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Holley D, Campos LJ, Drzewiecki CM, Zhang Y, Capitanio JP, Fox AS. Rhesus infant nervous temperament predicts peri-adolescent central amygdala metabolism & behavioral inhibition measured by a machine-learning approach. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:148. [PMID: 38490997 PMCID: PMC10943234 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders affect millions of people worldwide and impair health, happiness, and productivity on a massive scale. Developmental research points to a connection between early-life behavioral inhibition and the eventual development of these disorders. Our group has previously shown that measures of behavioral inhibition in young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) predict anxiety-like behavior later in life. In recent years, clinical and basic researchers have implicated the central extended amygdala (EAc)-a neuroanatomical concept that includes the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST)-as a key neural substrate for the expression of anxious and inhibited behavior. An improved understanding of how early-life behavioral inhibition relates to an increased lifetime risk of anxiety disorders-and how this relationship is mediated by alterations in the EAc-could lead to improved treatments and preventive strategies. In this study, we explored the relationships between infant behavioral inhibition and peri-adolescent defensive behavior and brain metabolism in 18 female rhesus monkeys. We coupled a mildly threatening behavioral assay with concurrent multimodal neuroimaging, and related those findings to various measures of infant temperament. To score the behavioral assay, we developed and validated UC-Freeze, a semi-automated machine-learning (ML) tool that uses unsupervised clustering to quantify freezing. Consistent with previous work, we found that heightened Ce metabolism predicted elevated defensive behavior (i.e., more freezing) in the presence of an unfamiliar human intruder. Although we found no link between infant-inhibited temperament and peri-adolescent EAc metabolism or defensive behavior, we did identify infant nervous temperament as a significant predictor of peri-adolescent defensive behavior. Our findings suggest a connection between infant nervous temperament and the eventual development of anxiety and depressive disorders. Moreover, our approach highlights the potential for ML tools to augment existing behavioral neuroscience methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holley
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L J Campos
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C M Drzewiecki
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Columbia University, Department of Statistics, New York, NY, USA
| | - J P Capitanio
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A S Fox
- University of California, Department of Psychology, Davis, CA, USA.
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
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2
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Rakotobe M, Fjerdingstad N, Ruiz-Reig N, Lamonerie T, D'Autréaux F. Central role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system in the neurodevelopmental basis of susceptibility and resilience to anxiety in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106392. [PMID: 38145853 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Having experienced stress during sensitive periods of brain development strongly influences how individuals cope with later stress. Some are prone to develop anxiety or depression, while others appear resilient. The as-yet-unknown mechanisms underlying these differences may lie in how genes and environmental stress interact to shape the circuits that control emotions. Here, we investigated the role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system (HIPS), a critical node in reward circuits, in early stress-induced anxiety in mice. We found that habenular and IPN components characterized by the expression of Otx2 are synaptically connected and particularly sensitive to chronic stress (CS) during the peripubertal period. Stress-induced peripubertal activation of this HIPS subcircuit elicits both HIPS hypersensitivity to later stress and susceptibility to develop anxiety. We also show that HIPS silencing through conditional Otx2 knockout counteracts these effects of stress. Together, these results demonstrate that a genetic factor, Otx2, and stress interact during the peripubertal period to shape the stress sensitivity of the HIPS, which is shown to be a key modulator of susceptibility or resilience to develop anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malalaniaina Rakotobe
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Niels Fjerdingstad
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Thomas Lamonerie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Fabien D'Autréaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France. Fabien.D'
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3
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Wood CP, Avalos B, Alvarez C, DiPatrizio NV. A Sexually Dimorphic Role for Intestinal Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype-1 in the Behavioral Expression of Anxiety. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:1045-1059. [PMID: 37862126 PMCID: PMC10771877 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the brain controls anxiety and may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of anxiety disorders. For example, both pharmacological and genetic disruption of cannabinoid receptor subtype-1 (CB1R) signaling in the central nervous system is associated with increased anxiety-like behaviors in rodents, while activating the system is anxiolytic. Sex is also a critical factor that controls the behavioral expression of anxiety; however, roles for the ECS in the gut in these processes and possible differences between sexes are largely unknown. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine if CB1Rs in the intestinal epithelium exert control over anxiety-like behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Methods: We subjected male and female mice with conditional deletion of CB1Rs in the intestinal epithelium (intCB1-/-) and controls (intCB1+/+) to the elevated plus maze (EPM), light/dark box, and open field test. Corticosterone (CORT) levels in plasma were measured at baseline and immediately after EPM exposure. Results: When compared with intCB1+/+ male mice, intCB1-/- male mice exhibited reduced levels of anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM and light/dark box. In contrast to male mice, no differences were found between female intCB1+/+ and intCB1-/- mice. Circulating CORT was higher in female versus male mice for both genotype groups at baseline and after EPM exposure; however, there was no effect of genotype on CORT levels. Conclusions: Collectively, these results indicate that genetic deletion of CB1Rs in the intestinal epithelium is associated with an anxiolytic phenotype in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P. Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Bryant Avalos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Camila Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V. DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- University of California Riverside Center for Cannabinoid Research, Riverside, California, USA
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4
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Hu P, Wang Y, Qi XH, Shan QH, Huang ZH, Chen P, Ma X, Yang YP, Swaab DF, Samuels BA, Zhang Z, Zhou JN. SIRT1 in the BNST modulates chronic stress-induced anxiety of male mice via FKBP5 and corticotropin-releasing factor signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5101-5117. [PMID: 37386058 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Although clinical reports have highlighted association of the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene with anxiety, its exact role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders remains unclear. The present study was designed to explore whether and how SIRT1 in the mouse bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a key limbic hub region, regulates anxiety. In a chronic stress model to induce anxiety in male mice, we used site- and cell-type-specific in vivo and in vitro manipulations, protein analysis, electrophysiological and behavioral analysis, in vivo MiniScope calcium imaging and mass spectroscopy, to characterize possible mechanism underlying a novel anxiolytic role for SIRT1 in the BNST. Specifically, decreased SIRT1 in parallel with increased corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) expression was found in the BNST of anxiety model mice, whereas pharmacological activation or local overexpression of SIRT1 in the BNST reversed chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors, downregulated CRF upregulation, and normalized CRF neuronal hyperactivity. Mechanistically, SIRT1 enhanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated CRF transcriptional repression through directly interacting with and deacetylating the GR co-chaperone FKBP5 to induce its dissociation from the GR, ultimately downregulating CRF. Together, this study unravels an important cellular and molecular mechanism highlighting an anxiolytic role for SIRT1 in the mouse BNST, which may open up new therapeutic avenues for treating stress-related anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Qi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Qing-Hong Shan
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin A Samuels
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Institute of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
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Koskinen MK, Laine M, Abdollahzadeh A, Gigliotta A, Mazzini G, Journée S, Alenius V, Trontti K, Tohka J, Hyytiä P, Sierra A, Hovatta I. Node of Ranvier remodeling in chronic psychosocial stress and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1532-1540. [PMID: 36949148 PMCID: PMC10425340 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Differential expression of myelin-related genes and changes in myelin thickness have been demonstrated in mice after chronic psychosocial stress, a risk factor for anxiety disorders. To determine whether and how stress affects structural remodeling of nodes of Ranvier, another form of myelin plasticity, we developed a 3D reconstruction analysis of node morphology in C57BL/6NCrl and DBA/2NCrl mice. We identified strain-dependent effects of chronic social defeat stress on node morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) gray matter, including shortening of paranodes in C57BL/6NCrl stress-resilient and shortening of node gaps in DBA/2NCrl stress-susceptible mice compared to controls. Neuronal activity has been associated with changes in myelin thickness. To investigate whether neuronal activation is a mechanism influencing also node of Ranvier morphology, we used DREADDs to repeatedly activate the ventral hippocampus-to-mPFC pathway. We found reduced anxiety-like behavior and shortened paranodes specifically in stimulated, but not in the nearby non-stimulated axons. Altogether, our data demonstrate (1) nodal remodeling of the mPFC gray matter axons after chronic stress and (2) axon-specific regulation of paranodes in response to repeated neuronal activity in an anxiety-associated pathway. Nodal remodeling may thus contribute to aberrant circuit function associated with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Kreetta Koskinen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela Laine
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Abdollahzadeh
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adrien Gigliotta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Journée
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Alenius
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Hyytiä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Watling SE, Gill T, Gaudette EV, Richardson JD, McCluskey T, Tong J, Meyer JH, Warsh J, Jetly R, Hutchison MG, Rhind SG, Houle S, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Investigating TSPO levels in occupation-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4970. [PMID: 36973385 PMCID: PMC10041517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune brain cells implicated in stress-related mental illnesses including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Their role in the pathophysiology of PTSD, and on neurobiological systems that regulate stress, is not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that microglia activation, in fronto-limbic brain regions involved in PTSD, would be elevated in participants with occupation-related PTSD. We also explored the relationship between cortisol and microglia activation. Twenty participants with PTSD and 23 healthy controls (HC) completed positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a putative biomarker of microglia activation using the probe [18F]FEPPA, and blood samples for measurement of cortisol. [18F]FEPPA VT was non-significantly elevated (6.5-30%) in fronto-limbic regions in PTSD participants. [18F]FEPPA VT was significantly higher in PTSD participants reporting frequent cannabis use compared to PTSD non-users (44%, p = 0.047). Male participants with PTSD (21%, p = 0.094) and a history of early childhood trauma (33%, p = 0.116) had non-significantly higher [18F]FEPPA VT. Average fronto-limbic [18F]FEPPA VT was positively related to cortisol (r = 0.530, p = 0.028) in the PTSD group only. Although we did not find a significant abnormality in TSPO binding in PTSD, findings suggest microglial activation might have occurred in a subgroup who reported frequent cannabis use. The relationship between cortisol and TSPO binding suggests a potential link between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis dysregulation and central immune response to trauma which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Watling
