Through Long-Range Super-Enhancer. J Bone Miner Res 2018. [PMID: 29528523 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RANKL is a key regulator involved in bone metabolism, and a drug target for osteoporosis. The clinical diagnosis and assessment of osteoporosis are mainly based on bone mineral density (BMD). Previous powerful genomewide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located over 100 kb upstream of RANKL and 65 kb downstream of AKAP11 at 13q14.11 for osteoporosis. Whether these SNPs exert their roles on osteoporosis through RANKL is unknown. In this study, we conducted integrative analyses combining expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL), genomic chromatin interaction (high-throughput chromosome conformation capture [Hi-C]), epigenetic annotation, and a series of functional assays. The eQTL analysis identified six potential functional SNPs (rs9533090, rs9594738, r8001611, rs9533094, rs9533095, and rs9594759) exclusively correlated with RANKL gene expression (p < 0.001) at 13q14.11. Co-localization analyses suggested that eQTL signal for RANKL and BMD-GWAS signal shared the same causal variants. Hi-C analysis and functional annotation further validated that the first five osteoporosis SNPs are located in a super-enhancer region to regulate the expression of RANKL via long-range chromosomal interaction. Particularly, dual-luciferase assay showed that the region harboring rs9533090 in the super-enhancer has the strongest enhancer activity, and rs9533090 is an allele-specific regulatory SNP. Furthermore, deletion of the region harboring rs9533090 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing significantly reduced RANKL expression in both mRNA level and protein level. Finally, we found that the rs9533090-C robustly recruits transcription factor NFIC, which efficiently elevates the enhancer activity and increases the RANKL expression. In summary, we provided a feasible method to identify regulatory noncoding SNPs to distally regulate their target gene underlying the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by using bioinformatics data analyses and experimental validation. Our findings would be a potential and promising therapeutic target for precision medicine in osteoporosis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hlaing Nwe Thynn
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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29
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Abstract
Tooth is made of an enamel-covered crown and a cementum-covered root. Studies on crown dentin formation have been a major focus in tooth development for several decades. Interestingly, the population prevalence for genetic short root anomaly (SRA) with no apparent defects in crown is close to 1.3%. Furthermore, people with SRA itself are predisposed to root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The discovery of the unique role of Nfic (nuclear factor I C; a transcriptional factor) in controlling root but not crown dentin formation points to a new concept: tooth crown and root have different control mechanisms. Further genetic mechanism studies have identified more key molecules (including Osterix, β-catenin, and sonic hedgehog) that play a critical role in root formation. Extensive studies have also revealed the critical role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in tooth root formation. In addition, Wnt10a has recently been found to be linked to multirooted tooth furcation formation. These exciting findings not only fill the critical gaps in our understanding about tooth root formation but will aid future research regarding the identifying factors controlling tooth root size and the generation of a whole "bio-tooth" for therapeutic purposes. This review starts with human SRA and mainly focuses on recent progress on the roles of NFIC-dependent and NFIC-independent signaling pathways in tooth root formation. Finally, this review includes a list of the various Cre transgenic mouse lines used to achieve tooth root formation-related gene deletion or overexpression, as well as strengths and limitations of each line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- 1 Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Q Feng
- 1 Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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30
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The convergent roles of the nuclear factor I transcription factors in development and cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 410:124-138. [PMID: 28962832 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) transcription factors play important roles during normal development and have been associated with developmental abnormalities in humans. All four family members, NFIA, NFIB, NFIC and NFIX, have a homologous DNA binding domain and function by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation via the transcriptional control of their target genes. More recently, NFI genes have also been implicated in cancer based on genomic analyses and studies of animal models in a variety of tumours across multiple organ systems. However, the association between their functions in development and in cancer is not well described. In this review, we summarise the evidence suggesting a converging role for the NFI genes in development and cancer. Our review includes all cancer types in which the NFI genes are implicated, focusing predominantly on studies demonstrating their oncogenic or tumour-suppressive potential. We conclude by presenting the challenges impeding our understanding of NFI function in cancer biology, and demonstrate how a developmental perspective may contribute towards overcoming such hurdles.
