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Nozaki N, Mori K, Tanioka T, Mori K, Takahashi K, Hashimoto H, Tayama T, Goji A, Mori T. Bilateral Prefrontal Cortex Blood Flow Dynamics during Silent and Oral Reading Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Med Invest 2024; 71:92-101. [PMID: 38735731 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.71.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate blood flow dynamics in the bilateral prefrontal cortex during silent and oral reading using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The subjects were 40 right-handed university students (20.5±1.8 years old, 20 men and 20 women). After completing the NIRS measurements, the subjects were asked to rate their level of proficiency in silent and oral reading, using a 5-point Likert scale. During oral reading, the left lateral prefrontal cortex (Broca's area) was significantly more active than the right side. During silent reading, prefrontal cortex activity was lower than that during oral reading, and there was no significant difference between both sides of the brain. A significant negative correlation was found between the change in oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in the left and right lateral prefrontal cortex during silent reading and silent reading speed. In addition, students with lower self-reported reading proficiency had significantly greater changes in oxy-Hb concentrations in the left and right lateral prefrontal cortex during silent/oral reading than did students with higher self-reported reading proficiency. Reading task assessment using NIRS may be useful for identifying language lateralization and Broca's area. The results demonstrate that NIRS is useful for assessing effortful reading and may be used to diagnose developmental dyslexia in children. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 92-101, February, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsue Nozaki
- PhD Student, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Mori
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Tokushima University Hospital, Mental Consultation Room for Children and Parents
| | - Tetsuya Tanioka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keiko Mori
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumi Takahashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Goji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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McDowell CP, Newman L, Monroe DC, O’Connor JD, Knight SP, Kenny RA, Herring MP. The Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Resting-State Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation Is Modified by Self-Reported Physical Activity: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1391-1397. [PMID: 33780537 PMCID: PMC8600010 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with anxiety disorders exhibit lower intrinsic functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical areas and subcortical regions. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of physical activity (PA), while the anxiolytic effects of PA are well known. The current study examined the association of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its interaction with PA, with resting-state, left PFC oxygenation. This cross-sectional study used data from participants (N = 2444) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative prospective study of community-living adults aged 50 and older in Ireland. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form determined fulfillment of criteria for GAD. The short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire determined adherence to the World Health Organization PA guidelines. Resting-state, left PFC oxygenation was continuously measured via a Portalite. Tissue saturation index (TSI) was calculated as the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total tissue hemoglobin (expressed as a percentage) for the final minute of a 5-minute supine-rest period. Multivariable linear regression quantified associations of GAD with TSI in the total population and population stratified by PA status. Participants with GAD had lower TSI (b = -1.416, p = .008) compared to those without GAD. However, this association was modified by PA. Among participants who met the PA guidelines, TSI did not differ according to GAD status (b = -0.800, p = .398). For participants who did not meet the guidelines, TSI was significantly lower among those with GAD (b = -1.758, p = .004). These findings suggest that PA may help to protect brain health among older adults with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cillian P McDowell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek C Monroe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - John D O’Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matt P Herring
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
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Csipo T, Lipecz A, Mukli P, Bahadli D, Abdulhussein O, Owens CD, Tarantini S, Hand RA, Yabluchanska V, Kellawan JM, Sorond F, James JA, Csiszar A, Ungvari ZI, Yabluchanskiy A. Increased cognitive workload evokes greater neurovascular coupling responses in healthy young adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250043. [PMID: 34010279 PMCID: PMC8133445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the brain allocates resources to match the demands of active neurons under physiological conditions is critically important. Increased metabolic demands of active brain regions are matched with hemodynamic responses known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). Several methods that allow noninvasive assessment of brain activity in humans detect NVC and early detection of NVC impairment may serve as an early marker of cognitive impairment. Therefore, non-invasive NVC assessments may serve as a valuable tool to detect early signs of cognitive impairment and dementia. Working memory tasks are