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Haskell A, White BP, Rogers RE, Goebel E, Lopez MG, Syvyk AE, de Oliveira DA, Barreda HA, Benton J, Benavides OR, Dalal S, Bae E, Zhang Y, Maitland K, Nikolov Z, Liu F, Lee RH, Kaunas R, Gregory CA. Scalable manufacture of therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cell products on customizable microcarriers in vertical wheel bioreactors that improve direct visualization, product harvest, and cost. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:372-382. [PMID: 38363250 PMCID: PMC11057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and their secreted products show great promise for treatment of musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory or immune diseases. However, the path to clinical utilization is hampered by donor-tissue variation and the inability to manufacture clinically relevant yields of cells or their products in a cost-effective manner. Previously we described a method to produce chemically and mechanically customizable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microcarriers for culture of hMSCs. Herein, we demonstrate scalable GelMA microcarrier-mediated expansion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hMSCs (ihMSCs) in 500 mL and 3L vertical wheel bioreactors, offering several advantages over conventional microcarrier and monolayer-based expansion strategies. METHODS Human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from induced pluripotent cells were cultured on custom-made spherical gelatin methacryloyl microcarriers in single-use vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS Biotech). Cell-laden microcarriers were visualized using confocal microscopy and elastic light scattering methodologies. Cells were assayed for viability and differentiation potential in vitro by standard methods. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from cells was tested in vitro for osteogenic healing using a rodent calvarial defect assay. Immune modulation was assayed with an in vivo peritonitis model using Zymozan A. RESULTS The optical properties of GelMA microcarriers permit noninvasive visualization of cells with elastic light scattering modalities, and harvest of product is streamlined by microcarrier digestion. At volumes above 500 mL, the process is significantly more cost-effective than monolayer culture. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from ihMSCs expanded on GelMA microcarriers exhibited enhanced in vivo bone regenerative capacity when compared to bone morphogenic protein 2, and the ihMSCs exhibited superior immunosuppressive properties in vivo when compared to monolayer-generated ihMSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the cell expansion strategy described here represents a superior approach for efficient generation, monitoring and harvest of therapeutic MSCs and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haskell
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley P White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Erin Goebel
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan G Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew E Syvyk
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela A de Oliveira
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A Barreda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Benton
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - EunHye Bae
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Imaging Program, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Zivko Nikolov
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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Dwivedi S, Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutical growth in oligodendroglial fate induction via transdifferentiation of stem cells for neuroregenerative therapy. Biochimie 2023; 211:35-56. [PMID: 36842627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The merits of stem cell therapy and research are undisputed due to their widespread usage in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and demyelinating disorders. Cell replacement therapy especially revolves around stem cells and their induction into different cell lineages both adult and progenitor - belonging to each germ layer, prior to transplantation or disease modeling studies. The nervous system is abundant in glial cells and among these are oligodendrocytes capable of myelinating new-born neurons and remyelination of axons with lost or damaged myelin sheath. But demyelinating diseases generate tremendous deficit between myelin loss and recovery. To compensate for this loss, analyze the defects in remyelination mechanisms as well as to trigger full recovery in such patients mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been induced to transdifferentiate into oligodendrocytes. But such experiments are riddled with problems like prolonged, tenuous and complicated protocols that stretch longer than the time taken for the spread of demyelination-associated after-effects. This review delves into such protocols and the combinations of different molecules and factors that have been recruited to derive bona fide oligodendrocytes from in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and MSCs with special focus on MSC-derived oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Princy Choudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India.
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Kay AG, Fox JM, Hewitson JP, Stone AP, Robertson S, James S, Wang XN, Kapasa E, Yang XB, Genever PG. CD317-Positive Immune Stromal Cells in Human "Mesenchymal Stem Cell" Populations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903796. [PMID: 35734183 PMCID: PMC9207511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs, frequently referred to as "mesenchymal stem cells") clouds biological understanding and hampers their clinical development. In MSC cultures most commonly used in research and therapy, we have identified an MSC subtype characterized by CD317 expression (CD317pos (29.77 ± 3.00% of the total MSC population), comprising CD317dim (28.10 ± 4.60%) and CD317bright (1.67 ± 0.58%) MSCs) and a constitutive interferon signature linked to human disease. We demonstrate that CD317pos MSCs induced cutaneous tissue damage when applied a skin explant model of inflammation, whereas CD317neg MSCs had no effect. Only CD317neg MSCs were able to suppress proliferative cycles of activated human T cells in vitro, whilst CD317pos MSCs increased polarization towards pro-inflammatory Th1 cells and CD317neg cell lines did not. Using an in vivo peritonitis model, we found that CD317neg and CD317pos MSCs suppressed leukocyte recruitment but only CD317neg MSCs suppressed macrophage numbers. Using MSC-loaded scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice we were able to observe tissue generation and blood vessel formation with CD317neg MSC lines, but not CD317pos MSC lines. Our evidence is consistent with the identification of an immune stromal cell, which is likely to contribute to specific physiological and pathological functions and influence clinical outcome of therapeutic MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair G. Kay
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Paul G. Genever, ; Alasdair G. Kay,
| | - James M. Fox
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Hewitson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Stone
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Robertson
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sally James
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-nong Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kapasa
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Genever
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Paul G. Genever, ; Alasdair G. Kay,
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New Perspectives to Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052669. [PMID: 35269830 PMCID: PMC8910533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury. Many factors may contribute to the susceptibility of patients to this condition, making DILI a global medical problem that has an impact on public health and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been at the forefront of regenerative medicine therapies for many years, including MSCs for the treatment of liver diseases. However, there is currently a huge gap between these experimental approaches and their application in clinical practice. In this concise review, we focus on the pathophysiology of DILI and highlight new experimental approaches conceived to improve cell-based therapy by the in vitro preconditioning of MSCs and/or the use of cell-free products as treatment for this liver condition. Finally, we discuss the advantages of new approaches, but also the current challenges that must be addressed in order to develop safer and more effective procedures that will allow cell-based therapies to reach clinical practice, enhancing the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with DILI.
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Giri J, Moll G. MSCs in Space: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutics as Enabling Technology for Long-Distance Manned Space Travel. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Advancements in space travel, such as space tourism into Earth’s orbit, but also the prospect of long-distance manned space travel to other celestial bodies such as Mars, has generated a clinical need for new enabling technologies to support the long-term well-being of humans during their passage. Here, we will give an outline on the clinical need and practical considerations to MSC therapy as enabling technology for long-distance manned space travel.
