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Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Becker HJ, Yamazaki S. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:698-705. [PMID: 38221718 PMCID: PMC10921004 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells found in the bone marrow that play a critical role in lifelong hematopoiesis and the reconstitution of the hematopoietic system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for patients with refractory hematologic disorders, and umbilical cord blood (CB) serves as an alternative stem cell source due to its several advantageous characteristics, including human leukocyte antigen flexibility and reduced donor burden. However, CB also has the disadvantage of containing a small number of cells, resulting in limited donor selection and a longer time for engraftment. Therefore, the development of techniques to expand HSCs ex vivo, particularly umbilical CB, is a goal in hematology. While various combinations of cytokines were once the mainstream approach, these protocols had limited expansion rates and did not lead to clinical application. However, in recent years, the development of a technique in which small molecules are added to cytokines has enabled the stable, long-term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. Clinical trials of expanded umbilical CB using these techniques have been undertaken and have confirmed their efficacy and safety. In addition, we have successfully developed a recombinant-cytokine-free and albumin-free culture system for the long-term expansion of human HSCs. This approach could offer the potential for more selective expansion of human HSCs compared to previous protocols. This review discusses ex vivo culture protocols for expanding human HSCs and presents the results of clinical trials using these techniques, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sakurai
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kantaro Ishitsuka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
| | - Hans Jiro Becker
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
- Division of Cell Regulation, Center of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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2
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Shirdare M, Amiri F, Samiee MP, Safari A. Influential factors for optimizing and strengthening mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells co-culture. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:189. [PMID: 38270694 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are two types of bone marrow stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into different cell lineages. HSCs interact with MSCs under protective conditions, called niche. Numerous studies have indicated supportive effects of MSCs on HSCs proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, HSCs have many clinical applications and could treat different hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. For this purpose, there is a need to perform in vitro studies to optimize their expansion. Therefore, various methods including co-culture with MSCs are used to address the limitations of HSCs culture. Some parameters that might be effective for improving the MSC/ HSC co-culture systems. Manipulating culture condition to enhance MSC paracrine activity, scaffolds, hypoxia, culture medium additives, and the use of various MSC sources, have been examined in different studies. In this article, we investigated the potential factors for optimizing HSCs/ MSCs co-culture. It might be helpful to apply a suitable approach for providing high-quality HSCs and improving their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Shirdare
- Central Medical Laboratory, Vice Chancellor for Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Pouya Samiee
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Safari
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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3
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In Vitro Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060896. [PMID: 36980237 PMCID: PMC10046976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system plays an essential role in our health and survival. It is comprised of a range of mature blood and immune cell types, including oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, platelet-producing megakaryocytes and infection-fighting myeloid and lymphoid cells. Self-renewing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a range of intermediate haematopoietic progenitor cell types differentiate into these mature cell types to continuously support haematopoietic system homeostasis throughout life. This process of haematopoiesis is tightly regulated in vivo and primarily takes place in the bone marrow. Over the years, a range of in vitro culture systems have been developed, either to expand haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or to differentiate them into the various haematopoietic lineages, based on the use of recombinant cytokines, co-culture systems and/or small molecules. These approaches provide important tractable models to study human haematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, haematopoietic cell culture systems are being developed and clinical tested as a source of cell products for transplantation and transfusion medicine. This review discusses the in vitro culture protocols for human HSC expansion and differentiation, and summarises the key factors involved in these biological processes.
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Albayrak E, Kocabaş F. Therapeutic targeting and HSC proliferation by small molecules and biologicals. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:425-496. [PMID: 37061339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have considerably therapeutic value on autologous and allogeneic transplantation for many malignant/non-malignant hematological diseases, especially with improvement of gene therapy. However, acquirement of limited cell dose from HSC sources is the main handicap for successful transplantation. Therefore, many strategies based on the utilization of various cytokines, interaction of stromal cells, modulation of several extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been developed to promote ex vivo functional HSC expansion with high reconstitution ability until today. Besides all these strategies, small molecules become prominent with their ease of use and various advantages when they are translated to the clinic. In the last two decades, several small molecule compounds have been investigated in pre-clinical studies and, some of them were evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for their safety and efficiencies. In this chapter, we will present an overview of HSC biology, function, regulation and also, pharmacological HSC modulation with small molecules from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Cruz LJ, Rezaei S, Grosveld F, Philipsen S, Eich C. Nanoparticles targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: Multimodal carriers for the treatment of hematological diseases. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1030285. [PMID: 36407494 PMCID: PMC9666682 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern-day hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapies, such as gene therapy, modify autologous HSCs prior to re-infusion into myelo-conditioned patients and hold great promise for treatment of hematological disorders. While this approach has been successful in numerous clinical trials, it relies on transplantation of ex vivo modified patient HSCs, which presents several limitations. It is a costly and time-consuming procedure, which includes only few patients so far, and ex vivo culturing negatively impacts on the viability and stem cell-properties of HSCs. If viral vectors are used, this carries the additional risk of insertional mutagenesis. A therapy delivered to HSCs in vivo, with minimal disturbance of the HSC niche, could offer great opportunities for novel treatments that aim to reverse disease symptoms for hematopoietic disorders and could bring safe, effective and affordable genetic therapies to all parts of the world. However, substantial unmet needs exist with respect to the in vivo delivery of therapeutics to HSCs. In the last decade, in particular with the development of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an emerging platform to facilitate the manipulation of cells and organs. By employing surface modification strategies, different types of NPs can be designed to target specific tissues and cell types in vivo. HSCs are particularly difficult to target due to the lack of unique cell surface markers that can be utilized for cell-specific delivery of therapeutics, and their shielded localization in the bone marrow (BM). Recent advances in NP technology and genetic engineering have resulted in the development of advanced nanocarriers that can deliver therapeutics and imaging agents to hematopoietic stem- and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the BM niche. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of NP-based approaches targeting HSPCs to control and monitor HSPC activity in vitro and in vivo, and we discuss the potential of NPs for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders, with a specific focus on the delivery of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Somayeh Rezaei
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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ANTXR1 Regulates Erythroid Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway In Vitro and in Hematopoietic Stem Cell. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1226697. [PMID: 36065334 PMCID: PMC9440811 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1226697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a highly complex and sophisticated multistage process regulated by many transcription factors, as well as noncoding RNAs. Anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) is a type I transmembrane protein that binds the anthrax toxin ligands and mediates the entry of its toxic part into cells. It also functions as a receptor for the Protective antigen (PA) of anthrax toxin, and mediates the entry of Edema factor (EF) and Lethal factor (LF) into the cytoplasm of target cells and exerts their toxicity. Previous research has shown that ANTXR1 inhibits the expression of γ-globin during the differentiation of erythroid cells. However, the effect on erythropoiesis from a cellular perspective has not been fully determined. This study examined the role of ANTXR1 on erythropoiesis using K562 and HUDEP-2 cell lines as well as cord blood CD34+ cells. Our study has shown that overexpression of ANTXR1 can positively regulate erythrocyte proliferation, as well as inhibit GATA1 and ALAS2 expression, differentiation, and apoptosis in K562 cells and hematopoietic stem cells. ANTXR1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, promoted GATA1 and ALAS2 expression, accelerated erythrocyte differentiation and apoptosis, and promoted erythrocyte maturation. Our study also showed that ANTXR1 may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, though the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may help to establish a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of blood disorders.
