1
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Szabo B. Presynaptic Adrenoceptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38755350 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors are localized on axon terminals of many noradrenergic and non-noradrenergic neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Their activation by exogenous agonists leads to inhibition of the exocytotic release of noradrenaline and other transmitters from the neurons. Most often, the α2A-receptor subtype is involved in this inhibition. The chain of molecular events between receptor occupation and inhibition of the exocytotic release of transmitters has been determined. Physiologically released endogenous noradrenaline elicits retrograde autoinhibition of its own release. Some clonidine-like α2-receptor agonists have been used to treat hypertension. Dexmedetomidine is used for prolonged sedation in the intensive care; It also has a strong analgesic effect. The α2-receptor antagonist mirtazapine increases the noradrenaline concentration in the synaptic cleft by interrupting physiological autoinhibion of release. It belongs to the most effective antidepressive drugs. β2-Adrenoceptors are also localized on axon terminals in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Their activation leads to enhanced transmitter release, however, they are not activated by endogenous adrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Szabo
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Fan X, Song J, Ma C, Lv Y, Wang F, Ma L, Liu X. Noradrenergic signaling mediates cortical early tagging and storage of remote memory. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7623. [PMID: 36494350 PMCID: PMC9734098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neocortical prefrontal memory engram generated during initial learning is critical for remote episodic memory storage, however, the nature of early cortical tagging remains unknown. Here we found that in mice, increased norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during contextual fear conditioning (CFC) was critical for engram tagging and remote memory storage, which was regulated by the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey. β-Blocker infusion, or knockout of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) in the mPFC, impaired the storage of remote CFC memory, which could not be rescued by activation of LC-mPFC NE projection. Remote memory retrieval induced the activation of mPFC engram cells that were tagged during CFC. Inhibition of LC-mPFC NE projection or β1-AR knockout impaired mPFC engram tagging. Juvenile mice had fewer LC NE neurons than adults and showed deficiency in mPFC engram tagging and remote memory of CFC. Activation of β1-AR signaling promoted mPFC early tagging and remote memory storage in juvenile mice. Our data demonstrate that activation of LC NEergic signaling during CFC memory encoding mediates engram early tagging in the mPFC and systems consolidation of remote memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Fan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiachen Song
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chaonan Ma
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanbo Lv
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Feifei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lan Ma
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xing Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Pharmacology Research Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Addiction Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai, 200032 China
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3
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Slater C, Liu Y, Weiss E, Yu K, Wang Q. The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:890. [PMID: 35884697 PMCID: PMC9320657 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the contribution of each system to the diversity of neural computation in the central nervous system. Decades of work has shown that a diverse family of receptors, stratified across different brain regions, and circuit-specific afferent and efferent projections play a critical role in helping such widespread neuromodulatory systems obtain substantial heterogeneity in neural information processing. This review briefly discusses the anatomical layout of both the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, as well as the types and distributions of relevant receptors for each system. Previous work characterizing the direct and indirect interaction between these two systems is discussed, especially in the context of higher order cognitive functions such as attention, learning, and the decision-making process. Though a substantial amount of work has been done to characterize the role of each neuromodulator, a cohesive understanding of the region-specific cooperation of these two systems is not yet fully realized. For the field to progress, new experiments will need to be conducted that capitalize on the modular subdivisions of the brain and systematically explore the role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in each of these subunits and across the full range of receptors expressed in different cell types in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Evan Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
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Cheng YJ, Lin CH, Lane HY. Involvement of Cholinergic, Adrenergic, and Glutamatergic Network Modulation with Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2283. [PMID: 33668976 PMCID: PMC7956475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The number of AD cases has been rapidly growing worldwide. Several the related etiological hypotheses include atypical amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins inside neurons, disturbed neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. During AD progression, aberrations in neurotransmission cause cognitive decline-the main symptom of AD. Here, we review the aberrant neurotransmission systems, including cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic network, and the interactions among these systems as they pertain to AD. We also discuss the key role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in AD-associated cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we summarize the results of recent studies indicating that increasing glutamatergic neurotransmission through the alteration of NMDARs shows potential for treating cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment or early stage AD. Future studies on the long-term efficiency of NMDA-enhancing strategies in the treatment of AD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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5
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Lee M, Mueller A, Moore T. Differences in Noradrenaline Receptor Expression Across Different Neuronal Subtypes in Macaque Frontal Eye Field. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:574130. [PMID: 33328901 PMCID: PMC7732642 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.574130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functions such as attention and working memory are modulated by noradrenaline receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The frontal eye field (FEF) has been shown to play an important role in visual spatial attention. However, little is known about the underlying circuitry. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of noradrenaline receptors on different pyramidal neuron and inhibitory interneuron subtypes in macaque FEF. Using immunofluorescence, we found broad expression of noradrenaline receptors across all layers of the FEF. Differences in the expression of different noradrenaline receptors were observed across different inhibitory interneuron subtypes. No significant differences were observed in the expression of noradrenaline receptors across different pyramidal neuron subtypes. However, we found that putative long-range projecting pyramidal neurons expressed all noradrenaline receptor subtypes at a much higher proportion than any of the other neuronal subtypes. Nearly all long-range projecting pyramidal neurons expressed all types of noradrenaline receptor, suggesting that there is no receptor-specific machinery acting on these long-range projecting pyramidal neurons. This pattern of expression among long-range projecting pyramidal neurons suggests a mechanism by which noradrenergic modulation of FEF activity influences attention and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne Mueller