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31
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Bae HS, Yoon WJ, Cho YD, Islam R, Shin HR, Kim BS, Lim JM, Seo MS, Cho SA, Choi KY, Baek SH, Kim HG, Woo KM, Baek JH, Lee YS, Ryoo HM. An HDAC Inhibitor, Entinostat/MS-275, Partially Prevents Delayed Cranial Suture Closure in Heterozygous Runx2 Null Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:951-961. [PMID: 28052439 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder caused by mutations in RUNX2, coding a key transcription factor of early osteogenesis. CCD patients suffer from developmental defects in cranial bones. Despite numerous investigations and clinical approaches, no therapeutic strategy has been suggested to prevent CCD. Here, we show that fetal administration of Entinostat/MS-275, a class I histone deacetylase (HDAC)-specific inhibitor, partially prevents delayed closure of cranial sutures in Runx2+/- mice strain of C57BL/6J by two mechanisms: 1) posttranslational acetylation of Runx2 protein, which stabilized the protein and activated its transcriptional activity; and 2) epigenetic regulation of Runx2 and other bone marker genes. Moreover, we show that MS-275 stimulates osteoblast proliferation effectively both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that delayed skeletal development in CCD is closely related to the decreased number of progenitor cells as well as the delayed osteogenic differentiation. These findings provide the potential benefits of the therapeutic strategy using MS-275 to prevent CCD. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sol Bae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joon Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dan Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rabia Islam
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Muk Lim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and CHO&KIM Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Ae Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and CHO&KIM Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gee Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Roh SY, Park JC. The role of nuclear factor I-C in tooth and bone development. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 43:63-69. [PMID: 28462188 PMCID: PMC5410429 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes such as odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. Nfic-deficient mice showed abnormal tooth and bone formation. The transplantation of Nfic-expressing mouse bone marrow stromal cells rescued the impaired bone formation in Nfic-/- mice. Studies suggest that NFI-C regulate osteogenesis and dentinogenesis in concert with several factors including transforming growth factor-β1, Krüppel-like factor 4, and β-catenin. This review will focus on the function of NFI-C during tooth and bone formation and on the relevant pathways that involve NFI-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Roh
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Screening for Key Pathways Associated with the Development of Osteoporosis by Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8589347. [PMID: 28466021 PMCID: PMC5390640 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8589347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. We aimed to find the key pathways associated with the development of osteoporosis. Methods. We downloaded expression profile data of GSE35959 and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 3 comparison groups (old_op versus middle, old_op versus old, and old_op versus senescent). KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out. Besides, Venn diagram analysis and gene functional interaction (FI) network analysis were performed. Results. Totally 520 DEGs, 966 DEGs, and 709 DEGs were obtained in old_op versus middle, old_op versus old, and old_op versus senescent groups, respectively. Lysosome pathway was the significantly enriched pathways enriched by intersection genes. The pathways enriched by subnetwork modules suggested that mitotic metaphase and anaphase and signaling by Rho GTPases in module 1 had more proteins from module. Conclusions. Lysosome pathway, mitotic metaphase and anaphase, and signaling by Rho GTPases may be involved in the development of osteoporosis. Furthermore, Rho GTPases may regulate the balance of bone resorption and bone formation via controlling osteoclast and osteoblast. These 3 pathways may be regarded as the treatment targets for osteoporosis.
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Zhou J, Wang S, Qi Q, Yang X, Zhu E, Yuan H, Li X, Liu Y, Li X, Wang B. Nuclear factor I‐C reciprocally regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation
via
control of canonical Wnt signaling. FASEB J 2017; 31:1939-1952. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600975rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic DiseasesMetabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of EndocrinologyTianjinChina
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Qi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Stomatological HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Endong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
| | - Hairui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
| | - Xuemei Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Stomatological HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjinChina
| | - Baoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and DevelopmentMinistry of HealthTianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic DiseasesTianjinChina
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic DiseasesMetabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of EndocrinologyTianjinChina
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35
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MicroRNA-322 inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression and promotes cell proliferation in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages by targeting NF-κB1 (p50). Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160239. [PMID: 27986864 PMCID: PMC5240588 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body’s normal self-protection mechanism to eliminate pathogens and resist pathogen invasion. The excessive inflammatory response may lead to inflammatory lesions. The mechanisms accounting for inflammation remain hazy. miRNAs have been proposed to have crucial effects on inflammation. In the present study, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the cell-cycle progression was suppressed in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-322 was significantly down-regulated after LPS treatment. Bioinformatics predictions revealed a potential binding site of miR-322 in 3′-UTR of NF-κB1 (p50) and it was further confirmed by luciferase assay. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB1 (p50) were down-regulated by miR-322 in RAW264.7 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that miR-322 mimics decrease in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and cell-cycle repression can be rescued following LPS treatment in RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory cytokines expression including IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, miR-322 could also promote RAW264.7 cells proliferation. These results demonstrate that miR-322 is a negative regulator of inflammatory response by targeting NF-κB1 (p50).
