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Čechová B, Mihalčíková L, Vaculin Š, Šandera Š, Šlamberová R. Levels of BDNF and NGF in adolescent rat hippocampus neonatally exposed to methamphetamine along with environmental alterations. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S559-S571. [PMID: 38165760 PMCID: PMC10861250 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are proteins included in development and functioning of various processed in mammalian organisms. They are important in early development but as well as during adulthood. Brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been previously linked with many psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction. Since during postnatal development, brain undergoes various functional and anatomical changes, we included preweaning environment enrichment (EE), since enrichment has been linked with improved function and development of the several brain structure such as hippocampus (HP), in which we monitored these changes. On the other hand, social isolation has been linked with depression and anxiety-like behavior, therefore postweaning social isolation has been added to this model as well and animal were exposed to this condition till adolescence. We examined if all these three factors had impact on BDNF and NGF levels during three phases of adolescence - postnatal days (PDs) 28, 35 and 45. Our results show that EE did not increase BDNF levels neither in control or MA exposed animals and these results are similar for both direct and indirect exposure. On the other side, social separation after weaning did reduce BDNF levels in comparison to standard housing animals but this effect was reversed by direct MA exposure. In terms of NGF, EE environment increased its levels only in indirectly exposed controls and MA animals during late adolescence. On the other hand, social separation increased NGF levels in majority of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Čechová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Yang G, Li J, Peng Y, Shen B, Li Y, Liu L, Wang C, Xu Y, Lin S, Zhang S, Tan Y, Zhang H, Zeng X, Li Q, Lu G. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signalings in vitro and in vivo models. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:426-434. [PMID: 35600772 PMCID: PMC9120644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study investigates the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GsRb1) on methamphetamine (METH)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. It also examines whether GsRb1 can regulate these effects through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with GsRb1 (20 μM and 40 μM) for 1 h, followed by METH treatment (2 mM) for 24 h. Rats were treated with METH (2 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days for 10 days to allow CPP to be examined. GsRb1 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before METH or saline. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of NR2B, ERK, P-ERK, CREB, P-CREB, and BDNF in the SH-SY5Y cells and the rats' hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results METH dose-dependently reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment of cells with 40 μM of GsRb1 increased cell viability and reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF. GsRb1 also attenuated the expression of METH CPP in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Further, GsRb1 dose-dependently reduced the expression of METH-induced NR2B, p-ERK, p-CREB, and BDNF in the PFC, hippocampus, and NAc of rats. Conclusion GsRb1 regulated METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and METH-induced CPP through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF regulatory pathway. GsRb1 could be a therapeutic target for treating METH-induced neurotoxicity or METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanxia Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yue Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shucheng Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yi Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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3
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The Relationship between Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Level and Neurocognitive Functions in Chronic Methamphetamine Users. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shyu BC, Gao ZY, Wu JJS, He ABH, Cheng CN, Huang ACW. Methamphetamine and Modulation Functionality of the Prelimbic Cortex for Developing a Possible Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in an Animal Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:751913. [PMID: 34744692 PMCID: PMC8564002 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.751913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes cognitive impairment and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previously, little research has thus far investigated whether methamphetamine (MAMPH) can enhance cognitive function or ameliorate AD symptoms. This study examined whether a low dose of MAMPH can induce conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning, or can increase plasma corticosterone levels, neural activity, and neural plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (responsible for cognitive function), the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the amygdala (related to rewarding and aversive emotion), and the hippocampus (responsible for spatial learning). Furthermore, the excitations or lesions of the prelimbic cortex (PrL) can affect MAMPH-induced CTA learning, plasma corticosterone levels, and neural activity or plasticity in the mPFC [i.e., PrL, infralimbic cortex (IL), cingulate cortex 1 (Cg1)], the NAc, the amygdala [i.e., basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA)], and the hippocampus [i.e., CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG)]. In the experimental procedure, the rats were administered either saline or NMDA solutions, which were injected into the PrL to excite or destroy PrL neurons. Additionally, rats received 0.1% saccharin solution for 15 min, followed by intraperitoneal injections of either normal saline or 1 mg/kg MAMPH to induce CTA. A one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the effects of saccharin intake on CTA, plasma corticosterone levels, and the expression of c-Fos and p-ERK. The results showed that the MAMPH induced CTA learning and increased plasma corticosterone levels. The mPFC, and particularly the PrL and IL and the DG of the hippocampus, appeared to show increased neural activity in c-Fos expression or neural plasticity in p-ERK expression. The excitation of the PrL neurons upregulated neural activity in c-Fos expression and neural plasticity in p-ERK expression in the PrL and IL. In summary, MAMPH may be able to improve cognitive and executive function in the brain and reduce AD symptoms. Moreover, the excitatory modulation of the PrL with MAMPH administration can facilitate MAMPH-induced neural activity and plasticity in the PrL and IL of the mPFC. The present data provide clinical implications for developing a possible treatment for AD in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yue Gao
- Yuanshan Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Alan Bo Han He
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Cai-N Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Iamjan SA, Thanoi S, Watiktinkorn P, Fachim H, Dalton CF, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Reynolds GP. Changes of BDNF exon IV DNA methylation are associated with methamphetamine dependence. Epigenomics 2021; 13:953-965. [PMID: 34008409 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated DNA methylation of BDNF in methamphetamine (METH) dependence in humans and an animal model. Materials & methods: BDNF methylation at exon IV was determined by pyrosequencing of blood DNA from METH-dependent and control subjects, and from rat brain following an escalating dose of METH or vehicle. Bdnf expression was determined in rat brain. Results: BDNF methylation was increased in human METH dependence, greatest in subjects with psychosis and in prefrontal cortex of METH-administered rats; rat hippocampus showed reduced Bdnf methylation and increased gene expression. Conclusion: BDNF methylation is abnormal in human METH dependence, especially METH-dependent psychosis, and in METH-administered rats. This may influence BDNF expression and contribute to the neurotoxic effects of METH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri-Arun Iamjan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Helene Fachim
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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6
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The acute effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113186. [PMID: 33607162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant drug. Research has shown that the acute effects of MA can be modulated by age, although previous findings from our lab do not find age differences in the effects of MA. Relatively little research has examined the effects of adolescent MA exposure; thus, it is important to understand how MA affects adolescent behavior and brain function compared to adults. In order to better understand the age differences in the effects of acute MA exposure, this research examined the effects of MA exposure on locomotor and anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to saline, 2 mg/kg MA, or 4 mg/kg MA and behavior was measured in the open field test. Immediately following behavioral testing, serum was collected, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured. MA-exposed mice showed increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior compared to saline controls, regardless of age and dose of MA. However, adolescent mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg), whereas the adult mice showed the greatest locomotor response to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg). There were no differences in stereotyped behavior between the adolescent and adult mice exposed to the low dose of MA (2 mg/kg) and the high dose of MA (4 mg/kg). There was no effect of MA exposure on plasma corticosterone levels. These data suggest age modulates the locomotor response to MA and further research is warranted to determine the developmental neurobiological mechanism underlying the dose-response age differences in the response to acute MA exposure.