routinely employed in the evaluation of cognitive task-evoked NVC responses. However, recent attempts that utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) or transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) while using a similar working memory paradigm did not provide convincing evidence for the correlation of the hemodynamic variables measured by these two methods. In the current study, we aimed to compare fNIRS and TCD in their performance of differentiating NVC responses evoked by different levels of working memory workload during the same working memory task used as cognitive stimulation. Fourteen healthy young individuals were recruited for this study and performed an n-back cognitive test during TCD and fNIRS monitoring. During TCD monitoring, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow was bilaterally increased during the task associated with greater cognitive effort. fNIRS also detected significantly increased activation during a more challenging task in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and in addition, widespread activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was also revealed. Robust changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics may explain the profound change in MCA blood flow during the same cognitive task. Overall, our data support our hypothesis that both TCD and fNIRS methods can discriminate NVC evoked by higher demand tasks compared to baseline or lower demand tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dhay Bahadli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Osamah Abdulhussein
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Cameron D. Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Hand
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Bon Secours St. Francis Family Medicine Center, Midlothian, Virginia, United States of America
| | - J. Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan I. Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thomas KR, Osuna JR, Weigand AJ, Edmonds EC, Clark AL, Holmqvist S, Cota IH, Wierenga CE, Bondi MW, Bangen KJ. Regional hyperperfusion in older adults with objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1001-1012. [PMID: 32615887 PMCID: PMC8054731 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20935171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), CBF patterns across prodromal stages of AD remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated patterns of regional CBF in 162 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants characterized as cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 80), objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD; n = 31), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 51). Arterial spin labeling MRI quantified regional CBF in a priori regions of interest: hippocampus, inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and rostral middle frontal gyrus. Obj-SCD participants had increased hippocampal and inferior parietal CBF relative to CU and MCI participants and increased inferior temporal CBF relative to MCI participants. CU and MCI groups did not differ in hippocampal or inferior parietal CBF, but CU participants had increased inferior temporal CBF relative to MCI participants. There were no CBF group differences in the two frontal regions. Thus, we found an inverted-U pattern of CBF signal across prodromal AD stages in regions susceptible to early AD pathology. Hippocampal and inferior parietal hyperperfusion in Obj-SCD may reflect early neurovascular dysregulation, whereby higher CBF is needed to maintain cognitive functioning relative to MCI participants, yet is also reflective of early cognitive inefficiencies that distinguish Obj-SCD from CU participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Thomas
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica R Osuna
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Weigand
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily C Edmonds
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Holmqvist
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Isabel H Cota
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Herold F, Behrendt T, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:10. [PMID: 33588769 PMCID: PMC7885414 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a positive correlation between measures of muscular strength and cognitive abilities. However, the neurophysiological correlates of this relationship are not well understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical hemodynamics [i.e., changes in concentrations of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb)] as a possible link between measures of muscular strength and cognitive performance. METHODS In a cohort of younger adults (n = 39, 18-30 years), we assessed (i) handgrip strength by a handhold dynamometer, (ii) short-term working memory performance by using error rates and reaction times in the Sternberg task, and (iii) cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS We observed low to moderate negative correlations (rp = ~ - 0.38 to - 0.51; p < 0.05) between reaction time and levels of oxyHb in specific parts of the PFC. Furthermore, we noticed low to moderate positive correlations (rp = ~ 0.34 to 0.45; p < 0.05) between reaction times and levels of deoxyHb in distinct parts of the PFC. Additionally, higher levels of oxyHb (rp (35) = 0.401; p = 0.014) and lower levels of deoxyHb (rp (34) = - 0.338; p = 0.043) in specific parts of the PFC were linked to higher percentage of correct answers. We also found low to moderate correlations (p < 0.05) between measures of handgrip strength and levels of oxyHb (rp = ~ 0.35; p < 0.05) and levels of deoxyHb (rp = ~ - 0.25 to - 0.49; p < 0.05) in specific parts of the PFC. However, there was neither a correlation between cognitive performance and handgrip strength nor did cortical hemodynamics in the PFC mediate the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for a positive neurobehavioral relationship between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive performance. Our findings further imply that in younger adults higher levels of handgrip strength positively influence cortical hemodynamics although the latter did not necessarily culminate in better cognitive performance. Future research should examine whether the present findings can be generalized to other cohorts (e.g., older adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