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tirin Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Neurotransmission, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581098. [PMID: 33117176 PMCID: PMC7553051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-adrenergic receptors are G-Protein Coupled Receptors that are involved in neurotransmission and regulate the sympathetic nervous system through binding and activating the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, and the neurohormone, epinephrine. There are three α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D) that are known to play various roles in neurotransmission and cognition. They are related to two other adrenergic receptor families that also bind norepinephrine and epinephrine, the β- and α2-, each with three subtypes (β1, β2, β3, α2A, α2B, α2C). Previous studies assessing the roles of α1-adrenergic receptors in neurotransmission and cognition have been inconsistent. This was due to the use of poorly-selective ligands and many of these studies were published before the characterization of the cloned receptor subtypes and the subsequent development of animal models. With the availability of more-selective ligands and the development of animal models, a clearer picture of their role in cognition and neurotransmission can be assessed. In this review, we highlight the significant role that the α1-adrenergic receptor plays in regulating synaptic efficacy, both short and long-term synaptic plasticity, and its regulation of different types of memory. We will also present evidence that the α1-adrenergic receptors, and particularly the α1A-adrenergic receptor subtype, are a potentially good target to treat a wide variety of neurological conditions with diminished cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Abstract
Background: The roles of neuromodulation in a neural network, such as in a cortical microcolumn, are still incompletely understood. Neuromodulation influences neural processing by presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of synaptic efficacy. Neuromodulation also affects ion channels and intrinsic excitability. Methods: Synaptic efficacy modulation is an effective way to rapidly alter network density and topology. We alter network topology and density to measure the effect on spike synchronization. We also operate with differently parameterized neuron models which alter the neuron's intrinsic excitability, i.e., activation function. Results: We find that (a) fast synaptic efficacy modulation influences the amount of correlated spiking in a network. Also, (b) synchronization in a network influences the read-out of intrinsic properties. Highly synchronous input drives neurons, such that differences in intrinsic properties disappear, while asynchronous input lets intrinsic properties determine output behavior. Thus, altering network topology can alter the balance between intrinsically vs. synaptically driven network activity. Conclusion: We conclude that neuromodulation may allow a network to shift between a more synchronized transmission mode and a more asynchronous intrinsic read-out mode. This has significant implications for our understanding of the flexibility of cortical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Scheler
- Carl Correns Foundation for Mathematical Biology, Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA
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8
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Abstract
Background: The roles of neuromodulation in a neural network, such as in a cortical microcolumn, are still incompletely understood. Neuromodulation influences neural processing by presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of synaptic efficacy. Neuromodulation also affects ion channels and intrinsic excitability. Methods: Synaptic efficacy modulation is an effective way to rapidly alter network density and topology. We alter network topology and density to measure the effect on spike synchronization. We also operate with differently parameterized neuron models which alter the neuron's intrinsic excitability, i.e., activation function. Results: We find that (a) fast synaptic efficacy modulation influences the amount of correlated spiking in a network. Also, (b) synchronization in a network influences the read-out of intrinsic properties. Highly synchronous input drives neurons, such that differences in intrinsic properties disappear, while asynchronous input lets intrinsic properties determine output behavior. Thus, altering network topology can alter the balance between intrinsically vs. synaptically driven network activity. Conclusion: We conclude that neuromodulation may allow a network to shift between a more synchronized transmission mode and a more asynchronous intrinsic read-out mode. This has significant implications for our understanding of the flexibility of cortical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Scheler
- Carl Correns Foundation for Mathematical Biology, Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA
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Choy JMC, Agahari FA, Li L, Stricker C. Noradrenaline Increases mEPSC Frequency in Pyramidal Cells in Layer II of Rat Barrel Cortex via Calcium Release From Presynaptic Stores. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:213. [PMID: 30100867 PMCID: PMC6072855 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory cortex is innervated by afferents originating from the locus coeruleus which typically release noradrenaline. We tested if activation of presynaptic α1-adrenoceptors (AR) coupled to a Gq-mediated signaling cascade resulted in calcium (Ca2+) release from stores and thereby increased spontaneous transmitter release in rat barrel cortex. Adding 1–100 μM noradrenaline (NA) or 5 μM cirazoline (CO), a α1-AR specific agonist, to the standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) by 64 ± 7% in 51% of pyramidal cells in layer II (responders) with no effect on the amplitude. In 42 responders, the mEPSC frequency during control was significantly smaller (39 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 4 Hz) and upon NA exposure, the input resistance (Rin) decreased (9 ± 7%) compared to non-responders. Experiments using CO and the antagonist prazosin revealed that NA acted via binding to α1-ARs, which was further corroborated by simultaneously blocking β- and α2-ARs with propranolol and yohimbine, which did not prevent the increase in mEPSC frequency. To verify elements in the signaling cascade, both the phospholipase C inhibitor edelfosine and the membrane permeable IP3 receptor blocker 2-APB averted the increase in mEPSC frequency. Likewise, emptying Ca2+ stores with cyclopiazonic acid or the chelation of intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM prevented the frequency increase, suggesting that the frequency increase was caused by presynaptic store release. When group I metabotropic glutamate receptors were activated with DHPG, co-application of NA occluded a further frequency increase suggesting that the two receptor activations may not signal independently of each other. The increased mEPSC frequency in a subset of pyramidal cells results in enhanced synaptic noise, which, together with the reduction in Rin, will affect computation in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M C Choy
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fransiscus A Agahari