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7
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Kim B, Jha S, Seo JH, Jeong CH, Lee S, Lee S, Seo YH, Park B. MeBib Suppressed Methamphetamine Self-Administration Response via Inhibition of BDNF/ERK/CREB Signal Pathway in the Hippocampus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:519-526. [PMID: 32466633 PMCID: PMC7585641 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most commonly abused drugs in the world by illegal drug users. Addiction to MA is a serious public health problem and effective therapies do not exist to date. It has also been reported that behavior induced by psychostimulants such as MA is related to histone deacetylase (HDAC). MeBib is an HDAC6 inhibitor derived from a benzimidazole scaffold. Many benzimidazole-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC6 inhibitor MeBib modulates the behavioral response in MA self-administered rats. Our results demonstrated that the number of active lever presses in MA self-administered rats was reduced by pretreatment with MeBib. In the hippocampus of rats, we also found MA administration promotes GluN2B, an NMDA receptor subunit, expression, which results in sequential activation of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway, however, MeBib abrogated it. Collectively, we suggest that MeBib prevents the MA seeking response induced by MA administration and therefore, represents a potent candidate as an MA addiction inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonam Jha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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8
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Moreira da Silva Santos A, Gorman AM, Kelly JP, Doyle KM. Time and region-dependent manner of increased brain derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB in rat brain after binge-like methamphetamine exposure. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134606. [PMID: 31693929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a synthetic derivate of amphetamine, has become a major drug of abuse worldwide. This study investigated the effect of binge-like MA dosing (4 x 4 mg/kg, s.c., 2 h (h) apart) at a range of different time points (from 2 h to 7 days after treatment) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and its receptors, TrkB and p75NTR. BDNF levels were significantly increased in the frontal cortex from 2 to 36 h after treatment, returning to normal within 48 h after treatment. In the striatum, BDNF expression was increased at 12 and 24 h after binge-like MA treatment and had returned to normal at 36 h. Increased expression of the TrkB receptor was observed in the frontal cortex at 2, 24 and 48 h after MA treatment and in the striatum at 24 and 48 h after the MA regimen. A significant increase in the p75NTR receptor was also noted in the striatum but not the frontal cortex, and it was less pronounced than the effect on TrkB receptor expression. These findings show that the binge-like regimen of MA affects expression of BDNF and its receptors, particularly the TrkB receptor, in a time and region dependent manner, and highlights the importance of the frontal cortex and the striatum in the response following MA binge-like dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Moreira da Silva Santos
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centro Universitário Unievangélica, Anápolis - GO CEP: 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- School of Natural Sciences and Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen M Doyle
- School of Medicine and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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9
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Struntz KH, Siegel JA. Effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, corticosterone, and hippocampal tyrosine hydroxylase in adolescent and adult mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Nookala AR, Schwartz DC, Chaudhari NS, Glazyrin A, Stephens EB, Berman NEJ, Kumar A. Methamphetamine augment HIV-1 Tat mediated memory deficits by altering the expression of synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:37-51. [PMID: 29729322 PMCID: PMC6003882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is common among individuals infected with HIV-1 and has been shown to affect HIV replication and pathogenesis. These HIV-1 infected individuals also exhibit greater neuronal injury and higher cognitive decline. HIV-1 proteins, specifically gp120 and HIV-1 Tat, have been earlier shown to affect neurocognition. HIV-1 Tat, a viral protein released early during HIV-1 replication, contributes to HIV-associated neurotoxicity through various mechanisms including production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and dysregulation of neuroplasticity. However, the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on neurocognition and its potential effect on neuroplasticity mechanisms remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the combined effect of METH and HIV-1 Tat on behavior and on the expression of neuroplasticity markers by utilizing Doxycycline (DOX)-inducible HIV-1 Tat (1-86) transgenic mice. Expression of Tat in various brain regions of these mice was confirmed by RT-PCR. The mice were administered with an escalating dose of METH (0.1 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg, i.p) over a 7-day period, followed by 6 mg/kg, i.p METH twice a day for four weeks. After three weeks of METH administration, Y maze and Morris water maze assays were performed to determine the effect of Tat and METH on working and spatial memory, respectively. Compared with controls, working memory was significantly decreased in Tat mice that were administered METH. Moreover, significant deficits in spatial memory were also observed in Tat-Tg mice that were administered METH. A significant reduction in the protein expressions of synapsin 1, synaptophysin, Arg3.1, PSD-95, and BDNF in different brain regions were also observed. Expression levels of Calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), a marker of synaptodendritic integrity, were also significantly decreased in HIV-1 Tat mice that were treated with METH. Together, this data suggests that METH enhances HIV-1 Tat-induced memory deficits by reducing the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins and neuroplasticity markers, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms behind neurocognitive impairments in HIV-infected amphetamine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Daniel C. Schwartz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Alexy Glazyrin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Edward B. Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nancy E. J. Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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Jacobskind JS, Rosinger ZJ, Gonzalez T, Zuloaga KL, Zuloaga DG. Chronic Methamphetamine Exposure Attenuates Neural Activation in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis-Associated Brain Regions in a Sex-specific Manner. Neuroscience 2018; 380:132-145. [PMID: 29679646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in methamphetamine (MA) abuse and consequences of MA have been reported with females showing an increased addiction phenotype and withdrawal symptoms. One mechanism through which these effects might occur is via sex-specific alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its associated brain regions. In this study, mice were administered MA (5 mg/kg) or saline for 10 consecutive days. During early withdrawal, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in the open field, light/dark box, and elevated plus maze. At ten days of withdrawal, mice were injected with a final dose of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline. Chronic MA did not alter anxiety-like behaviors or corticosterone responses to a final dose of MA, although females showed elevated corticosterone responses compared to males. Chronic MA attenuated final MA-induced c-Fos in both sexes in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), cingulate cortex, central and basolateral amygdala. In CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas, c-Fos attenuation by chronic MA occurred only in females. Within the PVH, final MA injection increased c-Fos to a greater extent in females compared to males regardless of prior MA exposure. Dual-labeling of c-Fos with glucocorticoid receptor revealed a specific attenuation of neural activation within this cell type in the PVH, central and basolateral amygdala, and BNST. Together these findings demonstrate that chronic MA can suppress subsequent activation of HPA axis-associated brain regions and cell phenotypes. Further, in select regions this reduction is sex-specific. These changes may contribute to reported sex differences in MA abuse patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Jacobskind