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36
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Osterix represses adipogenesis by negatively regulating PPARγ transcriptional activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35655. [PMID: 27752121 PMCID: PMC5067693 DOI: 10.1038/srep35655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osterix is a novel bone-related transcription factor involved in osteoblast differentiation, and bone maturation. Because a reciprocal relationship exists between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, we hypothesized that Osterix might have a role in adipogenesis. Ablation of Osterix enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas overexpression suppressed this process and inhibited the expression of adipogenic markers including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Further studies indicated that Osterix significantly decreased PPARγ-induced transcriptional activity. Using co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down analysis, we found that Osterix directly interacts with PPARγ. The ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ was responsible for this interaction, which was followed by repression of PPARγ-induced transcriptional activity, even in the presence of rosiglitazone. Taken together, we identified the Osterix has an important regulatory role on PPARγ activity, which contributed to the mechanism of adipogenesis.
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37
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Scaffold-Free Fabrication of Osteoinductive Cellular Constructs Using Mouse Gingiva-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6240794. [PMID: 27110251 PMCID: PMC4826709 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6240794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell constructs are expected to provide osteoinductive materials to develop cell-based therapies for bone regeneration. The proliferation and spontaneous aggregation capability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) thus prompted us to fabricate a scaffold-free iPSC construct as a transplantation vehicle. Embryoid bodies of mouse gingival fibroblast-derived iPSCs (GF-iPSCs) were seeded in a cell chamber with a round-bottom well made of a thermoresponsive hydrogel. Collected ball-like cell constructs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium for 30 days with gentle shaking, resulting in significant upregulation of osteogenic marker genes. The constructs consisted of an inner region of unstructured cell mass and an outer osseous tissue region that was surrounded by osteoblast progenitor-like cells. The outer osseous tissue was robustly calcified with elemental calcium and phosphorous as well as hydroxyapatite. Subcutaneous transplantation of the GF-iPSC constructs into immunodeficient mice contributed to extensive ectopic bone formation surrounded by teratoma tissue. These results suggest that mouse GF-iPSCs could facilitate the fabrication of osteoinductive scaffold-free 3D cell constructs, in which the calcified regions and surrounding osteoblasts may function as scaffolds and drivers of osteoinduction, respectively. With incorporation of technologies to inhibit teratoma formation, this system could provide a promising strategy for bone regenerative therapies.
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38
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He YD, Sui BD, Li M, Huang J, Chen S, Wu LA. Site-specific function and regulation of Osterix in tooth root formation. Int Endod J 2016; 49:1124-1131. [PMID: 26599722 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diseases of tooth roots, in terms of developmental abnormalities of short and thin root phenotypes, can lead to loss of teeth. A more complete understanding of the genetic molecular pathways and biological processes controlling tooth root formation is required. Recent studies have revealed that Osterix (Osx), a key mesenchymal transcriptional factor participating in both the processes of osteogenesis and odontogenesis, plays a vital role underlying the mechanisms of developmental differences between root and crown. During tooth development, Osx expression has been identified from late embryonic to postnatal stages when the tooth root develops, particularly in odontoblasts and cementoblasts to promote their differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, the site-specific function of Osx in tooth root formation has been confirmed, because odontoblastic Osx-conditional knockout mice demonstrate primarily short and thin root phenotypes with no apparent abnormalities in the crown (Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 30, 2014 and 742, Journal of Dental Research 94, 2015 and 430). These findings suggest that Osx functions to promote odontoblast and cementoblast differentiation and root elongation only in root, but not in crown formation. Mechanistic research shows regulatory networks of Osx expression, which can be controlled through manipulating the epithelial BMP signalling, mesenchymal Runx2 expression and cellular phosphorylation levels, indicating feasible routes of promoting Osx expression postnatally (Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 114, 2013 and 975). In this regard, a promising approach might be available to regenerate the congenitally diseased root and that regenerative therapy would be the best choice for patients with developmental tooth diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D He
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - B D Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Basic Medical College, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Developmental Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L A Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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39
