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Lages YV, Balthazar L, Krahe TE, Landeira-Fernandez J. Pharmacological and Physiological Correlates of the Bidirectional Fear Phenotype of the Carioca Rats and Other Bidirectionally Selected Lines. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1864-1883. [PMID: 36237160 PMCID: PMC10514533 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carioca rat lines originated from the selective bidirectional breeding of mates displaying extreme defense responses to contextual conditioned fear. After three generations, two distinct populations could be distinguished: the Carioca High- and Low-conditioned Freezing rats, CHF, and CLF, respectively. Later studies identified strong anxiety-like behaviors in the CHF line, while indications of impulsivity and hyperactivity were prominent in the CLF animals. The present review details the physiological and pharmacological-related findings obtained from these lines. The results discussed here point towards a dysfunctional fear circuitry in CHF rats, including alterations in key brain structures and the serotoninergic system. Moreover, data from these animals highlight important alterations in the stress-processing machinery and its associated systems, such as energy metabolism and antioxidative defense. Finally, evidence of an alteration in the dopaminergic pathway in CLF rats is also debated. Thus, accumulating data gathered over the years, place the Carioca lines as significant animal models for the study of psychiatric disorders, especially fear-related ones like anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Lages
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Balthazar
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas. E. Krahe
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J. Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mora S, Merchán A, Aznar S, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased amygdala and decreased hippocampus volume after schedule-induced polydipsia in high drinker compulsive rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112592. [PMID: 32417273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fronto-limbic structures and serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A) have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of compulsive spectrum disorders. Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP), characterized by the development of excessive drinking under intermittent food reinforcement schedules, is a valid preclinical model for studying the compulsive phenotype. In the present study, we explored the individual differences and effect of SIP in brain volume and 5-HT2A receptor binding in fronto-limbic structures in rats selected according to their compulsive drinking behavior. Rats were divided into high (HD) and low drinkers (LD) by SIP (20 sessions); later, we analyzed the brains of HD and LD selected rats, in two different conditions: non-re-exposure (NRE) or re-exposure to SIP (RE), with four groups: LD-NRE, LD-RE, HD-NRE and HD-RE. Histological analyses were carried out for volumetric (stereology) and receptor binding (autoradiography) in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. After SIP re-exposure, HD-RE showed an increased basolateral amygdala and a reduced hippocampus volume compared to HD-NRE rats, and also compared to LD-RE rats. No differences were found between HD and LD in NRE condition. Moreover, HD rats exhibit a lower 5-HT2A receptor binding in the basolateral amygdala, independently of SIP re-exposure, compared to LD rats. However, LD-RE showed a decreased 5-HT2A receptor binding in basolateral amygdala compared to LD-NRE. No differences were found in the remaining structures. These findings suggest that SIP might be differentially impacting HD and LD brains, pointing towards a possible explanation of how the latent vulnerability to compulsivity is triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Merchán
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology & Health Research Centre (CEINSA), University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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Ettrup A, Svarer C, McMahon B, da Cunha-Bang S, Lehel S, Møller K, Dyssegaard A, Ganz M, Beliveau V, Jørgensen LM, Gillings N, Knudsen GM. Serotonin 2A receptor agonist binding in the human brain with [(11)C]Cimbi-36: Test-retest reproducibility and head-to-head comparison with the antagonist [(18)F]altanserin. Neuroimage 2016; 130:167-174. [PMID: 26876490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [(11)C]Cimbi-36 is a recently developed serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand that has been successfully applied for human neuroimaging. Here, we investigate the test-retest variability of cerebral [(11)C]Cimbi-36 PET and compare [(11)C]Cimbi-36 and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist [(18)F]altanserin. METHODS Sixteen healthy volunteers (mean age 23.9 ± 6.4years, 6 males) were scanned twice with a high resolution research tomography PET scanner. All subjects were scanned after a bolus of [(11)C]Cimbi-36; eight were scanned twice to determine test-retest variability in [(11)C]Cimbi-36 binding measures, and another eight were scanned after a bolus plus constant infusion with [(18)F]altanserin. Regional differences in the brain distribution of [(11)C]Cimbi-36 and [(18)F]altanserin were assessed with a correlation of regional binding measures and with voxel-based analysis. RESULTS Test-retest variability of [(11)C]Cimbi-36 non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was consistently <5% in high-binding regions and lower for reference tissue models as compared to a 2-tissue compartment model. We found a highly significant correlation between regional BPNDs measured with [(11)C]Cimbi-36 and [(18)F]altanserin (mean Pearson's r: 0.95 ± 0.04) suggesting similar cortical binding of the radioligands. Relatively higher binding with [(11)C]Cimbi-36 as compared to [(18)F]altanserin was found in the choroid plexus and hippocampus in the human brain. CONCLUSIONS Excellent test-retest reproducibility highlights the potential of [(11)C]Cimbi-36 for PET imaging of 5-HT2A receptor agonist binding in vivo. Our data suggest that Cimbi-36 and altanserin both bind to 5-HT2A receptors, but in regions with high 5-HT2C receptor density, choroid plexus and hippocampus, the [(11)C]Cimbi-36 binding likely represents binding to both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ettrup
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofi da Cunha-Bang
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Dyssegaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Møller Jørgensen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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