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Li Li
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Christian Stricker
- Neuronal Network Laboratory, Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Grzelka K, Kurowski P, Gawlak M, Szulczyk P. Noradrenaline Modulates the Membrane Potential and Holding Current of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons via β 1-Adrenergic Receptors and HCN Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:341. [PMID: 29209170 PMCID: PMC5701640 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives dense noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus. Adrenergic innervation of mPFC pyramidal neurons plays an essential role in both physiology (control of memory formation, attention, working memory, and cognitive behavior) and pathophysiology (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, cognitive deterioration after traumatic brain injury, behavioral changes related to addiction, Alzheimer's disease and depression). The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for adrenergic receptor-mediated control of the resting membrane potential in layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons. The membrane potential or holding current of synaptically isolated layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons was recorded in perforated-patch and classical whole-cell configurations in slices from young rats. Application of noradrenaline (NA), a neurotransmitter with affinity for all types of adrenergic receptors, evoked depolarization or inward current in the tested neurons irrespective of whether the recordings were performed in the perforated-patch or classical whole-cell configuration. The effect of noradrenaline depended on β1- and not α1- or α2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Activation of β1-adrenergic receptors led to an increase in inward Na+ current through hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which carry a mixed Na+/K+ current. The protein kinase A- and C-, glycogen synthase kinase-3β- and tyrosine kinase-linked signaling pathways were not involved in the signal transduction between β1-adrenergic receptors and HCN channels. The transduction system operated in a membrane-delimited fashion and involved the βγ subunit of G-protein. Thus, noradrenaline controls the resting membrane potential and holding current in mPFC pyramidal neurons through β1-adrenergic receptors, which in turn activate HCN channels via a signaling pathway involving the βγ subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzelka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Paweł Szulczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ghasemi M, Phillips C, Fahimi A, McNerney MW, Salehi A. Mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of NMDA receptor modulators in mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:555-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:164-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Luo F, Zheng J, Sun X, Tang H. Inward rectifier K+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channel contribute to enhancement of GABAergic transmission induced by β1-adrenoceptor in the prefrontal cortex. Exp Neurol 2017; 288:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Glasgow J, Koshman Y, Samarel AM, Tseng KY, Scrogin K. Myocardial infarction sensitizes medial prefrontal cortex to inhibitory effect of locus coeruleus stimulation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2581-92. [PMID: 27150078 PMCID: PMC5715661 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Anxiety is a common comorbidity that develops after myocardial infarction and is now an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. OBJECTIVE Here, we assessed anxiety and mapped neural activity of forebrain regions that regulate anxiety in a rat model of myocardial infarction in order to identify sites of dysregulation. METHODS Anxiety responses to novel (open field) or aversive stimuli (discriminative auditory fear conditioning) were assessed in rats subjected to coronary artery ligation (CAL) or sham ligation. Forebrain metabolic activity was measured by cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry. Changes in CO activity and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias were also assessed during modulation of fear circuitry induced by electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus. RESULTS Coronary artery ligation had negligible effects on open-field behavior, but increased expression of learned fear and impaired fear cue discrimination. Cytochrome oxidase activity was increased in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the lateral amygdala after CAL. Locus coeruleus stimulation reduced CO activity in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex only in rats subjected to CAL. Stimulation of the LC also elicited new ventricular arrhythmias in rats subjected to CAL. CONCLUSION Coronary artery ligation sensitizes the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex to the inhibitory effects of locus coeruleus stimulation. Suppression of infralimbic medial prefrontal cortical activity may impair the ability of rats subjected to CAL to discriminate between cues that signal aversive and neutral events which, in turn, may promote excessive sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system in response to innocuous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee Glasgow
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Koshman
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Allen M Samarel
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kuei Y Tseng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karie Scrogin
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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15
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Terakado M. Adrenergic regulation of GABA release from presynaptic terminals in rat cerebral cortex. J Oral Sci 2016; 56:49-57. [PMID: 24739708 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.56.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol have opposite effects on evoked EPSPs (eEPSPs) in the cerebral cortex. The suppressive effects of phenylephrine on eEPSPs are mediated by modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors, whereas enhancement of eEPSPs by isoproterenol is due to facilitation of glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. The present study used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from layer V pyramidal neurons in visuocortical slice preparations to assess the effects of phenylephrine and isoproterenol on the release probability of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The present study recorded evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (eIPSCs) by repetitive electrical stimulation (duration, 100 μs; 10 stimuli at 33 Hz) and miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs). The effects of phenylephrine (100 μM) depended on the amplitude of eIPSCs: phenylephrine decreased the paired-pulse ratios (PPRs) of eIPSCs with smaller amplitudes (<~600 pA) but increased PPRs of eIPSCs with larger amplitude. Phenylephrine also exhibited amplitude-dependent modulation of mIPSCs, i.e., an increase in the frequency of smaller mIPSC events (<~20 pA) and a decrease in the frequency of larger events. These findings suggest that α1-adrenoceptor activation facilitates GABA release from a subpopulation of GABAergic terminals that induce smaller-amplitude IPSCs in postsynaptic neurons. In contrast, isoproterenol (100 μM) consistently decreased the PPR of eIPSCs and increased the frequency of mIPSCs, suggesting that presynaptic β-adrenoceptors increase release probability from most GABAergic terminals. The complexity of adrenoceptor modulations in GABAergic synaptic transmission by α1-adrenoceptor and β-adrenoceptor activation may be due to the presence of pleiotropic subtypes of GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex.