- University at Albany, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Zachary J Rosinger
- University at Albany, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Tiffany Gonzalez
- University at Albany, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Albany Medical College, Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Damian G Zuloaga
- University at Albany, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
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12
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Baker EP, Magnuson EC, Dahly AM, Siegel JA. The effects of enriched environment on the behavioral and corticosterone response to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult mice. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:664-673. [PMID: 29738077 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine alters behavior and the stress response system. Relatively little research has examined the effects of methamphetamine in adolescents and compared these effects to those in adults. Housing in enriched environments has been explored as one way to protect against the effects of methamphetamine, but the findings are conflicting and no study has examined how enriched environment may alter the behavioral and corticosterone responses to methamphetamine in adolescent and adult rodents. We examined the long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure on anxiety, social behavior, behavioral despair, and corticosterone levels in adolescent and adult mice housed in enriched or isolated environments. Enriched environment did not alter the behavioral or corticosterone response to methamphetamine. Methamphetamine exposure decreased anxiety and increased behavioral despair in adult mice, but methamphetamine did not alter behavior in adolescent mice. There was no effect of methamphetamine on social behavior or corticosterone levels. Our findings demonstrate that the specific environmental enrichment paradigm used in this study was not sufficient to mitigate the behavioral effects of methamphetamine and that adolescent mice are relatively resistant to the effects of methamphetamine compared to adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Elliott C Magnuson
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ashley M Dahly
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jessica A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Methamphetamine binge administration during late adolescence induced enduring hippocampal cell damage following prolonged withdrawal in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:1-9. [PMID: 29501631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that binge methamphetamine induced hippocampal cell damage (i.e., impaired cell genesis) in rats when administered specifically during late adolescence (postnatal day, PND 54-57) and evaluated 24 h later (PND 58). The results also suggested a possible role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulating cell genesis and survival. This subsequent study evaluated whether these effects persisted in time as measured following prolonged withdrawal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated (i.p.) with BrdU (2 × 50 mg/kg, 3 days, PND 48-50) followed by a binge paradigm (3 pulses/day, every 3 h, 4 days, PND 54-57) of methamphetamine (5 mg/kg, n = 14, M) or saline (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml/kg, n = 12, C). Following 34 days of forced withdrawal (PND 91), rats were killed 45 min after a challenge dose of saline (Sal: C-Sal, n = 6; M-Sal, n = 7) or methamphetamine (Meth: C-Meth, n = 6; M-Meth, n = 7). Neurogenesis markers (Ki-67: cell proliferation; NeuroD: early neuronal survival; BrdU: prolonged cell survival, 41-43 days old cells) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry while neuroplasticity markers (BDNF and Fos forms) were evaluated by Western blot. The main results showed that a history of methamphetamine administration (PND 54-57) induced enduring hippocampal cell damage (i.e., observed on PND 91) by decreasing cell survival (BrdU + cells) and mature-BDNF (m-BDNF) protein content, associated with neuronal survival, growth and differentiation. Interestingly, m-BDNF regulation paralleled hippocampal c-Fos protein content, indicating decreased neuronal activity, and thus reinforcing the persisting negative effects induced by methamphetamine in rat hippocampus following prolonged withdrawal.
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14
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Anderson E, McWaters M, McFadden L, Matuszewich L. Defensive burying as an ethological approach to studying anxiety: Influence of juvenile methamphetamine on adult defensive burying behavior in rats. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Hajheidari S, Sameni HR, Bandegi AR, Miladi-gorji H. Effects of prolonged abstinence from METH on the hippocampal BDNF levels, neuronal numbers and apoptosis in methamphetamine-sensitized rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 645:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:78-85. [PMID: 28089854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure in the developing and adult brain can lead to behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits in adults. Previous increases in the rates of adolescent MA use necessitate that we understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of MA exposure during adolescence on the adolescent brain. Adolescents using MA exhibit high rates of nicotine (NIC) use, but the effects of concurrent MA and NIC in the adolescent brain have not been examined, and it is unknown if NIC mediates any of the effects of MA in the adolescent. In this study, the long-term effects of a neurotoxic dose of MA with or without NIC exposure during early adolescence (postnatal day 30-31) were examined later in adolescence (postnatal day 41-50) in male C57BL/6J mice. Effects on behavioral performance in the open field, Porsolt forced swim test, and conditioned place preference test, and cognitive performance in the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze were assessed. Additionally, the effects of MA and/or NIC on levels of microtubule associated-2 (MAP-2) protein in the nucleus accumbens and plasma corticosterone were examined. MA and NIC exposure during early adolescence separately decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, which was not seen following co-administration of MA/NIC. There was no significant effect of early adolescent MA and/or NIC exposure on the intensity of MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens or on plasma corticosterone levels. These results show that early adolescent MA and NIC exposure separately decrease anxiety-like behavior in the open field, and that concurrent MA and NIC exposure does not induce the same behavioral change as either drug alone.
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17
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Effects of Neonatal Methamphetamine and Stress on Brain Monoamines and Corticosterone in Preweanling Rats. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:269-282. [PMID: 27817108 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to methamphetamine (MA) and developmental chronic stress significantly alter neurodevelopmental profiles that show a variety of long-term physiological and behavioral effects. In the current experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to one of two housing conditions along with MA. Rats were given 0 (saline), 5, or 7.5 mg/kg MA, four times per day from postnatal day (P)11 to 15 or P11 to 20. Half of the litters were reared in cages with standard bedding and half with no bedding. Separate litters were assessed at P15 or P20 for organ weights (adrenals, spleen, thymus); corticosterone; and monoamine assessments (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine) and their metabolites within the neostriatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Findings show neonatal MA altered monoamines, corticosterone, and organ characteristics alone, and as a function of developmental age and stress compared with controls. These alterations may in part be responsible for MA and early life stress-induced long-term learning and memory deficits.