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Wang F, Okawa H, Kamano Y, Niibe K, Kayashima H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Saeki M, Yatani H, Egusa H. Controlled Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tetracycline-Controlled Transcriptional Activation of Amelogenin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145677. [PMID: 26709694 PMCID: PMC4692545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dental therapies for bone tissues rely on efficient targeting of endogenous and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to guide bone formation. Amelogenin is the primary component of Emdogain, which is used to regenerate periodontal defects; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects on alveolar bone remain unclear. The tetracycline (Tet)-dependent transcriptional regulatory system is a good candidate to investigate distinct roles of genes of interest during stem cell differentiation. Here, we investigated amelogenin-dependent regulation of osteogenesis in MSCs by establishing a Tet-controlled transcriptional activation system. Clonal mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were lentivirally transduced with the Tet repressor (TetR) expression vector followed by drug selection to obtain MSCs constitutively expressing TetR (MSCs-TetR). Expression vectors that contained the Tet operator and amelogenin-coding (Amelx) cDNA fragments were constructed using the Gateway system and lentivirally introduced into MSCs-TetR to generate a Tet regulation system in MSCs (MSCs-TetR/Amelx). MSCs-TetR/Amelx significantly overexpressed the Amelx gene and protein in the presence of the tetracycline derivative doxycycline. Concomitant expression of osterix, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin was modulated by addition or removal of doxycycline under osteogenic guidance. During osteogenic induction, MSCs-TetR/Amelx treated with doxycycline showed significantly increased gene expression of osterix, type I collagen, BSP, and osteocalcin in addition to increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Enhanced extracellular matrix calcification was observed when forced Amelx expression commenced at the early stage but not at the intermediate or late stages of osteogenesis. These results suggest that a Tet-controlled Amelx gene regulation system for mouse MSCs was successfully established, in which transcriptional activation of Amelx was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation, especially in the early stage of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kayashima
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
Skeletal loading is an important physiological regulator of bone mass. Theoretically, mechanical forces or administration of drugs that activate bone mechanosensors would be a novel treatment for osteoporotic disorders, particularly age-related osteoporosis and other bone loss caused by skeletal unloading. Uncertainty regarding the identity of the molecular targets that sense and transduce mechanical forces in bone, however, has limited the therapeutic exploitation of mechanosesning pathways to control bone mass. Recently, two evolutionally conserved mechanosensing pathways have been shown to function as "physical environment" sensors in cells of the osteoblasts lineage. Indeed, polycystin-1 (Pkd1, or PC1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2, or PC2' or TRPP2), which form a flow sensing receptor channel complex, and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, or WWTR1), which responds to the extracellular matrix microenvironment act in concert to reciprocally regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis through co-activating Runx2 and a co-repressing PPARγ activities. Interactions of polycystins and TAZ with other putative mechanosensing mechanism, such as primary cilia, integrins and hemichannels, may create multifaceted mechanosensing networks in bone. Moreover, modulation of polycystins and TAZ interactions identify novel molecular targets to develop small molecules that mimic the effects of mechanical loading on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
| | - Leigh Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38165, USA
- Coleman College of Medicine Building, Suite B216, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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41
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Zhang H, Jiang Y, Qin C, Liu Y, Ho SP, Feng JQ. Essential role of osterix for tooth root but not crown dentin formation. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:742-6. [PMID: 25349111 PMCID: PMC4617775 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tooth is made of crown and root. It is widely believed that dentin formation in crown and root uses the same regulatory mechanism. However, identification of nuclear factor 1 C (NFIC)'s unique function in determining root but not crown dentin formation challenges the old thinking. In searching for the target molecules downstream of NFIC, we unexpectedly found a sharp reduction of osterix (OSX), the key transcription factor in skeleton formation, in the Nfic knockout (Nfic-KO) tooth root. We then demonstrated a dose-dependent increase of Osx in the odontoblast cell line due to a transient transfection of Nfic expression plasmid. Studies of global and conditional Osx-KO mice revealed no apparent changes in the crown dentin tubules and dentin matrix. However, the OSX conditional KO (cKO) mice (crossed to the 2.3-kb collagen type 1 [Col1]-Cre) displayed an increase in cell proliferation but great decreases in expressions of root dentin matrix proteins (dentin matrix protein 1 [DMP1] and dentin sialophosphoprotein [DSPP]), leading to an inhibition in odontoblast differentiation, and short, thin root dentin with few dentin tubules. Compared to the Nfic-KO tooth, which contains essentially no dentin tubules and remains in a "root-less" status at adult stages, the Osx-cKO root phenotype had partially improved at the late stage, indicating that other factors can compensate for OSX function. Thus, we conclude that OSX, one of the key downstream molecules of NFIC, plays a critical role in root, but not crown, formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
| | - Sunita P. Ho
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian Q. Feng
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
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42