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Talwinder Gill
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin V Gaudette
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Don Richardson
- The MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St Joseph's, London OSI, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Healey KL, Kibble S, Dubester K, Bell A, Swartzwelder HS. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure enhances adult stress effects in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 223:173513. [PMID: 36610590 PMCID: PMC10028459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Binge patterns of alcohol use, prevalent among adolescents, are associated with a higher probability of developing alcohol use disorders (AUD) and other psychiatric disorders, like anxiety and depression. Additionally, adverse life events strongly predict AUD and other psychiatric disorders. As such, the combined fields of stress and AUD have been well established, and animal models indicate that both binge-like alcohol exposure and stress exposure elevate anxiety-like behaviors. However, few have investigated the interaction of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) and adult stressors. We hypothesized that AIE would increase vulnerability to restraint-induced stress (RS), manifested as increased anxiety-like behavior. After AIE exposure, in adulthood, animals were tested on forced swim (FST) and saccharin preference (SP) and then exposed to either RS (90 min/5 days) or home-cage control. Twenty-four hours after the last RS session, animals began testing on the elevated plus maze (EPM), and were re-tested on FST and SP. A separate group of animals were sacrificed in adulthood after AIE and RS, and brains were harvested for immunoblot analysis of dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Consistent with previous reports, AIE had no significant effect on closed arm time in the EPM (anxiety-like behavior). However, in male rats the interaction of AIE and adult RS increased time spent in the closed arms. No effect was observed among female animals. AIE and RS-specific alterations were found in glial and synaptic markers (GLT-1, FMRP and PSD-95) in male animals. These findings indicate AIE has sex-specific effects on both SP and the interaction of AIE and adult RS, which induces a propensity toward anxiety-like behavior in males. Also, AIE produces persistent hippocampal deficits that may interact with adult RS to cause increased anxiety-like behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms behind this AIE-induced increase in stress vulnerability may provide insight into treatment and prevention strategies for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati L Healey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
| | - Sandra Kibble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Kira Dubester
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Amelia Bell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - H S Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
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8
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Lages YV, Balthazar L, Krahe TE, Landeira-Fernandez J. Pharmacological and Physiological Correlates of the Bidirectional Fear Phenotype of the Carioca Rats and Other Bidirectionally Selected Lines. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1864-1883. [PMID: 36237160 PMCID: PMC10514533 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carioca rat lines originated from the selective bidirectional breeding of mates displaying extreme defense responses to contextual conditioned fear. After three generations, two distinct populations could be distinguished: the Carioca High- and Low-conditioned Freezing rats, CHF, and CLF, respectively. Later studies identified strong anxiety-like behaviors in the CHF line, while indications of impulsivity and hyperactivity were prominent in the CLF animals. The present review details the physiological and pharmacological-related findings obtained from these lines. The results discussed here point towards a dysfunctional fear circuitry in CHF rats, including alterations in key brain structures and the serotoninergic system. Moreover, data from these animals highlight important alterations in the stress-processing machinery and its associated systems, such as energy metabolism and antioxidative defense. Finally, evidence of an alteration in the dopaminergic pathway in CLF rats is also debated. Thus, accumulating data gathered over the years, place the Carioca lines as significant animal models for the study of psychiatric disorders, especially fear-related ones like anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Lages
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Balthazar
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas. E. Krahe
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J. Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Setayesh L, Ebrahimi R, Pooyan S, Yarizadeh H, Rashidbeygi E, Badrooj N, Imani H, Mirzaei K. The possible mediatory role of adipokines in the association between low carbohydrate diet and depressive symptoms among overweight and obese women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257275. [PMID: 34516574 PMCID: PMC8437289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed the possible association between obesity, dietary pattern, and depressive symptoms. Due to the lack of enough data to confirm the association of obesity and depression in the Middle East, here, we aimed to explore the possible mediatory role of adipokines Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the association between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and depressive symptoms. METHODS A total of 256 women aged 17-56 years old were grouped based on their LCD score. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the three negative emotional states of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1. RESULTS No significant difference was observed regarding Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 levels between the groups with dissimilar adherence to LCD or the groups with different levels of depressive symptoms (P>0.05). However, there was a negative association between LCD score as a covariant and depressive symptoms as an independent variable (P = 0.02) and remarkably, a regression model linear analysis using Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 as confounding variables indicated the mediatory role of these adipokines in this association (P>0.05). In other words, adipokines eliminated the significance of the relationship between adherence to LCD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION It seems that higher adherence to LCD is probably associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in obese adults through the mediatory role of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pooyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rashidbeygi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Badrooj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (KM); (HI)
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (KM); (HI)
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10
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McDowell CP, Newman L, Monroe DC, O’Connor JD, Knight SP, Kenny RA, Herring MP. The Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Resting-State Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Is Modified by Self-Reported Physical Activity: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1391-1397. [PMID: 33780537 PMCID: PMC8600010 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit lower intrinsic functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical regions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA), while the anxiolytic effects of PA are well known. The current study examined the association of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its interaction with PA, with resting-state, left PFC oxygenation. This cross-sectional study used data from participants (N = 2444) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative prospective study of community-living adults aged 50 and older in Ireland. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form determined fulfillment of criteria for GAD. The short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire determined adherence to the World Health Organization PA guidelines. Resting-state, left PFC oxygenation was continuously measured via a Portalite. Tissue saturation index (TSI) was calculated as the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total tissue hemoglobin (expressed as a percentage) for the final minute of a 5-minute supine-rest period. Multivariable linear regression quantified associations of GAD with TSI in the total population and population stratified by PA status. Participants with GAD had lower TSI (b = -1.416, p = .008) compared to those without GAD. However, this association was modified by PA. Among participants who met the PA guidelines, TSI did not differ according to GAD status (b = -0.800, p = .398). For participants who did not meet the guidelines, TSI was significantly lower among those with GAD (b = -1.758, p = .004). These findings suggest that PA may help to protect brain health among older adults with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian P McDowell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek C Monroe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - John D O’Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matt P Herring
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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11
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Zallocco L, Giusti L, Ronci M, Mussini A, Trerotola M, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Sebastiani L. Salivary Proteome Changes in Response to Acute Psychological Stress Due to an Oral Exam Simulation in University Students: Effect of an Olfactory Stimulus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4295. [PMID: 33919012 PMCID: PMC8122612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role both in acute and chronic psychological stress eliciting changes in many local and systemic physiological and biochemical processes. Salivary secretion is also regulated by ANS. In this study, we explored salivary proteome changes produced in thirty-eight University students by a test stress, which simulated an oral exam. Students underwent a relaxation phase followed by the stress test during which an electrocardiogram was recorded. To evaluate the effect of an olfactory stimulus, half of the students were exposed to a pleasant odor diffused in the room throughout the whole session. Saliva samples were collected after the relaxation phase (T0) and the stress test (T1). State anxiety was also evaluated at T0 and T1. Salivary proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and patterns at different times were compared. Spots differentially expressed were trypsin digested and identified by mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis was used to validate proteomic results. Anxiety scores and heart rate changes indicated that the fake exam induced anxiety. Significant changes of α-amylase, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), and immunoglobulin α chain (IGHA) secretion were observed after the stress test was performed in the two conditions. Moreover, the presence of pleasant odor reduced the acute social stress affecting salivary proteome changes. Therefore, saliva proteomic analysis was a useful approach to evaluate the rapid responses associated to an acute stress test also highlighting known biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.Z.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Andrea Mussini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Mazzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.Z.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Sebastiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.S.)