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18
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Rud MA, Do TN, Siegel JA. Effects of early adolescent methamphetamine exposure on anxiety-like behavior and corticosterone levels in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:257-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Comparative effects of amphetamine-like psychostimulants on rat hippocampal cell genesis at different developmental ages. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic and cognitive effects of developmental methamphetamine exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:131-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Ren W, Tao J, Wei Y, Su H, Zhang J, Xie Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhang H, He J. Time-Dependent Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Decline During Methamphetamine Withdrawal. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2604. [PMID: 26844469 PMCID: PMC4748886 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused illegal psychostimulant, which is confirmed to be neurotoxic and of great damage to human. Studies on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human METH addicts are limited and inconsistent. The purposes of this study are to compare the serum BDNF levels between METH addicts and healthy controls during early withdrawal, and explore the changes of serum BDNF levels during the first month after METH withdrawal.179 METH addicts and 90 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. We measured serum BDNF levels at baseline (both METH addicts and healthy controls) and at 1 month after abstinence of METH (METH addicts only).Serum BDNF levels of METH addicts at baseline were significantly higher than controls (1460.28 ± 490.69 vs 1241.27 ± 335.52 pg/mL; F = 14.51, P < 0.001). The serum BDNF levels of 40 METH addicts were re-examined after 1 month of METH abstinence, which were significantly lower than that at baseline (1363.70 ± 580.59 vs 1621.41 ± 591.07 pg/mL; t = 2.26, P = .03), but showed no differences to the controls (1363.70 ± 580.59 vs 1241.27 ± 335.52 pg/mL; F = 2.29, P = 0.13).Our study demonstrated that serum BDNF levels were higher in METH addicts than controls during early withdrawal, and were time dependent decreased during the first month of abstinence. These findings may provide further evidence that increased serum BDNF levels may be associated with the pathophysiology of METH addiction and withdrawal and may be a protective response against the subsequent METH-induced neurotoxicity. Besides, these findings may also promote the development of medicine in the treatment of METH addiction and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Ren
- From the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou (WR, JT, HS, JZ, YX, JH); Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou (YW); Sanyang Detoxification Institute, Wenzhou (JG); Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (XZ); Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (XZ); and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China (HZ)
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22
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Fukushiro DF, Olivera A, Liu Y, Wang Z. Neonatal exposure to amphetamine alters social affiliation and central dopamine activity in adult male prairie voles. Neuroscience 2015; 307:109-16. [PMID: 26321240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a socially monogamous rodent species that forms pair bonds after mating. Recent data have shown that amphetamine (AMPH) is rewarding to prairie voles as it induces conditioned place preferences. Further, repeated treatment with AMPH impairs social bonding in adult prairie voles through a central dopamine (DA)-dependent mechanism. The present study examined the effects of neonatal exposure to AMPH on behavior and central DA activity in adult male prairie voles. Our data show that neonatal exposure to AMPH makes voles less social in an affiliation test during adulthood, but does not affect animals' locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. Neonatal exposure to AMPH also increases the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA transporter (DAT) mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the brain, indicating an increase in central DA activity. As DA has been implicated in AMPH effects on behavioral and cognitive functions, altered DA activity in the vole brain may contribute to the observed changes in social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Fukushiro
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - A Olivera
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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23
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Zuloaga DG, Jacobskind JS, Jacosbskind JS, Raber J. Methamphetamine and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:178. [PMID: 26074755 PMCID: PMC4444766 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (MA) induce significant alterations in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes in HPA axis function are associated with altered stress-related behaviors and might contribute to addictive processes such as relapse. In this mini-review we discuss acute and chronic effects of MA (adult and developmental exposure) on the HPA axis, including effects on HPA axis associated genes/proteins, brain regions, and behaviors such as anxiety and depression. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which MA affects the HPA axis may lead to more effective treatment strategies for MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacob Raber
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Portland, OR, USA ; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Portland, OR, USA
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24
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Abstract
Intrauterine methamphetamine exposure adversely affects the neurofunctional profile of exposed children, leading to a variety of higher order cognitive deficits, such as decreased attention, reduced working-memory capability, behavioral dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments (Kiblawi et al. in J Dev Behav Pediatr 34:31-37, 2013; Piper et al. in Pharmacol Biochem Behav 98:432-439 2011; Roussotte et al. in Neuroimage 54:3067-3075, 2011; Twomey et al. in Am J Orthopsychiatry 83:64-72, 2013). In animal models of developmental methamphetamine, both neuroanatomical and behavioral outcomes critically depend on the timing of methamphetamine administration. Methamphetamine exposure during the third trimester human equivalent period of brain development results in well-defined and persistent wayfinding and spatial navigation deficits in rodents (Vorhees et al. in Neurotoxicol Teratol 27:117-134, 2005, Vorhees et al. in Int J Dev Neurosci 26:599-610, 2008; Vorhees et al. in Int J Dev Neurosci 27:289-298, 2009; Williams et al. in Psychopharmacology (Berl) 168:329-338, 2003b), whereas drug delivery during the first and second trimester equivalents produces no such effect (Acuff-Smith et al. in Neurotoxicol Teratol 18:199-215, 1996; Schutova et al. in Physiol Res 58:741-750, 2009a; Slamberova et al. in Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 380:109-114, 2009, Slamberova et al. in Physiol Res 63:S547-S558, 2014b). In this review, we examine the impact of developmental methamphetamine on emerging neural circuitry, neurotransmission, receptor changes, and behavioral outcomes in animal models. The review is organized by type of effects and timing of drug exposure (prenatal only, pre- and neonatal, and neonatal only). The findings elucidate functional patterns of interconnected brain structures (e.g., frontal cortex and striatum) and neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and serotonin) involved in methamphetamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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25
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Galinato MH, Orio L, Mandyam CD. Methamphetamine differentially affects BDNF and cell death factors in anatomically defined regions of the hippocampus. Neuroscience 2014; 286:97-108. [PMID: 25463524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine exposure reduces hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and neurogenesis and these alterations partially contribute to hippocampal maladaptive plasticity. The potential mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-induced maladaptive plasticity were identified in the present study. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a regulator of LTP and neurogenesis), and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) were studied in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal tissue lysates in rats that intravenously self-administered methamphetamine in a limited access (1h/day) or extended access (6h/day) paradigm for 17days post baseline sessions. Extended access methamphetamine enhanced expression of BDNF with significant effects observed in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Methamphetamine-induced enhancements in BDNF expression were not associated with TrkB receptor activation as indicated by phospho (p)-TrkB-706 levels. Conversely, methamphetamine produced hypophosphorylation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (GluN2B) at Tyr-1472 in the ventral hippocampus, indicating reduced receptor activation. In addition, methamphetamine enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduced pro-apoptotic protein Bax levels in the ventral hippocampus, suggesting a mechanism for reducing cell death. Analysis of Akt, a pro-survival kinase that suppresses apoptotic pathways and pAkt at Ser-473 demonstrated that extended access methamphetamine reduces Akt expression in the ventral hippocampus. These data reveal that alterations in Bcl-2 and Bax levels by methamphetamine were not associated with enhanced Akt expression. Given that hippocampal function and neurogenesis vary in a subregion-specific fashion, where dorsal hippocampus regulates spatial processing and has higher levels of neurogenesis, whereas ventral hippocampus regulates anxiety-related behaviors, these data suggest that methamphetamine self-administration initiates distinct allostatic changes in hippocampal subregions that may contribute to the altered synaptic activity in the hippocampus, which may underlie enhanced negative affective symptoms and perpetuation of the addiction cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Galinato
