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Rajam SM, Varghese PC, Shirude MB, Syed KM, Devarajan A, Natarajan K, Dutta D. Kinase activity of histone chaperone APLF maintains steady state of centrosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151439. [PMID: 38968704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed the role of mouse Aprataxin PNK-like Factor (APLF) in development. Nevertheless, the comprehensive characterization of mouse APLF remains entirely unexplored. Based on domain deletion studies, here we report that mouse APLF's Acidic Domain and Fork Head Associated (FHA) domain can chaperone histones and repair DNA like the respective human orthologs. Immunofluorescence studies in mouse embryonic stem cells showed APLF co-localized with γ-tubulin within and around the centrosomes and govern the number and integrity of centrosomes via PLK4 phosphorylation. Enzymatic analysis established mouse APLF as a kinase. Docking studies identified three putative ATP binding sites within the FHA domain. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that R37 residue within the FHA domain is indispensable for the kinase activity of APLF thereby regulating the centrosome number. These findings might assist us comprehend APLF in different pathological and developmental conditions and reveal non-canonical kinase activity of proteins harbouring FHA domains that might impact multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthy Manuraj Rajam
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Pallavi Chinnu Varghese
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Mayur Balkrishna Shirude
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State 576104, India
| | - Khaja Mohieddin Syed
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Anjali Devarajan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Transdisciplinary Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Regenerative Biology Program, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India.
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2
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Krivec N, Ghosh MS, Spits C. Gains of 20q11.21 in human pluripotent stem cells: Insights from cancer research. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:11-27. [PMID: 38157850 PMCID: PMC10828824 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic abnormalities observed in hPSC cultures worldwide have been suggested to pose an important hurdle in their safe use in regenerative medicine due to the possibility of oncogenic transformation by mutant cells in the patient posttransplantation. One of the best-characterized genetic lesions in hPSCs is the gain of 20q11.21, found in 20% of hPSC lines worldwide, and strikingly, also amplified in 20% of human cancers. In this review, we have curated the existing knowledge on the incidence of this mutation in hPSCs and cancer, explored the significance of chromosome 20q11.21 amplification in cancer progression, and reviewed the oncogenic role of the genes in the smallest common region of gain, to shed light on the significance of this mutation in hPSC-based cell therapy. Lastly, we discuss the state-of-the-art strategies devised to detect aneuploidies in hPSC cultures, avoid genetic changes in vitro cultures of hPSCs, and strategies to eliminate genetically abnormal cells from culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Krivec
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manjusha S Ghosh
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Morita Y, Kishino Y, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Scalable manufacturing of clinical-grade differentiated cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative therapy. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13248. [PMID: 35534945 PMCID: PMC9357358 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac regenerative therapy is one of the most active and complex fields to achieve this alternative to heart transplantation and requires the integration of medicine, science, and engineering. Mortality in patients with heart failure remains high worldwide. Although heart transplantation is the sole strategy for treating severe heart failure, the number of donors is limited. Therefore, hPSC‐derived CM (hPSC‐CM) transplantation is expected to replace heart transplantation. To achieve this goal, for basic research, various issues should be considered, including how to induce hPSC proliferation efficiently for cardiac differentiation, induce hPSC‐CMs, eliminate residual undifferentiated hPSCs and non‐CMs, and assess for the presence of residual undifferentiated hPSCs in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current stage of resolving these issues and future directions for realizing hPSC‐based cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Farina AR, Cappabianca LA, Zelli V, Sebastiano M, Mackay AR. Mechanisms involved in selecting and maintaining neuroblastoma cancer stem cell populations, and perspectives for therapeutic targeting. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:685-736. [PMID: 34367474 PMCID: PMC8316860 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric neuroblastomas (NBs) are heterogeneous, aggressive, therapy-resistant embryonal tumours that originate from cells of neural crest (NC) origin and in particular neuroblasts committed to the sympathoadrenal progenitor cell lineage. Therapeutic resistance, post-therapeutic relapse and subsequent metastatic NB progression are driven primarily by cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulations, which through their self-renewing capacity, intermittent and slow cell cycles, drug-resistant and reversibly adaptive plastic phenotypes, represent the most important obstacle to improving therapeutic outcomes in unfavourable NBs. In this review, dedicated to NB CSCs and the prospects for their therapeutic eradication, we initiate with brief descriptions of the unique transient vertebrate embryonic NC structure and salient molecular protagonists involved NC induction, specification, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and migratory behaviour, in order to familiarise the reader with the embryonic cellular and molecular origins and background to NB. We follow this by introducing NB and the potential NC-derived stem/progenitor cell origins of NBs, before providing a comprehensive review of the salient molecules, signalling pathways, mechanisms, tumour microenvironmental and therapeutic conditions involved in promoting, selecting and maintaining NB CSC subpopulations, and that underpin their therapy-resistant, self-renewing metastatic behaviour. Finally, we review potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects for targeting and eradication of these bastions of NB therapeutic resistance, post-therapeutic relapse and metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, AQ, Italy
| | - Lucia Annamaria Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, AQ, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, AQ, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, AQ, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, AQ, Italy.