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Huang X, Guo B. Update on preclinical and clinical efforts on ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:167-173. [PMID: 35220322 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is one potential approach to enhance the clinical efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation-based therapy for malignant and nonmalignant blood diseases. Here, we discuss the major progress of preclinical and clinical studies on the ex-vivo expansion of human HSCs and progenitor cells (HPCs). RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell RNA sequencing identified ADGRG1 as a reliable marker of functional HSCs upon ex-vivo expansion-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress. Both SR1 and UM171 significantly promote ex-vivo expansion of human cord blood HSCs and HPCs, as determined in preclinical animal models. Encouraged by these findings from the bench, multiple phase I/II and phase II clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of SR1-expanded and UM171-expanded cord blood units in patients with hematological malignancy. SUMMARY Preliminary data from multiple phase I/II clinical trials regarding transplants of ex-vivo-expanded HSCs and HPCs have demonstrated that ex-vivo expansion may be used to overcome the limitation of the rarity of HSCs without compromising stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Effect of expansion of human umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells on neurotrophic and angiogenic factor expression and function. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:117-132. [PMID: 35106623 PMCID: PMC8976778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of CD34 + cell-based therapies has largely been focused on haematological conditions. However, there is increasing evidence that umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34 + -derived cells have neuroregenerative properties. Due to low cell numbers of CD34 + cells present in UCB, expansion is required to produce sufficient cells for therapeutic purposes, especially in adults or when frequent applications are required. However, it is not known whether expansion of CD34 + cells has an impact on their function and neuroregenerative capacity. We addressed this knowledge gap in this study, via expansion of UCB-derived CD34 + cells using combinations of LDL, UM171 and SR-1 to yield large numbers of cells and then tested their functionality. CD34 + cells expanded for 14 days in media containing UM171 and SR-1 resulted in over 1000-fold expansion. The expanded cells showed an up-regulation of the neurotrophic factor genes BDNF, GDNF, NTF-3 and NTF-4, as well as the angiogenic factors VEGF and ANG. In vitro functionality testing showed that these expanded cells promoted angiogenesis and, in brain glial cells, promoted cell proliferation and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress. Collectively, this study showed that our 14-day expansion protocol provided a robust expansion that could produce enough cells for therapeutic purposes. These expanded cells, when tested in in vitro, maintained functionality as demonstrated through promotion of cell proliferation, attenuation of ROS production caused by oxidative stress and promotion of angiogenesis.
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10
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Li J, Wang X, Ding J, Zhu Y, Min W, Kuang W, Yuan K, Sun C, Yang P. Development and clinical advancement of small molecules for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2808-2831. [PMID: 35755294 PMCID: PMC9214065 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is the only curative therapy for many diseases. HSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) source have many advantages over from bone marrow. However, limited HSC dose in a single CB unit restrict its widespread use. Over the past two decades, ex vivo HSC expansion with small molecules has been an effective approach for obtaining adequate HSCs. Till now, several small-molecule compounds have entered the phase I/II trials, showing safe and favorable pharmacological profiles. As HSC expansion has become a hot topic over recent years, many newly identified small molecules along with novel biological mechanisms for HSC expansion would help solve this challenging issue. Here, we will give an overview of HSC biology, discovery and medicinal chemistry development of small molecules, natural products targeting for HSC expansion, and their recent clinical progresses, as well as potential protein targets for HSC expansion.
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11
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Jiang Y, Xu Z, Ma N, Yin L, Hao C, Li J. Effects of signaling pathway inhibitors on hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:9. [PMID: 33179097 PMCID: PMC7687261 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are numerous small molecule inhibitory drugs available for a wide range of signalling pathways, at present, they are generally not used in combination in clinical settings. Previous reports have reported that the effects of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, p38MAPK, mTOR and histone deacetylase signaling combined together to suppress the stem-like nature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), driving these cells to differentiate, cease proliferating and thereby impairing normal hematopoietic functionality. The present study aimed to determine the effect of HDACs, mTOR, GSK-3β and p38MAPK inhibitor combinations on the efficient expansion of HSCs using flow cytometry. Moreover, it specifically aimed to determine how inhibitors of the GSK3β signaling pathway, in combination with inhibitors of P38MAPK and mTOR signaling or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, could affect HSC expansion, with the goal of identifying novel combination strategies useful for the expansion of HSCs. The results indicated that p38MAPK and/or GSK3β inhibitors increased Lin− cell and Lin−Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) cell numbers in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that a combination of p38MAPK and GSK3β signaling may regulate HSC differentiation in vitro. These findings further indicated that the suppression of p38MAPK and/or GSK3β signalling may modulate HSC differentiation and self-renewal to enhance HSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Jiang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Na Ma
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Yin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Caiqin Hao
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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Optimizing BIO feeding strategy promotes ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:190-197. [PMID: 33127294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion is critical in facilitating the application of hematopoietic/progenitor stem cells (HSPCs) for regenerative therapies. Wnt signaling is implicated in the expansion and self-renewal maintenance of HSPCs. However, a reasonable method to regulate Wnt signaling in ex vivo cultures to achieve robust expansion of HSPCs has not yet been investigated. Here, cord blood-derived CD34+ cells were cultured with the activator of Wnt signaling 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) under the following conditions: vehicle control (group A); BIO was added to the culture on days 0, 4, and 7 (group B); and BIO was added to the culture on days 0 and 7 (group C). Initial BIO treatment promoted the expansion of CD34+ cells on day 4. However, BIO supplementation on days 0 and 4 in group B attenuated HSPC expansion on day 7, while enhancing the multilineage commit potential and secondary expansion ability of expanded CD34+ cells. Based on this finding, an optimized BIO feeding strategy (group C) was proposed to support substantial expansion of HSPCs. After 10 days of culture, the expansion fold of CD34+ cells was 28.70 ± 0.46-folds, which was significantly higher than group A (16.20 ± 0.72-folds, p < 0.05). Moreover, the optimized BIO feeding strategy achieved increased primitive HSPC expansion without the loss of biological functions. Mechanistically, the optimized BIO feeding strategy avoided the excessive activation of Wnt observed in group B while maintaining a moderate level of intracellular β-catenin. These results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for Wnt regulation in ex vivo culture process and a potential strategy to expand HSPCs for transplantation.