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Norepinephrine versus dopamine and their interaction in modulating synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 2016; 1641:217-33. [PMID: 26790349 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful players in working memory and attention. Perturbation of either NE or DA signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Although the precise mechanisms employed by NE and DA to cooperatively control prefrontal functions are not fully understood, emerging research indicates that both transmitters regulate electrical and biochemical aspects of neuronal function by modulating convergent ionic and synaptic signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This review summarizes previous studies that investigated the effects of both NE and DA on excitatory and inhibitory transmissions in the prefrontal cortical circuitry. Specifically, we focus on the functional interaction between NE and DA in prefrontal cortical local circuitry, synaptic integration, signaling pathways, and receptor properties. Although it is clear that both NE and DA innervate the PFC extensively and modulate synaptic function by activating distinctly different receptor subtypes and signaling pathways, it remains unclear how these two systems coordinate their actions to optimize PFC function for appropriate behavior. Throughout this review, we provide perspectives and highlight several critical topics for future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Noradrenergic System.
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Köles L, Kató E, Hanuska A, Zádori ZS, Al-Khrasani M, Zelles T, Rubini P, Illes P. Modulation of excitatory neurotransmission by neuronal/glial signalling molecules: interplay between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:1-24. [PMID: 26542977 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), released both from neurons and glial cells. Acting via ionotropic (NMDA, AMPA, kainate) and metabotropic glutamate receptors, it is critically involved in essential regulatory functions. Disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission can be detected in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. This paper summarizes the present knowledge on the modulation of glutamate-mediated responses in the CNS. Emphasis will be put on NMDA receptor channels, which are essential executive and integrative elements of the glutamatergic system. This receptor is crucial for proper functioning of neuronal circuits; its hypofunction or overactivation can result in neuronal disturbances and neurotoxicity. Somewhat surprisingly, NMDA receptors are not widely targeted by pharmacotherapy in clinics; their robust activation or inhibition seems to be desirable only in exceptional cases. However, their fine-tuning might provide a promising manipulation to optimize the activity of the glutamatergic system and to restore proper CNS function. This orchestration utilizes several neuromodulators. Besides the classical ones such as dopamine, novel candidates emerged in the last two decades. The purinergic system is a promising possibility to optimize the activity of the glutamatergic system. It exerts not only direct and indirect influences on NMDA receptors but, by modulating glutamatergic transmission, also plays an important role in glia-neuron communication. These purinergic functions will be illustrated mostly by depicting the modulatory role of the purinergic system on glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex, a CNS area important for attention, memory and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Köles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Kató
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Hanuska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Illes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ferrero JJ, Ramírez-Franco J, Martín R, Bartolomé-Martín D, Torres M, Sánchez-Prieto J. Cross-talk between metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 and beta adrenergic receptor signaling at cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Neuropharmacology 2015. [PMID: 26211974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The co-existence of presynaptic G protein coupled receptors, GPCRs, has received little attention, despite the fact that interplay between the signaling pathways activated by such receptors may affect the neurotransmitter release. Using immunocytochemistry and immuhistochemistry we show that mGlu7 and β-adrenergic receptors are co-expressed in a sub-population of cerebrocortical nerve terminals. mGlu7 receptors readily couple to pathways that inhibit glutamate release. We found that when mGlu7 receptors are also coupled to pathways that enhance glutamate release by prolonged exposure to agonist, and β-adrenergic receptors are also activated, a cross-talk between their signaling pathways occurs that affect the overall release response. This interaction is the result of mGlu7 receptors inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase activated by β adrenergic receptors. Thus, blocking Gi/o proteins with pertussis toxin provokes a further increase in release after receptor co-activation which is also observed after activating β-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways downstream of adenylyl cyclase with the cAMP analog Sp8Br or 8pCPT-2-OMe-cAMP (a specific activator of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein directly activated by cAMP, EPAC). Co-activation of mGlu7 and β-adrenergic receptors also enhances PLC-dependent accumulation of IP1 and the translocation of the active zone protein Munc13-1 to the membrane, indicating that release potentiation by these receptors involves the modulation of the release machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Ferrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Ramírez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - David Bartolomé-Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Magdalena Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, C/Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory. Behav Brain Sci 2015; 39:e200. [PMID: 26126507 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x15000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs processing of other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels signal the current strength of a representation and interact with norepinephrine (NE) to enhance high priority representations and out-compete or suppress lower priority representations. In our "glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects" (GANE) model, high glutamate at the site of prioritized representations increases local NE release from the locus coeruleus (LC) to generate "NE hotspots." At these NE hotspots, local glutamate and NE release are mutually enhancing and amplify activation of prioritized representations. In contrast, arousal-induced LC activity inhibits less active representations via two mechanisms: 1) Where there are hotspots, lateral inhibition is amplified; 2) Where no hotspots emerge, NE levels are only high enough to activate low-threshold inhibitory adrenoreceptors. Thus, LC activation promotes a few hotspots of excitation in the context of widespread suppression, enhancing high priority representations while suppressing the rest. Hotspots also help synchronize oscillations across neural ensembles transmitting high-priority information. Furthermore, brain structures that detect stimulus priority interact with phasic NE release to preferentially route such information through large-scale functional brain networks. A surge of NE before, during, or after encoding enhances synaptic plasticity at NE hotspots, triggering local protein synthesis processes that enhance selective memory consolidation. Together, these noradrenergic mechanisms promote selective attention and memory under arousal. GANE not only reconciles apparently contradictory findings in the emotion-cognition literature but also extends previous influential theories of LC neuromodulation by proposing specific mechanisms for how LC-NE activity increases neural gain.
