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Lin X, Yuan G, Yang B, Xie C, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wu Z, Akimoto Y, Li N, Xu R, Song F. Dauricine attenuates ovariectomized-induced bone loss and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting ROS-mediated NF-κB and NFATc1 activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155559. [PMID: 38579642 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclast plays an important role in maintaining the balance between bone anabolism and bone catabolism. The abnormality of osteoclast is closely related to osteolytic bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and tumor bone metastasis. PURPOSE We aim to search for natural compound that may suppress osteoclast formation and function. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we assessed the impact of Dauricine (Dau) on the formation and function of osteoclasts in vitro, as well as its potential in preventing bone loss in an ovariectomy mouse model in vivo. METHODS Multiple in vitro experiments were carried out, including osteoclastogenesis, podosomal belt formation, bone resorption assay, RNA-sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, ROS level detection, surface plasmon resonance assay, luciferase assay and western blot. To verify the effect in vivo, an ovariectomized mouse model (OVX model) was constructed, and bone parameters were measured using micro-CT and histology. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis was performed on blood serum samples from the OVX model. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated that Dau inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, podosomal belt formation, and bone resorption function. RNA-sequencing results revealed that Dau significantly suppresses genes related to osteoclast. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that Dau's inhibition of osteoclasts may be associated with NF-κB signaling pathway and reactive oxygen metabolism pathway. Molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance assay and western blot analysis further confirmed that Dau inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by modulating the ROS/NF-κB/NFATc1 pathway. Moreover, administration of Dau to OVX-induced mice validated its efficacy in treating bone loss disease. CONCLUSION Dau prevents OVX-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity and bone resorption, potentially offering a new approach for preventing and treating metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This study provides innovative insights into the inhibitory effects of Dau in an in vivo OVX model and elucidates the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515044, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Chunlan Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515044, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zuoxing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | | | - Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Ren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Fangming Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China; Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Jaiklaew S, Tansriratanawong K. Influence of Hypoxic Condition on Cytotoxicity, Cellular Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Aged Periodontal Ligament Cells. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759996 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate and compare the influence of hypoxic conditions on cytotoxicity, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation of aged periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated human PDL cells from aged and young subjects were cultured under hypoxic conditions, which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µM). To assess cytotoxicity, lactate dehydrogenase release was determined by the optical density at 490 nm, and the percentage of cell death was calculated. An in vitro wound healing assay was performed over 24 to 48 hours for cellular migration determination. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by alizarin red staining and osteogenic gene expression, including the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN). RESULTS There was a significant difference in the percentage of cell death with high hypoxic condition (200 and 500 µM) compared to low hypoxic conditions on both day 1 and 2. The highest cellular migration was depicted at 50 µM in both young and aged groups of the in vitro wound healing assay. Osteogenic gene expression of RUNX2 in the aged group was increased at 25 and 50 µM hypoxic condition at day 7, but the expression was gradually decreased after 14 days. On the contrary, the expression of ALP and OPN in the aged group was increased at day 14. Only OPN had been found to be statistically significantly different when compared with gene expression at day 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). The results showed no statistically significant differences when compared with the young and aged groups in all genes and all concentrations. CONCLUSION The concentration of low hypoxic condition (25-50 µM) was proposed to promote cell viability, cellular migration, and osteogenic differentiation in aged PDL cells. We suggested that the potential of aged PDL cells for use in cell therapy for periodontal regeneration might possibly be similar to that of young PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Jaiklaew
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kallapat Tansriratanawong
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Maraldi T, Angeloni C, Prata C, Hrelia S. NADPH Oxidases: Redox Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:973. [PMID: 34204425 PMCID: PMC8234808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within stem cells is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (NOXs), which are critical determinants of the redox state beside antioxidant defense mechanisms. This balance is involved in another one that regulates stem cell fate: indeed, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are decisive steps for stem cells during embryo development, adult tissue renovation, and cell therapy application. Ex vivo culture-expanded stem cells are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but events such as aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo proliferation, which is crucial for their clinical applications. Here, we review the role of NOX-derived ROS in stem cell biology and functions, focusing on positive and negative effects triggered by the activity of different NOX isoforms. We report recent findings on downstream molecular targets of NOX-ROS signaling that can modulate stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment and discuss the implications in ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity. This review highlights the role of NOX as a pivotal regulator of several stem cell populations, and we conclude that these aspects have important implications in the clinical utility of stem cells, but further studies on the effects of pharmacological modulation of NOX in human stem cells are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
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Sun W, Li M, Xie L, Mai Z, Zhang Y, Luo L, Yan Z, Li Z, Dong H, Huang F, Shen Z, Jiang Z. Exploring the Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma to Improve Large Bone Defects by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:603734. [PMID: 34149403 PMCID: PMC8210422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.603734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) has been demonstrated to be effective in promoting fracture healing in clinical use. In the study, we tried to predicate potential signaling pathways and active ingredients of DR via network pharmacology, uncover its regulation mechanism to improve large bone defects by in vivo and in vitro experiment. We total discovered 18 potential active ingredients such as flavonoids and 81 corresponding targets, in which mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has the highest correlation with bone defects in pathway and functional enrichment analysis. Therefore, we hypothesized that flavonoids in DR improve large bone defects by activating MAPK signaling pathway. Animal experiments were carried out and all rats randomly divided into TFDR low, medium, and high dosage group, model group and control group. 12 weeks after treatment, according to X-ray and Micro-CT, TFDR medium dosage group significantly promote new bone mineralization compared with other groups. The results of HE and Masson staining and in vitro ALP level of BMSC also demonstrated the formation of bone matrix and mineralization in the TFDR groups. Also, angiographic imaging suggested that flavonoids in DR promoting angiogenesis in the defect area. Consistently, TFDR significantly enhanced the expression of BMP-2, RUNX-2, VEGF, HIF-1 in large bone defect rats based on ELISA and Real-Time PCR. Overall, we not only discover the active ingredients of DR in this study, but also explained how flavonoids in DR regulating MAPK signaling pathway to improve large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minying Li
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhexing Mai