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13
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Cancer Biology and Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061388. [PMID: 32503133 PMCID: PMC7349761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with more than 100 substrates and interacting molecules. GSK3β is normally active in cells and negative regulation of GSK3β activity via phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue is required for most normal cells to maintain homeostasis. Aberrant expression and activity of GSK3β contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of common recalcitrant diseases such as glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite recognized roles against several proto-oncoproteins and mediators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, deregulated GSK3β also participates in tumor cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and invasion, as well as sustaining cancer stemness and inducing therapy resistance. A therapeutic effect from GSK3β inhibition has been demonstrated in 25 different cancer types. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that GSK3β inhibition protects normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. Here, we review the evidence supporting aberrant GSK3β as a hallmark property of cancer and highlight the beneficial effects of GSK3β inhibition on normal cells and tissues during cancer therapy. The biological rationale for targeting GSK3β in the treatment of cancer is also discussed at length.
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14
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Morhayim J, Ghebes CA, Erkeland SJ, Ter Borg MND, Hoogenboezem RM, Bindels EMJ, van Alphen FPJ, Kassem M, van Wijnen AJ, Cornelissen JJ, van Leeuwen JP, van der Eerden BCJ, Voermans C, van de Peppel J, Braakman E. Identification of osteolineage cell-derived extracellular vesicle cargo implicated in hematopoietic support. FASEB J 2020; 34:5435-5452. [PMID: 32086861 PMCID: PMC7136136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902610r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteolineage cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a regulatory role in hematopoiesis and have been shown to promote the ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we demonstrate that EVs from different human osteolineage sources do not have the same HSPC expansion promoting potential. Comparison of stimulatory and non‐stimulatory osteolineage EVs by next‐generation sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses revealed distinct microRNA and protein signatures identifying EV‐derived candidate regulators of ex vivo HSPC expansion. Accordingly, the treatment of umbilical cord blood‐derived CD34+ HSPCs with stimulatory EVs‐altered HSPC transcriptome, including genes with known roles in cell proliferation. An integrative bioinformatics approach, which connects the HSPC gene expression data with the candidate cargo in stimulatory EVs, delineated the potentially targeted biological functions and pathways during hematopoietic cell expansion and development. In conclusion, our study gives novel insights into the complex biological role of EVs in osteolineage cell‐HSPC crosstalk and promotes the utility of EVs and their cargo as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Morhayim
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan J Erkeland
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte N D Ter Borg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco M Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jan J Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes P van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Braakman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Kim YH, Cho KA, Lee HJ, Park M, Shin SJ, Park JW, Woo SY, Ryu KH. Conditioned Medium from Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Bone Marrow Engraftment via Endothelial Cell Restoration by Pleiotrophin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010221. [PMID: 31952360 PMCID: PMC7017309 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been widely reported to promote HSC engraftment and enhance marrow stromal regeneration. The present study aimed to define whether MSC conditioned medium could recapitulate the effects of MSC cotransplantation. Mouse bone marrow (BM) was partially ablated by the administration of a busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu–Cy)-conditioning regimen in BALB/c recipient mice. BM cells (BMCs) isolated from C57BL/6 mice were transplanted via tail vein with or without tonsil-derived MSC conditioned medium (T-MSC CM). Histological analysis of femurs showed increased BM cellularity when T-MSC CM or recombinant human pleiotrophin (rhPTN), a cytokine readily secreted from T-MSCs with a function in hematopoiesis, was injected with BMCs. Microstructural impairment in mesenteric and BM arteriole endothelial cells (ECs) were observed after treatment with Bu–Cy-conditioning regimen; however, T-MSC CM or rhPTN treatment restored the defects. These effects by T-MSC CM were disrupted in the presence of an anti-PTN antibody, indicating that PTN is a key mediator of EC restoration and enhanced BM engraftment. In conclusion, T-MSC CM administration enhances BM engraftment, in part by restoring vasculature via PTN production. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of T-MSC CM for increasing HSC transplantation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Sang-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (K.-A.C.); (H.-J.L.); (M.P.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-1666; Fax: +82-2-6986-7000
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16
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Huang X, Guo B, Capitano M, Broxmeyer HE. Past, present, and future efforts to enhance the efficacy of cord blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31723413 PMCID: PMC6823900 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20002.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been used as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in over 35,000 clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) efforts to treat the same variety of malignant and non-malignant disorders treated by bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) using HLA-matched or partially HLA-disparate related or unrelated donor cells for adult and children recipients. This review documents the beginning of this clinical effort that started in the 1980’s, the pros and cons of CB HCT compared to BM and mPB HCT, and recent experimental and clinical efforts to enhance the efficacy of CB HCT. These efforts include means for increasing HSC numbers in single CB collections, expanding functional HSCs
ex vivo, and improving CB HSC homing and engraftment, all with the goal of clinical translation. Concluding remarks highlight the need for phase I/II clinical trials to test the experimental procedures that are described, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5181, USA
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17
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Kale VP. Application of "Primed" Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Status and Future Prospects. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1473-1479. [PMID: 31559908 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has led to their application in various cellular therapies. Since in vivo these cells are present in very low numbers, they need expansion in culture to get clinically relevant numbers; however, such long-term ex vivo manipulation leads to loss of their regenerative capacity. Although use of naïve MSCs is still the most common approach used in various therapies, several strategies, both genetic and pharmacological, are being tried out to boost the regenerative capacity of in vitro expanded MSCs. Such manipulations are very commonly reported for regeneration of various tissues like bone, cartilage, kidney, pancreas, and others. Likewise, several efforts have been made to investigate priming of MSCs to enhance their immunoregulatory activity, but such efforts have not been made to the same extent for enhancing the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Development of such approaches for HSCT would not only be useful for enhancing the transplantation efficacy of cord blood cells, which are fewer in numbers, and aged HSCs, which could be functionally compromised, but also for genetically modified HSCs, which are likely to be both, fewer in number and functionally compromised. This review specifically deals with application of "primed" MSCs in the scenario of HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaijayanti P Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