Recent Findings
Long-distance space travel entails a threat to the health of astronaut crews due to the low gravity environment and exposure to toxic radiation in space. Multi-organ-system degenerative changes, such as decline in musculoskeletal, hematopoietic, immune system function, and in particular risk of genetic mutations and cancer, are major health concerns. Physical training, pharmacological agents, and protective shielding are among the currently available methods to counteract harmful effects. However, a potential lack of adequate shielding, side effects of pharmacological compounds, and limitations to physical training suggest a need for new countermeasures, to protect space travellers to the best extent. Here, the prospect of cell-based therapy, e.g. mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), has been subject to intense research, due to their potent regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Off-the-shelf MSC therapeutics can be easily maintained in space due to the ambient extremely low-temperature environment, and cryorecovery and even culturing of MSCs under microgravity were shown to be feasible.
Summary
Designing new therapy against harmful radiation is urgent need in space travel. Here we will discuss aspects related to clinical MSC administration to optimize their therapeutic benefit. MSC-based therapy may aid in evolving protective countermeasures for space travellers.
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Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5521715. [PMID: 34046069 PMCID: PMC8128613 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs. These messages help to control the composition and function of dental-derived MSCs and thus accelerate the translation of cell therapy into clinical practice.
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Ścieżyńska A, Soszyńska M, Szpak P, Krześniak N, Malejczyk J, Kalaszczyńska I. Influence of Hypothermic Storage Fluids on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Stability: A Comprehensive Review and Personal Experience. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051043. [PMID: 33925059 PMCID: PMC8146384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have generated a great deal of interest due to their potential use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Examples illustrating their therapeutic value across various in vivo models are demonstrated in the literature. However, some clinical trials have not proved their therapeutic efficacy, showing that translation into clinical practice is considerably more difficult and discrepancies in clinical protocols can be a source of failure. Among the critical factors which play an important role in MSCs’ therapeutic efficiency are the method of preservation of the stem cell viability and various characteristics during their storage and transportation from the GMP production facility to the patient’s bedside. The cell storage medium should be considered a key factor stabilizing the environment and greatly influencing cell viability and potency and therefore the effectiveness of advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) based on MSCs. In this review, we summarize data from 826 publications concerning the effect of the most frequently used cell preservation solutions on MSC potential as cell-based therapeutic medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Ścieżyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Soszyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Szpak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Natalia Krześniak
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Malejczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Kalaszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Ś.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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8
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Expansion and characterization of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3403. [PMID: 33564114 PMCID: PMC7873235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are gaining increasing importance in the field of regenerative medicine. Although therapeutic value of MSCs is now being established through many clinical trials, issues have been raised regarding their expansion as per regulatory guidelines. Fetal bovine serum usage in cell therapy poses difficulties due to its less-defined, highly variable composition and safety issues. Hence, there is a need for transition from serum-based to serum-free media (SFM). Since SFM are cell type-specific, a precise analysis of the properties of MSCs cultured in SFM is required to determine the most suitable one. Six different commercially available low serum/SFM with two different seeding densities were evaluated to explore their ability to support the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs and assess the characteristics of BM-MSCs cultured in these media. Except for one of the SFM, all other media tested supported the growth of BM-MSCs at a low seeding density. No significant differences were observed in the expression of MSC specific markers among the various media tested. In contrary, the population doubling time, cell yield, potency, colony-forming ability, differentiation potential, and immunosuppressive properties of MSCs varied with one another. We show that SFM tested supports the growth and expansion of BM-MSCs even at low seeding density and may serve as possible replacement for animal-derived serum.
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Porzionato A, Zaramella P, Dedja A, Guidolin D, Bonadies L, Macchi V, Pozzobon M, Jurga M, Perilongo G, De Caro R, Baraldi E, Muraca M. Intratracheal administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduces lung injuries in a chronic rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L688-L704. [PMID: 33502939 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00148.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early therapeutic effect of intratracheally (IT)-administered extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) has been demonstrated in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) involving hyperoxia exposure in the first 2 postnatal weeks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of IT-administered MSC-EVs in the long term. EVs were produced from MSCs following GMP standards. At birth, rats were distributed in three groups: (a) animals raised in ambient air for 6 weeks (n = 10); and animals exposed to 60% hyperoxia for 2 weeks and to room air for additional 4 weeks and treated with (b) IT-administered saline solution (n = 10), or (c) MSC-EVs (n = 10) on postnatal days 3, 7, 10, and 21. Hyperoxia exposure produced significant decreases in total number of alveoli, total surface area of alveolar air spaces, and proliferation index, together with increases in mean alveolar volume, mean linear intercept and fibrosis percentage; all these morphometric changes were prevented by MSC-EVs treatment. The medial thickness index for <100 µm vessels was higher for hyperoxia-exposed/sham-treated than for normoxia-exposed rats; MSC-EV treatment significantly reduced this index. There were no significant differences in interstitial/alveolar and perivascular F4/8-positive and CD86-positive macrophages. Conversely, hyperoxia exposure reduced CD163-positive macrophages both in interstitial/alveolar and perivascular populations and MSC-EV prevented these hyperoxia-induced reductions. These findings further support that IT-administered EVs could be an effective approach to prevent/treat BPD, ameliorating the impaired alveolarization and pulmonary artery remodeling also in a long-term model. M2 macrophage polarization could play a role through anti-inflammatory and proliferative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Arben Dedja
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Padua, Italy.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcin Jurga
- The Cell Factory BVBA (Esperite NV), Niel, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Padua, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Padua, Italy.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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A streamlined proliferation assay using mixed lymphocytes for evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation activity. J Immunol Methods 2020; 488:112915. [PMID: 33212091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), graft versus host disease (GVHD), wound healing and trauma. A consensus is building that immunomodulation by MSCs is important for therapeutic potential. MSCs suppress peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro, potentially reflecting an ability to suppress PBMC inflammatory responses in vivo. Current mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays commonly used to evaluate MSC potency generally rely on either direct co-culture or indirect culture using transwell systems for monitoring the proliferation of isolated PBMCs in the presence of mitotically inactive MSCs. Proliferation of PBMCs is monitored by several methods, including incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides, BRDU labeling and ELISA assay or flow cytometry of carboxyfluorescein labeled PBMCs. Here we present a streamlined assay using MSCs in a direct co-culture system with unmodified MSCs using a luminescent ATP assay to evaluate both PBMC and MSC proliferation/survival. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from fresh anti-coagulated whole blood by centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque in LeucoSep tubes. Isolated PBMCs from 8 to 10 donors were pooled and cryopreserved at 1 × 107/ml in 50% RPMI medium,10% DMSO, 40% human AB serum. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord (BM-MSC, Ad-MSC, UC-MSC, respectively) were serially diluted starting at 50-60,000 cells/well and cultured in 96 well plates for 4-48 h in their respective medium. On Day 0, MSCs were washed, resuspended in PBMC media (RPMI with 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) and incubated with or without 150,000 freshly thawed pooled PBMCs/well, in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin A (PHA, 0-5 μg/ml). Proliferation of both MSCs (adherent) and PBMCs (non-adherent) was assessed by quantitation of ATP levels using the bioluminescent reagent Cell Titer-Glo (Promega). Culture supernatant contained PBMC, while washed adherent cells were primarily MSCs. Both cell types were incubated for 30 min with an equal volume of Cell Titer-Glo reagent and then assayed in white plates on a luminescence plate reader. RESULTS PBMC proliferation in response to PHA stimulation resulted in a robust increase in ATP by 72 h, with >6 fold increase over unstimulated PBMCs, which showed no increase. MSC proliferation was decreased <20% at the highest PHA concentrations. Co-culture with MSCs suppressed PBMC proliferation dependent upon MSC passage number, source, and prior growth conditions. Total time to complete the ATP assay was under an hour including incubations. With minimal manipulations in the assay, intra- and inter- assay variations averaged 11.1 and 15.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Direct co-culture of live unmodified MSCs with freshly thawed pooled PBMCs gives a robust determination of immunosuppression by MSCs with unparalleled ease. Graded responses can be determined, allowing comparison of potency between MSC preparations as in comparisons between freshly thawed and cultured MSCs as well as interferon-γ licensed MSCs. With the 96 well plate assay, far fewer PBMCs are generally required than in a typical flow cytometry determination. This streamlined assay can be performed within 72 h, without irradiating cells and without specialized equipment.