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Suga K. Isoproterenol facilitates GABAergic autapses in fast-spiking cells of rat insular cortex. J Oral Sci 2014; 56:41-7. [PMID: 24739707 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.56.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In the cerebral cortex, fast-spiking (FS) cells are the principal GABAergic interneurons and potently suppress neural activity in targeting neurons. Some FS neurons make synaptic contacts with themselves. Such synapses are called autapses and contribute to self-inhibition of FS neural activity. β-Adrenoceptors have a crucial role in regulating GABAergic synaptic inputs from FS cells to pyramidal (Pyr) cells; however, the β-adrenergic functions on FS autapses are unknown. To determine how the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the autapses of FS cells, paired whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from FS and Pyr cells in layer V of rat insular cortex. Previous studies found that isoproterenol (100 μM) had pleiotropic effects on unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) in FS→Pyr connections, whereas autapses in FS cells were always facilitated by isoproterenol. Facilitation of autapses by isoproterenol was accompanied by decreases in the paired-pulse ratio of second to first uIPSC amplitudes and the coefficient of variation of the uIPSC amplitude, which suggests that β-adrenergic facilitation is likely mediated by presynaptic mechanisms. The discrepancy between isoproterenol-induced modulation of uIPSCs in FS autapses and in FS→Pyr connections may reflect the presence of different presynaptic mechanisms of GABA release in each synapse.
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Koncz I, Szász BK, Szabó SI, Kiss JP, Mike A, Lendvai B, Sylvester Vizi E, Zelles T. The tricyclic antidepressant desipramine inhibited the neurotoxic, kainate-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases in CA1 pyramidal cells in acute hippocampal slices. Brain Res Bull 2014; 104:42-51. [PMID: 24742525 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kainate (KA), used for modelling neurodegenerative diseases, evokes excitotoxicity. However, the precise mechanism of KA-evoked [Ca(2+)]i increase is unexplored, especially in acute brain slice preparations. We used [Ca(2+)]i imaging and patch clamp electrophysiology to decipher the mechanism of KA-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise and its inhibition by the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI) in CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slices and in cultured hippocampal cells. The effect of KA was dose-dependent and relied totally on extracellular Ca(2+). The lack of effect of dl-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) and abolishment of the response by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) suggested the involvement of non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (non-NMDARs). The predominant role of the Ca(2+)-impermeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) in the initiation of the Ca(2+) response was supported by the inhibitory effect of the selective AMPAR antagonist GYKI 53655 and the ineffectiveness of 1-naphthyl acetylspermine (NASPM), an inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs. The voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCC), blocked by ω-Conotoxin MVIIC+nifedipine+NiCl2, contributed to the [Ca(2+)]i rise. VGCCs were also involved, similarly to AMPAR current, in the KA-evoked depolarisation. Inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSCs; tetrodotoxin, TTX) did not affect the depolarisation of pyramidal cells but blocked the depolarisation-evoked action potential bursts and reduced the Ca(2+) response. The tricyclic antidepressant DMI inhibited the KA-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise in a dose-dependent manner. It directly attenuated the AMPA-/KAR current, but its more potent inhibition on the Ca(2+) response supports additional effect on VGCCs, VGSCs and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers. The multitarget action on decisive players of excitotoxicity holds out more promise in clinical therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Koncz
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett K Szász
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd I Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Arpád Mike
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Gedeon Richter Plc., Pharmacology and Drug Safety Department, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Sylvester Vizi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Zelles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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Ferrero JJ, Alvarez AM, Ramírez-Franco J, Godino MC, Bartolomé-Martín D, Aguado C, Torres M, Luján R, Ciruela F, Sánchez-Prieto J. β-Adrenergic receptors activate exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), translocate Munc13-1, and enhance the Rab3A-RIM1α interaction to potentiate glutamate release at cerebrocortical nerve terminals. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31370-85. [PMID: 24036110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin facilitates synaptic transmission presynaptically via cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In addition, cAMP also increases glutamate release via PKA-independent mechanisms, although the downstream presynaptic targets remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the isolation of a PKA-independent component of glutamate release in cerebrocortical nerve terminals after blocking Na(+) channels with tetrodotoxin. We found that 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, a specific activator of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), mimicked and occluded forskolin-induced potentiation of glutamate release. This Epac-mediated increase in glutamate release was dependent on phospholipase C, and it increased the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Moreover, the potentiation of glutamate release by Epac was independent of protein kinase C, although it was attenuated by the diacylglycerol-binding site antagonist calphostin C. Epac activation translocated the active zone protein Munc13-1 from soluble to particulate fractions; it increased the association between Rab3A and RIM1α and redistributed synaptic vesicles closer to the presynaptic membrane. Furthermore, these responses were mimicked by the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist isoproterenol, consistent with the immunoelectron microscopy and immunocytochemical data demonstrating presynaptic expression of βARs in a subset of glutamatergic synapses in the cerebral cortex. Based on these findings, we conclude that βARs couple to a cAMP/Epac/PLC/Munc13/Rab3/RIM-dependent pathway to enhance glutamate release at cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Ferrero