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Croft RJ, Kölegård R, Tribukait A, Taylor NAS, Eiken O. Effects of Acceleration-Induced Reductions in Retinal and Cerebral Oxygenation on Human Performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2021; 92:75-82. [PMID: 33468287 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5731.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ischemic hypoxia induced by suprathreshold G-force loading can adversely affect vision, cognition, and lead to loss of consciousness (LOC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether reductions in cerebral oxygenation, caused by subthreshold G-forces (up to 4 Gz and of limited durations that do not lead to LOC), would affect visual perception and working memory performance.METHODS: Sixteen subjects performed visual perception and working memory tasks both before and during Gz exposures (1, 2.2, 3, 4 with leg pressurization, 4 with leg and abdomen pressurization) within a human-use centrifuge.RESULTS: As measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, blood oxygenation over medial prefrontal cortex was similar in the 1 and 2.2 Gz conditions, but was reduced to a similar extent in the 3 and 4 Gz conditions. In parallel, visual perception accuracy was reduced in the 3 and 4 Gz conditions, with no difference between the 3 and 4 Gz conditions. No change in reaction time was seen. Conversely, neither accuracy nor reaction time changes were observed for the visual working memory task.DISCUSSION: These results indicate that although visual working memory is not affected, the ability to visually discriminate between stimuli is reduced at G-forces as low as 3 and 4 Gz. This may have important ramifications for pilots who are routinely subjected to such forces.Croft RJ, Klegrd R, Tribukait A, Taylor NAS, Eiken O. Effects of acceleration-induced reductions in retinal and cerebral oxygenation on human performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):7582.
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Lee WJ, Cho KR, Choi JW, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Nam DH, Kim YD, Woo KI, Lee JI. Stereotactic radiosurgery for orbital cavernous venous malformation: a single center's experience for 15 years. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:357-364. [PMID: 32929542 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic radiosurgery such as Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been shown to have a good treatment effect for orbital cavernous venous malformation (CVM). However, radiation-induced retinopathy or optic neuropathy is a vision-threatening complication of orbital irradiation. Predicting the post-treatment visual outcome is critical. METHODS Clinical and radiological outcomes were investigated in 30 patients who underwent GKRS for orbital CVM between July 2005 and February 2020. Measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) was obtained in 14 patients. RESULTS The median clinical and radiological follow-up periods were 46.6 months (range, 15.9-105.8) and 27.5 months (range, 15.4-105.8), respectively. Twenty-eight patients underwent multisession (4 fractions) GKRS. The median cumulative marginal dose was 20 Gy (range, 16-24). Two patients underwent single-session GKRS. Marginal doses were 15 Gy and 10.5 Gy in each patient. The volume of CVM decreased in 29 (97%) patients. Visual acuity was improved in 6 (20%) patients and was stable in 22 (73%) patients. Visual field defect and exophthalmos were improved in all patients. Serial investigation of OCT showed no statistically significant difference in pRNFL thickness after GKRS. Patients with normal average pRNFL thickness showed better visual recovery than patients with thin average pRNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS GKRS is an effective and safe treatment option for orbital CVM. The pRNFL thickness before GKRS can be a prognostic indicator for visual recovery in orbital CVM after GKRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Rae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Duck Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung In Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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Mahmoudzadeh M, Wallois F, Tir M, Krystkowiak P, Lefranc M. Cortical hemodynamic mapping of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian patients, using high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245188. [PMID: 33493171 PMCID: PMC7833160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Despite recent progress, the mechanisms responsible for the technique's effectiveness have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to gain new insights into the interactions between STN-DBS and cortical network activity. We therefore combined high-resolution functional near-infrared spectroscopy with low-resolution electroencephalography in seven Parkinsonian patients on STN-DBS, and measured cortical haemodynamic changes at rest and during hand movement in the presence and absence of stimulation (the ON-stim and OFF-stim conditions, respectively) in the off-drug condition. The relative changes in oxyhaemoglobin [HbO], deoxyhaemoglobin [HbR], and total haemoglobin [HbT] levels were analyzed continuously. At rest, the [HbO], [HbR], and [HbT] over the bilateral sensorimotor (SM), premotor (PM) and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) cortices decreased steadily throughout the duration of stimulation, relative to the OFF-stim condition. During