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11
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Yen BL, Hwa HL, Hsu PJ, Chen PM, Wang LT, Jiang SS, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Yen ML. HLA-G Expression in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Is Related to Unique Methylation Pattern in the Proximal Promoter as well as Gene Body DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145075. [PMID: 32708387 PMCID: PMC7404323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harbor clinically relevant immunomodulation, and HLA-G, a non-classical MHC class I molecule with highly restricted tissue expression, is one important molecule involved in these processes. Understanding of the natural regulatory mechanisms involved in expression of this elusive molecule has been difficult, with near exclusive reliance on cancer cell lines. We therefore studied the transcriptional control of HLA-G in primary isolated human bone marrow- (BM), human embryonic stem cell-derived (hE-), as well as placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs), and found that all 3 types of MSCs express 3 of the 7 HLA-G isoforms at the gene level; however, fibroblasts did not express HLA-G. Protein validation using BM- and P-MSCs demonstrated expression of 2 isoforms including a larger HLA-G-like protein. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation upregulated both gene and protein expression in MSCs but not the constitutively expressing JEG-3 cell line. Most interestingly in human MSCs and placental tissue, hypomethylation of CpG islands not only occurs on the HLA-G proximal promoter but also on the gene body as well, a pattern not seen in either of the 2 commonly used choriocarcinoma cell lines which may contribute to the unique HLA-G expression patterns and IFN-γ-responsiveness in MSCs. Our study implicates the importance of using normal cells and tissues for physiologic understanding of tissue-specific transcriptional regulation, and highlight the utility of human MSCs in unraveling the transcriptional regulation of HLA-G for better therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital Shiji, Taipei 221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.L.Y.); (M.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 37501) (B.L.Y.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71560) (M.-L.Y.); Fax: +886-37-587-408 (B.L.Y); +886-2-2391-1302 (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Hsiao-Lin Hwa
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (P.-M.C.); (L.-T.W.)
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (P.-M.C.); (L.-T.W.)
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (P.-M.C.); (L.-T.W.)
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (S.-S.J.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (S.-S.J.); (K.-J.L.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (P.-M.C.); (L.-T.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.Y.); (M.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-37-246-166 (ext. 37501) (B.L.Y.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71560) (M.-L.Y.); Fax: +886-37-587-408 (B.L.Y); +886-2-2391-1302 (M.-L.Y.)
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12
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Bozorgmehr M, Gurung S, Darzi S, Nikoo S, Kazemnejad S, Zarnani AH, Gargett CE. Endometrial and Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Biological Properties and Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:497. [PMID: 32742977 PMCID: PMC7364758 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly proliferative mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population was recently discovered in the dynamic, cyclically regenerating human endometrium as clonogenic stromal cells that fulfilled the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria. Specific surface markers enriching for clonogenic endometrial MSC (eMSC), CD140b and CD146 co-expression, and the single marker SUSD2, showed their perivascular identity in the endometrium, including the layer which sheds during menstruation. Indeed, cells with MSC properties have been identified in menstrual fluid and commonly termed menstrual blood stem/stromal cells (MenSC). MenSC are generally retrieved from menstrual fluid as plastic adherent cells, similar to bone marrow MSC (bmMSC). While eMSC and MenSC share several biological features with bmMSC, they also show some differences in immunophenotype, proliferation and differentiation capacities. Here we review the phenotype and functions of eMSC and MenSC, with a focus on recent studies. Similar to other MSC, eMSC and MenSC exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory impacts on key cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. These include macrophages, T cells and NK cells, both in vitro and in small and large animal models. These properties suggest eMSC and MenSC as additional sources of MSC for cell therapies in regenerative medicine as well as immune-mediated disorders and inflammatory diseases. Their easy acquisition via an office-based biopsy or collected from menstrual effluent makes eMSC and MenSC attractive sources of MSC for clinical applications. In preparation for clinical translation, a serum-free culture protocol was established for eMSC which includes a small molecule TGFβ receptor inhibitor that prevents spontaneous differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, maintains the clonogenic SUSD2+ population and enhances their potency, suggesting potential for cell-therapies and regenerative medicine. However, standardization of MenSC isolation protocols and culture conditions are major issues requiring further research to maximize their potential for clinical application. Future research will also address crucial safety aspects of eMSC and MenSC to ensure these protocols produce cell products free from tumorigenicity and toxicity. Although a wealth of data on the biological properties of eMSC and MenSC has recently been published, it will be important to address their mechanism of action in preclinical models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shanti Gurung
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saeedeh Darzi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shohreh Nikoo
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobitechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Scopetti M, Santurro A, Gatto V, La Russa R, Manetti F, D’Errico S, Frati P, Fineschi V. Mesenchymal stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases: Opinion review on ethical dilemmas. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:168-177. [PMID: 32266049 PMCID: PMC7118285 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neurodegenerative diseases presents a growing need for innovation in relation to recent evidence in the field of reconstructive therapy using stem cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders, and the advent of methods able to induce neuronal stem cell differentiation allowed to develop innovative therapeutic approaches offering the prospect of healthy and perfectly functional cell transplants, able to replace the sick ones. Hence the importance of deepening the state of the art regarding the clinical applications of advanced cell therapy products for the regeneration of nerve tissue. Besides representing a promising area of tissue transplant surgery and a great achievement in the field of neurodegenerative disease, stem cell research presents certain critical issues that need to be carefully examined from the ethical perspective. In fact, a subject so complex and not entirely explored requires a detailed scientific and ethical evaluation aimed at avoiding improper and ineffective use, rather than incorrect indications, technical inadequacies, and incongruous expectations. In fact, the clinical usefulness of stem cells will only be certain if able to provide the patient with safe, long-term and substantially more effective strategies than any other treatment available. The present paper provides an ethical assessment of tissue regeneration through mesenchymal stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases with the aim to rule out the fundamental issues related to research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gatto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Sapienza University of Roma, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - Federico Manetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- UOC Risk Management, Quality and Accreditation, Sant'Andrea University Hospital of Rome, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Sapienza University of Roma, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Sapienza University of Roma, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
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14
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Ullah M. Need for Specialized Therapeutic Stem Cells Banks Equipped with Tumor Regression Enzymes and Anti-Tumor Genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2. [PMID: 33554055 PMCID: PMC7861576 DOI: 10.37191/mapsci-2582-4937-2(1)-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are currently being used in many clinical trials for regenerative purposes. These are promising results for stem cells in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, there are still many variables which should be addressed before the application of stem cells for cancer treatment. One approach should be to establish well-characterized therapeutic stem cell banks to minimize the variation in results from different clinical trials and facilitate their effective use in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Ullah
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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15
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Cardiac cell therapy: Current status, challenges and perspectives. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:285-292. [PMID: 32171698 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the initial clinical trials of cardiac cell therapy have failed to demonstrate unequivocal clinical benefits, the accumulation of preclinical data gathered in parallel can now help us to understand the main causes of failures, while providing mechanistic insights that may be leveraged to improve the outcomes of subsequent clinical studies using cells or their secreted products. This review briefly describes the current status of clinical trials, discusses the potential mechanisms of action of the grafted cells, and the impact of this knowledge on the design of future studies, and finally draws some perspectives.