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - L Orio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C D Mandyam
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA, Stein DJ, Daniels WM. Methamphetamine reversed maternal separation-induced decrease in nerve growth factor in the ventral hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:433-9. [PMID: 24407463 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been suggested to predispose individuals to drug abuse. The early life stress of maternal separation (MS) is known to alter the response to drugs of abuse later in life. Exposure to either stress or methamphetamine has been shown to alter neurotrophic factors in the brain. Changes in neurotrophin levels may contribute to the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drug use- and stress-induced behaviours. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual effects of MS and methamphetamine administration during adolescence and the combined effects of both stressors on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (HC) in adulthood. Methamphetamine administration (1 mg/kg, daily from postnatal day (PND) 33 to 36 and from PND 39 to 42), MS and the combination of the two stressors resulted in decreased BDNF levels in both the dorsal and ventral HC. MS decreased NGF levels in the ventral HC which was restored by methamphetamine administration in adolescence. In the dorsal HC, NGF remained unaltered by either stressor alone or in combination. We propose that the restoration of NGF levels in the ventral HC may reflect a possible compensatory mechanism in response to methamphetamine exposure in adolescence following the early life stress of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dimatelis
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925,
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27
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Joca L, Zuloaga DG, Raber J, Siegel JA. Long-term effects of early adolescent methamphetamine exposure on depression-like behavior and the hypothalamic vasopressin system in mice. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:108-18. [PMID: 24686407 DOI: 10.1159/000360001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) has neurotoxic effects on the adult human brain that can lead to deficits in behavior and cognition. However, relatively little research has examined the behavioral or neurotoxic effects of MA in adolescents. The rising rates of adolescent MA use make it imperative that we understand the long-term effects of MA exposure on the adolescent brain and how these effects may differ from those seen in adults. In this study, the long-term effects of MA exposure during early adolescence on behavior and the vasopressin system in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in late adolescent and adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were examined. MA exposure increased depression-like behavior in the Porsolt forced swim test in both late adolescent and adult male and female mice. Late adolescent male mice exposed to MA also showed a decrease in the number of vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus compared to sex-matched saline-treated controls. Thus, similar to humans exposed to MA during adolescence, mice exposed to MA during adolescence show increased depression-like behavior later in life. These changes in behavior may be related to MA-induced alterations in vasopressin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Joca
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., USA
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28
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Li SX, Yan SY, Bao YP, Lian Z, Qu Z, Wu YP, Liu ZM. Depression and alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in male abstinent methamphetamine abusers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2013; 28:477-83. [PMID: 23913817 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to investigate depression and alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function in methamphetamine (METH) abusers after abstinence. Depression was assessed using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) scale; blood samples from in-patients who were METH abusers and age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were collected. The demographic characteristics and history of METH abuse also was assessed. We found that serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and thyroxine were increased; and serum levels of cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were decreased; and the BDI score was higher in METH abusers compared with control. In addition, there was no correlation between the BDI-13 score and any of hormones of HPA and HPT axis was found. Particularly, we found abnormally higher ACTH level and mismatched with lower cortisol level in abstinent METH abusers. These results indicate that METH abusers and that their HPA and HPT functions are all altered after abstinence. Chronically using METH may destroy the regulatory function of the HPA axis, especially the feedback regulation of cortisol to ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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29
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Zuloaga DG, Siegel JA, Acevedo SF, Agam M, Raber J. Developmental methamphetamine exposure results in short- and long-term alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis-associated proteins. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:338-46. [PMID: 23860125 DOI: 10.1159/000351278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to methamphetamine (MA) causes long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits. One pathway through which MA might induce these deficits is by elevating glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoid overexposure during brain development can lead to long-term disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These disruptions affect the regulation of stress responses and may contribute to behavioral and cognitive deficits reported following developmental MA exposure. Furthermore, alterations in proteins associated with the HPA axis, including vasopressin, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), are correlated with disruptions in mood and cognition. We therefore hypothesized that early MA exposure will result in short- and long-term alterations in the expression of HPA axis-associated proteins. Male mice were treated with MA (5 mg/kg daily) or saline from postnatal day (P) 11 to P20. At P20 and P90, mice were perfused and their brains processed for vasopressin, oxytocin, and GR immunoreactivity within HPA axis-associated regions. At P20, there was a significant decrease in the number of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells and the area occupied by vasopressin immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of MA-treated mice, but no difference in oxytocin immunoreactivity in the PVN, or GR immunoreactivity in the hippocampus or PVN. In the central nucleus of the amygdala, the area occupied by GR immunoreactivity was decreased by MA. At P90, the number of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells was still decreased, but the area occupied by vasopressin immunoreactivity no longer differed from saline controls. No effects of MA were found on oxytocin or GR immunoreactivity at P90. Thus developmental MA exposure has short- and long-term effects on vasopressin immunoreactivity and short-term effects on GR immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian G Zuloaga
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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30
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Neonatal +-methamphetamine exposure in rats alters adult locomotor responses to dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and to a glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, but not to serotonin agonists. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:377-91. [PMID: 22391043 PMCID: PMC4594858 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to (+)-methamphetamine (Meth) results in long-term behavioural abnormalities but its developmental mechanisms are unknown. In a series of experiments, rats were treated from post-natal days (PD) 11-20 (stage that approximates human development from the second to third trimester) with Meth or saline and assessed using locomotor activity as the readout following pharmacological challenge doses with dopamine, serotonin and glutamate agonists or antagonists during adulthood. Exposure to Meth early in life resulted in an exaggerated adult locomotor hyperactivity response to the dopamine D1 agonist SKF-82958 at multiple doses, a high dose only under-response activating effect of the D2 agonist quinpirole, and an exaggerated under-response to the activating effect of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801. No change in locomotor response was seen following challenge with the 5-HT releaser p-chloroamphetamine or the 5-HT2/3 receptor agonist, quipazine. These are the first data to show that PD 11-20 Meth exposure induces long-lasting alterations to dopamine D1, D2 and glutamate NMDA receptor function and may suggest how developmental Meth exposure leads to many of its long-term adverse effects.