hand movement in the OFF-stim condition, [HbO] increased and [HbR] decreased concomitantly over the contralateral SM cortex (as a result of neurovascular coupling), and [HbO], [HbR], and [HbT] increased concomitantly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-suggesting an increase in blood volume in this brain area. During hand movement with STN-DBS, the increase in [HbO] was over the contralateral SM and PM cortices was significantly lower than in the OFF-stim condition, as was the decrease in [HbO] and [HbT] in the DLPFC. Our results indicate that STN-DBS is associated with a reduction in blood volume over the SM, PM and DLPF cortices, regardless of whether or not the patient is performing a task. This particular effect on cortical networks might explain not only STN-DBS's clinical effectiveness but also some of the associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélissa Tir
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Krystkowiak
- Neurology Department, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Lefranc
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
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McManus R, Ioussoufovitch S, Froats E, St Lawrence K, Van Uum S, Diop M. Dynamic response of cerebral blood flow to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21300. [PMID: 33277531 PMCID: PMC7718270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the onset of hypoglycemia may play a key role in hypoglycemia unawareness; however, there is currently a paucity of techniques that can monitor adult CBF with high temporal resolution. Herein, we investigated the use of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor the dynamics of CBF during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in adults. Plasma glucose concentrations, cortisol levels, and changes in CBF were measured before and during hypoglycemia in 8 healthy subjects. Cerebral blood flow increased by 42% following insulin injection with a delay of 17 ± 10 min, while the onset of hypoglycemia symptoms was delayed by 24 ± 11 min. The findings suggest that the onset of CBF increments precedes the appearance of hypoglycemia symptoms in nondiabetic subjects with normal awareness to hypoglycemia, and DCS could be a valuable tool for investigating the role of CBF in hypoglycemia unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McManus
- St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Seva Ioussoufovitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | - Keith St Lawrence
- St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Stan Van Uum
- St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Mamadou Diop
- St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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10
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Camacho MC, King LS, Ojha A, Garcia CM, Sisk LM, Cichocki AC, Humphreys KL, Gotlib IH. Cerebral blood flow in 5- to 8-month-olds: Regional tissue maturity is associated with infant affect. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12928. [PMID: 31802580 PMCID: PMC8931704 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infancy is marked by rapid neural and emotional development. The relation between brain function and emotion in infancy, however, is not well understood. Methods for measuring brain function predominantly rely on the BOLD signal; however, interpretation of the BOLD signal in infancy is challenging because the neuronal-hemodynamic relation is immature. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) provides a context for the infant BOLD signal and can yield insight into the developmental maturity of brain regions that may support affective behaviors. This study aims to elucidate the relations among rCBF, age, and emotion in infancy. One hundred and seven mothers reported their infants' (infant age M ± SD = 6.14 ± 0.51 months) temperament. A subsample of infants completed MRI scans, 38 of whom produced usable perfusion MRI during natural sleep to quantify rCBF. Mother-infant dyads completed the repeated Still-Face Paradigm, from which infant affect reactivity and recovery to stress were quantified. We tested associations of infant age at scan, temperament factor scores, and observed affect reactivity and recovery with voxel-wise rCBF. Infant age was positively associated with CBF in nearly all voxels, with peaks located in sensory cortices and the ventral prefrontal cortex, supporting the formulation that rCBF is an indicator of tissue maturity. Temperamental Negative Affect and recovery of positive affect following a stressor were positively associated with rCBF in several cortical and subcortical limbic regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. This finding yields insight into the nature of affective neurodevelopment during infancy. Specifically, infants with relatively increased prefrontal cortex maturity may evidence a disposition toward greater negative affect and negative reactivity in their daily lives yet show better recovery of positive affect following a social stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amar Ojha
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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11