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5
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Riggs MJ, Sheridan SD, Rao RR. ARHGDIA Confers Selective Advantage to Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:705-713. [PMID: 34036793 PMCID: PMC8309423 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have generated significant interest in the scientific community based on their potential applications in regenerative medicine. However, numerous research groups have reported a propensity for genomic alterations during hPSC culture that poses concerns for basic research and clinical applications. Work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated that amplification of chromosomal regions is correlated with increased gene expression. To date, the phenotypic association of common genomic alterations remains unclear and is a cause for concern during clinical use. In this study, we focus on trisomy 17 and a list of candidate genes with increased gene expression to hypothesize that overexpressing 17q25 located ARHGDIA will confer selective advantage to hPSCs. HPSC lines overexpressing ARHGDIA exhibited culture dominance in co-cultures of overexpression lines with nonoverexpression lines. Furthermore, during low-density seeding, we demonstrate increased clonality of our ARHGDIA lines against matched controls. A striking observation is that we could reduce this selective advantage by varying the hPSC culture conditions with the addition of ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi). This work is unique in (1) demonstrating a novel gene that confers selective advantage to hPSCs when overexpressed and may help explain a common trisomy dominance, (2) providing a selection model for studying culture conditions that reduce the appearance of genomically altered hPSCs, and (3) aiding in elucidation of a mechanism that may act as a molecular switch during culture adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Riggs
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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6
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Pospisilova V, Esner M, Cervenkova I, Fedr R, Tinevez JY, Hampl A, Anger M. The frequency and consequences of multipolar mitoses in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:209-217. [PMID: 34907719 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells widely used in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the broader clinical applications of ES cells are limited by their genomic instability and karyotypic abnormalities. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying ES cell karyotypic abnormalities is critical to optimizing their clinical use. In this study, we focused on proliferating human and mouse ES cells undergoing multipolar divisions. Specifically, we analyzed the frequency and outcomes of such divisions using a combination of time-lapse microscopy and cell tracking. This revealed that cells resulting from multipolar divisions were not only viable, but they also frequently underwent subsequent cell divisions. Our novel data also showed that in human and mouse ES cells, multipolar spindles allowed more robust escape from chromosome segregation control mechanisms than bipolar spindles. Considering the frequency of multipolar divisions in proliferating ES cells, it is conceivable that cell division errors underlie ES cell karyotypic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pospisilova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Esner
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Cervenkova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ales Hampl
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,St. Anne's University Hospital, International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Nikitina TV, Kashevarova AA, Lebedev IN. Chromosomal Instability and Karyotype Correction in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Renzova T, Bohaciakova D, Esner M, Pospisilova V, Barta T, Hampl A, Cajanek L. Inactivation of PLK4-STIL Module Prevents Self-Renewal and Triggers p53-Dependent Differentiation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:959-972. [PMID: 30197118 PMCID: PMC6178195 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles account for centrosomes and cilia formation. Recently, a link between centrosomal components and human developmental disorders has been established. However, the exact mechanisms how centrosome abnormalities influence embryogenesis and cell fate are not understood. PLK4-STIL module represents a key element of centrosome duplication cycle. We analyzed consequences of inactivation of the module for early events of embryogenesis in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We demonstrate that blocking of PLK4 or STIL functions leads to centrosome loss followed by both p53-dependent and -independent defects, including prolonged cell divisions, upregulation of p53, chromosome instability, and, importantly, reduction of pluripotency markers and induction of differentiation. We show that the observed loss of key stem cells properties is connected to alterations in mitotic timing and protein turnover. In sum, our data define a link between centrosome, its regulators, and the control of pluripotency and differentiation in PSCs. Blocking of PLK4-STIL module in hESCs/hiPSCs leads to: Centrosome loss, prolonged and error-prone mitosis; p53-dependent differentiation; Reduction of pluripotency linked to altered protein turnover
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Renzova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Esner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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9
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Porokh V, Vaňhara P, Bárta T, Jurečková L, Bohačiaková D, Pospíšilová V, Mináriková D, Holubcová Z, Pelková V, Souček K, Hampl A. Soluble Cripto-1 Induces Accumulation of Supernumerary Centrosomes and Formation of Aberrant Mitoses in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1077-1084. [PMID: 29882484 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability evoked by abnormalities in centrosome numbers has been traditionally considered as a hallmark of aberrant, typically cancerous or senescent cells. We have reported previously that pristine human embryonic stem cells (hESC) suffer from high frequency of supernumerary centrosomes and hence may be prone to undergo abnormal mitotic divisions. We have also unraveled that this phenomenon of multicentrosomal mitoses vanishes with prolonged time in culture and with initiation of differentiation, and it is strongly affected by the culture substratum. In this study, we report for the first time that Cripto-1 protein (teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1, epidermal growth factor-Cripto/FRL-1/Cryptic) produced by hESC represents a factor capable of inducing formation of supernumerary centrosomes in cultured hESC. Elimination of Cripto-1 signaling on the other hand restores the normal number of centrosomes in hESC. Linking the secretory phenotype of hESC to the centrosomal metabolism may help to develop better strategies for propagation of stable and safe bioindustrial and clinical grade cultures of hESC. From a broader point of view, it may lead to unravelling Cripto-1 as a micro-environmental factor contributing to adverse cell behaviors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Porokh
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