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18
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Li J, Zhang L, Yin L, Ma N, Wang T, Wu Y, Wang M, Yang X, Xu H, Hao C, Li W, Wei W, Xu Y, Zhang F, Breslin P, Zhang J, Zhang J. In Vitro Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Inhibition of Both GSK3 and p38 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1486-1497. [PMID: 31552804 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for life-threatening hematopoietic diseases. Bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood are the major sources of HSCs, but these resources are limited by a paucity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is the most promising alternative to obtain HSCs for transplantation therapy. However, UCB transplantation therapy is limited by low numbers of HSCs per unit of UCB. In vitro HSC expansion is believed to be the most effective and applicable strategy to address this issue. Here we report that a moderate concentration of GSK3 inhibitor promotes HSC expansion by inducing moderate levels of β-catenin activity in HSCs. However, such a concentration of GSK3 inhibitor also stimulates myeloid cells to produce inflammatory cytokines, which attenuate HSC expansion by inducing p38 activation. Thus, when unpurified HSCs were used in culture, inhibition of p38-induced inflammatory cytokine signaling was required to ensure HSC expansion induced by the low concentration of GSK3 inhibitor. Our study suggests that the combination of a moderate concentration of p38 inhibitor plus a GSK3 inhibitor synergistically promotes the expansion of both murine BM HSCs and human UCB HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Lizhi Yin
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqin Hao
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Derakhshani M, Abbaszadeh H, Movassaghpour AA, Mehdizadeh A, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Yousefi M. Strategies for elevating hematopoietic stem cells expansion and engraftment capacity. Life Sci 2019; 232:116598. [PMID: 31247209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell population in adult bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood possessing self-renewal and differentiation capability into a full spectrum of blood cells. Bone marrow HSC transplantation has been considered as an ideal option for certain disorders treatment including hematologic diseases, leukemia, immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure syndrome, genetic defects such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, autoimmune disease, and certain solid cancers. Ex vivo proliferation of these cells prior to transplantation has been proposed as a potential solution against limited number of stem cells. In such culture process, MSCs have also been shown to exhibit high capacity for secretion of soluble mediators contributing to the principle biological and therapeutic activities of HSCs. In addition, endothelial cells have been introduced to bridge the blood and sub tissues in the bone marrow, as well as, HSCs regeneration induction and survival. Cell culture in the laboratory environment requires cell growth strict control to protect against contamination, symmetrical cell division and optimal conditions for maximum yield. In this regard, microfluidic systems provide culture and analysis capabilities in micro volume scales. Moreover, two-dimensional cultures cannot fully demonstrate extracellular matrix found in different tissues and organs as an abstract representation of three dimensional cell structure. Microfluidic systems can also strongly describe the effects of physical factors such as temperature and pressure on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Derakhshani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi-Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University Technology of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Olson TS. Translating HSC Niche Biology for Clinical Applications. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Ignatz-Hoover JJ, Wang V, Mackowski NM, Roe AJ, Ghansah IK, Ueda M, Lazarus HM, de Lima M, Paietta E, Fernandez H, Cripe L, Tallman M, Wald DN. Aberrant GSK3β nuclear localization promotes AML growth and drug resistance. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2890-2903. [PMID: 30385433 PMCID: PMC6234355 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating disease with poor patient survival. As targetable mutations in AML are rare, novel oncogenic mechanisms are needed to define new therapeutic targets. We identified AML cells that exhibit an aberrant pool of nuclear glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). This nuclear fraction drives AML growth and drug resistance. Nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, GSK3β enhances AML colony formation and AML growth in mouse models. Nuclear GSK3β drives AML partially by promoting nuclear localization of the NF-κB subunit, p65. Finally, nuclear GSK3β localization has clinical significance as it strongly correlates to worse patient survival (n = 86; hazard ratio = 2.2; P < .01) and mediates drug resistance in cell and animal models. Nuclear localization of GSK3β may define a novel oncogenic mechanism in AML and represent a new therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Wang
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN) Biostatistics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Anne J Roe
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Isaac K Ghansah
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Masumi Ueda
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Hugo Fernandez
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Larry Cripe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Martin Tallman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and
| | - David N Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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22
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Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Ebrahimi M. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate by Small Molecule Compounds. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1175-1190. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Ni W, Zeng S, Li W, Chen Y, Zhang S, Tang M, Sun S, Chai R, Li H. Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition promotes mitotic hair cell regeneration in the postnatal mouse cochlea. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66754-66768. [PMID: 27564256 PMCID: PMC5341835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss is the main cause of permanent hearing loss in mammals. Previous studies have reported that in neonatal mice cochleae, Wnt activation promotes supporting cell (SC) proliferation and Notch inhibition promotes the trans-differentiation of SCs into HCs. However, Wnt activation alone fails to regenerate significant amounts of new HCs, Notch inhibition alone regenerates the HCs at the cost of exhausting the SC population, which leads to the death of the newly regenerated HCs. Mitotic HC regeneration might preserve the SC number while regenerating the HCs, which could be a better approach for long-term HC regeneration. We present a two-step gene manipulation, Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition, to accomplish mitotic regeneration of HCs while partially preserving the SC number. We show that Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition strongly promotes the mitotic regeneration of new HCs in both normal and neomycin-damaged cochleae while partially preserving the SC number. Lineage tracing shows that the majority of the mitotically regenerated HCs are derived specifically from the Lgr5+ progenitors with or without HC damage. Our findings suggest that the co-regulation of Wnt and Notch signaling might provide a better approach to mitotically regenerate HCs from Lgr5+ progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ni
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of The National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of The Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Central Laboratory, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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24