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16
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Elahi FM, Farwell DG, Nolta JA, Anderson JD. Preclinical translation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:15-21. [PMID: 31381842 PMCID: PMC7004029 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells. Exosomes mediate the horizontal transfer of various macromolecules previously believed to be cell-autonomous in nature, including nonsecretory proteins, various classes of RNA, metabolites, and lipid membrane-associated factors. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appear to be particularly beneficial for enhancing recovery in various models of disease. To date, there have been more than 200 preclinical studies of exosome-based therapies in a number of different animal models. Despite a growing number of studies reporting the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived exosomes, their underlying mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and scalable manufacturing remain largely outstanding questions. Here, we review the global trends associated with preclinical development of MSC-derived exosome-based therapies, including immunogenicity, source of exosomes, isolation methods, biodistribution, and disease categories tested to date. Although the in vivo data assessing the therapeutic properties of MSC-exosomes published to date are promising, several outstanding questions remain to be answered that warrant further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny M. Elahi
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCalifornia
| | - Jan A. Nolta
- Institute for Regenerative CuresUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCalifornia
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17
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O'Connor KC. Molecular Profiles of Cell-to-Cell Variation in the Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5924878. [PMID: 31636675 PMCID: PMC6766122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5924878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell variation in the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) impedes the translation of MSC therapies into clinical practice. Cellular heterogeneity is ubiquitous across MSC cultures from different species and tissues. This review highlights advances to elucidate molecular profiles that identify cell subsets with specific regenerative properties in heterogeneous MSC cultures. Cell surface markers and global signatures are presented for proliferation and differentiation potential, as well as immunomodulation and trophic properties. Key knowledge gaps are discussed as potential areas of future research. Molecular profiles of MSC heterogeneity have the potential to enable unprecedented control over the regenerative potential of MSC therapies through the discovery of new molecular targets and as quality attributes to develop robust and reproducible biomanufacturing processes. These advances would have a positive impact on the nascent field of MSC therapeutics by accelerating the development of therapies with more consistent and effective treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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18
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Harrison RP, Chauhan VM, Onion D, Aylott JW, Sottile V. Intracellular processing of silica-coated superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3176-3184. [PMID: 30774937 PMCID: PMC6350623 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica-coated superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles (SiMAGs) are an exciting biomedical technology capable of targeted delivery of cell-based therapeutics and disease diagnosis. However, in order to realise their full clinical potential, their intracellular fate must be determined. The analytical techniques of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, particle counting flow cytometry and pH-sensitive nanosensors were applied to elucidate mechanisms of intracellular SiMAG processing in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs). Super-resolution microscopy showed SiMAG fluorescently-tagged nanoparticles are endocytosed and co-localised within lysosomes. When exposed to simulated lysosomal conditions SiMAGs were solubilised and exhibited diminishing fluorescence emission over 7 days. The in vitro intracellular metabolism of SiMAGs was monitored in hMSCs using flow cytometry and co-localised pH-sensitive nanosensors. A decrease in SiMAG fluorescence emission, which corresponded to a decrease in lysosomal pH was observed, mirroring ex vivo observations, suggesting SiMAG lysosomal exposure degrades fluorescent silica-coatings and iron cores. These findings indicate although there is a significant decrease in intracellular SiMAG loading, sufficient particles remain internalised (>50%) to render SiMAG treated cells amenable to long-term magnetic cell manipulation. Our analytical approach provides important insights into the understanding of the intracellular fate of SiMAG processing, which could be readily applied to other particle therapeutics, to advance their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Harrison
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. .,Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Veeren M Chauhan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. ;
| | - David Onion
- University of Nottingham Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. ;
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Porzionato A, Zaramella P, Dedja A, Guidolin D, Van Wemmel K, Macchi V, Jurga M, Perilongo G, De Caro R, Baraldi E, Muraca M. Intratracheal administration of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduces lung injury in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L6-L19. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00109.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevent the onset of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in animal models, an effect that seems to be mediated by their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). The aim of this study was to compare the protective effects of intratracheally (IT) administered MSCs versus MSC-EVs in a hyperoxia-induced rat model of BPD. At birth, rats were distributed as follows: animals raised in ambient air for 2 wk ( n = 10), and animals exposed to 60% oxygen for 2 wk and treated with IT-administered physiological solution ( n = 10), MSCs ( n = 10), or MSC-EVs ( n = 10) on postnatal days 3, 7, and 10. The sham-treated hyperoxia-exposed animals showed reductions in total surface area of alveolar air spaces, and total number of alveoli ( Nalv), and an increased mean alveolar volume (Valv). EVs prompted a significant increase in Nalv ( P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in Valv ( P < 0.05) compared with sham-treated animals, whereas MSCs only significantly improved Nalv ( P < 0.05). Small pulmonary vessels of the sham-treated hyperoxia-exposed rats also showed an increase in medial thickness, which only EVs succeeded in preventing significantly ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, both EVs and MSCs reduce hyperoxia-induced damage, with EVs obtaining better results in terms of alveolarization and lung vascularization parameters. This suggests that IT-administered EVs could be an effective approach to BPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Arben Dedja
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Macchi
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcin Jurga
- The Cell Factory BVBA (Esperite NV), Niel, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza,” Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza,” Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Institute of Pediatric Research, “Città della Speranza,” Padua, Italy