- 2 Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering (CBCE), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bárta
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jurečková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dáša Bohačiaková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pospíšilová
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Mináriková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Holubcová
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pelková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- 2 Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering (CBCE), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- 3 Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
- 2 Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering (CBCE), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Ohmine S, Salisbury JL, Ingle J, Pettinato G, Haddox CL, Haddad T, Galanis E, Ikeda Y, D'assoro AB. Aurora-A overexpression is linked to development of aggressive teratomas derived from human iPS cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1725-1730. [PMID: 29393405 PMCID: PMC5868406 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising advancement in the field of regenerative and personalized medicine. Expression of SOX2, KLF4, OCT4 and MYC transcription factors induces the nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells into hiPSCs that share striking similarities with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, several studies have demonstrated that hESCs and hiPSCs could lead to teratoma formation in vivo, thus limiting their current clinical applications. Aberrant cell cycle regulation of hESCs is linked to centrosome amplification, which may account, for their enhanced chromosomal instability (CIN), and thus increase their tumorigenicity. Significantly, the tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role as a 'guardian of reprogramming', safeguarding genomic integrity during hiPSC reprogramming. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms leading to development of CIN during reprogramming and increased tumorigenic potential of hiPSCs remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we analyzed CIN in hiPSCs derived from keratinocytes and established that chromosomal and mitotic aberrations were linked to centrosome amplification, Aurora-A overexpression, abrogation of p53-mediated G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and loss of Rb tumor-suppressor function. When hiPSCs were transplanted into the kidney capsules of immunocompromised mice, they developed high-grade teratomas characterized by the presence of cells that exhibited non-uniform shapes and sizes, high nuclear pleomorphism and centrosome amplification. Significantly, ex vivo cells derived from teratomas exhibited high self-renewal capacity that was linked to Aurora-A kinase activity and gave rise to lung metastasis when injected into the tail vein of immunocompromised mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrated a high risk for malignancy of hiPSCs that exhibit Aurora-A overexpression, loss of Rb function, centrosome amplification and CIN. Based on these findings, we proposed that Aurora-A-targeted therapy could represent a promising prophylactic therapeutic strategy to decrease the likelihood of CIN and development of aggressive teratomas derived from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiga Ohmine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James Ingle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Candace L Haddox
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tufia Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Antonino B D'assoro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Barandalla M, Shi H, Xiao H, Colleoni S, Galli C, Lio P, Trotter M, Lazzari G. Global gene expression profiling and senescence biomarker analysis of hESC exposed to H 2O 2 induced non-cytotoxic oxidative stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:160. [PMID: 28676096 PMCID: PMC5497375 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) potentially offer new routes to study, on the basis of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, how the maternal environment during pregnancy influences the offspring’s health and can predispose to chronic disease in later life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defences and cellular redox status play a key function in gene expression regulation and are involved in diabetes and metabolic syndromes as in ageing. Methods We have, therefore, designed an in vitro cell model of oxidative stress by exposing hESCs to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during 72 h, in order to resemble the period of preimplantation embryonic development. Results We have analysed the global gene expression profiles of hESCs (HUES3) exposed to non-cytotoxic H2O2 concentrations, using Illumina microarray HT-12 v4, and we found the differential expression of 569 upregulated and 485 downregulated genes. The most affected gene ontology categories were those related with RNA processing and splicing, oxidation reduction and sterol metabolic processes. We compared our findings with a published RNA-seq profiling dataset of human embryos developed in vitro, thereupon exposed to oxidative stress, and we observed that one of the common downregulated genes between this publication and our data, NEDD1, is involved in centrosome structure and function. Conclusions Therefore, we assessed the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and showed that the percentage of cells with more than two centrosomes increased acutely with H2O2 treatment in hESCs (HUES3 and 7) and in a control somatic cell line (Hs27), inducing a premature entry into senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0602-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barandalla
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Xiao
- Computer laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Trotter
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Seville, Spain
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy
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12
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Araújo MR, Kyrylenko S, Spejo AB, Castro MV, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Transgenic human embryonic stem cells overexpressing FGF2 stimulate neuroprotection following spinal cord ventral root avulsion. Exp Neurol 2017; 294:45-57. [PMID: 28450050 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ventral root avulsion (VRA) triggers a strong glial reaction which contributes to neuronal loss, as well as to synaptic detachment. To overcome the degenerative effects of VRA, treatments with neurotrophic factors and stem cells have been proposed. Thus, we investigated neuroprotection elicited by human embryonic stem cells (hESC), modified to overexpress a human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), on motoneurons subjected to VRA. Lewis rats were submitted to VRA (L4-L6) and hESC/FGF-2 were applied to the injury site using a fibrin scaffold. The spinal cords were processed to evaluate neuronal survival, synaptic stability, and glial reactivity two weeks post lesion. Then, qRT-PCR was used to assess gene expression of β2-microglobulin (β2m), TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and IL10 in the spinal cord in vivo and FGF2 mRNA levels in hESC in vitro. The results indicate that hESC overexpressing FGF2 significantly rescued avulsed motoneurons, preserving synaptic covering and reducing astroglial reactivity. The cells were also shown to express BDNF and GDNF at the site of injury. Additionally, engraftment of hESC led to a significant reduction in mRNA levels of TNFα at the spinal cord ventral horn, indicating their immunomodulatory properties. Overall, the present data suggest that hESC overexpressing FGF2 are neuroprotective and can shift gene expression towards an anti-inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rocha Araújo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergiy Kyrylenko