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Kumar S, Geiger H. HSC Niche Biology and HSC Expansion Ex Vivo. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:799-819. [PMID: 28801069 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can restore a new functional hematopoietic system in recipients in cases where the system of the recipient is not functional or for example is leukemic. However, the number of available donor HSCs is often too low for successful transplantation. Expansion of HSCs and thus HSC self-renewal ex vivo would greatly improve transplantation therapy in the clinic. In vivo, HSCs expand significantly in the niche, but establishing protocols that result in HSC expansion ex vivo remains challenging. In this review we discuss current knowledge of niche biology, the intrinsic regulators of HSC self-renewal in vivo, and introduce novel niche-informed strategies of HSC expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Aging Research Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Yun KL, Wang ZY. Target/signalling pathways of natural plant-derived radioprotective agents from treatment to potential candidates: A reverse thought on anti-tumour drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:1122-1151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Feng W, Zhou D, Meng W, Li G, Zhuang P, Pan Z, Wang G, Cheng Z. Growth retardation induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J associated with down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:48-55. [PMID: 28065818 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), an oncogenic retrovirus, induces growth retardation and neoplasia in chickens, leading to enormous economic losses in poultry industry. Increasing evidences showed several signal pathways involved in ALV-J infection. However, what signaling pathway involved in growth retardation is largely unknown. To explore the possible signaling pathway, we tested the cell proliferation and associated miRNAs in ALV-J infected CEF cells by CCK-8 and Hiseq, respectively. The results showed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by ALV-J and three associated miRNAs were identified to target Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To verify the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in cell growth retardation, we analyzed the key molecules of Wnt pathway in ALV-J infected CEF cells. Our data demonstrated that protein expression of β-catenin was decreased significantly post ALV-J infection compared with the normal (P < 0.05). The impact of this down-regulation caused low expression of known target genes (Axin2, CyclinD1, Tcf4 and Lef1). Further, to obtain in vivo evidence, we set up an ALV-J infection model. Post 7 weeks infection, ALV-J infected chickens showed significant growth retardation. Subsequent tests showed that the expression of β-catenin, Tcf1, Tcf4, Lef1, Axin2 and CyclinD1 were down-regulated in muscles of growth retardation chickens. Taken together, all data demonstrated that chicken growth retardation caused by ALV-J associated with down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pingping Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | | | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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27
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Feng Z, Cheng H, McGuire TF, Ding Y, Cheng T, Gao Y, Xie XQ. StemCellCKB: An Integrated Stem Cell-Specific Chemogenomics KnowledgeBase for Target Identification and Systems-Pharmacology Research. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:1995-2004. [PMID: 27643925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells are promising sources for use in regenerative medicines as well as in the clinical treatment of certain hematological malignancies and degenerative diseases. Complex networks of cellular signaling pathways largely determine stem cell fate and function. Small molecules that modulate these pathways can provide important biological and pharmacological insights. However, it is still challenging to identify the specific protein targets of these compounds, to explore the changes in stem cell phenotypes induced by compound treatment and to ascertain compound mechanisms of action. To facilitate stem cell related small molecule study and provide a better understanding of the associated signaling pathways, we have constructed a comprehensive domain-specific chemogenomics resource, called StemCellCKB ( http://www.cbligand.org/StemCellCKB/ ). This new cloud-computing platform describes the chemical molecules, genes, proteins, and signaling pathways implicated in stem cell regulation. StemCellCKB is also implemented with web applications designed specifically to aid in the identification of stem cell relevant protein targets, including TargetHunter, a machine-learning algorithm for predicting small molecule targets based on molecular fingerprints, and HTDocking, a high-throughput docking module for target prediction and systems-pharmacology analyses. We have systematically tested StemCellCKB to verify data integrity. Target-prediction accuracy has also been validated against the reported known target/compound associations. This proof-of-concept example demonstrates that StemCellCKB can (1) accurately predict the macromolecular targets of existing stem cell modulators and (2) identify novel small molecules capable of probing stem cell signaling mechanisms, for use in systems-pharmacology studies. StemCellCKB facilitates the exploration and exchange of stem cell chemogenomics data among members of the broader research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Terence Francis McGuire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yahui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Yingdai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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28
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Li J, Zhang J, Tang M, Xin J, Xu Y, Volk A, Hao C, Hu C, Sun J, Wei W, Cao Q, Breslin P, Zhang J. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Activity Is Regulated by Pten Phosphorylation Through a Niche-Dependent Mechanism. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2130-44. [PMID: 27096933 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphorylated form of Pten (p-Pten) is highly expressed in >70% of acute myeloid leukemia samples. However, the role of p-Pten in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis has not been studied. We found that Pten protein levels are comparable among long-term (LT) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term (ST) HSCs, and multipotent progenitors (MPPs); however, the levels of p-Pten are elevated during the HSC-to-MPP transition. To study whether p-Pten is involved in regulating self-renewal and differentiation in HSCs, we compared the effects of overexpression of p-Pten and nonphosphorylated Pten (non-p-Pten) on the hematopoietic reconstitutive capacity (HRC) of HSCs. We found that overexpression of non-p-Pten enhances the LT-HRC of HSCs, whereas overexpression of p-Pten promotes myeloid differentiation and compromises the LT-HRC of HSCs. Such phosphorylation-regulated Pten functioning is mediated by repressing the cell:cell contact-induced activation of Fak/p38 signaling independent of Pten's lipid phosphatase activity because both p-Pten and non-p-Pten have comparable activity in repressing PI3K/Akt signaling. Our studies suggest that, in addition to repressing PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling, non-p-Pten maintains HSCs in bone marrow niches via a cell-contact inhibitory mechanism by inhibiting Fak/p38 signaling-mediated proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, p-Pten promotes the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs by enhancing the cell contact-dependent activation of Src/Fak/p38 signaling. Stem Cells 2016;34:2130-2144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minghui Tang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junping Xin
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Volk
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caiqin Hao
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewen Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Quichan Cao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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29
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Barriers to Effective Genome Editing of Haematopoietic Stem Cells. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Novel chemical attempts at ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:519-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Xie J, Zhang C. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:839-53. [PMID: 26246379 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) would benefit clinical applications in several aspects, to improve patient survival, utilize cord blood stem cells for adult applications, and selectively propagate stem cell populations after genetic manipulation. In this review we summarize and discuss recent advances in the culture systems of mouse and human HSCs, which include stroma/HSC co-culture, continuous perfusion and fed-batch cultures, and those supplemented with extrinsic ligands, membrane transportable transcription factors, complement components, protein modification enzymes, metabolites, or small molecule chemicals. Some of the expansion systems have been tested in clinical trials. The optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of the primitive and functional human HSCs is still under development. An improved understanding of the mechanisms for HSC cell fate determination and the HSC culture characteristics will guide development of new strategies to overcome difficulties. In the future, development of a combination treatment regimen with agents that enhance self-renewal, block differentiation, and improve homing will be critical. Methods to enhance yields and lower cost during collection and processing should be employed. The employment of an efficient system for ex vivo expansion of HSCs will facilitate the further development of novel strategies for cell and gene therapies including genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Xie