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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20
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Walraven M, Hinz B. Therapeutic approaches to control tissue repair and fibrosis: Extracellular matrix as a game changer. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:205-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Bang OY. Stem cell therapy for stroke: lessons learned from recent successful randomized trials of
interventional therapy for stroke. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Perlee D, van Vught LA, Scicluna BP, Maag A, Lutter R, Kemper EM, van ‘t Veer C, Punchard MA, González J, Richard MP, Dalemans W, Lombardo E, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Intravenous Infusion of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modifies the Host Response to Lipopolysaccharide in Humans: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo Controlled Trial. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1778-1788. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Perlee
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anja Maag
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology & Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elles M. Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ‘t Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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23
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de Araujo Farias V, O’Valle F, Serrano-Saenz S, Anderson P, Andrés E, López-Peñalver J, Tovar I, Nieto A, Santos A, Martín F, Expósito J, Oliver FJ, de Almodóvar JMR. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance radiotherapy-induced cell death in tumor and metastatic tumor foci. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:122. [PMID: 30111323 PMCID: PMC6094906 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown that radiotherapy may not only be a successful local and regional treatment but, when combined with MSCs, may also be a novel systemic cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes derived from irradiated MSCs in the delay of tumor growth and metastasis after treatment with MSC + radiotherapy (RT). METHODS We have measured tumor growth and metastasis formation, of subcutaneous human melanoma A375 xenografts on NOD/SCID-gamma mice, and the response of tumors to treatment with radiotherapy (2 Gy), mesenchymal cells (MSC), mesenchymal cells plus radiotherapy, and without any treatment. Using proteomic analysis, we studied the cargo of the exosomes released by the MSC treated with 2 Gy, compared with the cargo of exosomes released by MSC without treatment. RESULTS The tumor cell loss rates found after treatment with the combination of MSC and RT and for exclusive RT, were: 44.4% % and 12,1%, respectively. Concomitant and adjuvant use of RT and MSC, increased the mice surviving time 22,5% in this group, with regard to the group of mice treated with exclusive RT and in a 45,3% respect control group. Moreover, the number of metastatic foci found in the internal organs of the mice treated with MSC + RT was 60% less than the mice group treated with RT alone. We reasoned that the exosome secreted by the MSC, could be implicated in tumor growth delay and metastasis control after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that exosomes derived form MSCs, combined with radiotherapy, are determinant in the enhancement of radiation effects observed in the control of metastatic spread of melanoma cells and suggest that exosome-derived factors could be involved in the bystander, and abscopal effects found after treatment of the tumors with RT plus MSC. Radiotherapy itself may not be systemic, although it might contribute to a systemic effect when used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells owing the ability of irradiated MSCs-derived exosomes to increase the control of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínea de Araujo Farias
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PTS Granada, 18016 and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Serrano-Saenz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PTS Granada, 18016 and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Andrés
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PTS Granada, 18016 and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Peñalver
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de radiología experimental, Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Tovar
- Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de experimentación animal, Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Santos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de microscopia, Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Expósito
- Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F. Javier Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, PTS Granada, 18016 and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Granada, Spain
| | - José Mariano Ruiz de Almodóvar
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, PTS Granada and CIBERONC (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Complejo Hospitalario de Granada, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Farrow N, Cmielewski P, Donnelley M, Rout-Pitt N, Moodley Y, Bertoncello I, Parsons D. Epithelial disruption: a new paradigm enabling human airway stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29895311 PMCID: PMC5998543 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway disease is a primary cause of morbidity and early mortality for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Cell transplantation therapy has proven successful for treating immune disorders and may have the potential to correct the airway disease phenotype associated with CF. Since in vivo cell delivery into unconditioned mouse airways leads to inefficient engraftment, we hypothesised that disrupting the epithelial cell layer using the agent polidocanol (PDOC) would facilitate effective transplantation of cultured stem cells in mouse nasal airways. METHODS In this study, 4 μL of 2% PDOC in phosphate-buffered saline was administered to the nasal airway of mice to disrupt the epithelium. At 2 or 24 h after PDOC treatment, two types of reporter gene-expressing cells were transplanted into the animals: luciferase-transduced human airway basal cells (hABC-Luc) or luciferase-transduced human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC-Luc). Bioluminescence imaging was used to assess the presence of transplanted luciferase-expressing cells over time. Data were evaluated by using two-way analysis of variance with Sidak's multiple comparison. RESULTS Successful transplantation was observed when hABCs were delivered 2 h after PDOC but was absent when transplantation was performed 24 h after PDOC, suggesting that a greater competitive advantage for the donor cells is present at the earlier time point. The lack of transplantation of hAECs 24 h after PDOC supports the importance of choosing the correct timing and cell type to facilitate transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These studies into factors that may enable successful airway transplantation of human stem cells showed that extended functioning cell presence is feasible and further supports the development of methods that alter normal epithelial layer integrity. With improvements in efficacy, manipulating the airway epithelium to make it permissive towards cell transplantation may provide another option for safe and effective correction of CF transmembrane conductance regulator function in CF airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Farrow
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia. .,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia. .,Australian Respiratory Epithelium Consortium (AusRec), Perth, Western Australia, 6105, Australia.