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aline Barroso Spejo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus Vidigal Castro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista), São Paulo State, Brazil; Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista), São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista), São Paulo State, Brazil; Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista), São Paulo State, Brazil
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13
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Rebuzzini P, Zuccotti M, Redi CA, Garagna S. Achilles' heel of pluripotent stem cells: genetic, genomic and epigenetic variations during prolonged culture. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2453-66. [PMID: 26961132 PMCID: PMC11108315 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells differentiate into almost any specialized adult cell type of an organism. PSCs can be derived either from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst-giving rise to embryonic stem cells-or after reprogramming of somatic terminally differentiated cells to obtain ES-like cells, named induced pluripotent stem cells. The potential use of these cells in the clinic, for investigating in vitro early embryonic development or for screening the effects of new drugs or xenobiotics, depends on capability to maintain their genome integrity during prolonged culture and differentiation. Both human and mouse PSCs are prone to genomic and (epi)genetic instability during in vitro culture, a feature that seriously limits their real potential use. Culture-induced variations of specific chromosomes or genes, are almost all unpredictable and, as a whole, differ among independent cell lines. They may arise at different culture passages, suggesting the absence of a safe passage number maintaining genome integrity and rendering the control of genomic stability mandatory since the very early culture passages. The present review highlights the urgency for further studies on the mechanisms involved in determining (epi)genetic and chromosome instability, exploiting the knowledge acquired earlier on other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Unita' di Anatomia, Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali (S.BI.BI.T.), Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Redi
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi, 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Garagna
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Gu YF, OuYang Q, Dai C, Lu CF, Lin G, Gong F, Lu GX. Abnormalities in centrosome number in human embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:392-404. [PMID: 26946049 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Gu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Qi OuYang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Can Dai
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Chang-Fu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
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15
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Cortese FAB, Santostasi G. Whole-Body Induced Cell Turnover: A Proposed Intervention for Age-Related Damage and Associated Pathology. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:322-36. [PMID: 26649945 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In both biomedicine in general and biomedical gerontology in particular, cell replacement therapy is traditionally proposed as an intervention for cell loss. This article presents a proposed intervention-whole-body induced cell turnover (WICT)-for use in biomedical gerontology that combines cell replacement therapy with a second therapeutic component (targeted cell ablation) so as to broaden the therapeutic utility of cell therapies and increase the categories of age-related damage that are amenable to cell-based interventions. In particular, WICT may allow cell therapies to serve as an intervention for accumulated cellular and intracellular damage, such as telomere depletion, genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA damage and mutations, replicative senescence, functionally deleterious age-related changes in gene expression, accumulated cellular and intracellular aggregates, and functionally deleterious posttranslationally modified gene products. WICT consists of the gradual ablation and subsequent replacement of a patient's entire set of constituent cells gradually over the course of their adult life span through the quantitative and qualitative coordination of targeted cell ablation with exogenous cell administration. The aim is to remove age-associated cellular and intracellular damage present in the patient's endogenous cells. In this study, we outline the underlying techniques and technologies by which WICT can be mediated, describe the mechanisms by which it can serve to negate or prevent age-related cellular and intracellular damage, explicate the unique therapeutic components and utilities that distinguish it as a distinct type of cell-based intervention for use in biomedical gerontology, and address potential complications associated with the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Santostasi
- 2 Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Multivariate Calibration Approach for Quantitative Determination of Cell-Line Cross Contamination by Intact Cell Mass Spectrometry and Artificial Neural Networks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147414. [PMID: 26821236 PMCID: PMC4731057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-contamination of eukaryotic cell lines used in biomedical research represents a highly relevant problem. Analysis of repetitive DNA sequences, such as Short Tandem Repeats (STR), or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), is a widely accepted, simple, and commercially available technique to authenticate cell lines. However, it provides only qualitative information that depends on the extent of reference databases for interpretation. In this work, we developed and validated a rapid and routinely applicable method for evaluation of cell culture cross-contamination levels based on mass spectrometric fingerprints of intact mammalian cells coupled with artificial neural networks (ANNs). We used human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) contaminated by either mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a model. We determined the contamination level using a mass spectra database of known calibration mixtures that served as training input for an ANN. The ANN was then capable of correct quantification of the level of contamination of hESCs by mESCs or MEFs. We demonstrate that MS analysis, when linked to proper mathematical instruments, is a tangible tool for unraveling and quantifying heterogeneity in cell cultures. The analysis is applicable in routine scenarios for cell authentication and/or cell phenotyping in general.