- Taishan Scholar Immunology Program, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ChengCheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
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32
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Ashihara E, Takada T, Maekawa T. Targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematological malignancies. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:665-671. [PMID: 25788321 PMCID: PMC4471797 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in different developmental processes through the regulation of stem cell functions. In the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin protein is imported into the nucleus and activates transcription of target genes including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to carcinogenesis and malignant behaviors, and Wnt signaling is essential for the maintenance of cancer stem cells. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been investigated extensively as a target in cancer treatment and several specific inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been identified through high-throughput screening. In this review, the significance of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematological carcinogenesis and screening methods for specific inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Ashihara
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takada
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Wielgosz MM, Kim YS, Carney GG, Zhan J, Reddivari M, Coop T, Heath RJ, Brown SA, Nienhuis AW. Generation of a lentiviral vector producer cell clone for human Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:14063. [PMID: 26052531 PMCID: PMC4449020 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a producer cell line that generates lentiviral vector particles of high titer. The vector encodes the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein. An insulator element has been added to the long terminal repeats of the integrated vector to limit proto-oncogene activation. The vector provides high-level, stable expression of WAS protein in transduced murine and human hematopoietic cells. We have also developed a monoclonal antibody specific for intracellular WAS protein. This antibody has been used to monitor expression in blood and bone marrow cells after transfer into lineage negative bone marrow cells from WAS mice and in a WAS negative human B-cell line. Persistent expression of the transgene has been observed in transduced murine cells 12–20 weeks following transplantation. The producer cell line and the specific monoclonal antibody will facilitate the development of a clinical protocol for gene transfer into WAS protein deficient stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Wielgosz
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yoon-Sang Kim
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gael G Carney
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Zhan
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muralidhar Reddivari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Terry Coop
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J Heath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Immunology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arthur W Nienhuis
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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34
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Shen S, Xu N, Klamer G, Ko KH, Khoo M, Ma D, Moore J, O'Brien TA, Dolnikov A. Small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β 6-Bromoindirubin-3-oxime inhibits hematopoietic regeneration in stem cell recipient mice. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 24:724-36. [PMID: 25329250 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) have demonstrated strong anti-leukemia effects in preclinical studies. Here, we investigated the effect of GSK3β inhibitor 6-Bromoindirubin-3-oxime (BIO) previously shown to inhibit leukemia cell growth in vitro and of animal models on hematopoietic regeneration in recipients of stem cell transplant. BIO administered to immunocompromised mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells inhibited human stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood. BIO reduced CD34(+) progenitor cells in the BM, and primitive lymphoid progenitors re-populated host thymus at later stages post-transplant. The development of all T-cell subsets in the thymus was suppressed in BIO-treated mice. Human cell engraftment was gradually restored after discontinuation of BIO treatment; however, T-cell depletion remained until the end of experiment, which correlated with the attenuated thymic function in the host. BIO delayed CD34(+) cell expansion in stroma-supported or cytokine-only cultures. BIO treatment delayed progenitor cell divisions and induced apoptosis in cultures with sub-optimal cytokine support. In addition, BIO inhibited B- and T-cell development in co-cultures with MS5 and OP9-DL1 BM stroma cells, respectively. These data suggest that administration of GKS3β inhibitors may act to delay hematopoietic regeneration in patients who received stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Shen
- 1 Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
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35
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Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a unique cell positioned highest in the hematopoietic hierarchical system. The HSC has the ability to stay in quiescence, to self-renew, or to differentiate and generate all lineages of blood cells. The path to be actualized is influenced by signals that derive from the cell's microenvironment, which activate molecular pathways inside the cell. Signaling pathways are commonly organized through inducible protein-protein interactions, mediated by adaptor proteins that link activated receptors to cytoplasmic effectors. This review will focus on the signaling molecules and how they work in concert to determine the HSC's fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Louria-Hayon
- Department of Hematology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel ; Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
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36
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Getting more for your marrow: boosting hematopoietic stem cell numbers with PGE2. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:220-6. [PMID: 25094063 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the lifetime of an individual, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew and differentiate into lineages that include erythrocytes, platelets and all immune cells. HSC transplantation offers a potentially curative treatment for a number of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies as well as immune and genetic disorders. Limited availability of immune-matched donors reduces the viable options for many patients in need of HSC transplantation, particularly those of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Due to rapid availability and less stringent immune-matching requirements, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has emerged as a valuable source of transplantable HSCs. A single UCB unit contains a suboptimal number of HSCs for treating larger children or adults and there has thus been great clinical interest in expanding UCB HSCs ex vivo for use in transplantation. In this review we discuss the latest research and future avenues for the therapeutic use of small lipid mediator dmPGE2 to expand HSC numbers for transplantation. Originally identified in a chemical screen in zebrafish, dmPGE2 has now advanced to a phase II clinical trial as a therapy for patients with leukemia and lymphoma who are undergoing UCB transplantation.