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Ivan Bertoncello
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Level 8, Medical Building (No. 181) Map, Corner of Grattan Street and Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 55 King William Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences building, Corner of North Terrace and George Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia.,Australian Respiratory Epithelium Consortium (AusRec), Perth, Western Australia, 6105, Australia
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25
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Abstract
Stem cells and tissue-derived stromal cells stimulate the repair of degenerated and injured tissues, motivating a growing number of cell-based interventions in the musculoskeletal field. Recent investigations have indicated that these cells are critical for their trophic and immunomodulatory role in controlling endogenous cells. This Review presents recent clinical advances where stem cells and stromal cells have been used to stimulate musculoskeletal tissue repair, including delivery strategies to improve cell viability and retention. Emerging bioengineering strategies are highlighted, particularly toward the development of biomaterials for capturing aspects of the native tissue environment, altering the healing niche, and recruiting endogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Loebel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Conese M, Beccia E, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Colombo C, Angiolillo A, Carbone A. The long and winding road: stem cells for cystic fibrosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:281-292. [PMID: 29216777 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1413087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic syndrome with a high mortality rate due to severe lung disease. Despite having several drugs targeting specific mutated CFTR proteins already in clinical trials, new therapies, based on stem cells, are also emerging to treat those patients. AREAS COVERED The authors review the main sources of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), gestational stem cells, and adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of CF. Furthermore, they describe the main animal and human models of lung physiology and pathology, involved in the optimization of these stem cell-applied therapies in CF. EXPERT OPINION ESCs and iPSCs are emerging sources for disease modeling and drug discovery purposes. The allogeneic transplant of healthy MSCs, that acts independently to specific mutations, is under intense scrutiny due to their secretory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The main challenge for future developments will be to get exogenous stem cells into the appropriate lung location, where they can regenerate endogenous stem cells and act as inflammatory modulators. The clinical application of stem cells for the treatment of CF certainly warrants further insight into pre-clinical models, including large animals, organoids, decellularized organs and lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Conese
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Elisa Beccia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy.,b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- a Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- c Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- b Department of Medicine and Health Sciences 'V. Tiberio' , University of Molise , Campobasso , Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- d Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit , IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' , San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) , Italy
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27
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Faulknor RA, Olekson MA, Ekwueme EC, Krzyszczyk P, Freeman JW, Berthiaume F. Hypoxia Impairs Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Induced Macrophage M1 to M2 Transition. TECHNOLOGY 2017; 5:81-86. [PMID: 29552603 PMCID: PMC5854485 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547817500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The transition of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is crucial for the progression of normal wound healing. Persistent M1 macrophages within the injury site may lead to an uncontrolled macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and ultimately a failure of the wound healing cascade, leading to chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely reported to promote M1 to M2 macrophage transition; however, it is unclear whether MSCs can drive this transition in the hypoxic environment typically observed in chronic wounds. Here we report on the effect of hypoxia (1% O2) on MSCs' ability to transition macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. While hypoxia had no effect on MSC secretion, it inhibited MSC-induced M1 to M2 macrophage transition, and suppressed macrophage expression and production of the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10). These results suggest that hypoxic environments may impede the therapeutic effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renea A. Faulknor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Melissa A. Olekson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Emmanuel C. Ekwueme
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Paulina Krzyszczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joseph W. Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to F.B. ()
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28
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Kardia E, Zakaria N, Sarmiza Abdul Halim NS, Widera D, Yahaya BH. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells in treatment of lung disorders. Regen Med 2017; 12:203-216. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represents a promising alternative clinical strategy for treating acute and chronic lung disorders. Several preclinical reports demonstrated that MSCs can secrete multiple paracrine factors and that their immunomodulatory properties can support endothelial and epithelial regeneration, modulate the inflammatory cascade and protect lungs from damage. The effects of MSC transplantation into patients suffering from lung diseases should be fully evaluated through careful assessment of safety and associated risks, which is a prerequisite for translation of preclinical research into clinical practice. In this article, we summarize the current status of preclinical research and review initial MSC-based clinical trials for treating lung injuries and lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egi Kardia
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Zakaria
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shuhaidatul Sarmiza Abdul Halim
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6UB Reading, UK
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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29
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Joswig AJ, Mitchell A, Cummings KJ, Levine GJ, Gregory CA, Smith R, Watts AE. Repeated intra-articular injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells causes an adverse response compared to autologous cells in the equine model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28241885 PMCID: PMC5329965 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is efficacious in osteoarthritis therapy. A direct comparison of the response of the synovial joint to intra-articular injection of autologous versus allogeneic MSCs has not been performed. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical response to repeated intra-articular injection of allogeneic versus autologous MSCs prepared in a way to minimize xeno-contaminants in a large animal model. Methods Intra-articular injections of bone marrow-derived, culture-expanded MSCs to a forelimb metacarpophalangeal joint were performed at week 0 and week 4 (six autologous; six autologous with xeno-contamination; six allogeneic). In the week following each injection, clinical and synovial cytology evaluations were performed. Results Following the first intra-articular injection, there were no differences in clinical parameters over time. Following the second intra-articular injection, there was a significant adverse response of the joint to allogeneic MSCs and autologous MSCs with xeno-contamination with elevated synovial total nucleated cell counts. There was also significantly increased pain from joints injected with autologous MSCs with xeno-contamination. Conclusions Repeated intra-articular injection of allogeneic MSCs results in an adverse clinical response, suggesting there is immune recognition of allogeneic MSCs upon a second exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0503-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda-Jo Joswig
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alexis Mitchell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gwendolyn J Levine
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ashlee E Watts
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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30
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Anderson JD, Pham MT, Contreras Z, Hoon M, Fink KD, Johansson HJ, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL, Showalter M, Fiehn O, Bramlett CS, Bardini RL, Bauer G, Fury B, Hendrix KJ, Chedin F, EL-Andaloussi S, Hwang B, Mulligan MS, Lehtiö J, Nolta JA. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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31
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The exciting prospects of new therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 19:1-8. [PMID: 27769637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
From the outset, it was apparent that developing new therapies with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) was not a simple or easy task. Among the earliest experiments was administration of MSCs from normal mice to transgenic mice that developed brittle bones because they expressed a mutated gene for type 1 collagen isolated from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. The results prompted a clinical trial of MSCs in patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Subsequent work by large numbers of scientists and clinicians has established that, with minor exceptions, MSCs do not engraft or differentiate to a large extent in vivo. Instead the cells produce beneficial effects in a large number of animal models and some clinical trials by secreting paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles in a "hit and run" scenario. The field faces a number of challenges, but the results indicate that we are on the way to effective therapies for millions of patients who suffer from devastating diseases.