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17
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Acevedo-Acevedo S, Crone WC. Substrate stiffness effect and chromosome missegregation in hIPS cells. J Negat Results Biomed 2015; 14:22. [PMID: 26683848 PMCID: PMC4683860 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-015-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring genetic stability in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures is essential for the development of successful cell therapies. Although most instances lead to failed experiments and go unreported in the literature, many laboratories have found the emergence of genetic abnormalities in PSCs when cultured in vitro for prolonged amounts of time. These cells are primarily cultured in non-physiological stiff substrates like tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) which raises the possibility that the cause of these abnormalities may be influenced by substrate mechanics. FINDINGS In order to investigate this, human PSCs were grown on substrates of varying stiffness such as a range of polyacrylamide formulations, TCPS, and borosilicate glass coverslips. These substrates allowed for the testing of a stiffness range from 5kPa to 64GPa. Two human induced PSC (iPSC) lines were analyzed in this study: 19-9-11 iPSCs and 19.7 clone F iPSCs. Centrosome and DNA staining revealed that 19-9-11 iPSCs range from 1-8.5 % abnormal mitoses under the different culture conditions. A range of 4.4-8.1 % abnormal mitoses was found for 19.7 clone F iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal cell division was not biased towards one particular substrate. It was confirmed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test that there was no statistically significant difference between passage numbers, cell lines, or substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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18
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Genomic Instability in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Arises from Replicative Stress and Chromosome Condensation Defects. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 18:253-61. [PMID: 26669899 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) frequently acquire chromosomal aberrations such as aneuploidy in culture. These aberrations progressively increase over time and may compromise the properties and clinical utility of the cells. The underlying mechanisms that drive initial genomic instability and its continued progression are largely unknown. Here, we show that aneuploid hPSCs undergo DNA replication stress, resulting in defective chromosome condensation and segregation. Aneuploid hPSCs show altered levels of actin cytoskeletal genes controlled by the transcription factor SRF, and overexpression of SRF rescues impaired chromosome condensation and segregation defects in aneuploid hPSCs. Furthermore, SRF downregulation in diploid hPSCs induces replication stress and perturbed condensation similar to that seen in aneuploid cells. Together, these results suggest that decreased SRF expression induces replicative stress and chromosomal condensation defects that underlie the ongoing chromosomal instability seen in aneuploid hPSCs. A similar mechanism may also operate during initiation of instability in diploid cells.
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19
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Štěpka K, Matula P, Matula P, Wörz S, Rohr K, Kozubek M. Performance and sensitivity evaluation of 3D spot detection methods in confocal microscopy. Cytometry A 2015; 87:759-72. [PMID: 26033916 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reliable 3D detection of diffraction-limited spots in fluorescence microscopy images is an important task in subcellular observation. Generally, fluorescence microscopy images are heavily degraded by noise and non-specifically stained background, making reliable detection a challenging task. In this work, we have studied the performance and parameter sensitivity of eight recent methods for 3D spot detection. The study is based on both 3D synthetic image data and 3D real confocal microscopy images. The synthetic images were generated using a simulator modeling the complete imaging setup, including the optical path as well as the image acquisition process. We studied the detection performance and parameter sensitivity under different noise levels and under the influence of uneven background signal. To evaluate the parameter sensitivity, we propose a novel measure based on the gradient magnitude of the F1 score. We measured the success rate of the individual methods for different types of the image data and found that the type of image degradation is an important factor. Using the F1 score and the newly proposed sensitivity measure, we found that the parameter sensitivity is not necessarily proportional to the success rate of a method. This also provided an explanation why the best performing method for synthetic data was outperformed by other methods when applied to the real microscopy images. On the basis of the results obtained, we conclude with the recommendation of the HDome method for data with relatively low variations in quality, or the Sorokin method for image sets in which the quality varies more. We also provide alternative recommendations for high-quality images, and for situations in which detailed parameter tuning might be deemed expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Štěpka
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Wörz
- IPMB and BIOQUANT, Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, and DKFZ, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- IPMB and BIOQUANT, Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, and DKFZ, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal Kozubek
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Tosca L, Feraud O, Magniez A, Bas C, Griscelli F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Tachdjian G. Genomic instability of human embryonic stem cell lines using different passaging culture methods. Mol Cytogenet 2015; 8:30. [PMID: 26052346 PMCID: PMC4456787 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-015-0133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human embryonic stem cells exhibit genomic instability that can be related to culture duration or to the passaging methods used for cell dissociation. In order to study the impact of cell dissociation techniques on human embryonic stem cells genomic instability, we cultured H1 and H9 human embryonic stem cells lines using mechanical/manual or enzymatic/collagenase-IV dissociation methods. Genomic instability was evaluated at early (<p60) and late (>p60) passages by using oligonucleotide based array-comparative genomic hybridization 105 K with a mean resolution of 50 Kb. Results DNA variations were mainly located on subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions with sizes <100 Kb. In this study, 9 recurrent genomic variations were acquired during culture including the well known duplication 20q11.21. When comparing cell dissociation methods, we found no significant differences between DNA variations number and size, DNA gain or DNA loss frequencies, homozygous loss frequencies and no significant difference on the content of genes involved in development, cell cycle tumorigenesis and syndrome disease. In addition, we have never found any malignant tissue in 4 different teratoma representative of the two independent stem cell lines. Conclusions These results show that the occurrence of genomic instability in human embryonic stem cells is similar using mechanical or collagenase IV-based enzymatic cell culture dissociation methods. All the observed genomic variations have no impact on the development of malignancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-015-0133-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Tosca