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31
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Heinzerling KG, Shoptaw S. Gender, brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met, and frequency of methamphetamine use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:112-20. [PMID: 22445683 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequency of pretreatment methamphetamine (MA) use is an important predictor of outcomes of treatment for MA dependence. Preclinical studies suggest females self-administer more MA than males, but few clinical studies have examined potential sex differences in the frequency of MA use. Estrogen increases expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has effects on MA-induced striatal dopamine release and protects against MA-induced neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE We examined potential effects of sex, the Val66Met polymorphism in BDNF, and their interaction on frequency of MA use among 60 Caucasian MA-dependent volunteers screening for a clinical trial. METHODS Data was taken from 60 Caucasian MA-dependent volunteers screening for a clinical trial. RESULTS Females reported significantly more pretreatment days with MA use in the past 30 days than males. There was a significant interaction between sex and BDNF Val66Met, with the highest frequency of MA use among females with Val/Val genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results, although preliminary, add to the literature documenting sexual dimorphism in response to stimulants, including MA, and suggest a potential biological mechanism involving BDNF that might contribute to these differences. Additional research characterizing the biological basis of altered response to MA among females is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Heinzerling
- Department of Family Medicine and Substance Abuse Pharmacotherapy Unit, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Schaefer TL, Grace CE, Skelton MR, Graham DL, Gudelsky GA, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Neonatal citalopram treatment inhibits the 5-HT depleting effects of MDMA exposure in rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:12-21. [PMID: 22582138 DOI: 10.1021/cn2000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produces long-term learning and memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior. The mechanism underlying these behavioral changes is unknown but we hypothesized that it involves perturbations to the serotonergic system as this is the principle mode of action of MDMA in the adult brain. During development 5-HT is a neurotrophic factor involved in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, migration, and target region specification. We have previously showed that MDMA exposure (4×10 mg/kg/day) from P11-20 (analogous to human third trimester exposure) induces ~50% decreases in hippocampal 5-HT throughout treatment. To determine whether MDMA-induced 5-HT changes are determinative, we tested if these changes could be prevented by treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram: CIT). In a series of experiments we evaluated the effects of different doses and dose regimens of CIT on MDMA-induced 5-HT depletions in three brain regions (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and neostriatum) at three time-points (P12, P16, P21) during the treatment interval (P11-20) known to induce behavioral alterations when animals are tested as adults. We found that 5 mg/kg CIT administered twice daily significantly attenuated MDMA-induced 5-HT depletions in all three regions at all three ages but that the protection was not complete at all ages. Striatal dopamine was unaffected. We also found increases in hippocampal NGF and plasma corticosterone following MDMA treatment on P16 and P21, respectively. No changes in BDNF were observed. CIT treatment may be a useful means of interfering with MDMA-induced 5-HT reductions and thus permit tests of the hypothesis that the drug's cognitive and/or anxiety effects are mediated through early disruptions to 5-HT dependent developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori L. Schaefer
- Division of Neurology, Department
of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, United States
| | - Curtis E. Grace
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United
States
| | - Matthew R. Skelton
- Division of Neurology, Department
of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, United States
| | - Devon L. Graham
- Vanderbilt University College of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 32732, United
States
| | - Gary A. Gudelsky
- James L. Winkle
College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0004, United States
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Department
of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, United States
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Division of Neurology, Department
of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, United States
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Ewa B, Beata L, Ilona K, Dariusz Ś, Janusz M. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of juvenile and middle‐aged rats after chronic stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 30:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Badowska‐Szalewska Ewa
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyMedical University of Gdańskul. Dębinki 180‐211GdańskPoland
| | - Ludkiewicz Beata
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyMedical University of Gdańskul. Dębinki 180‐211GdańskPoland
| | - Klejbor Ilona
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyMedical University of Gdańskul. Dębinki 180‐211GdańskPoland
| | - Świetlik Dariusz
- Faculty of Medical Informatics and BiostatisticsMedical University of Gdańskul. Dębinki 180‐211GdańskPoland
| | - Moryś Janusz
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyMedical University of Gdańskul. Dębinki 180‐211GdańskPoland
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Badowska-Szalewska E, Spodnik E, Ludkiewicz B, Klejbor I, Moryś J. Nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactive neurons in the juvenile rat hippocampus: response to acute and long-term high-light open-field (HL-OF) or forced swim (FS) stress stimulation. Neuroscience 2011; 199:491-500. [PMID: 22027234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at examining and comparing the influence of two different stress stimuli on the density (number of cells/mm²) of nerve growth factor (NGF) containing neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers and the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell layer in juvenile rats (P28; P-postnatal day). The high-light open-field (HL-OF) test and forced swim (FS) test were employed to investigate the effects of a single, 15-min acute exposure and repeated (15 min daily for 21 days) long-term exposure to stress. In order to detect NGF-ir neurons, immunohistochemical (-ir) techniques were used. In comparison with nonstressed animals, acute and long-term HL-OF or FS stimulation resulted in a marked increase (P<0.001) in the density of NGF-ir containing cells in all the hippocampal structures. The frequency of stress application (acute vs. long-term), however, did not have a substantial impact on the studied parameter, with the exception of the CA3 sector, where a decreased density (P<0.001) of NGF-ir neurons was observed after long-term exposure to FS. It may be concluded that a rise in the density of NGF-ir neurons in the juvenile rat hippocampus after exposure to HL-OF or FS stressors could have affected the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) stress axis. Prolonged HL-OF or FS stress was probably aggravating enough not to trigger the habituation process. The type of stressor applied (HL-OF vs. FS) was not essentially a factor determining the density of NGF-ir cells in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Badowska-Szalewska