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Nagasawa T, Ohta M, Uchiyama H. Effects of the characteristic temperament of cats on the emotions and hemodynamic responses of humans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235188. [PMID: 32584860 PMCID: PMC7316254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats positive effects on their owners' physiological and psychological health, including improved mood and activation of the human prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus in the brain. However, the association between the health benefits provided by cat ownership and the characteristic behaviors and reactions of cats is unclear. We recruited 29 participants to measure human prefrontal cortex activity, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, during interactions with a cat. After the experiments, participants subjectively responded to a questionnaire regarding success rates for interactions with the cat, and completed the Self-assessment Manikin-a scale used to measure emotion. Interactions comprised eight types in four categories (touch, play, train, and feed). This study showed that interactions with a cat significantly activated the prefrontal cortex, regardless of interaction type. During training, the integral values of oxygenated hemoglobin in the left inferior frontal gyrus were the highest in all the interaction categories; however, success rates were lower than in the touch and feed interactions. Regarding the Self-assessment Manikin scores, all interaction categories showed a positive correlation between success rate and valence score, especially in the train and play interactions than in the touch and feed interactions. These results indicate that interactions with a cat activate the prefrontal cortex in humans, including the inferior frontal gyrus region. Moreover, cats' autonomous behaviors and reactions positively influenced the participants. The characteristic temperament of cats may be a key factor influencing the health benefits of owning cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture Studies Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture Studies Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Uchiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Willis SJ, Borrani F, Millet GP. Leg- vs arm-cycling repeated sprints with blood flow restriction and systemic hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1819-1828. [PMID: 31187281 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to compare changes in peripheral and cerebral oxygenation, as well as metabolic and performance responses during conditions of blood flow restriction (BFR, bilateral vascular occlusion at 0% vs. 45% of resting pulse elimination pressure) and systemic hypoxia (~ 400 m, FIO2 20.9% vs. ~ 3800 m normobaric hypoxia, FIO2 13.1 ± 0.1%) during repeated sprint tests to exhaustion (RST) between leg- and arm-cycling exercises. METHODS Seven participants (26.6 ± 2.9 years old; 74.0 ± 13.1 kg; 1.76 ± 0.09 m) performed four sessions of RST (10-s maximal sprints with 20-s recovery until exhaustion) during both leg and arm cycling to measure power output and metabolic equivalents as well as oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) of the muscle tissue and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Mean power output was lower in arms than legs (316 ± 118 vs. 543 ± 127 W; p < 0.001) and there were no differences between conditions for a given limb. Arms demonstrated greater changes in concentration of deoxyhemoglobin (∆[HHb], - 9.1 ± 6.1 vs. - 6.5 ± 5.6 μm) and total hemoglobin concentration (∆[tHb], 15.0 ± 10.8 vs. 11.9 ± 7.9 μm), as well as the absolute maximum tissue saturation index (TSI, 62.0 ± 8.3 vs. 59.3 ± 8.1%) than legs, respectively (p < 0.001), demonstrating a greater capacity for oxygen extraction. Further, there were greater changes in tissue blood volume [tHb] during BFR only compared to all other conditions (p < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS The combination of BFR and/or hypoxia led to increased changes in [HHb] and [tHb] likely due to greater vascular resistance, to which arms were more responsive than legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Willis
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Building Synathlon, Quarter UNIL-Centre, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Building Synathlon, Quarter UNIL-Centre, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Building Synathlon, Quarter UNIL-Centre, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Yamagata B, Yamanaka K, Takei Y, Hotta S, Hirano J, Tabuchi H, Mimura M. Brain functional alterations observed 4-weekly in major depressive disorder following antidepressant treatment. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:25-31. [PMID: 30959413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition. Identifying the brain responses to antidepressant treatment is of particular interest as these may represent potential neural networks related to treatment response, forming one aspect of the biological markers of MDD. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is suitable for repeated measurements with short intervals because of its noninvasiveness, and can provide detailed time courses of functional alterations in prefrontal regions. METHODS We conducted a 12-week longitudinal study to explore prefrontal hemodynamic changes at 4-week intervals following sertraline treatment in 11 medication-naïve participants with MDD using 52-channel NIRS. RESULTS While all participants achieved remission after treatment, intra-class correlation coefficient of oxygenated hemoglobin [oxy-Hb] values throughout the 12-week observation was moderate at the spatially and temporally contiguous cluster located in the left inferior frontal and temporal gyri. There was a significant negative correlation between mean [oxy-Hb] values in the significant cluster at 4 weeks and changes in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score from 4 to 8 weeks (r = -0.73, P = 0.011) and from 4 to 12 weeks (r = -0.63, P = 0.039). LIMITATIONS Without healthy controls for comparison, we were unable to fully evaluate whether improvement of [oxy-Hb] activations after treatment in MDD reached normal levels or not. CONCLUSION Our NIRS findings of detailed prefrontal hemodynamic alterations over short interval observations such as 4 weeks may have revealed potential trait marker for MDD and biological maker for predicting clinical response to sertraline treatment in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Yamagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaori Yamanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shogo Hotta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jinichi Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hajime Tabuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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14