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Engle SE, Shih PY, McIntosh JM, Drenan RM. α4α6β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is sufficient to stimulate a depolarizing conductance and enhance surface AMPA receptor function. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:393-406. [PMID: 23788655 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is a serious threat to public health in the United States and abroad, and development of new therapeutic approaches is a major priority. Nicotine activates and/or desensitizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) throughout the brain. nAChRs in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons are crucial for the rewarding and reinforcing properties of nicotine in rodents, suggesting that they may be key mediators of nicotine's action in humans. However, it is unknown which nAChR subtypes are sufficient to activate these neurons. To test the hypothesis that nAChRs containing α6 subunits are sufficient to activate VTA DA neurons, we studied mice expressing hypersensitive, gain-of-function α6 nAChRs (α6L9'S mice). In voltage-clamp recordings in brain slices from adult mice, 100 nM nicotine was sufficient to elicit inward currents in VTA DA neurons via α6β2* nAChRs. In addition, we found that low concentrations of nicotine could act selectively through α6β2* nAChRs to enhance the function of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) receptors on the surface of these cells. In contrast, α6β2* activation did not enhance N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor function. Finally, AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function was not similarly enhanced in brain slices from α6L9'S mice lacking α4 nAChR subunits, suggesting that α4α6β2* nAChRs are important for enhancing AMPAR function in VTA DA neurons. Together, these data suggest that activation of α4α6β2* nAChRs in VTA DA neurons is sufficient to support the initiation of cellular changes that play a role in addiction to nicotine. α4α6β2* nAChRs may be a promising target for future smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci E Engle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Yamaguchi K. Tachycardic responses to stimulation of β-adrenoceptors in the brain parenchyma in conscious rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:213-23. [PMID: 23735424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how stimulation of β-adrenoceptors in the anteroventral third ventricular region (AV3V; a pivotal forebrain area for autonomic functions) and other brain regions affects heart rate (HR) in conscious rats. Topical injections of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Isop) into the AV3V caused dose-related and reversible increases in HR. Only its highest dose utilized significantly affected blood pressure (BP), inducing a decrease. The tachycardia due to AV3V Isop lasted significantly longer than that elicited by hypotension, and was inhibited by AV3V administration of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol or systemic infusion of a ganglion blocker hexamethonium. Plasma noradrenaline indicative of sympathetic nerve activity increased in parallel with rises in HR after the AV3V application of Isop. When Isop was locally injected into various brain regions other than the AV3V, region-related effectiveness in provoking tachycardia was observed that tended to be large in limbic structures and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. No region responded to Isop applications with decreases in HR. These results suggest that β-adrenoceptors in the AV3V and other brain regions may be able to produce tachycardia by enhancing, at least in part, the efferent sympathetic nerve activity controlling cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City 951-8510, Japan.
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Wang HX, Waterhouse BD, Gao WJ. Selective suppression of excitatory synapses on GABAergic interneurons by norepinephrine in juvenile rat prefrontal cortical microcircuitry. Neuroscience 2013; 246:312-28. [PMID: 23684615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The noradrenergic system of the brain is thought to facilitate neuronal processes that promote behavioral activation, alertness, and attention. It is known that norepinephrine (NE) can be significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex under normal conditions such as arousal and attention, and following the administration of psychostimulants and various other drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders. However, how NE modulates neuronal activity and synapses in the local prefrontal circuitry remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the actions of NE on individual monosynaptic connections among layer V pyramidal neurons (P) and fast-spiking (FS) GABAergic interneurons in the juvenile (postnatal days 20-23) rat prefrontal local circuitry. We found that NE selectively depresses excitatory synaptic transmission in P-FS connections but has no detectable effect on the excitatory synapses in P-P connections and the inhibitory synapses in FS-P connections. NE apparently exerts distinctly different modulatory actions on identified synapses that target GABAergic interneurons but has no effect on those in the pyramidal neurons in this specific developmental period. These results indicate that, depending on the postsynaptic targets, the effects of NE in prefrontal cortex are synapse-specific, at least in the juvenile animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-X Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
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Zhou HC, Sun YY, Cai W, He XT, Yi F, Li BM, Zhang XH. Activation of β2-adrenoceptor enhances synaptic potentiation and behavioral memory via cAMP-PKA signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. Learn Mem 2013; 20:274-84. [PMID: 23596314 DOI: 10.1101/lm.030411.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in cognitive functions, including working memory, attention regulation, behavioral inhibition, as well as memory storage. The functions of PFC are very sensitive to norepinephrine (NE), and even low levels of endogenously released NE exert a dramatic influence on the functioning of the PFC. Activation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) facilitates synaptic potentiation and enhances memory in the hippocampus. However, little is known regarding these processes in the PFC. In the present study, we investigate the role of β2-AR in synaptic plasticity and behavioral memory. Our results show that β2-AR selective agonist clenbuterol facilitates spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (tLTP) under the physiological conditions with intact GABAergic inhibition, and such facilitation is prevented by co-application with the cAMP inhibitor Rp-cAMPS. Loading postsynaptic pyramidal cells with Rp-cAMPS, the PKA inhibitor PKI(5-24), or the G protein inhibitor GDP-β-S significantly decreases, but does not eliminate, the effect of clenbuterol. Clenbuterol suppresses the GABAergic transmission, while blocking GABAergic transmission by the GABA(A) receptor blocker partially mimics the effect of clenbuterol. In behavioral tests, a post-training infusion of clenbuterol into mPFC enhances 24-h trace fear memory. In summary, we observed that prefrontal cortical β2-AR activation by clenbuterol facilitates tLTP and enhances trace fear memory. The mechanism underlying tLTP facilitation involves stimulating postsynaptic cAMP-PKA signaling cascades and suppressing GABAergic circuit activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Storozhuk M, Ivanova S, Nikolaenko L, Krishtal O. Is rapid effect of thyroxine on GABAergic IPSCs purely postsynaptic? Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:1573-7. [PMID: 23406769 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (THs) are well known for their genomic effects but recently several studies revealed their actions as rapid modulators of membrane receptors. In particular, fast thyroxine effect on GABA(A) receptors have been reported. We addressed question whether presynaptic mechanisms can be also involved in modulation of GABAergic transmission by thyroxine. METHODS Using patch-clamp technique we examined fast effects of thyroxine (2 μM) on evoked GABAergic postsynaptic currents. RESULTS We found that in addition to the inhibitory effect on IPSC amplitude, thyroxine changed IPSC coefficient of variation (CV). CONCLUSION This result suggests involvement of a presynaptic mechanism in thyroxine effect on GABAergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Storozhuk
- International Center of Molecular Physiology, Bogomoletz 4, 01024 Kiev, Ukraine.