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12
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Bashiri H, Houwing DJ, Homberg JR, Salari AA. The combination of fluoxetine and environmental enrichment reduces postpartum stress-related behaviors through the oxytocinergic system and HPA axis in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8518. [PMID: 33875712 PMCID: PMC8055994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational stress can increase postpartum depression in women. To treat maternal depression, fluoxetine (FLX) is most commonly prescribed. While FLX may be effective for the mother, at high doses it may have adverse effects on the fetus. As environmental enrichment (EE) can reduce maternal stress effects, we hypothesized that a subthreshold dose of FLX increases the impact of EE to reduce anxiety and depression-like behavior in postpartum dams exposed to gestational stress. We evaluated this hypothesis in mice and to assess underlying mechanisms we additionally measured hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and brain levels of the hormone oxytocin, which are thought to be implicated in postpartum depression. Gestational stress increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior in postpartum dams. This was accompanied by an increase in HPA axis function and a decrease in whole-brain oxytocin levels in dams. A combination of FLX and EE remediated the behavioral, HPA axis and oxytocin changes induced by gestational stress. Central administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist prevented the remediating effect of FLX + EE, indicating that brain oxytocin contributes to the effect of FLX + EE. These findings suggest that oxytocin is causally involved in FLX + EE mediated remediation of postpartum stress-related behaviors, and HPA axis function in postpartum dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Danielle J Houwing
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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13
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Kim N, Kim MJ. Altered Task-Evoked Corticolimbic Responsivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073630. [PMID: 33807276 PMCID: PMC8037355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is marked by uncontrollable, persistent worry and exaggerated response to uncertainty. Here, we review and summarize the findings from the GAD literature that employs functional neuroimaging methods. In particular, the present review focuses on task-based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. We find that select brain regions often regarded as a part of a corticolimbic circuit (e.g., amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex) are consistently targeted for a priori hypothesis-driven analyses, which, in turn, shows varying degrees of abnormal BOLD responsivity in GAD. Data-driven whole-brain analyses show the insula and the hippocampus, among other regions, to be affected by GAD, depending on the task used in each individual study. Overall, while the heterogeneity of the tasks and sample size limits the generalizability of the findings thus far, some promising convergence can be observed in the form of the altered BOLD responsivity of the corticolimbic circuitry in GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea;
| | - M. Justin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea;
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon 16060, Korea
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kim K, Wi S, Seo JH, Pyo S, Cho SR. Reduced Interaction of Aggregated α-Synuclein and VAMP2 by Environmental Enrichment Alleviates Hyperactivity and Anxiety in a Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030392. [PMID: 33801790 PMCID: PMC7998569 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent motor disease caused by the accumulation of mutated α-synuclein (α-Syn); however, its early stages are also characterized by non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety. The therapeutic effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on motor recovery have been reported, but its effects on non-motor symptoms remain unclear. Herein, we reveal the beneficial effects of EE on PD-related non-motor symptoms and changes in synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. To investigate its therapeutic effects in the early phase of PD, we randomly assigned eight-month-old mice overexpressing human A53T (hA53T) α-Syn to either the EE or standard condition groups for two months. Next, we performed behavioral tests and biochemical and histological analyses at 10 months of age. EE significantly alleviated locomotor hyperactivity and anxiety during the early stages of PD. It normalized the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphorylated and oligomeric α-Syn, and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex-forming proteins, including synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa, syntaxin1, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). Moreover, the interactions between VAMP2 and pSer129 α-Syn were markedly reduced following EE. The restoration of synaptic vesicle transportation status may underlie the neuroprotective effects of EE in hA53T α-Syn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungri Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soohyun Wi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soonil Pyo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.K.); (J.H.S.); (S.P.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3715
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15
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Tsai SJ. Role of interleukin 8 in depression and other psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110173. [PMID: 33186640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low grade neuroinflammation has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms of many psychiatric diseases as well as cognitive disorders. Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many cell types including macrophage and microglia, mainly functions as a neutrophil chemoattractant in the bloodstream. IL-8 is also found in the brain, where it is released from microglia in response to proinflammatory stimuli. In this review, we highlight studies focusing on the role of IL-8 in psychiatric diseases such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders and dementia. Increased peripheral IL-8 levels have been reported in these diseases, particularly in schizophrenic disorder, bipolar disorder, obstructive sleep apnea and autism spectrum disorder. The literature on IL-8 and major depression is inconsistent. IL-8 has been found to be a factor associated with schizophrenic prognosis and therapeutic response, and may affect a wide range of symptomatology. Considering that the exact role of immune alterations is still under research, the success of immune-based therapies in psychiatric diseases is limited for the time being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Zilcha-Mano S, Goldstein P, Dolev-Amit T, Shamay-Tsoory S. Oxytocin synchrony between patients and therapists as a mechanism underlying effective psychotherapy for depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 2021; 89:49-57. [PMID: 33507775 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxytocin (OT) synchrony has been suggested as a key mechanism by which bonds are formed and strengthened in various species, including those between mother and infant and between romantic partners. It is unknown whether such biological synchrony also plays a role in psychotherapy efficacy, where it may underlie the adverse effect of social impairment on the efficacy of treatment of depression. METHOD Five hundred eighty OT saliva samples were collected from 37 patient-therapist dyads on a fixed schedule over a 16-session ongoing randomized controlled trial for psychotherapy for depression. Biological synchrony was operationalized as the correlation between changes occurring repeatedly over treatment in patient and therapist OT levels pre- to postsession. RESULTS OT synchrony between patients and therapists was found to be associated with effective treatment. The findings support the proposed mediation model: (a) poorer social functioning at baseline predicted lower levels of patient-therapist synchrony in OT changes from pre- to postsession over the course of treatment; (b) lower levels of therapist-patient OT synchrony, in turn, predicted less reduction in depressive symptoms during treatment; and (c) based on quasi-Bayesian Monte Carlo simulations, the levels of therapist-patient synchrony significantly mediated the association between social impairment and reduction in depressive symptoms. Findings were replicated using robust inferential methods. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that OT synchrony between patient and therapist may be a biological mechanism by which impaired interpersonal functioning undermines treatment outcome. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Tretiakov A, Malakhova A, Naumova E, Rudko O, Klimov E. Genetic Biomarkers of Panic Disorder: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111310. [PMID: 33158196 PMCID: PMC7694264 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although panic disorder (PD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders severely impacting quality of life, no effective genetic testing exists; known data on possible genetic biomarkers is often scattered and unsystematic which complicates further studies. (2) Methods: We used PathwayStudio 12.3 (Elsevier, The Netherlands) to acquire literature data for further manual review and analysis. 229 articles were extracted, 55 articles reporting associations, and 32 articles reporting no associations were finally selected. (3) Results: We provide exhaustive information on genetic biomarkers associated with PD known in the scientific literature. Data is presented in two tables. Genes COMT and SLC6A4 may be considered the most promising for PD diagnostic to date. (4) Conclusions: This review illustrates current progress in association studies of PD and may indicate possible molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. This is a possible basis for data analysis, novel experimental studies, or developing test systems and personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii Tretiakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alena Malakhova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
| | - Elena Naumova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Olga Rudko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Eugene Klimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence:
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18
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Markey L, Hooper A, Melon LC, Baglot S, Hill MN, Maguire J, Kumamoto CA. Colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans perturbs the gut-brain axis through dysregulation of endocannabinoid signaling. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104808. [PMID: 32739746 PMCID: PMC7572798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health disorder worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of 5-7 % of the human population. Although the etiology of anxiety disorders is incompletely understood, one aspect of host health that affects anxiety disorders is the gut-brain axis. Adolescence is a key developmental window in which stress and anxiety disorders are a major health concern. We used adolescent female mice in a gastrointestinal (GI) colonization model to demonstrate that the commensal fungus Candida albicans affects host health via the gut-brain axis. In mice, bacterial members of the gut microbiota can influence the host gut-brain axis, affecting anxiety-like behavior and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis which produces the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). Here we showed that mice colonized with C. albicans demonstrated increased anxiety-like behavior and increased basal production of CORT as well as dysregulation of CORT production following acute stress. The HPA axis and anxiety-like behavior are negatively regulated by the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA). We demonstrated that C. albicans-colonized mice exhibited changes in the endocannabinoidome. Further, increasing AEA levels using the well-characterized fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 was sufficient to reverse both neuroendocrine phenotypes in C. albicans-colonized mice. Thus, a commensal fungus that is a common colonizer of humans had widespread effects on the physiology of its host. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microbial manipulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system that resulted in neuroendocrine changes contributing to anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Markey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Andrew Hooper
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Laverne C Melon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Samantha Baglot
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1Z4, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1Z4, Canada
| | - Jamie Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States
| | - Carol A Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States.