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Šlamberová R, Schutová B, Hrubá L, Pometlová M. Does prenatal methamphetamine exposure affect the drug-seeking behavior of adult male rats? Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mendelson J, Baggott MJ, Flower K, Galloway G. Developing biomarkers for methamphetamine addiction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9:100-3. [PMID: 21886571 PMCID: PMC3137160 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795017128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are an estimated 11.7 million methamphetamine (MA) abusers in the United States and epidemics of MA addiction are occurring worldwide. In our human laboratory and outpatient clinical trials we use innovative methods to quantify the severity of MA addiction and test biomarkers that may predict response to therapy or risk of relapse. One potential biomarker of addiction is the quantity of abused drug intake. Qualitative urinalysis is used in clinical trials and during treatment but provides only a binary outcome measure of abuse. Using non-pharmacologic doses of deuterium labeled l-MA we have developed a continuous quantitative measure to estimate the bioavailable amount of MA addicts ingest. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor is a neurotrophin that encourages growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses. Low BDNF levels are seen in many addictive disorders and BDNF is elevated in recovering MA addicts, suggesting BDNF may be a marker of MA addiction. We are investigating the effects of controlled doses of MA on BDNF levels and gene regulation and measuring BDNF in our clinical trials. We believe both patients and clinical researches will benefit from the addition of new, objective and quantifiable outcome measures that reflect disease severity and recovery from addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mendelson
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, St Luke's Hospital 3555 Cesar Chavez San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
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Grace CE, Schaefer TL, Herring NR, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of neonatal methamphetamine treatment on adult stress-induced corticosterone release in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2011; 34:136-42. [PMID: 21856413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In rats, neonatal (+)-methamphetamine (MA) exposure and maternal separation stress increase corticosterone during treatment and result in learning and memory impairments later in life. Early-life stress also changes later responses to acute stress. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal MA exposure would alter adult corticosterone after acute stress or MA challenge. Rats were treated with MA (10 mg/kg × 4/day), saline, or handling on postnatal (P) days 11-15 or 11-20 (days that lead to learning and memory impairments at this dose). As adults, corticosterone was measured before and after 15 min forced swim (FS) or 15 min forced confinement (FC), counterbalanced, and after an acute MA challenge (10 mg/kg) given last. FS increased corticosterone more than FC; order and stress type interacted but did not interact with treatment; treatment interacted with FS but not with FC. In the P11-15 regimen, MA-treated rats showed more rapid increases in corticosterone after FS than controls. In the P11-20 regimen, MA-treated rats showed a trend toward more rapid decrease in corticosterone after FS. No differences were found after MA challenge. The data do not support the hypothesis that neonatal MA causes changes in adult stress responsiveness to FS, FC, or an acute MA challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis E Grace
- Division of Neurology, Dept. of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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Braun AA, Herring NR, Schaefer TL, Hemmerle AM, Dickerson JW, Seroogy KB, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Neurotoxic (+)-methamphetamine treatment in rats increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B expression in multiple brain regions. Neuroscience 2011; 184:164-71. [PMID: 21453757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is an abused stimulant which can result in cognitive deficits and monoamine depletions. Animal models of neurotoxic MA exposure show reductions in dopamine, serotonin, and their associated transporters. MA abuse can result in long-term attention, working memory, and executive function deficits in humans and deficits in route-based egocentric learning, novel object recognition, and novel odor preference in rodents. MA has also been shown to affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans and rodents. This experiment examined the effects of a MA binge dosing regimen (10 mg/kg x 4 at 2 h intervals, s.c.) in Sprague-Dawley rats on BDNF, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression, and plasma corticosterone. Tissues were collected 1, 7, and 24 h following the last MA dose. Expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA was analyzed using in situ hybridization with cRNA probes. Frontal, parietal, and entorhinal cortical BDNF mRNA expression were increased by MA exposure at all time-points. Increases in BDNF mRNA were also seen in the hippocampal CA1, prefrontal cortex (PFC), piriform cortex, and locus coeruleus but only at specific times. TrkB mRNA expression was modified in several subregions of the hippocampus as well as in PFC and striatum. TH mRNA was increased at the 1 h time-point in the substantia nigra pars compacta with no differences noted at the other times. Corticosterone levels were increased at all three time-points. The findings suggest that BDNF and its receptor may be upregulated as a compensatory mechanism after MA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Braun
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Badowska-Szalewska E, Spodnik E, Klejbor I, Ludkiewicz B, Moryś J. Do two models of acute and chronic stress stimulation influence the amount of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA in the hippocampal neurons of middle aged rats? Brain Res 2011; 1384:97-109. [PMID: 21303670 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the influence of two different stressors: acute (once for 15 min) and chronic (15 min daily for 21 days) exposure to high light open field (HL-OF) or forced swim (FS) on the density of nerve growth factor (NGF) and tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers and dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell layer in middle aged (360 days old; P360; P, postnatal day) rats. In contrast to non-stressed animals, acute HL-OF stimulation resulted in an increase (p<0.001) in the density of NGF-ir cells in CA1, CA3, DG, whereas chronic HL-OF produced no changes in all hippocampal regions. The rats which underwent acute and chronic FS tests showed no statistically significant differences in the density of NGF-ir containing cells in the CA1, CA3, and DG subfields compared with control rats. Except for DG, where after 21 days of FS the density of TrkA-ir neurons was found to increase (p<0.05) in comparison to unstressed rats, no changes were noted in the density of TrkA-ir in the studied hippocampal structures as a result of acute and chronic HL-OF or FS exposure. These results indicate that acute HL-OF stress stimulation was the only factor inducing changes in the density of NGF-ir containing neurons in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG of middle aged rats. In respect of the density of NGF-ir and TrkA-ir cells in the hippocampal structures, prolonged exposure to HL-OF or FS stressors did not constitute an aggravating factor for rats in the studied ontogenetic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Badowska-Szalewska