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lieliang Luo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zige Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wedzinska A, Figiel-Dabrowska A, Kozlowska H, Sarnowska A. The Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on the Proliferation, Migration and Secretory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (WJ-MSCs) under 5% O 2 and 21% O 2 Culture Conditions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1813. [PMID: 33919308 PMCID: PMC8122617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in clinical trials is becoming one of the most-popular and fast-developing branches of modern regenerative medicine, as it is still in an experimental phase. The cross-section of diseases to which these cells are applied is very wide, ranging from degenerative diseases, through autoimmune processes and to acute inflammatory diseases, e.g., viral infections. Indeed, now that first clinical trials applying MSCs against COVID-19 have started, important questions concern not only the therapeutic properties of MSCs, but also the changes that might occur in the cell features as a response to the "cytokine storm" present in the acute phase of an infection and capable of posing a risk to a patient. The aim of our study was thus to assess changes potentially occurring in the biology of MSCs in the active inflammatory environment, e.g., in regards to the cell cycle, cell migration and secretory capacity. The study using MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) was conducted under two aerobic conditions: 21% O2 vs. 5% O2, since oxygen concentration is one of the key factors in inflammation. Under both oxygen conditions cells were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines involved significantly in acute inflammation, i.e., IFNγ, TNFα and IL-1β at different concentrations. Regardless of the aerobic conditions, WJ-MSCs in the inflammatory environment do not lose features typical for mesenchymal cells, and their proliferation dynamic remains unchanged. Sudden fluctuations in proliferation, the early indicator of potential genetic disturbance, were not observed, while the cells' migration activity increased. The presence of pro-inflammatory factors was also found to increase the secretion of such anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4 and IL-10. It is concluded that the inflammatory milieu in vitro does not cause phenotype changes or give rise to proliferation disruption of WJ-MSCs, and nor does it inhibit the secretory properties providing for their use against acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wedzinska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Anna Figiel-Dabrowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Hanna Kozlowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Dingle M, Fernicola SD, de Vasconcellos JF, Zicari S, Daniels C, Dunn JC, Dimtchev A, Nesti LJ. Characterization of traumatized muscle-derived multipotent progenitor cells from low-energy trauma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 33407850 PMCID: PMC7788846 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent progenitor cells have been harvested from different human tissues, including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. Previously, we identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) isolated from the traumatized muscle of patients undergoing reconstructive surgery following a war-related blast injury. These cells demonstrated the ability to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. While distal radius fractures from a civilian setting have a much lower injury mechanism (low-energy trauma), we hypothesized that debrided traumatized muscle near the fracture site would contain multipotent progenitor cells with the ability to differentiate and regenerate the injured tissue. Methods The traumatized muscle was debrided from the pronator quadratus in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation for a distal radius fracture at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Using a previously described protocol for the isolation of MPCs from war-related extremity injuries, cells were harvested from the low-energy traumatized muscle samples and expanded in culture. Isolated cells were characterized by flow cytometry and q-RT-PCRs and induced to adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Downstream analyses consisted of lineage-specific staining and q-RT-PCR. Results Cells isolated from low-energy traumatized muscle samples were CD73+, CD90+, and CD105+ that are the characteristic of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. These cells expressed high levels of the stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG 1-day after isolation, which was dramatically reduced over-time in monolayer culture. Following induction, lineage-specific markers were demonstrated by each specific staining and confirmed by gene expression analysis, demonstrating the ability of these cells to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Conclusions Adult multipotent progenitor cells are an essential component for the success of regenerative medicine efforts. While MPCs have been isolated and characterized from severely traumatized muscle from high-energy injuries, here, we report that cells with similar characteristics and multipotential capacity have been isolated from the tissue that was exposed to low-energy, community trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Dingle
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Stephen D Fernicola
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Jaira F de Vasconcellos
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Christopher Daniels
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - John C Dunn
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX, 79920, USA
| | - Alexander Dimtchev
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
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Liu D, Cheng F, Pan S, Liu Z. Stem cells: a potential treatment option for kidney diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32586408 PMCID: PMC7318741 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney diseases is emerging as a public health problem. Stem cells (SCs), currently considered as a promising tool for therapeutic application, have aroused considerable interest and expectations. With self-renewal capabilities and great potential for proliferation and differentiation, stem cell therapy opens new avenues for the development of renal function and structural repair in kidney diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that stem cells exert a therapeutic effect mainly by replacing damaged tissues and paracrine pathways. The benefits of various types of SCs in acute kidney disease and chronic kidney disease have been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and preliminary results of clinical trials present its safety and tolerability. This review will focus on the stem cell-based therapy approaches for the treatment of kidney diseases, including various cell sources used, possible mechanisms involved, and outcomes that are generated so far, along with prospects and challenges in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Medical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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Alijani N, Johari B, Moradi M, Kadivar M. A review on transcriptional regulation responses to hypoxia in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:14-26. [PMID: 31393053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are known for having therapeutic applications, reside in stem cell niches where the oxygen concentration is low. At the molecular level, the master regulator of the cellular reaction to hypoxia is hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF). The transcriptional response of a cell to hypoxia is affected by two major components; first, the structure of hypoxia-response elements (HREs), which primarily define how much of the HIF signal is integrated into the transcriptional output of individual genes. Second, the availability of other transcriptional factors cooperating with HIF in the context of HRE. In MSCs, the expression of a single gene by hypoxia depends on elements such as factors influencing the HIF activity, metabolic pathways, the real oxygen concentration in the cellular microenvironment, and duration of culture. In addition, specific growth factors and pro-infection cytokines, hormones, oncogenic signaling, as well as ultrasound are potent regulators of HIF in MSCs. Altogether, the response of MSCs to hypoxia is complex and mediated by several genes and molecular agents. Regarding the influence of hypoxia on MSCs, oxygen concentration must be taken into consideration based on the cell type and the aim of culture before a particular MSCs culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Alijani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Oncostatin M, A Profibrogenic Mediator Overexpressed in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Stimulates Migration of Hepatic Myofibroblasts. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010028. [PMID: 31861914 PMCID: PMC7017087 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic myofibroblasts (MFs) can originate from hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and can migrate towards the site of injury by aligning with nascent and established fibrotic septa in response to several mediators. Oncostatin M (OSM) is known to orchestrate hypoxia-modulated hepatic processes involving the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to analyze the expression of OSM and OSM-receptor (OSMR) in three murine models of non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and -steatohepatitis (NASH) and in human NASH patients as well as the action of OSM on phenotypic responses of human MFs. RESULTS Hepatic OSM and OSMR levels were overexpressed in three murine NASH models and in NASH patients. OSM stimulates migration in human MFs by involving early intracellular ROS generation and activation of Ras/Erk, JNK1/2, PI3K/Akt as well as STAT1/STAT3 pathways and HIF-1α. OSM-dependent migration relies on a biphasic mechanism requiring early intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and late HIF1-dependent expression and release of VEGF. CONCLUSION OSM is overexpressed in experimental and human progressive NAFLD and can act as a profibrogenic factor by directly stimulating migration of hepatic MFs.