- AP-HP, Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart, F-92141 France ; Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275 France ; Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France
| | - Olivier Feraud
- Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France
| | - Aurélie Magniez
- Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France
| | - Cécile Bas
- AP-HP, Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart, F-92141 France ; Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275 France ; Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France ; AP-HP, Hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Villejuif, F-94801 France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- AP-HP, Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Clamart, F-92141 France ; Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, F-94275 France ; Esteam Paris Sud INSERM UMR-S 935, Villejuif, F-94801 France
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21
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Kodet O, Lacina L, Krejčí E, Dvořánková B, Grim M, Štork J, Kodetová D, Vlček Č, Šáchová J, Kolář M, Strnad H, Smetana K. Melanoma cells influence the differentiation pattern of human epidermal keratinocytes. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25560632 PMCID: PMC4325966 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nodular melanoma is one of the most life threatening tumors with still poor therapeutic outcome. Similarly to other tumors, permissive microenvironment is essential for melanoma progression. Features of this microenvironment are arising from molecular crosstalk between the melanoma cells (MC) and the surrounding cell populations in the context of skin tissue. Here, we study the effect of melanoma cells on human primary keratinocytes (HPK). Presence of MC is as an important modulator of the tumor microenvironment and we compare it to the effect of nonmalignant lowly differentiated cells also originating from neural crest (NCSC). Methods Comparative morphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis of epidermis surrounding nodular melanoma (n = 100) was performed. Data were compared to results of transcriptome profiling of in vitro models, in which HPK were co-cultured with MC, normal human melanocytes, and NCSC, respectively. Differentially expressed candidate genes were verified by RT-qPCR. Biological activity of candidate proteins was assessed on cultured HPK. Results Epidermis surrounding nodular melanoma exhibits hyperplastic features in 90% of cases. This hyperplastic region exhibits aberrant suprabasal expression of keratin 14 accompanied by loss of keratin 10. We observe that MC and NCSC are able to increase expression of keratins 8, 14, 19, and vimentin in the co-cultured HPK. This in vitro finding partially correlates with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia observed in melanoma biopsies. We provide evidence of FGF-2, CXCL-1, IL-8, and VEGF-A participation in the activity of melanoma cells on keratinocytes. Conclusion We conclude that the MC are able to influence locally the differentiation pattern of keratinocytes in vivo as well as in vitro. This interaction further highlights the role of intercellular interactions in melanoma. The reciprocal role of activated keratinocytes on biology of melanoma cells shall be verified in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-14-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hynek Strnad
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 3, CZ-12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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Neganova I, Tilgner K, Buskin A, Paraskevopoulou I, Atkinson SP, Peberdy D, Passos JF, Lako M. CDK1 plays an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency and genomic stability in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1508. [PMID: 25375373 PMCID: PMC4260724 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are characterised by an unusual and tightly regulated cell cycle that has been shown to be important for the maintenance of a pluripotent phenotype. Cyclin-dependant kinase 1 (CDK1) is a key player in cell cycle regulation and particularly mitosis; however, its role has not been studied previously in hESC and hiPSC. To investigate the impacts of CDK1 downregulation, we performed RNA interference studies which in addition to expected mitotic deficiencies revealed a large range of additional phenotypes related to maintenance of pluripotency, ability to repair double strand breaks (DSBs) and commitment to apoptosis. Downregulation of CDK1 led to the loss of typical pluripotent stem cell morphology, downregulation of pluripotency markers and upregulation of a large number of differentiation markers. In addition, human pluripotent stem cells with reduced CDK1 expression accumulated a higher number of DSBs were unable to activate CHK2 expression and could not maintain G2/M arrest upon exposure to ionising radiation. CDK1 downregulation led to the accumulation of cells with abnormal numbers of mitotic organelles, multiple chromosomal abnormalities and polyploidy. Furthermore, such cells demonstrated an inability to execute apoptosis under normal culture conditions, despite a significant increase in the expression of active PARP1, resulting in tolerance and very likely further propagation of genomic instabilities and ensuing of differentiation process. On the contrary, apoptosis but not differentiation, was the preferred route for such cells when they were subjected to ionising radiation. Together these data suggest that CDK1 regulates multiple events in human pluripotent stem cells ranging from regulation of mitosis, G2/M checkpoint maintenance, execution of apoptosis, maintenance of pluripotency and genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Neganova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - K Tilgner
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - A Buskin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - I Paraskevopoulou
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - S P Atkinson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - D Peberdy
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - J F Passos
- Centre for Integrated Systems Biology of Ageing and Nutrition, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - M Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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23
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Weissbein U, Benvenisty N, Ben-David U. Quality control: Genome maintenance in pluripotent stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:153-63. [PMID: 24446481 PMCID: PMC3897183 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201310135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) must maintain their proper genomic content in order to preserve appropriate self-renewal and differentiation capacities. However, their prolonged in vitro propagation, as well as the environmental culture conditions, present serious challenges to genome maintenance. Recent work has been focused on potential means to alleviate the genomic insults experienced by PSCs, and to detect them as soon as they arise, in order to prevent the detrimental consequences of these genomic aberrations on PSC application in basic research and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Weissbein
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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24
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Legartová S, Stixová L, Laur O, Kozubek S, Sehnalová P, Bártová E. Nuclear Structures Surrounding Internal Lamin Invaginations. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:476-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 612 65 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Stixová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 612 65 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Laur
- Emory University School of Medicine; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30322