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 St., 80–211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Schaefer TL, Grace CE, Gudelsky GA, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Effects on plasma corticosterone levels and brain serotonin from interference with methamphetamine-induced corticosterone release in neonatal rats. Stress 2010; 13:469-80. [PMID: 20666642 DOI: 10.3109/10253891003786407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) induces multiple effects in rats including alterations to corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This effect is age dependent showing a U-shaped function similar to that of other stressors during the stress hyporesponsive period. Neonatal MA treatment leads to adult learning and memory impairments, but whether these are related to MA-induced CORT release is unknown. Here in, four methods were tested in neonatal rats previously established in adult rats for inhibiting stress-induced CORT release: inhibiting synthesis (metyrapone (MET) or ketoconazole (KTZ)) or surgically by adrenalectomy or adrenal autotransplantation (ADXA). Pretreatment on postnatal day 11 with MET or KTZ prior to four doses of 10 mg/kg of MA initially suppressed MA-induced increases in plasma CORT, but 24 h later, even with additional inhibitor treatment, a large CORT increase was seen which exceeded that of MA alone. Adrenalectomy blocked MA-induced increases in CORT but caused a secondary effect on brain serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), causing greater reductions than those caused by MA alone. ADXA inhibited MA-induced CORT release without causing a 24-h CORT increase and did not produce additional effects on brain 5-HT or DA. Neonatal ADXA is a new model for developmental drug or stress experiments designed to test the role of CORT in mediating early effects on later outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Schaefer
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
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King G, Alicata D, Cloak C, Chang L. Psychiatric symptoms and HPA axis function in adolescent methamphetamine users. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:582-91. [PMID: 20358305 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused drug. However, little is known about the effects of chronic METH consumption on HPA axis function and psychiatric symptomatology in adolescent METH users. The current study evaluated psychiatric symptoms and changes in the stress response of adolescent METH users. Forty-one adolescent METH users and 75 comparison subjects in the same age range (ages 12-23 years) were recruited. Each subject completed the Symptom Checklist-90R (SCL-90) and was evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. In addition, the subjects completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and had salivary cortisol levels measured 30 min before, immediately after, and 60 min after the TSST. Adolescent METH users showed greater severity of symptoms across all measures of the SCL-90. Younger female METH users had the most symptoms. Furthermore, the METH users exhibited significantly enhanced cortisol levels immediately following the TSST (+31%, p = 0.03). Adolescent METH use is associated with greater psychiatric symptoms and enhanced cortisol secretion following a social stressor, particularly in younger female METH users. The psychiatric symptoms may reflect altered prefrontal cortical function resulting from chronic stress/drug use and the resulting glucocorticoid exposure. The results further suggest that treatment approaches should focus on stress-coping strategies to decrease the probability of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- George King
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96812, USA.
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Effects of inhibiting neonatal methamphetamine-induced corticosterone release in rats by adrenal autotransplantation on later learning, memory, and plasma corticosterone levels. Int J Dev Neurosci 2010; 28:331-42. [PMID: 20184951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neonatal rat methamphetamine (MA) exposure has been shown to cause long-term behavioral impairments similar to some of those observed following neonatal stress. The mechanism by which MA induces impairments is unknown but may be related to early increases in corticosterone release. We previously developed a method to attenuate MA-induced corticosterone release using adrenal autotransplantation (ADXA) in neonatal rats. This exposure period corresponds to the second-half of human pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether inhibition of neonatal MA-induced increases in corticosterone attenuates the long-term behavioral deficits associated with early MA treatment. RESULTS ADXA successfully attenuated MA-induced plasma corticosterone increases by approximately 50% during treatment (P11-20) but did not attenuate the long-term behavioral effects of MA treatment. MA-treated rats, regardless of surgery, showed increased errors and latencies in the Cincinnati water maze test of egocentric learning and increased latency, path length, and cumulative distance in three phases of Morris water maze spatial learning and reference memory. MA-treated offspring were hypoactive, had subtle reductions in anxiety in the elevated zero maze but not in the light-dark test. ADXA had no effect on MA-induced long-term 5-HT reductions in the neostriatum or entorhinal cortex or on 5-HIAA reductions in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Fifty percent attenuation of neonatal MA-induced elevations in corticosterone does not alter the long-term egocentric or allocentric learning deficits or other behavioral effects of neonatal MA exposure. Because the ADXA effect was partial, the data cannot rule out the possibility that a more complete block of MA-induced corticosterone release might not prevent later cognitive deficits.
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Neonatal methamphetamine-induced corticosterone release in rats is inhibited by adrenal autotransplantation without altering the effect of the drug on hippocampal serotonin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:356-61. [PMID: 20153424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rat neonatal methamphetamine exposure results in corticosterone release and learning and memory impairments in later life; effects also observed after neonatal stress. Previous attempts to test the role of corticosterone release after methamphetamine using corticosterone inhibitors were unsuccessful and adrenalectomy caused reductions in hippocampal serotonin greater than those caused by methamphetamine alone. Here we tested whether adrenal autotransplantation could be used to attenuate methamphetamine-induced corticosterone release without also altering the effects of the drug on serotonin. Adrenal autotransplantation surgery occurred on postnatal day 9 followed by methamphetamine or saline treatment from postnatal day 11-20 (10mg/kg/dosex4/day). Plasma corticosterone and hippocampal serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined 30min following the first treatment on each day between postnatal days 11-20. Adrenal autotransplantation attenuated neonatal methamphetamine-induced corticosterone release by approximately 70% initially, approximately 55% midway through treatment, and approximately 25% by the end of treatment. Methamphetamine reduced serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the hippocampus in the ADXA rats to the same degree as in SHAM rats. The data show that neonatal adrenal autotransplantation is an effective method for partially reducing treatment-induced corticosterone release while providing sufficient corticosterone to sustain normal growth and development. The method should be applicable to other models of developmental stress/corticosterone release.
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Tomita M, Okuyama T, Nata M, Katsuyama H, Hidaka K, Watanabe Y, Otsuki T, Moriya F, Ishizu H. Methamphetamine protects against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 Suppl 1:S437-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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