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Obradovic H, Krstic J, Trivanovic D, Mojsilovic S, Okic I, Kukolj T, Ilic V, Jaukovic A, Terzic M, Bugarski D. Improving stemness and functional features of mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly of a human umbilical cord by mimicking the native, low oxygen stem cell niche. Placenta 2019; 82:25-34. [PMID: 31174623 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's Jelly of a human umbilical cord (WJ-MSCs) are a potential tool in regenerative medicine based on their availability, proliferative potential and differentiation capacity. Since their physiological niche contains low oxygen levels, we investigated whether cultivation of WJ-MSCs at 3% O2 affects their main features. METHODS WJ-MSCs were cultured under 21% and 3% O2. Proliferation rate was followed by short and long term proliferation assays, clonogenic capacity by CFU-F assay and cell cycle and death by flow cytometry. Differentiation capacity was investigated by histochemical staining after induced differentiation. Pluripotency and differentiation markers' expression was determined by RT-PCR. Migration capacity was followed by scratch assay and mobilization from collagen, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes by zymography. Specific inhibitors of MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were used to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Compared to standard 21% O2, cultivation of WJ-MSCs at 3% O2 did not influence their immunophenotype, while it modulated their differentiation process and enhanced their clonogenic and expansion capacity. 3% O2 induced transient change in cell cycle and prevented cell death. The expression of NANOG, OCT4A, OCT4B and SOX2 was increased at 3% O2. Both cultivation and preculturing of WJ-MSCs at 3% O2 increased their in vitro migratory capacity and enhanced the activity of proteolytic enzymes. ERK1/2 mediated WJ-MSCs' mobilization from collagen regardless of oxygen levels, while Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated during migration and mobilization at standard conditions. CONCLUSION Culturing of WJ-MSCs under 3% O2 should be considered a credible condition when investigating their properties and potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Obradovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Drenka Trivanovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Mojsilovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Okic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Ilic
- Laboratory for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, PO BOX 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Jaukovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Terzic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Efficacy Evaluation and Tracking of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9105768. [PMID: 31016203 PMCID: PMC6446097 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) and dynamically monitor engrafted BMSCs in vivo for the early prediction of their therapeutic effects in a rat model. Methods A rat model of RIRI was prepared by clamping the left renal artery for 45 min. One week after renal artery clamping, 2 × 106 superparamagnetic iron oxide- (SPIO-) labeled BMSCs were injected into the renal artery. Next, MR imaging of the kidneys was performed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after cell transplantation. On day 21, after transplantation, serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were assessed, and HE staining and TUNEL assay were also performed. Results The body weight growth rates in the SPIO-BMSC group were significantly higher than those in the PBS group (P < 0.05), and the Scr and BUN levels were also significantly lower than those in the PBS group (P < 0.05). HE staining showed that the degree of degeneration and vacuole-like changes in the renal tubular epithelial cells in the SPIO-BMSC group was significantly better than that observed in the PBS group. The TUNEL assay showed that the number of apoptotic renal tubular epithelial cells in the SPIO-BMSC group was significantly lower than that in the PBS group. The T2 value of the renal lesion was the highest on day 1 after cell transplantation, and it gradually decreased with time in both the PBS and SPIO-BMSC groups but was always the lowest in the SPIO-BMSC group. Conclusion SPIO-labeled BMSC transplantation can significantly promote the recovery of RIRI and noninvasive dynamic monitoring of engrafted cells and can also be performed simultaneously with MRI in vivo for the early prediction of therapeutic effects.
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Zhang B, Kasoju N, Li Q, Soliman E, Yang A, Cui Z, Ma J, Wang H, Ye H. Culture surfaces induce hypoxia-regulated genes in human mesenchymal stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 14:035012. [PMID: 30849767 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Culturing human Mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in vitro in hypoxic conditions resulted in reduced senescence, enhanced pluripotency and altered proliferation rate. It has been known that in vitro hypoxia affects expression of cell surface proteins. However, the impact of culture surfaces on the hypoxia-regulated genes (HRG) have not yet been reported. This study utilized Next-Generation sequencing to analyse the changes in the gene expression levels of HRG for hMSCs cultured on different culture surfaces. The samples, which were cultured on four different synthesized surfaces (treatments) and tissue culture plate (control), resulted in a difference in growth rate. The sequencing results revealed that the transcription of a number of key genes involved in regulating hypoxic functions were significantly altered, including HIF2A, a marker for potency, differentiation, and various cellular functions. Significant alternations in the expression levels of previously reported oxygen-sensitive surface proteins were detected in this study, some of which closely correlate with the expression levels of HIF2A. Our analysis of the hMSCs transcriptome and HRG mapped out a list of genes encoding surface proteins which may directly regulate or be regulated by HIF2A. The findings from this study showed that culture surfaces have an impact on regulating the expression profile of HRG. Therefore, novel culture surfaces may be designed to selectively activate HIF2A and other HRG and pathways under in vitro normoxia. The understanding of the crosstalk between the regulating genes of hypoxia and culture surfaces may be utilized to strengthen desired hypoxic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Forsyth NR, Akam EC. The Role of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Success, Regulatory Compliance, and Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1303-1321. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. The Role of Interplay of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Macrophages in Physiological and Reparative Tissue Remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119718010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Effects of Redox Modulation on Cell Proliferation, Viability, and Migration in Cultured Rat and Human Tendon Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8785042. [PMID: 28761625 PMCID: PMC5518521 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8785042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tendon healing is slow and usually results in inferior fibrotic tissue formation. Recently, application of tendon derived stem cells (TDSCs) improved tendon healing in animal studies. In a chicken model, local injection of antioxidants reduced tendon adhesion after tendon injury. An in vitro study demonstrated that supplementation of H2O2 reduced tenogenic marker expression in TDSCs. These findings suggested that the possibility of TDSCs is involved in tendon healing and the cellular activities of TDSCs might be affected by oxidative stress of the local environment. After tendon injury, oxidative stress is increased. Redox modulation might affect healing outcomes via affecting cellular activities in TDSCs. To study the effect of oxidative stress on TDSCs, the cellular activities of rat/human TDSCs were measured under different dosages of vitamin C or H2O2 in this study. Lower dose of vitamin C increased cell proliferation, viability and migration; H2O2 affected colony formation and suppressed cell migration, cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation. Consistent with previous studies, oxidative stresses (H2O2) affect both recruitment and survival of TDSCs, while the antioxidant vitamin C may exert beneficial effects at low doses. In conclusion, redox modulation affected cellular activities of TDSCs and might be a potential strategy for tendon healing treatment.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Polytrauma: Actor and Target. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6289825. [PMID: 27340408 PMCID: PMC4909902 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6289825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are considered indispensable in regeneration processes after tissue trauma. MSCs are recruited to damaged areas via several chemoattractant pathways where they function as “actors” in the healing process by the secretion of manifold pro- and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, pro- and anticoagulatory, and trophic/angiogenic factors, but also by proliferation and differentiation into the required cells. On the other hand, MSCs represent “targets” during the pathophysiological conditions after severe trauma, when excessively generated inflammatory mediators, complement activation factors, and damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns challenge MSCs and alter their functionality. This in turn leads to complement opsonization, lysis, clearance by macrophages, and reduced migratory and regenerative abilities which culminate in impaired tissue repair. We summarize relevant cellular and signaling mechanisms and provide an up-to-date overview about promising future therapeutic MSC strategies in the context of severe tissue trauma.