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32
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Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Cell Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Promises and Perils. Paediatr Respir Rev 2016; 20:33-41. [PMID: 27425012 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite great achievements in neonatal and perinatal medicine over the past decades, the immature lung remains the most critical organ to care for after premature birth. As a consequence, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity. BPD impairs normal development and may cause lifelong morbidities. At present, there is no effective treatment for BPD - including preventing premature birth. Recent insights into the biology of stem and progenitor cells have ignited the hope of protecting the immature lung, and even regenerating an already damaged lung by using exogenous stem- or progenitor cells as therapeutics. These therapies are still experimental, and knowledge on the exact mechanisms behind the beneficial effects seen in various animal models of BPD is limited. Nevertheless, early phase clinical trials have started, and encouraging steps towards the therapeutic use of these cells are being made. This review aims to (I) provide an overview of the role of stem/progenitor cells in development and therapy of BPD for the practicing clinician, (II) discuss the potential clinical applications of cell products as therapeutic agents to prevent neonatal lung injury and (III) examine potential obstacles towards the manufacturing of clinical grade cell products for use in the care for premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexander Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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33
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Le Blon D, Hoornaert C, Detrez JR, Bevers S, Daans J, Goossens H, De Vos WH, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Immune remodelling of stromal cell grafts in the central nervous system: therapeutic inflammation or (harmless) side-effect? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2846-2852. [PMID: 27320821 DOI: 10.1002/term.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, several cell types with fibroblast-like morphology, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, but also other adult, embryonic and extra-embryonic fibroblast-like cells, have been brought forward in the search for cellular therapies to treat severe brain injuries and/or diseases. Although current views in regenerative medicine are highly focused on the immune modulating and regenerative properties of stromal cell transplantation in vivo, many open questions remain regarding their true mode of action. In this perspective, this study integrates insights gathered over the past 10 years to formulate a unifying model of the cellular events that accompany fibroblast-like cell grafting in the rodent brain. Cellular interactions are discussed step-by-step, starting from the day of implantation up to 10 days after transplantation. During the short period that precedes stable settlement of autologous/syngeneic stromal cell grafts, there is a complex interplay between hypoxia-mediated cell death of grafted cells, neutrophil invasion, microglia and macrophage recruitment, astrocyte activation and neo-angiogenesis within the stromal cell graft site. Consequently, it is speculated that regenerative processes following cell therapeutic intervention in the CNS are not only modulated by soluble factors secreted by grafted stromal cells (bystander hypothesis), but also by in vivo inflammatory processes following stromal cell grafting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Le Blon
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan R Detrez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Cellular Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanne Bevers
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jasmijn Daans
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Cellular Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Darzi S, Werkmeister JA, Deane JA, Gargett CE. Identification and Characterization of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Potential for Cellular Therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1127-32. [PMID: 27245365 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED SummaryHuman endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue, undergoing more than 400 cycles of proliferation, differentiation, and shedding during a woman's reproductive life. Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are likely responsible for the immense cellular turnover in human endometrium. The unique properties of MSCs, including high proliferative ability, self-renewal, differentiation to mesodermal lineages, secretion of angiogenic factors, and many other growth-promoting factors make them useful candidates for cellular therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the identification and characterization of newly discovered MSCs from the human endometrium: their properties, the surface markers used for their prospective isolation, their perivascular location in the endometrium, and their potential application in cellular therapies. SIGNIFICANCE The endometrium, or the lining of uterus, has recently been identified as a new and accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be obtained without anesthesia. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells have comparable properties to bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are purified with known and novel perivascular surface markers and are currently under investigation for their potential use in cellular therapy for several clinical conditions with significant burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Darzi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerome A Werkmeister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Gargett CE, Gurung S. Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, Their Fibroblast Progeny in Endometriosis, and More. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:129. [PMID: 27146030 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Samsonraj RM, Rai B, Sathiyanathan P, Puan KJ, Rötzschke O, Hui JH, Raghunath M, Stanton LW, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Establishing criteria for human mesenchymal stem cell potency. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1878-91. [PMID: 25752682 PMCID: PMC5363381 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify critical determinants of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) potency using in vitro and in vivo attributes of cells isolated from the bone marrow of age‐ and sex‐matched donors. Adherence to plastic was not indicative of potency, yet capacity for long‐term expansion in vitro varied considerably between donors, allowing the grouping of MSCs from the donors into either those with high‐growth capacity or low‐growth capacity. Using this grouping strategy, high‐growth capacity MSCs were smaller in size, had greater colony‐forming efficiency, and had longer telomeres. Cell‐surface biomarker analysis revealed that the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria did not distinguish between high‐growth capacity and low‐growth capacity MSCs, whereas STRO‐1 and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha were preferentially expressed on high‐growth capacity MSCs. These cells also had the highest mean expression of the mRNA transcripts TWIST‐1 and DERMO‐1. Irrespective of these differences, both groups of donor MSCs produced similar levels of key growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and were capable of multilineage differentiation. However, high‐growth capacity MSCs produced approximately double the volume of mineralized tissue compared to low‐growth capacity MSCs when assessed for ectopic bone‐forming ability. The additional phenotypic criteria presented in this study when combined with the existing ISCT minimum criteria and working proposal will permit an improved assessment of MSC potency and provide a basis for establishing the quality of MSCs prior to their therapeutic application. Stem Cells2015;33:1878–1891
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bina Rai
- Glycotherapeutics Group.,Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore
| | - Padmapriya Sathiyanathan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Advanced Wound Care Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Biochemistry.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Glycotherapeutics Group.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Bang OY. Clinical Trials of Adult Stem Cell Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Neurol 2015; 12:14-20. [PMID: 26610894 PMCID: PMC4712282 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2016.12.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is considered a potential regenerative strategy for patients with neurologic deficits. Studies involving animal models of ischemic stroke have shown that stem cells transplanted into the brain can lead to functional improvement. With current advances in the understanding regarding the effects of introducing stem cells and their mechanisms of action, several clinical trials of stem cell therapy have been conducted in patients with stroke since 2005, including studies using mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and neural stem/progenitor cells. In addition, several clinical trials of the use of adult stem cells to treat ischemic stroke are ongoing. This review presents the status of our understanding of adult stem cells and results from clinical trials, and introduces ongoing clinical studies of adult stem cell therapy in the field of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Sats NV, Shipunova IN, Bigil'diev AE, Drize NI. Stable Lentiviral Vector Transfer into Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vivo. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:764-7. [PMID: 26515177 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene was transferred into mouse mesenchymal stem cells in vivo using a lentiviral vector. In 2 months after injection of the lentivirus into the cavity of the femoral bone, up to 30% fibroblast CFU in the bone marrow of infected mice contained the alien gene. The transferred gene was found in more than 50% of adherent layers of longterm bone marrow cultures formed by mesenchymal stem cells from the infected mice bone marrow; 4% fibroblast CFU obtained from these layers were labeled. Ectopic hemopoiesis foci developed after transplantation of the bone marrow from infected mice under the renal capsule of syngeneic recipients contained bone tissue labeled with the alien gene in 57% cases and labeled fibroblast CFU in 11%. The data confirm the possibility of gene transfer with the lentiviral vectors into the mesenchymal stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Sats
- Hematological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Shipunova
- Hematological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Bigil'diev
- Hematological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N I Drize
- Hematological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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39
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40
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Abstract