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Krzystanek M, Pałasz A. NMDA Receptor Model of Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Hypofrontality. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061442. [PMID: 30901926 PMCID: PMC6471005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disease, affecting around 1% of the general population. Schizophrenia is characterized by productive, negative, affective, and disorganization symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Cognitive deficits prevail in most of the schizophrenia patients and are one of the most disabling symptoms. They usually occur before the acute episode of the disease and tend to become chronic with no satisfactory treatment from antipsychotic drugs. Because of their early manifestation in patients’ lives, cognitive deficits are suggested to be the primary symptom of schizophrenia. The pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia is not fully understood. They are linked with hypofrontality, which is a decrease in blood flow and glucose metabolism in the prefrontal lobe of schizophrenia-suffering patients. Hypofrontality is linked with disturbances of the corticolimbothalamic circuit, important for cognition and memory in humans. The circuit consists of a group of neuroanatomic structures and hypothetically any disturbance in them may result in cognitive deficits. We present a translational preclinical model of understanding how antipsychotic medication may decrease the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors’ activity and produce dysfunctions in the corticolimbothalamic circuit and hypofrontality. From several pharmacological experiments on rats, including mainly our own recent findings, we collected data that suggest that antipsychotic medication may maintain and escalate hypofrontality in schizophrenia, decreasing NMDA receptor activity in the corticolimbothalamic circuit in the human brain. We discuss our findings within the literature of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine in Katowice, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Lancia S, Choi J, Baek J, Mammarella S, Bianco D, Quaresima V, Ferrari M. Trail Making Test Induces Prefrontal Cortex Activation as Revealed by a cw Wearable-Wireless fNIRS/DOT Imager. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1072:139-144. [PMID: 30178336 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of low-cost wearable continuous wave (cw) fNIRS/DOT devices is supposed to revolutionize cortical human brain mapping in the real-life. Ecological paper-pencil tests, as the Trail Making Test (TMT), are commonly used in neuropsychological clinics but its neural substrates are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to map, using a new cw wearable fNIRS/DOT imager (NIRSIT), the prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic response in healthy subjects while performing the TMT. The ANOVA analysis, performed on the 60 region-DOT data, shows a significant task-related activation of the PFC. These preliminary results support the validity of this wearable technology to provide online high-density PFC activation maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lancia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Mammarella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Denise Bianco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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16
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Qiu H, Li X, Luo Q, Li Y, Zhou X, Cao H, Zhong Y, Sun M. Alterations in patients with major depressive disorder before and after electroconvulsive therapy measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). J Affect Disord 2019; 244:92-99. [PMID: 30326347 PMCID: PMC6239214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an important treatment option for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanisms of ECT in MDD are still unclear. METHODS Twenty-four patients with severe MDD and 14 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Eight ECT sessions were conducted for MDD patients using brief-pulse square-wave signal at bitemporal locations. To investigate the regional cerebral blood flow in MDD patients before and after ECT treatments by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), the patients were scanned twice (before the first ECT and after the eighth ECT) for data acquisition. Afterward, we adopted fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) to assess the alterations of regional brain activity. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the fALFF in the cerebellum lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and thalamus in MDD patients before ECT (pre-ECT) was significantly increased. In another comparison, the fALFF in the cerebellum anterior lobe, fusiform gyrus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus in pre-ECT patients was significantly greater than the post-ECT fALFF. LIMITATIONS Only two rs-fMRI scans were conducted at predefined times: before the first and after the eighth ECT treatment. More scans during the ECT sessions would yield more information. In addition, the sample size in this study was limited. The number of control subjects was relatively small. A larger number of subjects would produce more robust findings. CONCLUSIONS The fALFF of both healthy controls and post-ECT patients in cerebellum anterior lobe, fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus is significantly lower than the fALFF of pre-ECT patients. This finding demonstrates that ECT treatment is effective on these brain areas in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Qiu
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Collaborative innovation center for brain science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA.