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Hypoxic preconditioning potentiates the trophic effects of mesenchymal stem cells on co-cultured human primary hepatocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:237. [PMID: 26626568 PMCID: PMC4667488 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) improve the metabolic function of co-cultured hepatocytes. The present study aimed to further enhance the trophic effects of co-culture with hepatocytes using hypoxic preconditioning (HPc) of the MSCs and also to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were subjected to hypoxia (2 % O2; HPc) or normoxia (20 % O2) for 24 h and then co-cultured with isolated human hepatocytes. Assays of metabolic function and apoptosis were performed to investigate the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture. Indirect co-cultures and co-culture with MSC-conditioned medium investigated the role of paracrine factors in the hepatotrophic effects of co-culture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was antagonised with N-acetylcysteine to investigate whether HPc potentiated the effects of MSCs by intracellular ROS-dependent mechanisms. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and extracellular collagen production was determined and CASP9 and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways analysed to investigate the role of soluble factors, extracellular matrix deposition, and apoptosis-associated gene signalling in the effects of co-culture. Results HPc potentiated the hepatotrophic and anti-apoptotic effects of co-culture by ROS-dependent mechanisms. There was increased MSC TGF-β1 production, and enhanced MSC deposition of extracellular collagen, with reduced synthesis of TNF-α, as well as a downregulation of the expression of pro-apoptotic CASP9, BAX, BID and BLK genes and upregulated expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 in hepatocytes. Conclusions HPc potentiated the trophic and anti-apoptotic effects of MSCs on hepatocytes via mechanisms including intracellular ROS, autocrine TGF-β, extracellular collagen and caspase and BAX/BCL-2 signalling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0218-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Andreeva ER, Lobanova MV, Udartseva OO, Buravkova LB. Response of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells in Tissue-Related O2 Microenvironment to Short-Term Hypoxic Stress. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:307-15. [PMID: 26407140 DOI: 10.1159/000438921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A microenvironment low in O2 ('physiological' hypoxia) governs the functions of perivascular multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, defining their involvement in tissue physiological homeostasis and regenerative remodelling. Acute hypoxic stress is considered as one of the important factors inducing tissue damage. Here, we evaluate the influence of short-term hypoxia (1% O2 for 24 h) on perivascular adipose tissue-derived cells (ASCs) permanently expanded in tissue-related O2 (5%) microenvironment. After hypoxic exposure, ASCs retained high viability, stromal cell morphology and mesenchymal phenotype (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+ and CD45-). Mild oxidative damage was unveiled as elevation of reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-active products, while no reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and a 20% statistically significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity was detected. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-3α isoforms was differently regulated. HIF-1α displayed transient up-regulation, with maximum levels 30 min after acute hypoxic exposure, while HIF-3α was significantly up-regulated after 24 h. Up-regulation of ERK7, MEK1 and c-fos, and down-regulation of MKK6, p53, CCNA2, CCNB1 and CCNB2 were observed after 24 h of oxygen deprivation. Acute hypoxic exposure did not affect the gene expression of other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases, MAPK/ERK kinase-interacting proteins, MAPK-activated transcription factors and scaffolding proteins. Significant stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor α and interleukin-6 production was detected in ASC-conditioned medium. Thus, tissue O2-adapted ASCs are resistant to hypoxic stress, which can ensure their effective involvement in the regeneration of tissue damage under significant oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Andreeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Bocca C, Novo E, Miglietta A, Parola M. Angiogenesis and Fibrogenesis in Chronic Liver Diseases. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:477-488. [PMID: 28210697 PMCID: PMC5301407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic angiogenesis appears to be intrinsically associated with the fibrogenic progression of chronic liver diseases, which eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis and related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Several laboratories have suggested that this association is relevant for chronic liver disease progression, with angiogenesis proposed to sustain fibrogenesis. This minireview offers a synthesis of relevant findings and opinions that have emerged in the last few years relating liver angiogenesis to fibrogenesis. We discuss liver angiogenesis in normal and pathophysiologic conditions with a focus on the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors and assess the evidence supporting a clear relationship between angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. A section is dedicated to the critical interactions between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and either quiescent hepatic stellate cells or myofibroblast-like stellate cells. Finally, we introduce the unusual, dual (profibrogenic and proangiogenic) role of hepatic myofibroblasts and emerging evidence supporting a role for specific mediators like vasohibin and microparticles and microvesicles.