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19
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Won E, Kim YK. Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186546. [PMID: 32906843 PMCID: PMC7555994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates of anxiety disorders, with previous literature predominantly focusing on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, among the anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have frequently been associated with chronic stress, with chronically stressful situations being reported to precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders. Also, chronic stress has been reported to lead to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system disruption, which may in turn induce systemic proinflammatory conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests anxiety disorders are also associated with increased inflammation. Systemic inflammation can access the brain, and enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that have been shown to precipitate direct and indirect neurotoxic effects. Prefrontal and limbic structures are widely reported to be influenced by neuroinflammatory conditions. In concordance with these findings, various imaging studies on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder have reported alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of prefrontal and limbic structures. Further research is needed on the use of inflammatory markers and brain imaging in the early diagnosis of anxiety disorders, along with the possible efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-412-5140; Fax: +82-31-412-5144
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Usichenko T, Wenzel A, Klausenitz C, Petersmann A, Hesse T, Neumann N, Hahnenkamp K. Auricular stimulation vs. expressive writing for exam anxiety in medical students - A randomized crossover investigation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238307. [PMID: 32853281 PMCID: PMC7451547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auricular stimulation (AS) is a promising method in the treatment of situational anxiety. Expressive writing (EW) is an established psychological method, which reduces test anxiety and improves exam results. The aim of this crossover trial was to compare AS with EW, and with the no intervention (NI) condition, for treatment of exam anxiety. METHODS Healthy medical students underwent 3 comparable anatomy exams with an interval of one month, either performing EW, receiving AS or NI prior to the exam; the order of interventions was randomized. AS was applied using indwelling fixed needles bilaterally at the areas innervated mostly by the auricular branch of the vagal nerve on the day before the exam. Anxiety level, measured using State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the interventions and immediately before exam, was the primary outcome. Quality of night sleep, blood pressure, heart rate and activity of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) were analyzed across 3 conditions. RESULTS All 37 included participants completed the study. Anxiety level (STAI) decreased immediately after AS in comparison with baseline (P = 0.02) and remained lower in comparison with that after EW and NI (P<0.01) on the day of exam. After EW and NI anxiety increased on the day of exam in comparison with baseline (P<0.01). Quality of sleep improved after AS in comparison with both control conditions (P<0.01). The activity of sAA decreased after EW and after AS (P<0.05) but not after NI condition. CONCLUSION Auricular stimulation, but not expressive writing, reduced exam anxiety and improved quality of sleep in medical students. These changes might be due to reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Usichenko
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Catharina Klausenitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Hesse
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicola Neumann
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Functional Imaging Unit, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Hahnenkamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders range among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and belong to the leading disorders in the study of the total global burden of disease. Anxiety disorders are complex conditions, with not fully understood etiological mechanisms. Numerous factors, including psychological, genetic, biological, and chemical factors, are thought to be involved in their etiology. Although the diagnosis of anxiety disorders is constantly evolving, diagnostic manuals rely on symptom lists, not on objective biomarkers and treatment effects are small to moderate. The underlying biological factors that drive anxiety disorders may be better suited to serve as biomarkers for guiding personalized medicine, as they are objective and can be measured externally. Therefore, the incorporation of novel biomarkers into current clinical methods might help to generate a classification system for anxiety disorders that can be linked to the underlying dysfunctional pathways. The study of metabolites (metabolomics) in a large-scale manner shows potential for disease diagnosis, for stratification of patients in a heterogeneous patient population, for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and disease progression, and for defining therapeutic targets. All of these are important properties for anxiety disorders, which is a multifactorial condition not involving a single-gene mutation. This review summarizes recent investigations on metabolomics studies in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (C.P.); (T.P.)
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a complex set of illnesses in which genetic factors, particularly stress, play a role in the etiopathogenesis. In recent years, inflammation and intestinal microbiota have also been included in this complex network of relationships. The functions associated with tryptophan catabolism and serotonin biosynthesis have long been associated with anxiety disorders. Tryptophan catabolism progresses toward the path of the kynurenine in the presence of stress and inflammation. The catabolism of kynurenine is a pathway in which many enzymes play a role and a large number of catabolites with neuroactive properties occur. The body's serotonin biosynthesis is primarily performed by enterochromaffin cells located in the intestines. A change in the intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) directly affects the serotonin biosynthesis. Stress, unhealthy nutrition, and the use of antibiotics cause dysbiosis. In the light of this new perspective, the role of dysbiosis-induced inflammation and kynurenine pathway catabolites activated sequentially come into prominence in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Evrensel
- Department of Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Önen Ünsalver
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Documentation and Secretariat, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Ceylan
- Departments of Psychology and Philosophy, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zeev-Wolf M, Levy J, Ebstein RP, Feldman R. Cumulative Risk on Oxytocin-Pathway Genes Impairs Default Mode Network Connectivity in Trauma-Exposed Youth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:335. [PMID: 32528417 PMCID: PMC7256187 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the default mode network (DMN) is a core network essential for brain functioning, little is known about its developmental trajectory, particularly on factors associated with its coherence into a functional network. In light of adult studies indicating DMN's susceptibility to stress-related conditions, we examined links between variability on oxytocin-pathway genes and DMN connectivity in youth exposed to chronic war-related trauma Methods: Following a cohort of war-exposed children from early childhood, we imaged the brains of 74 preadolescents (age 11-13 years; 39 war-exposed) during rest using magnetoencephalography (MEG). A cumulative risk index on oxytocin-pathway genes was constructed by combining single nucleotide polymorphisms on five genes previously linked with social deficits and psychopathology; OXTR rs1042778, OXTR rs2254298, OXTRrs53576, CD38 rs3796863, and AVPR1A RS3. Avoidant response to trauma reminders in early childhood and anxiety disorders in late childhood were assessed as predictors of disruptions to DMN theta connectivity. Results: Higher vulnerability on oxytocin-pathway genes predicted greater disruptions to DMN theta connectivity. Avoidant symptoms in early childhood and generalized anxiety disorder in later childhood were related to impaired DMN connectivity. In combination, stress exposure, oxytocin-pathway genes, and stress-related symptoms explained 24.6% of the variance in DMN connectivity, highlighting the significant effect of stress on the maturing brain. Conclusions: Findings are the first to link the oxytocin system and maturation of the DMN, a core system sustaining autobiographical memories, alteration of intrinsic and extrinsic attention, mentalization, and sense of self. Results suggest that oxytocin may buffer the effects of chronic early stress on the DMN, particularly theta rhythms that typify the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Zeev-Wolf
- Department of Education, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Interdiscilinary Center Herzliya, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzliya, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Richard P. Ebstein
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Interdiscilinary Center Herzliya, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Herzliya, Israel
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Ruth Feldman
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Richards A, Kanady JC, Neylan TC. Sleep disturbance in PTSD and other anxiety-related disorders: an updated review of clinical features, physiological characteristics, and psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:55-73. [PMID: 31443103 PMCID: PMC6879567 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current report provides an updated review of sleep disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety-related disorders. First, this review provides a summary description of the unique and overlapping clinical characteristics and physiological features of sleep disturbance in specific DSM anxiety-related disorders. Second, this review presents evidence of a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and anxiety-related disorders, and provides a model to explain this relationship by integrating research on psychological and neurocognitive processes with a current understanding of neurobiological pathways. A heuristic neurobiological framework for understanding the bidirectional relationship between abnormalities in sleep and anxiety-related brain pathways is presented. Directions for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Richards
- The San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Kanady
- The San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- The San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Walther A, Tsao C, Pande R, Kirschbaum C, Field E, Berkman L. Do dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and testosterone influence women's depression and anxiety levels? Evidence from hair-based hormonal measures of 2105 rural Indian women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 109:104382. [PMID: 31374371 PMCID: PMC6842697 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Depressive and anxiety disorders substantially contribute to the global burden of disease, particularly in poor countries. Higher prevalence rates for both disorders among women indicate sex hormones may be integrated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. The Kshetriya Gramin Financial Services study surveyed a random sample of 4160 households across 876 villages in rural Tamil Nadu, India. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted to quantify depressive (K6-D) and anxiety (K6-A) symptoms. Alongside, hair samples for sex hormone profiling were collected from a subsample of 2105 women aged 18-85 years. Importantly, 5.9%, 14.8%, and 46.3% of samples contained non-detectable hormone levels for dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and testosterone, respectively. Our primary analysis imputes values for the non-detectable sample and we check robustness of results when non-detectable values are dropped. In this cohort of women from rural India, higher depressive symptomatology is associated with lower levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with higher levels of testosterone. Progesterone shows no clear association with either depressive or anxiety symptoms. These results support a potential protective effect of higher endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone levels. An important caveat on the potential negative effect of hair testosterone levels on women's mental health is that the testosterone analysis is sensitive to how non-detectable values are treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Walther
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Germany.
| | - C Tsao
- Princeton University, USA
| | - R Pande
- Department of Economics, Yale University, USA
| | | | - E Field
- Economics Department, Duke Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, USA
| | - L Berkman
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, USA
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang W, Yan H, Li S, Yang N. Mediating Roles of Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Sleep Quality on the Relationship Between Patient-Reported Physician Empathy and Inflammatory Markers in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7889-7897. [PMID: 31634896 PMCID: PMC6820358 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy between doctor and patient has an important bearing on patient health. The purpose of this study was to assess whether anxiety, sleep quality, and self-efficacy of patients have mediating effects in the relationship of patient-reported physician empathy and inflammatory factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 242 patients attended by 45 doctors. Self-reported doctors' empathy ability was measured at patient admission (T1), and patient-reported physician empathy was measured 3 months later (T2). Patient anxiety, general self-efficacy, sleep, and inflammatory factor (IL-6) were measured on T1 and T2. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between self-reported doctor empathy ability and patient indices on T1 and T2. The relationships between anxiety, sleep quality, self-efficacy, IL-6, and patient-reported physician empathy were measured by Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. RESULTS On T1, no significant correlation was reported between self-reported doctors' empathy ability and indices of the patients (P>0.05). On T2, self-reported doctors' empathy ability was significantly positively correlated with patient sleep and self-efficacy (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with patient anxiety and IL-6 (P<0.01). Moreover, on T2, patient-reported physician empathy was negatively correlated with anxiety and IL-6 and was positively correlated with self-efficacy and sleep quality. The effect of patient-reported physician empathy on IL-6 was mediated by anxiety, sleep quality, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep quality of UC patients had mediating effects in the relationship between patient-reported physician empathy and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfan Chen
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ningxi Yang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Whale R, Fialho R, Field AP, Campbell G, Tibble J, Harrison NA, Rolt M. Factor analyses differentiate clinical phenotypes of idiopathic and interferon-alpha-induced depression. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:519-524. [PMID: 31029797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that prolonged administration of interferon-alpha (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) readily precipitates depressive symptoms has played a key role in development of the inflammation theory of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether the clinical phenotype of patients with inflammation-associated depression significantly overlaps with, or can be distinguished from that of patients with 'idiopathic' depression. Here we explored the Hamilton depression scale factor structure of 172 patients undergoing interferon-alpha treatment for hepatitis-C at the point of transition to a depressive episode of DSM IV defined major depression severity. The resulting factor structure was first compared with a model derived from 6 previous studies of 'idiopathic' MDD (Cole et al., 2004). This confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of HAMD scores in our interferon-alpha treated cohort did not plausibly fit that previously described for 'idiopathic' MDD. Instead, subsequent exploratory factor analysis revealed a distinct four factor model with a novel primary factor grouping cognitive symptoms of depression and anxiety (HAMD items 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 15). The second sleep disorder factor (items 4, 5, 6) replicated previous findings in 'idiopathic' depression. A third and unique factor grouped somatic symptoms and function (items 7, 12, 13, 14 and item 1). The final factor (also common in idiopathic depression studies), grouped gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss (items 12 and 16). Severe depression items (3, 8, and 17) were excluded from analysis due to very low variance. At transition, interferon-alpha induced major depressive episodes therefore appears to have more associated anxiety features that covary with depressed mood than classical or 'idiopathic' MDD and a low likelihood of severe features such as suicidal ideation. Identification of this clinical phenotype may help identify patients with an inflammatory depression etiology and support the development of more effective and personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whale
- Immunopsychiatry Research Clinic, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RR, United Kingdom.