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O’Donnell J, Zeppenfeld D, McConnell E, Pena S, Nedergaard M. Norepinephrine: a neuromodulator that boosts the function of multiple cell types to optimize CNS performance. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2496-512. [PMID: 22717696 PMCID: PMC3548657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is a neuromodulator that in multiple ways regulates the activity of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. NE participates in the rapid modulation of cortical circuits and cellular energy metabolism, and on a slower time scale in neuroplasticity and inflammation. Of the multiple sources of NE in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) plays a major role in noradrenergic signaling. Processes from the LC primarily release NE over widespread brain regions via non-junctional varicosities. We here review the actions of NE in astrocytes, microglial cells, and neurons based on the idea that the overarching effect of signaling from the LC is to maximize brain power, which is accomplished via an orchestrated cellular response involving most, if not all cell types in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O’Donnell
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Douglas Zeppenfeld
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Evan McConnell
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Salvador Pena
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Velásquez-Martinez MC, Vázquez-Torres R, Jiménez-Rivera CA. Activation of alpha1-adrenoceptors enhances glutamate release onto ventral tegmental area dopamine cells. Neuroscience 2012; 216:18-30. [PMID: 22542873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) plays an important role in reward and motivational processes that facilitate the development of drug addiction. Glutamatergic inputs into the VTA contribute to dopamine (DA) neuronal activation related to reward and response-initiating effects in drug abuse. Previous investigations indicate that alpha1-adrenoreceptors (α1-ARs) are primarily localized at presynaptic elements in the ventral midbrain. Studies from several brain regions have shown that presynaptic α1-AR activation enhances glutamate release. Therefore, we hypothesized that glutamate released onto VTA-DA neurons is modulated by pre-synaptic α1-AR. Recordings were obtained from putative VTA-DA cells of male Sprague-Dawley rats (28-50 days postnatal) using voltage clamp techniques. Phenylephrine (10 μM) and methoxamine (80μM), both α1-AR agonists, increased AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents' (EPSCs) amplitude evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent fibers (p<0.05). This effect was blocked by the α1-AR antagonist prazosin (1 μM). Phenylephrine decreased the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) and increased spontaneous EPSCs' frequencies but not their amplitudes suggesting a presynaptic locus of action. No changes in miniature EPSCs (0.5μM, tetrodotoxin [TTX]) were observed after phenylephrine's application which suggests that α1-AR effect was action potential dependent. Normal extra- and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration seems necessary for the α1-AR effect since phenylephrine in low Ca(2+) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores with thapsigargin (10 μM) failed to increase the AMPA EPSCs' amplitude. Chelerythrine (1μM, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) but not Rp-cAMPS (11 μM, PKA inhibitor) blocked the α1-AR activation effect on AMPA EPSCs, indicating that a PKC intracellular pathway is required. These results demonstrated that presynaptic α1-AR activation modulates glutamatergic inputs that affect VTA-DA neuronal excitability. α1-AR action might be heterosynaptically localized at glutamatergic fibers terminating onto VTA-DA neurons. It is suggested that drug-induced changes in α1-AR could be part of the neuroadaptations occurring in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry during the addiction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Velásquez-Martinez
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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Altered adrenergic receptor signaling following traumatic brain injury contributes to working memory dysfunction. Neuroscience 2010; 172:293-302. [PMID: 20974230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is highly vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its structural and/or functional alterations as a result of TBI can give rise to persistent working memory (WM) dysfunction. Using a rodent model of TBI, we have described profound WM deficits following TBI that are associated with increases in prefrontal catecholamine (both dopamine and norepinephrine) content. In this study, we examined if enhanced norepinephrine signaling contributes to TBI-associated WM dysfunction. We demonstrate that administration of α1 adrenoceptor antagonists, but not α2A agonist, at 14 days post-injury significantly improved WM performance. mRNA analysis revealed increased levels of α1A, but not α1B or α1D, adrenoceptor in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of brain-injured rats. As α1A and 1B adrenoceptor promoters contain putative cAMP response element (CRE) sequences, we therefore examined if CRE-binding protein (CREB) actively engages these sequences in order to increase receptor gene transcription following TBI. Our results show that the phosphorylation of CREB is enhanced in the mPFC at time points during which increased α1A mRNA expression was observed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using mPFC tissue from injured animals indicated increased phospho-CREB binding to the CRE sites of α1A, but not α1B, promoter compared to that observed in uninjured controls. To address the translatability of our findings, we tested the efficacy of the FDA-approved α1 antagonist Prazosin and observed that this drug improves WM in injured animals. Taken together, these studies suggest that enhanced CREB-mediated expression of α1 adrenoceptor contributes to TBI-associated WM dysfunction, and therapies aimed at reducing α1 signaling may be useful in the treatment of TBI-associated WM deficits in humans.