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Key Words
- ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like-3 peptide
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Ang-1, angiopoietin-1
- CCL2, chemokine ligand 2
- CCR, chemokine receptor
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- ET-1, endothelin 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- HSC/MFs, myofibroblast-like cells from activated hepatic stellate cells
- Hh, Hedgehog
- Hypoxia
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Liver Angiogenesis
- Liver Fibrogenesis
- MF, myofibroblast
- MP, microparticle
- Myofibroblasts
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGF-R2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maurizio Parola
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Controlling Redox Status for Stem Cell Survival, Expansion, and Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:105135. [PMID: 26273419 PMCID: PMC4530287 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as pathological agents inducing apoptosis under adverse culture conditions. However, recent findings have challenged this dogma and physiological levels of ROS are now considered as secondary messengers, mediating numerous cellular functions in stem cells. Stem cells represent important tools for tissue engineering, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, the safe use of stem cells for clinical applications still requires culture improvements to obtain functional cells. With the examples of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), this review investigates the roles of ROS in the maintenance of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. In addition, this work highlights that the tight control of stem cell microenvironment, including cell organization, and metabolic and mechanical environments, may be an effective approach to regulate endogenous ROS generation. Taken together, this paper indicates the need for better quantification of ROS towards the accurate control of stem cell fate.
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Andreeva ER, Pogodina MV, Buravkova LB. Hypoxic stress as an activation trigger of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119715020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mesenchymal stromal cells for sphincter regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:123-36. [PMID: 25451135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as the involuntary loss of considerable amounts of urine during increased abdominal pressure (exertion, effort, sneezing, coughing, etc.), is a severe problem to the individuals affected and a significant medical, social and economic challenge. SUI is associated with pelvic floor debility, absence of detrusor contraction, or a loss of control over the sphincter muscle apparatus. The pathology includes an increasing loss of muscle cells, replacement of muscular tissue with fibrous tissue, and general aging associated processes of the sphincter complex. When current therapies fail to cure or improve SUI, application of regeneration-competent cells may be an alternative therapeutic option. Here we discuss different aspects of the biology of mesenchymal stromal cells, which are relevant to their clinical applications and for regenerating the sphincter complex. However, there are reports in favor of and against cell-based therapies. We therefore summarize the potential and the risks of cell-based therapies for the treatment of SUI.
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Jiang CM, Liu J, Zhao JY, Xiao L, An S, Gou YC, Quan HX, Cheng Q, Zhang YL, He W, Wang YT, Yu WJ, Huang YF, Yi YT, Chen Y, Wang J. Effects of hypoxia on the immunomodulatory properties of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2014; 94:69-77. [PMID: 25403565 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514557671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hypoxic, which plays an important role in maintaining their self-renewal potential and undifferentiated state. MSCs have been proven to possess immunomodulatory properties and have been used clinically to treat autoimmune diseases. Here, we tested the effects of hypoxia on the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and examined its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that hypoxic stimulation promoted the immunomodulatory properties of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) by enhancing the suppressive effects of hGMSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The proliferation of PBMCs was significantly inhibited, while the apoptosis of PBMCs was increased, which was associated with the Fas ligand (FasL) expression of hGMSCs. The in vivo study showed that systemically infused hGMSCs could enhance skin wound repair, and 24-h hypoxic stimulation significantly promoted the reparative capacity of hGMSCs. For mechanism, hGMSC treatment inhibited the local inflammation of injured skin by suppressing the inflammatory cells, reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), which was promoted by hypoxia. Hypoxia preconditioning may be a good optimizing method to promote the potential of MSCs for the future cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - S An
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y C Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - H X Quan
- Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Distract of PLA, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - W He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y T Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y T Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
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Liu P, Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Therapeutic action of bone marrow-derived stem cells against acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2014; 115:1-7. [PMID: 25219881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent clinical disease with a high morbidity rate and mortality rate, while the treatment options for this intractable disease are limited currently. In recent years, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been demonstrated to hold an effect therapeutic action against AKI by scientists gradually, and the cells are capable to localize to renal compartments and contribute to kidney regeneration though differentiation or paracrine action. Especially, the advantages of BMSCs, such as low toxicity and side effect as well as autologous transplantation, endue the cell with a promising potential in clinical therapy against AKI. In this review, we mainly provide a concise overview of the application of BMSCs in the treatment of AKI, and summarize a series of published data regarding the mechanisms and optimizations of the BMSC-based therapy in renal repair after AKI. Even though some critical points about the BMSC-based therapy model still need clarification, we hope to develop more reliable pharmacological or biotechnical strategies utilizing the stem cell for the eventual treatment of humans with AKI, based on these studies and the understanding of mechanism of renal protection by BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yetong Feng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.
| | - Yulai Zhou
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China.
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Zhang S, Xie R, Zhao T, Yang X, Han L, Ye F, Lei T, Wan F. Neural stem cells preferentially migrate to glioma stem cells and reduce their stemness phenotypes. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1989-96. [PMID: 25176161 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs), characterized by self-renewal, multi-potentiality and tumorigenicity, are responsible for the tumor propagation, recurrence and resistance to traditional treatments, representing a critical therapeutic target. Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess inherent tropism to brain tumor cells and inhibit their growth. However, there is a limited understanding of the mechanism underlying NSC tropism and the effect of NSC migration on GSC stemness phenotypes. In the present study, we showed that GSCs exhibited enhanced chemotaxis for NSC tropism compared with their differentiated cells. Chemokines secreted by GSCs contributed to the targeted migration of NSCs. Hypoxia enhanced NSC tropism via the upregulated chemokine expression of GSCs, such as VEGF, EGF and bFGF. In vitro migration of NSCs induced GSC differentiation and reduced stem-like phenotypes. Moreover, in vivo data provided direct evidence that transplanted NSCs could migrate to GSCs from either the homolateral or contralateral brain injection site, which prolonged the survival of grafted mice. Taken together, these findings show that NSCs preferentially migrate to GSCs and reduce their stemness phenotypes, raising the intriguing possibility that the targeted migration of NSCs can be applied as a novel therapeutic strategy to target these intractable brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suojun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Chinese-German Lab of Molecular Neurooncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