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 612 65 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sehnalová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 612 65 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; 612 65 Brno Czech Republic
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25
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Pêgo AP, Kubinova S, Cizkova D, Vanicky I, Mar FM, Sousa MM, Sykova E. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of spinal cord injury: more than just promises? J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2564-82. [PMID: 22805417 PMCID: PMC4118226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a complex set of events that lead to tissue healing without the restoration of normal function due to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord. Nevertheless, current knowledge about the intrinsic regenerative ability of central nervous system axons, when in a supportive environment, has made the prospect of treating spinal cord injury a reality. Among the range of strategies under investigation, cell-based therapies offer the most promising results, due to the multifactorial roles that these cells can fulfil. However, the best cell source is still a matter of debate, as are clinical issues that include the optimal cell dose as well as the timing and route of administration. In this context, the role of biomaterials is gaining importance. These can not only act as vehicles for the administered cells but also, in the case of chronic lesions, can be used to fill the permanent cyst, thus creating a more favourable and conducive environment for axonal regeneration in addition to serving as local delivery systems of therapeutic agents to improve the regenerative milieu. Some of the candidate molecules for the future are discussed in view of the knowledge derived from studying the mechanisms that facilitate the intrinsic regenerative capacity of central nervous system neurons. The future challenge for the multidisciplinary teams working in the field is to translate the knowledge acquired in basic research into effective combinatorial therapies to be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pêgo
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Cultivation-dependent plasticity of melanoma phenotype. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3345-55. [PMID: 23757003 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor with increasing incidence and high mortality. The importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of the primary tumor and in early identification of metastases in lymphatic nodes is enormous; however melanoma phenotype is frequently variable and thus several markers must be employed simultaneously. The purposes of this study are to describe changes of phenotype of malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo and to investigate whether changes of environmental factors mimicking natural conditions affect the phenotype of melanoma cells and can revert the typical in vitro loss of diagnostic markers. The influence of microenvironment was studied by means of immunocytochemistry on co-cultures of melanoma cells with melanoma-associated fibroblast and/or in conditioned media. The markers typical for melanoma (HMB45, Melan-A, Tyrosinase) were lost in malignant cells isolated from malignant effusion; however, tumor metastases shared identical phenotype with primary tumor (all markers positive). The melanoma cell lines also exerted reduced phenotype in vitro. The only constantly present diagnostic marker observed in our experiment was S100 protein and, in lesser extent, also Nestin. The phenotype loss was reverted under the influence of melanoma-associated fibroblast and/or both types of conditioned media. Loss of some markers of melanoma cell phenotype is not only of diagnostic significance, but it can presumably also contribute to biological behavior of melanoma. The presented study shows how the conditions of cultivation of melanoma cells can influence their phenotype. This observation can have some impact on considerations about the role of microenvironment in tumor biology.
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27
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Howe K, FitzHarris G. A non-canonical mode of microtubule organization operates throughout pre-implantation development in mouse. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1616-24. [PMID: 23624836 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In dividing animal cells, the centrosome, comprising centrioles and surrounding pericentriolar-material (PCM), is the major interphase microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), arranging a polarized array of microtubules (MTs) that controls cellular architecture. The mouse embryo is a unique setting for investigating the role of centrosomes in MT organization, since the early embryo is acentrosomal, and centrosomes emerge de novo during early cleavages. Here we use embryos from a GFP::CETN2 transgenic mouse to observe the emergence of centrosomes and centrioles in embryos, and show that unfocused acentriolar centrosomes first form in morulae (~16-32-cell stage) and become focused at the blastocyst stage (~64-128 cells) concomitant with the emergence of centrioles. We then used high-resolution microscopy and dynamic tracking of MT growth events in live embryos to examine the impact of centrosome emergence upon interphase MT dynamics. We report that pre-implantation mouse embryos of all stages employ a non-canonical mode of MT organization that generates a complex array of randomly oriented MTs that are preferentially nucleated adjacent to nuclear and plasmalemmal membranes and cell-cell interfaces. Surprisingly, however, cells of the early embryo continue to employ this mode of interphase MT organization even after the emergence of centrosomes. Centrosomes are found at MT-sparse sites and have no detectable impact upon interphase MT dynamics. To our knowledge, the early embryo is unique among proliferating cells in adopting an acentrosomal mode of MT organization despite the presence of centrosomes, revealing that the transition to a canonical mode of interphase MT organization remains incomplete prior to implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Howe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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28
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Dolezalova D, Mraz M, Barta T, Plevova K, Vinarsky V, Holubcova Z, Jaros J, Dvorak P, Pospisilova S, Hampl A. MicroRNAs regulate p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein expression and the DNA damage response in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1362-72. [PMID: 22511267 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) commonly describe the nonfunctional p53-p21 axis of the G1/S checkpoint pathway with subsequent relevance for cell cycle regulation and the DNA damage response (DDR). Importantly, p21 mRNA is clearly present and upregulated after the DDR in hESCs, but p21 protein is not detectable. In this article, we provide evidence that expression of p21 protein is directly regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) pathway under standard culture conditions and after DNA damage. The DDR in hESCs leads to upregulation of tens of miRNAs, including hESC-specific miRNAs such as those of the miR-302 family, miR-371-372 family, or C19MC miRNA cluster. Most importantly, we show that the hESC-enriched miRNA family miR-302 (miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-302d) directly contributes to regulation of p21 expression in hESCs and, thus, demonstrate a novel function for miR-302s in hESCS. The described mechanism elucidates the role of miRNAs in regulation of important molecular pathway governing the G1/S transition checkpoint before as well as