| | - Renata Fialho
- Immunopsychiatry Research Clinic, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Andy P Field
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Campbell
- Immunopsychiatry Research Clinic, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Tibble
- Digestive Diseases Centre, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Immunopsychiatry Research Clinic, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rolt
- Immunopsychiatry Research Clinic, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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Chang HA, Fang WH, Wan FJ, Tzeng NS, Liu YP, Shyu JF, Huang SY, Chang TC, Chang CC. Age-specific associations among functional COMT Val 158Met polymorphism, resting parasympathetic nervous control and generalized anxiety disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:57-64. [PMID: 30954919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The functional Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been implicated in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unexamined. Recent evidence reveals that low resting parasympathetic (vagal) control is an endophenotypic predictor of anxiety, while the effect of COMT rs4680 differs at different ages. Thus, we examined whether the COMT Val158Met variant could increase the risk of GAD through decreased resting parasympathetic nervous control in an age-specific manner. COMT rs4680 polymorphism was genotyped in 1,655 Han Chinese adults (1,142 healthy subjects and 513 patients with GAD; age: 20-65). High-frequency power (HF) of heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure resting state parasympathetic nervous regulation. Non-genetic factors, such as gender, smoking status, medication use and comorbidity conditions, were treated as covariates. After adjusting for relevant covariates, there was a significant age x COMT genotype interaction on resting HF of HRV. In younger adults, Met allele carriers had a significantly lower HF index; however, older adults exhibited the opposite pattern, with Val/Val homozygotes exhibiting decreased HF values. Moreover, reduced HF-HRV is associated with increased risk of GAD. Finally, pathway analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of COMT on the risk of GAD via reduced resting HF-HRV, in the aforementioned age-dependent manner. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with risk of GAD via reduced resting parasympathetic nervous control, an age-specific risk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jung Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yia-Ping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwu Shyu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Filho PWLL, Chaves Filho AJM, Vieira CFX, Oliveira TDQ, Soares MVR, Jucá PM, Quevedo J, Barichello T, Macedo D, das Chagas Medeiros F. Peritoneal endometriosis induces time-related depressive- and anxiety-like alterations in female rats: involvement of hippocampal pro-oxidative and BDNF alterations. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:909-925. [PMID: 30798429 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition affecting 10% of women in reproductive age. High rates of depression and anxiety are observed in these patients. The mechanisms underlying endometriosis-induced behavioral alterations are still elusive. Animal models provide a useful tool to study the temporal sequence and biological pathways involved in this disease and comorbid states. Here, we sought to characterize time-related behavioral alterations in rats submitted to endometriosis model (EM) induced by peritoneal auto-transplantation of uterine tissues weekly for three weeks. Corticosterone stress reactivity, oxidative stress markers - reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) - and brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus were also evaluated. We observed a progressive increase in anxiety-like behavior from 14th to 21st days post-EM. Despair-like behavior was observed from the 14th day post-EM on, while anhedonia and apathetic-like behaviors accompanied by increased corticosterone stress response were detected on 21 days post-EM. Increased pain sensitivity was observed from the 7th day post-EM and was accompanied by increased endometrioma weight. The pro-oxidative alterations, decreased GSH and increased SOD activity were observed on 21 days post-EM, except for lipid peroxidation that was altered from the 14th day. Decreased BDNF also occurred on the 21st day. Therefore, this study demonstrates that EM is related to several features of clinical depression and proposes the contribution of hippocampal oxidative state and neurotrophic support for the emergence of these changes. Our results support the use of this model as a useful tool to test new strategies for endometriosis-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Wagner Linhares Lima Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Charliene Freire Xavier Vieira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Queiroz Oliveira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Michelle Verde Ramo Soares
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Paloma Marinho Jucá
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina - UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1000. CEP, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Hao Z, Wang W, Guo R, Liu H. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (ATCC 27766) has preventive and therapeutic effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:132-142. [PMID: 30844607 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The realization that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a critical role in health and disease,including neuropsychiatric disorders, is rapidly advancing.An abundance of preclinical studies have shown that psychobiotics acting via the brain-gut-axis can affect brain development, function and behavior. Here we tested whether potential psychobiotics Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (ATCC 27766) has anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and reverse the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats. The experiment was divided into two phases, the first stage was CUMS procedure period and the second stage was convalescence period. SD male rats were administered Faecalibacterium prausnitzii for 4 weeks prior to testing during each period. Behavior, growth status, SCFAs produced, plasma cytokine, endocrinology and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed. Our findings indicate that the administration of F. prausnitzii had preventive and therapeutic effects on CUMS-induced depression-like and anxiety-like behavior. In addition, F. prausnitzii administration could significantly prevent the reduction of the whole-body, femur and tibia BMD during the recovery phase. Moreover, the growth status of rats fed the F. prausnitzii was better than the rats by CUMS. And F. prausnitzii administration led to higher levels of SCFAs in the cecum and higher levels of cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the plasma, prevented the effects on corticosterone, C-reaction protein and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) release induced by CUMS, changes that were associated with the effects seen on behavior. These results provide further evidence that gut microflora play a role in anxiety and depression. Subject to the confirmation of these results, probiotics might offer a useful novel therapeutic approach to neuropathological disorders and/or as adjunct therapies in psychiatric disorders and support the recent broadening of the definition of psychobiotic. Finally, this study supports F. prausnitzii has significant potential as a psychobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Hao
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 102402, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 102402, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 102402, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 102402, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Room 516, YiFu Building, 37# XueYuan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Chopra K, Katz JL, Quilty LC, Matthews S, Ravindran A, Levitan RD. Extraversion modulates cortisol responses to acute social stress in chronic major depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:316-323. [PMID: 30784994 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Major Depressive Disorder (CMDD) is a common, disabling illness that is often complicated by high reactivity to social stress. To further elucidate the nature of this reactivity, the current study evaluated whether the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion influenced cortisol responses to a social challenge in CMDD patients vs. controls. METHODS Fifty participants with CMDD and 58 healthy controls completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) using a standard protocol. Neuroticism and extraversion were measured using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Hierarchical linear regressions assessed associations between independent variables neuroticism and extraversion and dependent variable cortisol area-under-the-curve increase (AUCi) in response to the TSST in the two study groups. RESULTS The extraversion-by-group interaction was a significant predictor of cortisol AUCi, while no significant findings related to neuroticism were found. Simple slopes analysis revealed a significant negative association between extraversion and AUCi in the CMDD group, but not in healthy controls. Post-hoc analysis of the raw cortisol data over time found that CMDD participants with higher extraversion scores had significantly higher pre-challenge cortisol levels than did other study participants, however this did not explain or confound the AUCi results. CONCLUSIONS In participants with CMDD but not in controls, higher levels of extraversion were associated with higher pre-challenge cortisol levels and decreased cortisol reactivity during the TSST, however these two findings were statistically independent. These findings underline the importance of considering personality factors when studying stress biology in CMDD patients. Extraversion may prove to be an important intermediate target for both research and clinical work in this complex, heterogenous and often treatment-resistant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lena C Quilty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Casseb GAS, Ambrósio G, Rodrigues ALS, Kaster MP. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3, biochemical parameters and symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:527-535. [PMID: 30604028 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence support the role of vitamin D in brain function and behavior. This study investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels, biochemical profile and symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Symptoms of depression were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety was evaluated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Our sample included 36 individuals, mostly women 27(75%), 36.39 ± 9.72 years old, non-smokers 31(86.1%), body mass index of 26.57 ± 3.92 kg/m2, 27.95 ± 7.50% body fat. Participants were divided into those with 25(OH)D3 levels lower than 40 ng/mL (mean 28.16 ± 7.07) and equal or higher than 40 ng/mL (mean 53.19 ± 6.32). Those with lower 25(OH)D3 had higher levels of triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, high glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. No changes were observed in sociodemographic variables, body composition, inflammatory parameters and cortisol. Additionally, in the groups with low and high 25(OH)D3 levels, STAI state, STAI trait and BDI scores were not statistically different. Levels of 25(OH)D3 were inversely and independently associated with glucose and HOMA-IR, but not associated with triacylglycerol, depression and anxiety scores. Lower levels of 25(OH)D3 were associated with dysfunction in glucose metabolism but not with depression and anxiety in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleicilaine A S Casseb
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ambrósio
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil.