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Buravkova LB, Andreeva ER, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Mesenchymal stem cells and hypoxia: where are we? Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:105-12. [PMID: 25034305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in the organization and maintenance of tissue integrity. MSCs have also attracted attention as a promising tool for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. However, their usage is limited due to cell impairment induced by an extremely harsh microenvironment during transplantation ex vivo. The microenvironment of MSCs in tissue depots is characterized by rather low oxygen consumption, demonstrating that MSCs might be quite resistant to oxygen limitation. However, accumulated data revealed that the response of MSCs to hypoxic conditions is rather controversial, demonstrating both damaging and ameliorating effects. Here, we make an attempt to summarize recent knowledge on the survival of MSCs under low oxygen conditions of varying duration and severity and to elucidate the mechanisms of MSC resistance/sensitivity to hypoxic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E R Andreeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Gogvadze
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Galderisi U, Giordano A. The gap between the physiological and therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cells. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1100-26. [PMID: 24866817 DOI: 10.1002/med.21322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several investigators have cultivated marrow stromal cells and have identified a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells expand extensively in vitro and exhibit multilineage differentiation potential. The lack of MSC-specific markers impedes identification of MSC functions. Further in vivo studies of these cells may elucidate the nature of MSCs. Although the nature of MSCs remains unclear, nonclonal stromal cultures are used as a source of putative MSCs for therapeutic purposes. Preclinical studies and clinical trials assumed that transplanted MSCs exert their effects through their differentiation properties or through the release of molecules that restore tissue functions and modulate immune cells. These studies reported contradictory results and failed to meet expectations. Thus, it is important to note that current protocols for MSC therapy are primarily based on the use of in vitro expanded nonclonal MSCs. Clearly defining the physiological features of in situ MSCs and the in vitro and in vivo properties of nonclonal cultures of stromal cells, which are often misidentified as pure stem cell cultures, may explain the reported failures of MSC therapy. This review will address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Galderisi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Genkök Stem Cell Centre, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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28
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Boido M, Piras A, Valsecchi V, Spigolon G, Mareschi K, Ferrero I, Vizzini A, Temi S, Mazzini L, Fagioli F, Vercelli A. Human mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation modulates neuroinflammatory milieu in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1059-72. [PMID: 24794182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), after intraparenchymal, intrathecal and endovenous administration, have been previously tested for cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) mouse. However, every administration route has specific pros and cons. METHODS We administrated human MSCs (hMSCs) in the cisterna lumbaris, which is easily accessible and could be used in outpatient surgery, in the SOD1 G93A mouse, at the earliest onset of symptoms. Control animals received saline injections. Motor behavior was checked starting from 2 months of age until the mice were killed. Animals were killed 2 weeks after transplantation; lumbar motoneurons were stereologically counted, astrocytes and microglia were analyzed and quantified after immunohistochemistry and cytokine expression was assayed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We provide evidence that this route of administration can exert strongly positive effects. Motoneuron death and motor decay were delayed, astrogliosis was reduced and microglial activation was modulated. In addition, hMSC transplantation prevented the downregulation of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, as well as that of vascular endothelial growth factor observed in saline-treated transgenic mice compared with wild type, and resulted in a dramatic increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-13. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hMSCs, when intracisternally administered, can exert their paracrine potential, influencing the inflammatory response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boido
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Piras
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giada Spigolon
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Vizzini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Santa Temi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Centre Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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29
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HoWangYin KY, Loinard C, Bakker W, Guérin CL, Vilar J, D'Audigier C, Mauge L, Bruneval P, Emmerich J, Lévy BI, Pouysségur J, Smadja DM, Silvestre JS. HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase 2 Inhibition Enhances the Efficiency of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia. Stem Cells 2014; 32:231-43. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Loinard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire; Fontenay aux Roses France
| | | | | | - José Vilar
- INSERM UMRS 970; Fontenay aux Roses France
| | - Clément D'Audigier
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
| | - Laetitia Mauge
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'anatomie Pathologique Paris France
| | - Joseph Emmerich
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | | | - Jacques Pouysségur
- University of Nice, Institute of Research on Cancer & Aging (IRCAN)Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France and Centre Scientifique de Monaco
| | - David M. Smadja
- INSERM UMRS 765; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
- AP-HP; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; Service d'hématologie Biologique Paris France
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Peng Y, Huang S, Wu Y, Cheng B, Nie X, Liu H, Ma K, Zhou J, Gao D, Feng C, Yang S, Fu X. Platelet rich plasma clot releasate preconditioning induced PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling enhances survival and regenerative function of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in hostile microenvironments. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3236-51. [PMID: 23885779 PMCID: PMC3868358 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been optimal targets in the development of cell based therapies, but their limited availability and high death rate after transplantation remains a concern in clinical applications. This study describes novel effects of platelet rich clot releasate (PRCR) on rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), with the former driving a gene program, which can reduce apoptosis and promote the regenerative function of the latter in hostile microenvironments through enhancement of paracrine/autocrine factors. By using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses, we showed that PRCR preconditioning could alleviate the apoptosis of BM-MSCs under stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and serum deprivation by enhancing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) via stimulation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, the effects of PRCR preconditioned GFP-BM-MSCs subcutaneously transplanted into rats 6 h after wound surgery were examined by histological and other tests from days 0-22 after transplantation. Engraftment of the PRCR preconditioned BM-MSCs not only significantly attenuated apoptosis and wound size but also improved epithelization and blood vessel regeneration of skin via regulation of the wound microenvironment. Thus, preconditioning with PRCR, which reprograms BM-MSCs to tolerate hostile microenvironments and enhance regenerative function by increasing levels of paracrine factors through PDGFR-α/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways would be a safe method for boosting the effectiveness of transplantation therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Huang
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Nie
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ma
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Gao
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Feng
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Yang
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Burns Institute, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Mateos J, De la Fuente A, Lesende-Rodriguez I, Fernández-Pernas P, Arufe MC, Blanco FJ. Lamin A deregulation in human mesenchymal stem cells promotes an impairment in their chondrogenic potential and imbalance in their response to oxidative stress. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1137-48. [PMID: 23994728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of the over-expression of LMNA, or its mutant form progerin (PG), on the mesoderm differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord (UC) stroma using a recently described differentiation model employing spheroid formation. Accumulation of lamin A (LMNA) was previously associated with the osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocyte phenotype. Mutations of this protein are linked to laminopathies and specifically to Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), an accelerated aging disease. Some authors have proposed that a deregulation of LMNA affects the differentiation potential of stem cells. The chondrogenic potential is defective in PG-MSCs, although both PG and LMNA transduced MSCs, have an increase in hypertrophy markers during chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, both PG and LMNA-MSCs showed a decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSODM), an increase of mitochondrial MnSODM-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alterations in their migration capacity. Finally, defects in chondrogenesis are partially reversed by periodic incubation with ROS-scavenger agent that mimics MnSODM effect. Our results indicate that over-expression of LMNA or PG by lentiviral gene delivery leads to defects in chondrogenic differentiation potential partially due to an imbalance in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateos
- Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Spain
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Xu L, Sun X, Cao K, Wu Y, Zou D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang G, Huang Q, Jiang X. Hypoxia induces osteogenesis in rabbit adipose-derived stem cells overexpressing bone morphogenic protein-2. Oral Dis 2013; 20:430-9. [PMID: 23865899 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxic culture potentiates mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to survive and secrete various growth factors. Genetically modified stem cells overexpressing bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) demonstrate strong osteogenic ability. Hence, we investigated the coeffect of hypoxic culture conditions and BMP-2 overexpression on the osteogenic ability of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rabbit adipose-derived stem cells with or without adenoviral-BMP-2 transduction were cultured in hypoxic (1%) and normoxic (21%) conditions. Cell viability, attachment, and proliferation were compared. Real-time PCR amplification of osteogenic and angiogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), HIF-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. Moreover, ALP activity, immunofluorescent staining of OCN, and mineralization assay by alizarin red S quantification and von Kossa staining were conducted. RESULTS Cells under hypoxic conditions attached better within 12 h and proliferated faster. While BMP-2 overexpression and hypoxic condition separately elevated the transcription of key osteogenic and angiogenic genes, a cooperative effect was observed to enhance the upregulation of osteogenic as well as angiogenic genes. Identical changes were observed in ALP activity, immunofluorescent staining of OCN, and mineralization assay. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic culture can enhance the osteogenic ability of BMP-2 gene-modified rASCs, which provides a strategy to improve the osteogenesis of rASCs for in vivo bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Andreeva ER, Buravkova LB. Paracrine activity of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and its modulation in hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119713030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Singh RP, Franke K, Wielockx B. Hypoxia-mediated regulation of stem cell fate. High Alt Med Biol 2013; 13:162-8. [PMID: 22994515 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2012.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-mediated regulation of stem cell fate, or reduced oxygen availability, is a prominent feature during mammalian development and under physiological and pathological conditions in adults. Oxygen-sensing is therefore indispensable as it enables the cells to adapt instantaneously to an inappropriate pO(2). This machinery relies primarily on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Moreover, a growing body of evidence proposes that different types of stem cells exist in a very hypoxic microenvironment, which may be beneficial for the maintenance of these cells and ensures continuous replenishment of dead or damaged cells in virtually all tissues of the body. Recent reports have shown that HIF is a critical player in these responses. However, a better understanding of the different HIF-related mechanisms is of utmost importance for the improvement of therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration as well as hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashim Pal Singh
- Emmy Noether Research Group, Institute of Pathology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany
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35
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Park JH, Hwang I, Hwang SH, Han H, Ha H. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent diabetic renal injury through paracrine action. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:465-73. [PMID: 23026513 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined renoprotective effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) in diabetes. NRK-52E cells were utilized to determine the paracrine effect of hUCB-MSC. METHODS hUCB was harvested with the mother's consent. MSC obtained from the hUCB were injected through the tail vein. Growth arrested and synchronized NRK-52E cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the presence of hUCB-MSC conditioned media. RESULTS At 4 weeks after the streptozotocin (STZ) injection, diabetic rats showed significantly increased urinary protein excretion, renal and glomerular hypertrophy, fractional mesangial area, renal expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen accumulation but decreased renal E-cadherin and bone morphogenic protein-7 expression, confirming diabetic renal injury. hUCB-MSC effectively prevented diabetic renal injury except renal and glomerular hypertrophy without a significant effect on blood glucose. CM-DiI-labeled hUCB-MSC and immunostaining of PKcs, a human nuclei antigen, confirmed a few engraftment of hUCB-MSC in diabetic kidneys. hUCB-MSC conditioned media inhibited TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix upregulation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the renoprotective effect of hUCB-MSC in STZ-induced diabetic rats possibly through secretion of humoral factors and suggest hUCB-MSC as a possible treatment modality for diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Park
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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De Barros S, Dehez S, Arnaud E, Barreau C, Cazavet A, Perez G, Galinier A, Casteilla L, Planat-Bénard V. Aging-related decrease of human ASC angiogenic potential is reversed by hypoxia preconditioning through ROS production. Mol Ther 2012; 21:399-408. [PMID: 23070114 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose stroma/stem cells (ASC) represent an ideal source of autologous cells for cell-based therapy. Their transplantation enhances neovascularization after experimental ischemic injury. Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow. This work aims to determine the aging effect on human ASC capacities. First, we show that aging impairs angiogenic capacities of human ASC (hASC) in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model. Although no change in hASC number, phenotype, and proliferation was observed with aging, several mechanisms involved in the adverse effects of aging have been identified in vitro combining a concomitant decrease in (i) ASC ability to differentiate towards endothelial cells, (ii) secretion of proangiogenic and pro-survival factors, and (iii) oxidative stress. These effects were counteracted by a hypoxic preconditioning that improved in vivo angiogenic capacities of hASC from older donors, while hASC from young donors that have a strong ability to manage hypoxic stress were not. Finally, we identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as a key signal of hypoxia on hASC angiogenic capacities. This study demonstrates for the first time that age of donor impaired angiogenic capacities of hASC in ischemic muscle and change in ROS generation by hypoxic preconditioning reverse the adverse effect of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De Barros
- STROMAlab, UMR Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS 5273, BP 84 225 - F-31 432, Toulouse, France