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Lupinsky D, Moquin L, Gratton A. Interhemispheric regulation of the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate stress response in rats. J Neurosci 2010; 30:7624-33. [PMID: 20519537 PMCID: PMC6632388 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1187-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While stressors are known to increase medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate (GLU) levels, the mechanism(s) subserving this response remain to be elucidated. We used microdialysis and local drug applications to investigate, in male Long-Evans rats, whether the PFC GLU stress response might reflect increased interhemispheric communication by callosal projection neurons. We report here that tail-pinch stress (20 min) elicited comparable increases in GLU in the left and right PFC that were sodium and calcium dependent and insensitive to local glial cystine-GLU exchanger blockade. Unilateral ibotenate-induced PFC lesions abolished the GLU stress response in the opposite hemisphere, as did contralateral mGlu(2/3) receptor activation. Local dopamine (DA) D(1) receptor blockade in the left PFC potently enhanced the right PFC GLU stress response, whereas the same treatment applied to the right PFC had a much weaker effect on the left PFC GLU response. Finally, the PFC GLU stress response was attenuated and potentiated, respectively, following alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor blockade and GABA(B) receptor activation in the opposite hemisphere. These findings indicate that the PFC GLU stress response reflects, at least in part, activation of callosal neurons located in the opposite hemisphere and that stress-induced activation of these neurons is regulated by GLU-, DA-, norepinephrine-, and GABA-sensitive mechanisms. In the case of DA, this control is asymmetrical, with a marked regulatory bias of the left PFC DA input over the right PFC GLU stress response. Together, these findings suggest that callosal neurons and their afferentation play an important role in the hemispheric specialization of PFC-mediated responses to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lupinsky
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Ampatzis K, Dermon CR. Regional distribution and cellular localization of beta2-adrenoceptors in the adult zebrafish brain (Danio rerio). J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:1418-41. [PMID: 20187137 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline. The present study aimed to determine the regional distribution of beta(2)-ARs in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain by means of in vitro autoradiographic and immunohistochemical methods. The immunohistochemical localization of beta(2)-ARs, in agreement with the quantitative beta-adrenoceptor autoradiography, showed a wide distribution of beta(2)-ARs in the adult zebrafish brain. The cerebellum and the dorsal zone of periventricular hypothalamus exhibited the highest density of [(3)H]CGP-12177 binding sites and beta(2)-AR immunoreactivity. Neuronal cells strongly stained for beta(2)-ARs were found in the periventricular ventral telencephalic area, magnocellular and parvocellular superficial pretectal nuclei (PSm, PSp), occulomotor nucleus (NIII), locus coeruleus (LC), medial octavolateral nucleus (MON), magnocellular octaval nucleus (MaON) reticular formation (SRF, IMRF, IRF), and ganglionic cell layer of cerebellum. Interestingly, in most cases (NIII, LC, MON, MaON, SRF, IMRF, ganglionic cerebellar layer) beta(2)-ARs were colocalized with alpha(2A)-ARs in the same neuron, suggesting their interaction for mediating the physiological functions of nor/adrenaline. Moderate to low labeling of beta(2)-ARs was found in neurons in dorsal telencephalic area, optic tectum (TeO), torus semicircularis (TS), and periventricular gray zone of optic tectum (PGZ). In addition to neuronal, glial expression of beta(2)-ARs was found in astrocytic fibers located in the central gray and dorsal rhombencephalic midline, in close relation to the ventricle. The autoradiographic and immunohistochemical distribution pattern of beta(2)-ARs in the adult zebrafish brain further support the conserved profile of adrenergic/noradrenergic system through vertebrate brain evolution.
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Koyanagi Y, Yamamoto K, Oi Y, Koshikawa N, Kobayashi M. Presynaptic Interneuron Subtype- and Age-Dependent Modulation of GABAergic Synaptic Transmission by β-Adrenoceptors in Rat Insular Cortex. J Neurophysiol 2010; 103:2876-88. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00972.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Adrenoceptors play a crucial role in the regulation of taste aversion learning in the insular cortex (IC). However, β-adrenergic effects on inhibitory synaptic transmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) remain unknown. To elucidate the mechanisms of β-adrenergic modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission, we performed paired whole cell patch-clamp recordings from layer V GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal cells of rat IC aged from postnatal day 17 (PD17) to PD46 and examined the effects of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoceptor agonist, on unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs). Isoproterenol (100 μM) induced facilitating effects on uIPSCs in 33.3% of cell pairs accompanied by decreases in coefficient of variation (CV) of the first uIPSC amplitude and paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of the second to first uIPSC amplitude, whereas 35.9% of pairs showed suppressive effects of isoproterenol on uIPSC amplitude obtained from fast spiking (FS) to pyramidal cell pairs. Facilitatory effects of isoproterenol were frequently observed in FS–pyramidal cell pairs at ≥PD24. On the other hand, isoproterenol suppressed uIPSC amplitude by 52.3 and 39.8% in low-threshold spike (LTS)–pyramidal and late spiking (LS)–pyramidal cell pairs, respectively, with increases in CV and PPR. The isoproterenol-induced suppressive effects were blocked by preapplication of 100 μM propranolol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist. There was no significant correlation between age and changes of uIPSCs in LTS–/LS–pyramidal cell pairs. These results suggest the presence of differential mechanisms in presynaptic GABA release and/or postsynaptic GABAA receptor-related assemblies among interneuron subtypes. Age- and interneuron subtype-specific β-adrenergic modulation of IPSCs may contribute to experience-dependent plasticity in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmacology,
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | | | | | - Noriaki Koshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology,
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo; and
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology,
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo; and
- Functional Probe Research Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Program, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Kobe, Japan
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