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de Rezende MG, Garcia-Leal C, Silva de Sá MF, Cavalli RDC, Del-Ben CM. Withdrawal of plasma estradiol is associated with increased anxiety reported by women in the first 12 hours after delivery. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:67-71. [PMID: 30419373 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify if the fall of plasma concentrations of steroid hormones in the first 12 h postpartum would be associated with changes in the same period in the emotional state of healthy women. Subjective and hormonal data were collected from 14 women (28.5 ± 7.1 years old) at zero (only hormones), 1, 2, 6 and 12 h after delivery. Subjective measures were taken using the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS), which consists of four factors (anxiety, sedation, discomfort, and cognitive impairment). Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay and estradiol and progesterone by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Women reported a significant increase in anxiety (relative increase: 43.8%±77.6) and discomfort (125.9%±218.5) within the 12 h postpartum. There were also significant decreases in the plasma concentration of estradiol (relative decrease: 96.5%±3.1), progesterone (78.1%±8.7) and cortisol (71.7%±18.0). The relative decrease in estradiol concentrations was significantly correlated with the relative increase in anxiety. No significant associations between progesterone and cortisol concentrations and subjective measures were observed. Changes of estradiol but not of progesterone and cortisol concentrations were associated with changes in the reported emotional state of healthy women in the immediate postpartum period. The role of this association as a predictor of mood disorders in the postpartum period should be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gonçalves de Rezende
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cybele Garcia-Leal
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Silva de Sá
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Carvalho Cavalli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gerritsen L, Staufenbiel SM, Penninx BWJH, van Hemert AM, Noppe G, de Rijke YB, van Rossum EFC. Long-term glucocorticoid levels measured in hair in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:246-252. [PMID: 30472466 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety disorders have been linked to a dysregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. Hair cortisol levels (HairF) reflect integrated long-term cortisol regulation and are therefore promising endocrine markers of chronic (psychological and physical) stress. Our aim was to assess hair cortisol levels in persons with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder and to compare their levels with that of persons in remission and healthy controls. METHODS Data from 1166 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were used, including 266 participants with a recent (1-month) diagnosis of a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, 655 participants with a diagnosis in remission, and 245 healthy controls. HairF was measured in the proximal three cm of scalp hair, using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Compared to the healthy controls no differences on HairF or HairE levels were found for depressive and anxiety disorders alone. However the presence of a comorbid depressive and anxiety disorder was significantly associated with increased HairF levels (β = 0.07; p = .031), as was the severity of depressive symptoms (β = 0.06; p = .029), but no differences were found on HairE nor the HairF:HairE ratio. CONCLUSIONS Persons with current diagnosis of comorbid depression and anxiety show moderately higher levels of cortisol than patients with only depression or anxiety, or patients in remission and healthy controls, which may be indicative of a chronic state of hyperactivation of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sabine M Staufenbiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Noppe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Lebowitz ER, Blumberg HP, Silverman WK. Negative peer social interactions and oxytocin levels linked to suicidal ideation in anxious youth. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:806-811. [PMID: 30699863 PMCID: PMC6361537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious youth are at risk for negative peer interactions including peer victimization, and for suicidal ideation. However, data about the pattern of association between these two factors are scarce. In this study we examined the association between negative peer interactions and suicidal ideation in a sample of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, and whether oxytocin, which has been shown to enhance the impact of social events, moderates the impact of negative peer interactions on suicidal ideation. METHOD Participants were 168 youths with primary anxiety disorders. All participants were assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews, and with self-report measures of suicidal ideation, negative peer interactions, anxiety, and depression. The anxious youths' salivary oxytocin levels were measured with immunoassay. RESULTS Thirty percent of the anxious youths reported suicidal ideation, with suicidal ideation severity associated with negative peer social interactions and depressive symptoms. Consistent with past data indicating that oxytocin enhances the impact of social events, the association between peer negative social interactions and suicidal ideation was stronger in youths with high oxytocin levels than in youths with low levels (i.e., moderation). LIMITATIONS Assessment focused on suicidal ideation and data on suicidal behavior were not available. Limitations inherent to immunoassay measurement of peripheral oxytocin levels are noted. CONCLUSION Negative peer interactions are associated with suicidal ideation in youth with anxiety disorders, and the association is stronger in youth with high oxytocin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli R Lebowitz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Hilary P Blumberg
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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Klimov E, Tretiakov A, Rudko O, Soboleva A, Danilin I, Korsunskaya I, Sobolev V. Psychodermatology: a molecular link between psoriasis and anxiety disorder. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2018; 27:179-183. [PMID: 30564830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes premises for the development of psychodermatology. An analysis of research literature and data is presented based on the example of psoriasis and anxiety disorder. Protein molecules with altered concentrations in patients with psoriasis and anxiety disorder compared to controls are identified (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2, corticotropin-release hormone, growth hormone 1, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor with increased concentration and brain-derived neurotrophic factor with decreased concentration). All molecules are secretory peptides. In the future, the information obtained may make it possible to pursue an in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms underlying psychodermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Klimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- University Diagnostic Laboratory, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemii Tretiakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rudko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Soboleva
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Danilin
- Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Korsunskaya
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sobolev
- University Diagnostic Laboratory, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera RAMS, Moscow, Russia
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Austin SB, Rosario M, McLaughlin KA, Roberts AL, Sarda V, Yu K, Missmer S, Anatale-Tardiff L, Scherer EA. Sexual orientation and salivary alpha-amylase diurnal rhythms in a cohort of U.S. young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:78-85. [PMID: 30015008 PMCID: PMC6138569 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minorities in the United States are at elevated risk of prejudice, discrimination, and violence victimization due to stigma associated with their sexual orientation. These stressors may contribute to physiological stress responses and changes in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). To date, no studies have examined the associations among minority sexual orientation, recent stressful events, and diurnal salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) patterns. The present study included 1663 young adults ages 18-32 years (31% men, 69% women) from the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort of U.S. youth. Participants provided five saliva samples over the course of one day to estimate diurnal sAA patterns. Sexual orientation groups included completely heterosexual with no same-sex partners (CH; referent), mostly heterosexual/completely heterosexual with same-sex partners, and gay/lesbian/bisexual (LB or GB). Sex-stratified multilevel models were fit to evaluate the association of sexual orientation with diurnal patterns of log sAA. The association of recent stressful events was also evaluated. Among women, sexual minorities scored significantly higher than CH on perceived stress and number of stressful events in the past month (p < 0.05). Among men, sexual minorities scored higher than CH on perceived stress but not recent stressful events. In multivariable models, recent stressful events were not associated with sAA patterns, but significant sexual orientation group differences in sAA diurnal rhythm were observed among women though not among men. Compared to CH women, LB showed a blunted awakening response and elevated sAA levels across the day, both indicators consistent with SNS dysregulation. Findings suggest dysregulation of stress physiology in LB women, but not other sexual minority women or men, relative to same-sex heterosexuals. Observed dysregulation may relate to exposure among LB women to chronic stressors associated with sexual orientation stigma, although these relations and differences by sex warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Margaret Rosario
- Department of Psychology, The City University of New York-The City College and Graduate Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vishnudas Sarda
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly Yu
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Anatale-Tardiff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily A Scherer
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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Logrip ML, Milivojevic V, Bertholomey ML, Torregrossa MM. Sexual dimorphism in the neural impact of stress and alcohol. Alcohol 2018; 72:49-59. [PMID: 30227988 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a widespread mental illness characterized by periods of abstinence followed by recidivism, and stress is the primary trigger of relapse. Despite the higher prevalence of alcohol use disorder in males, the relationship between stress and behavioral features of relapse, such as craving, is stronger in females. Given the greater susceptibility of females to stress-related psychiatric disorders, understanding sexual dimorphism in the relationship between stress and alcohol use is essential to identifying better treatments for both male and female alcoholics. This review addresses sex differences in the impact of stressors on alcohol drinking and seeking in rodents and humans. As these behavioral differences in alcohol use and relapse originate from sexual dimorphism in neuronal function, the impact of stressors and alcohol, and their interaction, on molecular adaptations and neural activity in males and females will also be discussed. Together, the data reviewed herein, arising from a symposium titled "Sex matters in stress-alcohol interactions" presented at the Fourth Volterra Conference on Stress and Alcohol, will highlight the importance of identifying sex differences to improve treatments for comorbid stress and alcohol use disorder in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Logrip
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Verica Milivojevic
- The Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
| | - Megan L Bertholomey
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