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Buravkova LB, Andreeva ER, Grigoriev AI. The impact of oxygen in physiological regulation of human multipotent mesenchymal cell functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119712040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Smith AN, Muffley LA, Bell AN, Numhom S, Hocking AM. Unsaturated fatty acids induce mesenchymal stem cells to increase secretion of angiogenic mediators. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3225-33. [PMID: 22105830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent emerging cell-based therapies for diabetes and associated complications. Ongoing clinical trials are using exogenous MSC to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-healing wounds due to diabetes. The majority of these trials are aimed at exploiting the ability of these multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to release soluble mediators that reduce inflammation and promote both angiogenesis and cell survival at sites of tissue damage. Growing evidence suggests that MSC secretion of soluble factors is dependent on tissue microenvironment. Despite the contribution of fatty acids to the metabolic environment of type 2 diabetes, almost nothing is known about their effects on MSC secretion of growth factors and cytokines. In this study, human bone marrow-derived MSC were exposed to linoleic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, or oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, for seven days in the presence of 5.38 mM glucose. Outcomes measured included MSC proliferation, gene expression, protein secretion and chemotaxis. Linoleic and oleic acids inhibited MSC proliferation and altered MSC expression and secretion of known mediators of angiogenesis. Both unsaturated fatty acids induced MSC to increase secretion of interleukin-6, VEGF and nitric oxide. In addition, linoleic acid but not oleic acid induced MSC to increase production of interleukin-8. Collectively these data suggest that exposure to fatty acids may have functional consequences for MSC therapy. Fatty acids may affect MSC engraftment to injured tissue and MSC secretion of cytokines and growth factors that regulate local cellular responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria N Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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Novo E, Parola M. The role of redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:S4. [PMID: 23259696 PMCID: PMC3368756 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-s1-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, intracellular and tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are carefully controlled and employed as fine modulators of signal transduction, gene expression and cell functional responses (redox signaling). A significant derangement in redox homeostasis, resulting in sustained levels of oxidative stress and related mediators, plays a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, chronic activation of wound healing and tissue fibrogenesis, including chronic liver diseases. In this chapter major concepts and mechanisms in redox signaling will be briefly recalled to introduce a number of selected examples of redox-related mechanisms that can actively contribute to critical events in the natural history of a chronic liver diseases, including induction of cell death, perpetuation of chronic inflammatory responses and fibrogenesis. A major focus will be on redox-dependent mechanisms involved in the modulation of phenotypic responses of activated, myofibroblast-like, hepatic stellate cells (HSC/MFs), still considered as the most relevant pro-fibrogenic cells operating in chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Novo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy ; Interuniversity Centre for Liver Pathophysiology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy ; Interuniversity Centre for Liver Pathophysiology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Saller MM, Prall WC, Docheva D, Schönitzer V, Popov T, Anz D, Clausen-Schaumann H, Mutschler W, Volkmer E, Schieker M, Polzer H. Increased stemness and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxia is associated with altered integrin expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:379-85. [PMID: 22664105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are regularly cultured and characterised under normoxic (21% O(2)) conditions, although the physiological oxygen tension in the stem cell niche is known to be as low as 1-2%. Oxygen itself is an important signalling molecule, but the distinct impact on various stem cell characteristics is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oxygen concentration on the hMSC subpopulation composition, cell morphology and migration on different surfaces (polystyrene, collagen I, fibronectin, laminin) as well as on the expression of integrin receptors. Bone marrow-derived hMSCs were cultured either in normoxic (21% O(2)) or hypoxic (2% O(2)) conditions. The hMSC subpopulations were assessed by aspect ratio and cell area. Hypoxia promoted a more homogeneous cell population with a significantly higher fraction of rapidly self-renewing cells which are believed to be the true stem cells. Under hypoxic conditions hMSC volume and height were significantly decreased on all surfaces as measured by white light confocal microscopy. Furthermore, low oxygen tension led to a significant increase in cell velocity and Euclidian distance on all matrixes, which was evaluated by time-lapse microscopy. With regard to cell-matrix contacts, expression of several integrin subunits was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Increased expression of the subunits α(1), α(3), α(5,) α(6), α(11), α(v), β(1) and β(3) was observed in hypoxic conditions, while α(2) was higher expressed in normoxic cultured hMSCs. Taken together, our results indicate that hypoxic conditions promote stemness and migration of hMSC along with altering their integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming: a diabolic liaison. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:762825. [PMID: 22666258 PMCID: PMC3361160 DOI: 10.1155/2012/762825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversely to normal cells, where deregulated oxidative stress drives the activation of death pathways, malignant cells exploit oxidative milieu for its advantage. Cancer cells are located in a very complex microenvironment together with stromal components that participate to enhance oxidative stress to promote tumor progression. Indeed, convincing experimental and clinical evidence underline the key role of oxidative stress in several tumor aspects thus affecting several characteristics of cancer cells. Oxidants influence the DNA mutational potential, intracellular signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and survival and cell motility and invasiveness as well as control the reactivity of stromal components that is fundamental for cancer development and dissemination, inflammation, tissue repair, and de novo angiogenesis. This paper is focused on the role of oxidant species in the acquisition of two mandatory features for aggressive neoplastic cells, recently defined by Hanahan and Weinberg as new “hallmarks of cancer”: tumor microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.
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Shome S, Dasgupta PS, Basu S. Dopamine regulates mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells during wound angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31682. [PMID: 22355389 PMCID: PMC3280323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important step in the complex biological and molecular events leading to successful healing of dermal wounds. Among the different cellular effectors of wound angiogenesis, the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of current interest due to their transdifferentiation and proangiogenic potentials. Skin is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves which secrete dopamine (DA) and we have recently shown that concentration of DA present in synaptic cleft can significantly inhibit wound tissue neovascularization. As recent reports indicate that MSCs by mobilizing into wound bed play an important role in promoting wound angiogenesis, we therefore investigated the effect of DA on the migration of MSCs in wound tissues. DA acted through its D(2) receptors present in the MSCs to inhibit their mobilization to the wound beds by suppressing Akt phosphorylation and actin polymerization. In contrast, this inhibitory effect of DA was reversed after treatment with specific DA D(2) receptor antagonist. Increased mobilization of MSCs was demonstrated in the wound site following blockade of DA D(2) receptor mediated actions, and this in turn was associated with significantly more angiogenesis in wound tissues. This study is of translational value and indicates use of DA D(2) receptor antagonists to stimulate mobilization of these stem cells for faster regeneration of damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Shome
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Dasgupta
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail: (PSD); (SB)
| | - Sujit Basu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorthy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSD); (SB)
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Deutsch D, Silverstein N, Shilo D, Lecht S, Lazarovici P, Blumenfeld A. Biphasic influence of hypoxia on tuftelin expression in mouse mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 119 Suppl 1:55-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Badiavas AR, Badiavas EV. Potential benefits of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for wound healing. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1447-54. [PMID: 21854302 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.606212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is becoming increasingly evident that select adult stem cells have the capacity to participate in repair and regeneration of damaged and/or diseased tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells have been among the most studied adult stem cells for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including wound healing. AREAS COVERED Mesenchymal stem cell features potentially beneficial to cutaneous wound healing applications are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Given their potential for in vitro expansion and immune modulatory effects, both autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells appear to be well suited as wound healing therapies. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells derived from young healthy donors could have particular advantage over autologous sources where age and systemic disease can be significant factors.
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