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37
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Lee CL, Lento WE, Castle KD, Chao NJ, Kirsch DG. Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 mitigates the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in mice. Radiat Res 2014; 181:445-51. [PMID: 24720754 DOI: 10.1667/rr13692.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a nuclear accident or radiological attack can cause death from acute radiation syndrome (ARS), which results from radiation injury to vital organs such as the hematopoietic system. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any medical countermeasures for this specific purpose. With growing concern over nuclear terrorism, there is an urgent need to develop small molecule deliverables that mitigate mortality from ARS. One emerging modulator of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) activity is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). The inhibition of GSK-3 has been shown to augment hematopoietic repopulation in mouse models of bone marrow transplantation. In this study, we performed an in vitro screen using irradiated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) to test the effects of four GSK-3 inhibitors: CHIR99021; 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO); SB415286; and SB216763. This screen showed that SB216763 significantly increased the frequency of c-Kit(+) Lin(-) Sca1(+) (KLS) cells and hematopoietic colony-forming cells in irradiated BM-MNCs. Importantly, administration of a single dose of SB216763 to C57BL/6J mice by subcutaneous injection 24 h after total-body irradiation significantly improved hematopoietic recovery and mitigated hematopoietic ARS. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 is an effective medical countermeasure against acute radiation injury of the hematopoietic system.
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38
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Dolnikov A, Xu N, Shen S, Song E, Holmes T, Klamer G, O'Brien TA. GSK-3β inhibition promotes early engraftment of ex vivo-expanded haematopoietic stem cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:113-23. [PMID: 24517125 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a source of stem cells used for allogeneic transplantation, in addition to bone marrow and peripheral blood. Limited numbers of stem cells in a single UCB unit is associated with slow haematopoietic recovery and high risk of graft failure, particularly in adult patients. UCB stem cells can be expanded ex vivo; however, rapid differentiation reduces their regenerative potential. We have recently shown that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is down-regulated in ex vivo-expanded stem cells; therefore, we propose that re-activation of Wnt signalling using GSK-3β inhibition may act to improve regenerative potential of these ex vivo-expanded stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunocompromised mice were employed in transplantation studies to determine stem-cell engraftment. Flow cytometry was used to phenotype the engrafted human cells. Retroviral gene transfer was used to examine the role of Myc gene up-regulated by GSK-3β inhibition, in ex vivo-expanded stem cells. RESULTS Treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO) improved early human cell engraftment in the mice and elevated the numbers of myeloid progenitor cells in cytokine-stimulated culture. BIO up-regulated β-catenin and c-myc in ex vivo-expanded stem cells. Ectopic expression of Myc acted to increase clonogenic potential and to delay differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting the potential mechanism to improve regenerative potential of ex vivo-expanded grafts. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β provided a novel approach to improve early engraftment of ex vivo-expanded haematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dolnikov
- Sydney Cord & Marrow Transplant Laboratory, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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Nakajima-Takagi Y, Osawa M, Iwama A. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:111-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
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40
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are both necessary and sufficient to sustain the complete blood system of vertebrates. Here we show that Nfix, a member of the nuclear factor I (Nfi) family of transcription factors, is highly expressed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of murine adult bone marrow. Although short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Nfix expression in Lineage(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) HSPCs had no effect on in vitro cell growth or viability, Nfix-depleted HSPCs displayed a significant loss of colony-forming potential, as well as short- and long-term in vivo hematopoietic repopulating activity. Analysis of recipient mice at 4 to 20 days posttransplant revealed that Nfix-depleted HSPCs are established in the bone marrow, but fail to persist due to increased apoptotic cell death. Gene expression profiling of Nfix-depleted HSPCs reveals that loss of Nfix expression in HSPCs is concomitant with a decrease in the expression of multiple genes known to be important for HSPCs survival, such as Erg, Mecom, and Mpl. These data reveal that Nfix is a novel regulator of HSPCs survival posttransplantation and establish a role for Nfi genes in the regulation of this cellular compartment.
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Shen S, Klamer G, Xu N, O'Brien TA, Dolnikov A. GSK-3β inhibition preserves naive T cell phenotype in bone marrow reconstituted mice. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:1016-27.e1. [PMID: 24018603 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in the treatment of hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. PostHSCT immunologic reconstitution is a critical component for successful outcome. Pretransplant conditioning impairs thymic function, leading to delayed T cell regeneration. Thymus-independent T cell expansion is associated with defective generation of naive T cells and memory T cell skewing, resulting in decreased diversity in the T cell repertoire, thus attenuating the immune responses and increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and leukemia relapse. Wingless (Wnt) signaling has been identified as an important regulator of T cell development and function. Activated Wnt signaling inhibited differentiation of mature T cells in transgenic mouse models. The effect of Wnt activation on T cell regeneration following HSCT was not investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the GSK-3β inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO) activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, elevates the proportion of naive T cells, and delays T cell differentiation during homeostatic T cell expansion in lymphodepleted mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro BIO-treatment promoted naive T cell expansion following mitogenic stimulation and improved proliferative responses of T cells to allogeneic stimuli. Treatment with BIO acts to expand the IL7Rα(+) subset of naive T cells, suggesting the potential mechanism driving T cell expansion during IL-7-dependent T cell proliferation. BIO downregulated expression of genes activated during effector cell differentiation and preserved naive T cell gene expression. We propose that administration of GSK-3β inhibitor increases the potency of T cells in recipients of HSCT by expansion of naive T cell subsets with a diverse T cell receptor repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Shen
- Sydney Cord and Marrow Transplant Facility, Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Soltanpour MS, Amirizadeh N, Zaker F, Oodi A, Nikougoftar M, Kazemi A. mRNA expression and promoter DNA methylation status of CDKi p21 and p57 genes inex vivoexpanded CD34+cells following co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells and growth factors. Hematology 2013; 18:30-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Amirizadeh
- High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zaker
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Oodi
- High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar