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Huang X, Xiaokaiti Y, Yang J, Pan J, Li Z, Luria V, Li Y, Song G, Zhu X, Zhang HT, O'Donnell JM, Xu Y. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 reverses gp91phox oxidase-mediated depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:176-185. [PMID: 30268520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) plays an important role in treatment of stress-related depression through regulation of antioxidant defense and neuroprotective mechanisms. However, the causal relationship between PDE2 and the prevalence of depression and anxiety upon exposure to oxidative stress has not been investigated. The present study examined whether the effects of PDE2 inhibition on oxidative stress were directly involved in reduced ROS by regulating NADPH subunits gp91phox oxidase. The results suggested that the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 reversed oxidative stress-induced behavioral signature, i.e. depression and anxiety. Pretreatment with the oxidizing agent DTNB completely blocked, while the reducing agent DTT and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin potentiated the effects of Bay 60-7550 on behavioral abnormalities, demonstrating the relationship between PDE2 and oxidative stress. Consistently, an in vitro test revealed the positive correlation between ROS and PDE2 levels. Moreover, Bay 60-7550 decreased corticosterone-induced gp91phox expression, which is the source of ROS. The subsequent study suggested that Bay 60-7550 induced decrease in ROS and increase in cAMP/cGMP, pVASP, pCREB, and the neurotrophic factor BDNF levels, which were completely blocked by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gp91phox overexpression and potentiated by gp91phox siRNA-based antioxidant strategies. The in vivo test in stressed mice further suggested that gp91phox overexpression completely blocked the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of Bay 60-7550, while gp91phox knockdown enhanced such effects. These results provide solid evidence that the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of Bay 60-7550 against stress are causally related to down-regulation of gp91phox and activation of the cAMP/cGMP-pVASP-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325021, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Victor Luria
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Beijing Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Yuanyuan J, Junyan Z, Cuola D, Jingjing C, Yuhui S, Dan X, Wei D, Yongsheng Z. Memantine attenuated alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behaviors through down-regulating NR1-CaMKII-ERK signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:133-139. [PMID: 30213620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and anxiety disorders often occur concurrently, but their underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) have recently received attention from those interested in the neurobiology of anxiety. A chronic alcohol exposure rat model (28 consecutive days of 20% alcohol intake and 6 h of withdrawal) was established. Here, we investigated the NMDAR1 (NR1), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors in rats exposed to an open field and elevated plus maze (EPM) through systematic injections of memantine (a NMDAR inhibitor). We found that the NR1-CaMKII-ERK signaling pathway was activated after alcohol withdrawal in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) but not core (NAcC). Memantine treatment greatly ameliorated anxiety-like behavior in the rats experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Moreover, memantine uniformly suppressed the phosphorylation of NR1-CaMKII-ERK pathway induced by alcohol withdrawal. Our results suggest that activation of the NR1-CaMKII-ERK pathway in the mPFC and NAcSh is an important contributor to the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety behaviors. NMDAR signaling pathway inhibitors are thus potential therapeutics for treating alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yuanyuan
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhu Junyan
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
| | - DeJi Cuola
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cui Jingjing
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shi Yuhui
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xu Dan
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Dang Wei
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shannxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhu Yongsheng
- College of Forensic Science, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Akaltun İ, Çayır A, Kara T, Ayaydın H. Is growth hormone deficiency associated with anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents?: A case-control study. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:23-27. [PMID: 29886327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are reported to experience failure in psychological maturation, and to have a lack of self-confidence in social life, and depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between GHD and anxiety disorders and depression in children and adolescents. METHOD 122 children and adolescents aged 7-17, 87 receiving GHD therapy and 35 before treatment, and 122 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All participants were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL-T). Diagnoses falling outside this semi-structured interview were made with clinical evaluation based on DSM-V diagnostic criteria. Participants were also assessed using an information form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C), the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) were significantly more common in children with GHD compared to the control group (p ≤0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). Receipt of treatment significantly reduced GAD and SAD rates in the group diagnosed with GHD (p = 0.012, and p = 0.014). Being in receipt of GH therapy also caused a significant decrease in STAIC (State) (p ≤0.001), STAIC (Trait) (p ≤0.001), SASC-R (p ≤0.001), and CDI (p ≤0.001) scale scores. Untreated subjects had more adverse scale scores than treated subjects, and treated subjects had more adverse scale scores than the control group. An increase was observed in all scale scores in the form of control group < treated group < pre-treatment group. IGF and GH-PEAK exhibited moderate negative correlation with STAIC-TRAIT, STAIC-STATE, and SASC-R, and weak negative, significant correlation with CDI (Spearman's rho p ≤0.05). CONCLUSION Having GHD and being in receipt of treatment resulted in lower scale scores. Children with GHD had higher GAD and SAD burdens compared to the healthy controls. The etiology of these children's existing psychiatric diseased now requires identification using more variables in psychosocial and hormonal terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Akaltun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Atilla Çayır
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Kara
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hamza Ayaydın
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Pfundmair M, Reinelt A, DeWall CN, Feldmann L. Oxytocin strengthens the link between provocation and aggression among low anxiety people. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 93:124-132. [PMID: 29727809 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) not only modulates positive social interactions but also affects negative ones. Several studies have established a link between OT and aggression. However, they also resulted in an inconsistent picture and showed methodological issues. The current studies aimed to address these lacks and test the hypothesis that OT increases provocation-induced aggression in people low in anxiety. Therefore, two studies with 56 males (Study 1) as well as 40 females and 24 males (Study 2) were conducted. After responding to a trait anxiety questionnaire, participants self-administered OT or a placebo. Thereafter, provocation was manipulated by rejecting vs. accepting (Study 1) or insulting vs. accepting (Study 2) the participants by real human counterparts. Aggressive behavior was quantified by measuring how much hot sauce (Study 1) or unpleasant blasts of white noise (Study 2) participants delivered to their opponents, using two classic aggression paradigms. Both studies provided evidence that OT promotes aggression in response to provocation in low anxiety people which was not the case with no provocation or in high anxiety people. These findings confirm the idea that OT can be involved in the creation of aggressive behavior when accounting for situational and dispositional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Pfundmair
- LMU-Munich, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 Munich, Germany.
| | - Annika Reinelt
- LMU-Munich, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 Munich, Germany.
| | - C Nathan DeWall
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, 123 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- University Hospital Munich, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Nußbaumstr. 5a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Godoy LD, Umeoka EHL, Ribeiro DE, Santos VR, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Joca SRL, Garcia-Cairasco N. Multimodal early-life stress induces biological changes associated to psychopathologies. Horm Behav 2018; 100:69-80. [PMID: 29548783 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidences suggest the contributive role of early-life stress (ELS) to affective and anxiety disorders. Chronic exposure to the same stressor may generate habituation, while the exposure to different and repeated stressors gradually promotes maladaptive plasticity. Therefore, to further understand the effects of heterotypic stressors during early life period, male Wistar rat pups (P1-P21) were exposed to Multimodal ELS paradigm. Results indicate pups did not habituate to multimodal ELS and neonates respond to both physical and psychogenic stressors. Adult rats that underwent ELS protocol showed significant lower sucrose intake, decreased latency to immobility in the forced swim test and increased latency to light compartment in the light-dark test when compared to control group. Although it has been shown that ELS-induced changes in hippocampus can be used as biomarkers, multimodal ELS did not significantly alter BDNF, Tyrosine Kinase B (TrkB) receptor expression or neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings indicate that multimodal ELS protocol can be an interesting experimental model for understanding long-term psychiatric disorders associated with stress. Indeed, our data with neurogenesis, BDNF and TrkB, and conflicting data from the literature, suggest that additional studies on synaptic plasticity/intracellular cascades would help to detect the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H L Umeoka
- Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Pharmacology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samia Regiane Lourenço Joca
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Maldonado A, Preciado A, Buchanan M, Pulvers K, Romero D, D'Anna-Hernandez K. Acculturative stress, mental health symptoms, and the role of salivary inflammatory markers among a Latino sample. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2018; 24:277-283. [PMID: 29154561 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to psychosocial stressors is associated with increases in adverse mental health outcomes and inflammatory markers. Limited research has investigated if acculturative stress, related to cultural adaptation in Latinos, one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States, follows a similar pattern. This study hypothesized that acculturative stress would be associated with increased mental health symptoms as well as increases in salivary inflammatory markers. In addition, it was hypothesized that higher levels of salivary inflammatory markers would mediate the pathways between acculturative stress and mental health symptoms. The ability of salivary inflammatory markers to moderate the relationship between acculturative stress and mental health symptoms was also tested. METHOD One hundred and fifty-four Latino participants were recruited from a local university. Participants completed measures of acculturative stress, perceived stress, state/trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Saliva samples measured C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-1β. RESULTS Acculturative stress was significantly associated with increases in perceived stress, state/trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Salivary inflammatory markers did not mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and mental health symptoms. Alternatively, CRP, but not IL-1β, moderated the relationship between acculturative stress and state anxiety, such that when salivary CRP levels were low, there was a positive association between acculturative stress and state anxiety symptoms. DISCUSSION Results suggests that the interplay between acculturative stress and salivary inflammation might indicate risk for anxiety in vulnerable populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Devan Romero