after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Dolezalova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3/A1, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Ben-David U, Benvenisty N. High prevalence of evolutionarily conserved and species-specific genomic aberrations in mouse pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:612-22. [PMID: 22328490 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are the best studied pluripotent system and are regarded as the "gold standard" to which human PSCs are compared. However, while the genomic integrity of human PSCs has recently drawn much attention, mouse PSCs have not been systematically evaluated in this regard. The genomic stability of PSCs is a matter of profound significance, as it affects their pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenicity. We thus performed a thorough analysis of the genomic integrity of 325 samples of mouse PSCs, including 127 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) samples. We found that genomic aberrations occur frequently in mouse embryonic stem cells of various mouse strains, add in mouse iPSCs of various cell origins and derivation techniques. Four hotspots of chromosomal aberrations were detected: full trisomy 11 (with a minimally recurrent gain in 11qE2), full trisomy 8, and deletions in chromosomes 10qB and 14qC-14qE. The most recurrent aberration in mouse PSCs, gain 11qE2, turned out to be fully syntenic to the common aberration 17q25 in human PSCs, while other recurrent aberrations were found to be species specific. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in 74 samples of rhesus macaque PSCs revealed a gain in chromosome 16q, syntenic to the hotspot in human 17q. Importantly, these common aberrations jeopardize the interpretation of published comparisons of PSCs, which were unintentionally conducted between normal and aberrant cells. Therefore, this work emphasizes the need to carefully monitor genomic integrity of PSCs from all species, for their proper use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Ben-David
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Transcriptome analysis reveals strain-specific and conserved stemness genes in Schmidtea mediterranea. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34447. [PMID: 22496805 PMCID: PMC3319590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is a powerful model organism for studying stem cell biology due to its extraordinary regenerative ability mediated by neoblasts, a population of adult somatic stem cells. Elucidation of the S. mediterranea transcriptome and the dynamics of transcript expression will increase our understanding of the gene regulatory programs that regulate stem cell function and differentiation. Here, we have used RNA-Seq to characterize the S. mediterranea transcriptome in sexual and asexual animals and in purified neoblast and differentiated cell populations. Our analysis identified many uncharacterized genes, transcripts, and alternatively spliced isoforms that are differentially expressed in a strain or cell type-specific manner. Transcriptome profiling of purified neoblasts and differentiated cells identified neoblast-enriched transcripts, many of which likely play important roles in regeneration and stem cell function. Strikingly, many of the neoblast-enriched genes are orthologs of genes whose expression is enriched in human embryonic stem cells, suggesting that a core set of genes that regulate stem cell function are conserved across metazoan species.
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31
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Liskovykh M, Chuykin I, Ranjan A, Safina D, Popova E, Tolkunova E, Mosienko V, Minina JM, Zhdanova NS, Mullins JJ, Bader M, Alenina N, Tomilin A. Derivation, characterization, and stable transfection of induced pluripotent stem cells from Fischer344 rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27345. [PMID: 22076153 PMCID: PMC3208629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat represents an important animal model that, in many respects, is superior to the mouse for dissecting behavioral, cardiovascular and other physiological pathologies relevant to humans. Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from rats (riPS) opens the opportunity for gene targeting in specific rat strains, as well as for the development of new protocols for the treatment of different degenerative diseases. Here, we report an improved lentivirus-based hit-and-run riPS derivation protocol that makes use of small inhibitors of MEK and GSK3. We demonstrate that the excision of proviruses does not affect either the karyotype or the differentiation ability of these cells. We show that the established riPS cells are readily amenable to genetic manipulations such as stable electroporation. Finally, we propose a genetic tool for an improvement of riPS cell quality in culture. These data may prompt iPS cell-based gene targeting in rat as well as the development of iPS cell-based therapies using disease models established in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Chuykin
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Dina Safina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Popova
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Elena Tolkunova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Julia M. Minina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia S. Zhdanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - John J. Mullins
- The BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Alexey Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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32
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Abstract
The unique abilities of human pluripotent stem cells to self-renew and to differentiate into cells of the three germ layers make them an invaluable tool for the future of regenerative medicine. However, the same properties also make them tumorigenic, and therefore hinder their clinical application. Hence, the tumorigenicity of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) has been extensively studied. Until recently, it was assumed that human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) would behave like their embryonic counterparts in respect to their tumorigenicity. However, a rapidly accumulating body of evidence suggests that there are important genetic and epigenetic differences between these two cell types, which seem to influence their tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Ben-David
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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33
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Philonenko ES, Shutova MV, Chestkov IV, Lagarkova MA, Kiselev SL. Current progress and potential practical application for human pluripotent stem cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 292:153-96. [PMID: 22078961 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386033-0.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are able to give rise to all cell types of the organism. There are two sources for human pluripotent stem cells: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from surplus blastocysts created for in vitro fertilization and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated by reprogramming of somatic cells. ESCs have been an area of intense research during the past decade, and two clinical trials have been recently approved. iPSCs were created only recently, and most of the research has been focused on the iPSC generation protocols and investigation of mechanisms of direct reprogramming. The iPSC technology makes possible to derive pluripotent stem cells from any patient. However, there are a number of hurdles to be overcome before iPSCs will find a niche in practice. In this review, we discuss differences and similarities of the two pluripotent cell types and assess prospects for application of these cells in biomedicine.
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