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Abdallah BM, Jafari A, Zaher W, Qiu W, Kassem M. Skeletal (stromal) stem cells: an update on intracellular signaling pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2015; 70:28-36. [PMID: 25138551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal (marrow stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Studying signaling pathways that regulate BMSC differentiation into osteoblastic cells is a strategy for identifying druggable targets for enhancing bone formation. This review will discuss the functions and the molecular mechanisms of action on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; of a number of recently identified regulatory molecules: the non-canonical Notch signaling molecule Delta-like 1/preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1/Pref-1), the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 and intracellular kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Zaher
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Song L, Xie XB, Peng LK, Yu SJ, Peng YT. Mechanism and Treatment Strategy of Osteoporosis after Transplantation. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:280164. [PMID: 26273295 PMCID: PMC4530234 DOI: 10.1155/2015/280164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) has emerged as a frequent and devastating complication of organ solid transplantation process. Bone loss after organ transplant is related to adverse effects of immunosuppressants on bone remodeling and bone quality. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of OP in transplanted patients. Many mechanisms of OP have been deeply approached. Drugs for OP can be generally divided into "bone resorption inhibitors" and "bone formation accelerators," the former hindering bone resorption by osteoclasts and the latter increasing bone formation by osteoblasts. Currently, bisphosphonates, which are bone resorption inhibitors drugs, are more commonly used clinically than others. Using the signaling pathway or implantation bone marrow stem cell provides a novel direction for the treatment of OP, especially OP after transplantation. This review addresses the mechanism of OP and its correlation with organ transplantation, lists prevention and management of bone loss in the transplant recipient, and discusses the recipients of different age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xu-Biao Xie
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- *Xu-Biao Xie:
| | - Long-Kai Peng
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shao-Jie Yu
- Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ya-Ting Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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44
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Harris L, Genovesi LA, Gronostajski RM, Wainwright BJ, Piper M. Nuclear factor one transcription factors: Divergent functions in developmental versus adult stem cell populations. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:227-38. [PMID: 25156673 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor one (NFI) transcription factors are a group of site-specific DNA-binding proteins that are emerging as critical regulators of stem cell biology. During development NFIs promote the production of differentiated progeny at the expense of stem cell fate, with Nfi null mice exhibiting defects such as severely delayed brain and lung maturation, skeletomuscular defects and renal abnormalities, phenotypes that are often consistent with patients with congenital Nfi mutations. Intriguingly, recent research suggests that in adult tissues NFI factors play a qualitatively different role than during development, with NFIs serving to promote the survival and maintenance of slow-cycling adult stem cell populations rather than their differentiation. Here we review the role of NFI factors in development, largely focusing on their role as promoters of stem cell differentiation, and attempt to reconcile this with the emerging role of NFIs in adult stem cell niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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45
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Lee HK, Lee DS, Park SJ, Cho KH, Bae HS, Park JC. Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) regulates dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and E-cadherin via control of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) during dentinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28225-36. [PMID: 25138274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts are a type of terminally differentiated matrix-secreting cells. A number of molecular mechanisms are involved in the differentiation of odontoblasts. Several studies demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promotes odontoblast differentiation via control of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Because nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) is also known to control DSPP, we investigated the relationship between NFIC and KLF4 during odontoblast differentiation. Klf4 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in Nfic(-/-) pulp cells compared with wild type cells. In immunohistochemistry assays, dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), and DSP protein expression was barely observed in Nfic(-/-) odontoblasts and dentin matrix. Nfic bound directly to the Klf4 promoter and stimulated Klf4 transcriptional activity, thereby regulating Dmp1 and DSPP expression during odontoblast differentiation. Nfic or Klf4 overexpression promoted mineralized nodule formation in MDPC-23 cells. In addition, Nfic overexpression also decreased Slug luciferase activity but augmented E-cadherin promoter activity via up-regulation of Klf4 in odontoblasts. Our study reveals important signaling pathways during dentinogenesis: the Nfic-Klf4-Dmp1-Dspp and the Nfic-Klf4-E-cadherin pathways in odontoblasts. Our results indicate the important role of NFIC in regulating KLF4 during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Lee
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehagro, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
| | - Dong-Seol Lee
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehagro, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
| | - Su-Jin Park
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehagro, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
| | - Kwang-Hee Cho
- the Department of Dental Hygiene, Namseoul University, Cheon-An, Chung-Nam 331-707, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Bae
- the Department of Dental Hygiene, Namseoul University, Cheon-An, Chung-Nam 331-707, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehagro, Chongro-gu, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
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