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos
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Décarie-Spain L, Sharma S, Hryhorczuk C, Issa-Garcia V, Barker PA, Arbour N, Alquier T, Fulton S. Nucleus accumbens inflammation mediates anxiodepressive behavior and compulsive sucrose seeking elicited by saturated dietary fat. Mol Metab 2018; 10:1-13. [PMID: 29454579 PMCID: PMC5985233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of depression is significantly compounded by obesity. Obesity arising from excessive intake of high-fat food provokes anxiodepressive behavior and elicits molecular adaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region well-implicated in the hedonic deficits associated with depression and in the control of food-motivated behavior. To determine the etiology of diet-induced depression, we studied the impact of different dietary lipids on anxiodepressive behavior and metabolic and immune outcomes and the contribution of NAc immune activity. METHODS Adult C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to isocaloric high-fat/high-sucrose diets (HFD), enriched in either saturated or monounsaturated fat, or a control low-fat diet (LFD). Metabolic responses, anxiodepressive behavior, and plasma and NAc inflammatory markers were assessed after 12 weeks. In separate experiments, an adenoviral construct inhibiting IKKβ, an upstream component of the nuclear factor kappa-b (NFkB) pathway, was a priori injected into the NAc. RESULTS Both HFDs resulted in obesity and hyperleptinemia; however, the saturated HFD uniquely triggered anxiety-like behavior, behavioral despair, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, peripheral inflammation, and multiple pro-inflammatory signs in the NAc, including reactive gliosis, increased expression of cytokines, antigen-presenting markers and NFкB transcriptional activity. Selective NAc IKKβ inhibition reversed the upregulated expression of inflammatory markers, prevented anxiodepressive behavior and blunted compulsive sucrose-seeking in mice fed the saturated HFD. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic inflammation and NFкB-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in the NAc contribute to the expression of anxiodepressive behavior and heightened food cravings caused by a diet high in saturated fat and sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Décarie-Spain
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Hryhorczuk
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor Issa-Garcia
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip A Barker
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Pfurtscheller G, Schwerdtfeger A, Seither‐Preisler A, Brunner C, Aigner CS, Calisto J, Gens J, Andrade A. Synchronization of intrinsic 0.1-Hz blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations in amygdala and prefrontal cortex in subjects with increased state anxiety. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:417-426. [PMID: 29368814 PMCID: PMC5887876 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency oscillations with a dominant frequency at 0.1 Hz are one of the most influential intrinsic blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals. This raises the question if vascular BOLD oscillations (originating from blood flow in the brain) and intrinsic slow neural activity fluctuations (neural BOLD oscillations) can be differentiated. In this study, we report on two different approaches: first, on computing the phase-locking value in the frequency band 0.07-0.13 Hz between heart beat-to-beat interval (RRI) and BOLD oscillations and second, between multiple BOLD oscillations (functional connectivity) in four resting states in 23 scanner-naïve, anxious healthy subjects. The first method revealed that vascular 0.1-Hz BOLD oscillations preceded those in RRI signals by 1.7 ± 0.6 s and neural BOLD oscillations lagged RRI oscillations by 0.8 ± 0.5 s. Together, vascular BOLD oscillations preceded neural BOLD oscillations by ~90° or ~2.5 s. To verify this discrimination, connectivity patterns of neural and vascular 0.1-Hz BOLD oscillations were compared in 26 regions involved in processing of emotions. Neural BOLD oscillations revealed significant phase-coupling between amygdala and medial frontal cortex, while vascular BOLD oscillations showed highly significant phase-coupling between amygdala and multiple regions in the supply areas of the anterior and medial cerebral arteries. This suggests that not only slow neural and vascular BOLD oscillations can be dissociated but also that two strategies may exist to optimize regulation of anxiety, that is increased functional connectivity between amygdala and medial frontal cortex, and increased cerebral blood flow in amygdala and related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural EngineeringGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | - Andreas Schwerdtfeger
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Graz8010GrazAustria
- Health Psychology and Applied DiagnosticsUniversity of WuppertalWuppertalGermany
| | - Annemarie Seither‐Preisler
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Department of Neuroradiology and NeurologyUniversity of Heidelberg Medical SchoolHeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Systematic MusicologyUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Clemens Brunner
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Christoph Stefan Aigner
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Institute of Medical EngineeringGraz University of TechnologyGrazAustria
| | - João Calisto
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - João Gens
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Alexandre Andrade
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
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Abstract
The expression of a wide range of social and affective behaviors, including aggression and investigation, as well as anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, involves interactions among many different physiological systems, including the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Recent work suggests that the gut microbiome may also play a critical role in modulating behavior and likely functions as an important integrator across physiological systems. Microbes within the gut may communicate with the brain via both neural and humoral pathways, providing numerous avenues of research in the area of the gut-brain axis. We are now just beginning to understand the intricate relationships among the brain, microbiome, and immune system and how they work in concert to influence behavior. The effects of different forms of experience (e.g., changes in diet, immune challenge, and psychological stress) on the brain, gut microbiome, and the immune system have often been studied independently. Though because these systems do not work in isolation, it is essential to shift our focus to the connections among them as we move forward in our investigations of the gut-brain axis, the shaping of behavioral phenotypes, and the possible clinical implications of these interactions. This review summarizes the recent progress the field has made in understanding the important role the gut microbiome plays in the modulation of social and affective behaviors, as well as some of the intricate mechanisms by which the microbiome may be communicating with the brain and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn E Sylvia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Gregory E Demas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Groesbeck G, Bach D, Stapleton P, Blickheuser K, Church D, Sims R. The Interrelated Physiological and Psychological Effects of EcoMeditation. J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2515690X18759626. [PMID: 29502445 PMCID: PMC5871048 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x18759626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated changes in psychological and physiological markers during a weekend meditation workshop (N = 34). Psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and happiness were assessed. Physiological markers included cortisol, salivary immunoglobulin A (SigA), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate (RHR). On posttest, significant reductions were found in cortisol (-29%, P < .0001), RHR (-5%, P = .0281), and pain (-43%, P = .0022). Happiness increased significantly (+11%, P = .0159) while the increase in SigA was nonsignificant (+27%, P = .6964). Anxiety, depression, and PTSD all declined (-26%, P = .0159; -32%, P = .0197; -18%, P = .1533), though changes in PTSD did not reach statistical significance. No changes were found in BP, HRV, and heart coherence. Participants were assessed for psychological symptoms at 3-month follow-up, but the results were nonsignificant due to inadequate sample size (n = 17). EcoMeditation shows promise as a stress-reduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Groesbeck
- National Institute for Integrative Healthcare, Fulton, CA, USA
| | - Donna Bach
- National Institute for Integrative Healthcare, Fulton, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dawson Church
- National Institute for Integrative Healthcare, Fulton, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, neuroinflammation and the immune-kynurenine pathway have received increased attention in the psychoimmunology field of major depressive disorder (MDD), while studies related to anxiety disorders have been very limited. OBJECTIVE This study reviewed possible mechanisms by which stress or inflammation modulate anxiety through tryptophan metabolism and the kynurenine pathway. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed. RESULTS Accumulating evidence has indicated the modulatory effects of the immune-kynurenine pathway on anxiety. The tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) in the kynurenine pathway imbalanced by stress or inflammation induce serotonin and melatonin deficiency, making anxiety reactions more sensitive. In addition, TRYCATs cause or sustain anxiety by acting as endogenous anxiogens or anxiolytics, an NMDA agonist or antagonist, or a free radical generator. CONCLUSION We hope that our understanding of the psychoimmunological mechanisms of anxiety will be expanded and anxiety-related studies will receive greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Won Jeon
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; Tel: +82-2-2001-2073; Fax: +82-2-2001-2211; E-mail:
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Capron LE, Ramchandani PG, Glover V. Maternal prenatal stress and placental gene expression of NR3C1 and HSD11B2: The effects of maternal ethnicity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:166-172. [PMID: 29100173 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress is associated with altered fetal and infant development. Previous studies have suggested that these effects may be mediated in part via altered functioning of placental enzymes and receptors involved in the HPA-axis, including the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and HSD11B2, the enzyme which metabolises cortisol. However, previous studies have not examined the potential ethnicity effects on these associations. This study aimed to characterise the association between maternal prenatal stress and placental genes expression and subsequently, any potential effect of maternal ethnicity. METHOD Pregnant women(n=83) were recruited prior to elective caesarean section and assessed for trait anxiety, depression and life events. Placentas were collected and placental gene expression of NR3C1 and HSD11B2 were analysed. We examined associations between maternal prenatal stress and placental gene expression, and the tested for a possible moderating effect of maternal ethnicity(59.0% Caucasian;41.0% non-Caucasian:12.0% South Asian;6.0% African/African-American;14.4% Other;8.4% Mixed). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated a trend in the association between both maternal trait anxiety and depression symptoms with placental gene expression of NR3C1(adj.β=0.220,p=0.067;adj.β=0.212,p=0.064 respectively). We found a significant interaction with maternal ethnicity(β=0.249;p=0.033). In Caucasian women only prenatal trait anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with an increase in placental NR3C1 expression(adj.β=0.389,p=0.010;adj.β=0.294;p=0.047 respectively). Prenatal life events were associated with a down regulation of HSD11B2(adj.β=0.381;p=0.008), but only in Caucasians. CONCLUSION These results support previous findings of an association between maternal prenatal stress and the expression of placental genes associated with the HPA-axis, but only in Caucasians. These ethnic specific findings are novel and require replication in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Capron
- Section of Women's Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
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