- High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Blood Transfusion Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Plotnikov EY, Pulkova NV, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Silachev DN, Morosanova MA, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Inflammatory pre-conditioning of mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells improves their immunomodulatory potency in acute pyelonephritis in rats. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:679-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lapid K, Itkin T, D'Uva G, Ovadya Y, Ludin A, Caglio G, Kalinkovich A, Golan K, Porat Z, Zollo M, Lapidot T. GSK3β regulates physiological migration of stem/progenitor cells via cytoskeletal rearrangement. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1705-17. [PMID: 23478410 DOI: 10.1172/jci64149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) steady-state egress from the bone marrow (BM) to the circulation is poorly understood. While glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is known to participate in HSPC proliferation, we revealed an unexpected role in the preferential regulation of CXCL12-induced migration and steady-state egress of murine HSPCs, including long-term repopulating HSCs, over mature leukocytes. HSPC egress, regulated by circadian rhythms of CXCL12 and CXCR4 levels, correlated with dynamic expression of GSK3β in the BM. Nevertheless, GSK3β signaling was CXCL12/CXCR4 independent, suggesting that synchronization of both pathways is required for HSPC motility. Chemotaxis of HSPCs expressing higher levels of GSK3β compared with mature cells was selectively enhanced by stem cell factor-induced activation of GSK3β. Moreover, HSPC motility was regulated by norepinephrine and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which increased or reduced, respectively, GSK3β expression in BM HSPCs and their subsequent egress. Mechanistically, GSK3β signaling promoted preferential HSPC migration by regulating actin rearrangement and microtubuli turnover, including CXCL12-induced actin polarization and polymerization. Our study identifies a previously unknown role for GSK3β in physiological HSPC motility, dictating an active, rather than a passive, nature for homeostatic egress from the BM reservoir to the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Lapid
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Lento W, Congdon K, Voermans C, Kritzik M, Reya T. Wnt signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008011. [PMID: 23378582 PMCID: PMC3552513 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most remarkable characteristics of stem cells is their ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal while concomitantly generating differentiated cells. In the hematopoietic system, stem cells balance these mechanisms to maintain steady-state hematopoiesis for the lifetime of the organism, and to effectively regenerate the system following injury. Defects in the proper control of self-renewal and differentiation can be potentially devastating and contribute to the development of malignancies. In this review, we trace the emerging role of Wnt signaling as a critical regulator of distinct aspects of self-renewal and differentiation, its contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration, and how the pathway can be hijacked to promote leukemia development. A better understanding of these processes could pave the way to enhancing recovery after injury and to developing better therapeutic approaches for hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lento
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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46
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Cutler C, Ballen KK. Improving outcomes in umbilical cord blood transplantation: State of the art. Blood Rev 2012; 26:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Walasek MA, van Os R, de Haan G. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion: challenges and opportunities. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1266:138-50. [PMID: 22901265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to improve hematopoietic reconstitution and engraftment potential of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have been largely unsuccessful due to the inability to generate sufficient stem cell numbers and to excessive differentiation of the starting cell population. Although hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will rapidly expand after in vivo transplantation, experience from in vitro studies indicates that control of HSPC self-renewal and differentiation in culture remains difficult. Protocols that are based on hematopoietic cytokines have failed to support reliable amplification of immature stem cells in culture, suggesting that additional factors are required. In recent years, several novel factors, including developmental factors and chemical compounds, have been reported to affect HSC self-renewal and improve ex vivo stem cell expansion protocols. Here, we highlight early expansion attempts and review recent development in the extrinsic control of HSPC fate in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Walasek
- Department of Biology of Aging, Section Stem Cell Biology, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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48
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Klamer G, Shen S, Song E, Rice AM, Knight R, Lindeman R, O'Brien TA, Dolnikov A. GSK3 inhibition prevents lethal GVHD in mice. Exp Hematol 2012; 41:39-55.e10. [PMID: 22999867 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major contributor to transplant-related mortality and morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Despite advancements in tissue-typing techniques, conditioning regimens, and therapeutic intervention, the incidence rate of GVHD remains high. GVHD is caused by alloreactive donor T cells that infiltrate and destroy host tissues (e.g., skin, liver, and gut). Therefore, GVHD is prevented and treated with therapeutics that suppress proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell function (e.g., cyclosporine, glucocorticoids). Here we report that the small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3, 6-bromoindirubin 3'-oxime (BIO), prevents lethal GVHD in a humanized xenograft model in mice. BIO treatment did not affect donor T-cell engraftment, but suppressed their activation and attenuated bone marrow and liver destruction mediated by activated donor T cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition modulated the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in vitro and suppressed activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, human T cells derived from BIO-treated mice were able to mediate anti-tumor effects in vitro, and BIO did not affect stem cell engraftment and multilineage reconstitution in a mouse model of transplantation. These data demonstrate that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 can potentially abrogate GVHD without compromising the efficacy of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Klamer
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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49
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Hematopoietic stem cell development, niches, and signaling pathways. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2012; 2012:270425. [PMID: 22900188 PMCID: PMC3413998 DOI: 10.1155/2012/270425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a key role in hematopoietic system that functions mainly in homeostasis and immune response. HSCs transplantation has been applied for the treatment of several diseases. However, HSCs persist in the small quantity within the body, mostly in the quiescent state. Understanding the basic knowledge of HSCs is useful for stem cell biology research and therapeutic medicine development. Thus, this paper emphasizes on HSC origin, source, development, the niche, and signaling pathways which support HSC maintenance and balance between self-renewal and proliferation which will be useful for the advancement of HSC expansion and transplantation in the future.
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50
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Gao H, Wu X, Sun Y, Zhou S, Silberstein LE, Zhu Z. Suppression of homeobox transcription factor VentX promotes expansion of human hematopoietic stem/multipotent progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29979-87. [PMID: 22791709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.383018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate proliferation and expansion of human hematopoietic stem/multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs) are targets of intensive investigations. Several cell intrinsic factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of human HSC/MPPs. Nevertheless, expansion of human HSC/MPPs for clinical application remains a critical challenge. VentX is a human homeobox transcription factor that was recently identified as an anti-proliferation and pro-differentiation factor in human hematopoietic cells. Here, we report that VentX expression is up-regulated during ontogenesis of human hematopoietic cells. Strikingly, suppression of VentX expression led to significant expansion of HSC/MPPs ex vivo and a 20-fold increase in engraftment potential in the NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ2(null) mouse model. VentX suppression helped preserve the HSC/MPP pools and promote clonogenicity of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mechanistically, we show that VentX regulates critical cell cycle regulators and Wnt downstream genes previously implicated in HSC/MPP proliferation and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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