The understanding of bone marrow stem cell plasticity and contribution of bone marrow stem cells to pathophysiology is evolving with the advent of innovative technologies. Recent data has led to new mechanistic insights in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research, and an increased appreciation for the plasticity of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). In this review, we discuss current research examining the origin of pulmonary cell types from endogenous lung stem and progenitor cells as well as bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSCs and HSCs) and their contributions to lung homeostasis and pathology. We specifically highlight recent findings from our laboratory that demonstrate an HSC origin for pulmonary fibroblasts based on transplantation of a clonal population of cells derived from a single HSC. These findings demonstrate the importance of developing an understanding of the sources of effector cells in disease state. Finally, a perspective is given on the potential clinical implications of these studies and others addressing stem cell contributions to lung tissue homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T McDonald
- Research Services, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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41
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Moll G, Ignatowicz L, Catar R, Luecht C, Sadeghi B, Hamad O, Jungebluth P, Dragun D, Schmidtchen A, Ringdén O. Different Procoagulant Activity of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow and Placental Decidua. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2269-79. [PMID: 26192403 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapeutic mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have usually been obtained from bone marrow, perinatal tissues have emerged as promising new sources of cells for stromal cell therapy. In this study, we present a first safety follow-up on our clinical experience with placenta-derived decidual stromal cells (DSCs), used as supportive immunomodulatory and regenerative therapy for patients with severe complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We found that DSCs are smaller, almost half the volume of MSCs, which may favor microvascular passage. DSCs also show different hemocompatibility, with increased triggering of the clotting cascade after exposure to human blood and plasma in vitro. After infusion of DSCs in HSCT patients, we observed a weak activation of the fibrinolytic system, but the other blood activation markers remained stable, excluding major adverse events. Expression profiling identified differential levels of key factors implicated in regulation of hemostasis, such as a lack of prostacyclin synthase and increased tissue factor expression in DSCs, suggesting that these cells have intrinsic blood-activating properties. The stronger triggering of the clotting cascade by DSCs could be antagonized by optimizing the cell graft reconstitution before infusion, for example, by use of low-dose heparin anticoagulant in the cell infusion buffer. We conclude that DSCs are smaller and have stronger hemostatic properties than MSCs, thus triggering stronger activation of the clotting system, which can be antagonized by optimizing the cell graft preparation before infusion. Our results highlight the importance of hemocompatibility safety testing for every novel cell therapy product before clinical use, when applied using systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- 1 Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,3 Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Lech Ignatowicz
- 4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Rusan Catar
- 3 Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- 3 Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- 1 Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .,5 Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Hamad
- 6 Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Jungebluth
- 7 Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine (ACTREM), Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .,8 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Duska Dragun
- 2 Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,3 Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Olle Ringdén
- 1 Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden .,5 Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
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Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Stem Cells and Their Mediators - Next Generation Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26284246 PMCID: PMC4520239 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of premature birth. Despite great achievements in perinatal medicine over the past decades, there is no treatment for BPD. Recent insights into the biology of stem/progenitor cells have ignited the hope of regenerating damaged organs. Animal experiments revealed promising lung protection/regeneration with stem/progenitor cells in experimental models of BPD and led to first clinical studies in infants. However, these therapies are still experimental and knowledge on the exact mechanisms of action of these cells is limited. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the therapeutic cell populations and missing potency assays currently limit our ability to predict a cell product’s efficacy. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal, endothelial progenitor, and amniotic epithelial cells for BPD. Current knowledge on the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of stem cells is briefly summarized. Finally, we discuss the obstacles constraining their transition from bench-to-bedside and present potential approaches to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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Expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin Determines the Fate of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:1016-30. [PMID: 26028530 PMCID: PMC4471834 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-fibrotic microenvironments of scars and tumors characterized by increased stiffness stimulate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). We investigated whether incorporation of α-SMA into contractile stress fibers regulates human MSC fate. Sorted α-SMA-positive MSCs exhibited high contractile activity, low clonogenicity, and differentiation potential limited to osteogenesis. Knockdown of α-SMA was sufficient to restore clonogenicity and adipogenesis in MSCs. Conversely, α-SMA overexpression induced YAP translocation to the nucleus and reduced the high clonogenicity and adipogenic potential of α-SMA-negative MSCs. Inhibition of YAP rescued the decreased adipogenic differentiation potential induced by α-SMA, establishing a mechanistic link between matrix stiffness, α-SMA, YAP, and MSC differentiation. Consistent with in vitro findings, nuclear localization of YAP was positively correlated in α-SMA expressing stromal cells of adiposarcoma and osteosarcoma. We propose that α-SMA mediated contraction plays a critical role in mechanically regulating MSC fate by controlling YAP/TAZ activation. The α-SMA-positive myofibroblast fraction of human MSCs exhibits low clonogenicity Formation of α-SMA stress fibers enhances nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ in MSCs α-SMA knockdown favors adipogenesis, while overexpression promotes osteogenesis α-SMA-mediated lineage choice of MSCs is YAP dependent
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44
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Agadi S, Shetty AK. Concise Review: Prospects of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Status Epilepticus and Chronic Epilepsy. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2093-103. [PMID: 25851047 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear cells (MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow and other sources have received significant attention as donor cells for treating various neurological disorders due to their robust neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, it is relatively easy to procure these cells from both autogenic and allogenic sources. Currently, there is considerable interest in examining the usefulness of these cells for conditions such as status epilepticus (SE) and chronic epilepsy. A prolonged seizure activity in SE triggers neurodegeneration in the limbic brain areas, which elicits epileptogenesis and evolves into a chronic epileptic state. Because of their potential for providing neuroprotection, diminishing inflammation and curbing epileptogenesis, early intervention with MNCs or MSCs appears attractive for treating SE as such effects may restrain the development of chronic epilepsy typified by spontaneous seizures and learning and memory impairments. Delayed administration of these cells after SE may also be useful for easing spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction in chronic epilepsy. This concise review evaluates the current knowledge and outlook pertaining to MNC and MSC therapies for SE and chronic epilepsy. In the first section, the behavior of these cells in animal models of SE and their efficacy to restrain neurodegeneration, inflammation, and epileptogenesis are discussed. The competence of these cells for suppressing seizures and improving cognitive function in chronic epilepsy are conferred in the next section. The final segment ponders issues that need to be addressed to pave the way for clinical application of these cells for SE and chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Agadi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McLane's Children's Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, USA.,Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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45
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Kühl T, Mezger M, Hausser I, Handgretinger R, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Nyström A. High Local Concentrations of Intradermal MSCs Restore Skin Integrity and Facilitate Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1368-1379. [PMID: 25858020 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an incurable skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, coding for the anchoring fibril protein collagen VII (C7). Life-long mechanosensitivity of skin and mucosal surfaces is associated with large body surface erosions, chronic wounds, and secondary fibrosis that severely impede functionality. Here, we present the first systematic long-term evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy for DEB. Intradermal administration of MSCs in a DEB mouse model resulted in production and deposition of C7 at the dermal-epidermal junction, the physiological site of function. The effect was dose-dependent with MSCs being up to 10-fold more potent than dermal fibroblasts. MSCs promoted regeneration of DEB wounds via normalization of dermal and epidermal healing and improved skin integrity through de novo formation of functional immature anchoring fibrils. Additional benefits were gained by MSCs' anti-inflammatory effects, which led to decreased immune cell infiltration into injured DEB skin. In our setting, the clinical benefit of MSC injections lasted for more than 3 months. We conclude that MSCs are viable options for localized DEB therapy. Importantly, however, the cell number needed to achieve therapeutic efficacy excludes the use of systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kühl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- EM-lab, Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Zumla A, Chakaya J, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, Mwaba P, Bates M, Kapata N, Nyirenda T, Chanda D, Mfinanga S, Hoelscher M, Maeurer M, Migliori GB. Tuberculosis treatment and management—an update on treatment regimens, trials, new drugs, and adjunct therapies. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2015; 3:220-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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