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Mental Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yongming Li
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Collaborative innovation center for brain science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xichuan Zhou
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hailin Cao
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yuanhong Zhong
- College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Mingui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, USA
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17
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Endo K, Liang N, Idesako M, Ishii K, Matsukawa K. Incremental rate of prefrontal oxygenation determines performance speed during cognitive Stroop test: the effect of ageing. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:807-824. [PMID: 29460037 PMCID: PMC10717520 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive function declines with age. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of cognitive performance, however, remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that an incremental rate of prefrontal oxygenation during a cognitive Stroop test decreases in progress of ageing, resulting in a slowdown of cognitive performance. To test this hypothesis, we identified, using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy, the characteristics of the oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) responses of the prefrontal cortex to both incongruent Stroop and congruent word-reading test. Spatial distributions of the significant changes in the three components (initial slope, peak amplitude, and area under the curve) of the Oxy-Hb response were compared between young and elderly subjects. The Stroop interference time (as a difference in total periods for executing Stroop and word-reading test, respectively) approximately doubled in elderly as compared to young subjects. The Oxy-Hb in the rostrolateral, but not caudal, prefrontal cortex increased during the Stroop test in both age groups. The initial slope of the Oxy-Hb response, rather than the peak and area under the curve, had a strong correlation with cognitive performance speed. Taken together, it is likely that the incremental rate of prefrontal oxygenation may decrease in progress of ageing, resulting in a decline in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Endo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Idesako
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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18
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Sadigh-Eteghad S, Geranmayeh MH, Majdi A, Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Farhoudi M. Intranasal cerebrolysin improves cognitive function and structural synaptic plasticity in photothrombotic mouse model of medial prefrontal cortex ischemia. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:61-69. [PMID: 30054019 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) ischemia affects post-stroke cognitive outcomes. We aimed to investigate the effects of different doses and routes of cerebrolysin (CBL) on the structural synaptic plasticity and cognitive function after mPFC ischemia in mice. Thence, CBL (1, 2.5 ml/kg/i.p./daily) or (1 ml/kg/i.n./daily), were administrated in photothrombotic mouse model of mPFC ischemia for two weeks. Episodic and spatial memories were assessed by the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) and Barnes tasks. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin (SYN) levels were measured in the lesioned area using western blot analysis. Dendritic arbors, spine densities, and morphology were assessed via Golgi-Cox staining. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg/i.p. and 1 ml/kg/i.n. doses attenuated mPFC ischemia-induced episodic and spatial memories impairment. Results showed an obvious increase in the GAP-43, PSD-95 and SYN levels and improvement in the structural synaptic indexes in lesioned area induced by the same doses and routes of CBL. In conclusion, we found that specific doses/routes of CBL have positive effects on the structural synaptic plasticity and cognitive outcomes after mPFC ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Anderson AA, Parsa K, Geiger S, Zaragoza R, Kermanian R, Miguel H, Dashtestani H, Chowdhry FA, Smith E, Aram S, Gandjbakhche AH. Exploring the role of task performance and learning style on prefrontal hemodynamics during a working memory task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198257. [PMID: 29870536 PMCID: PMC5988299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing literature outlines the quality and location of activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory (WM) tasks. However, the effects of individual differences on the underlying neural process of WM tasks are still unclear. In this functional near infrared spectroscopy study, we administered a visual and auditory n-back task to examine activation in the PFC while considering the influences of task performance, and preferred learning strategy (VARK score). While controlling for age, results indicated that high performance (HP) subjects (accuracy > 90%) showed task dependent lower activation compared to normal performance subjects in PFC region Specifically HP groups showed lower activation in left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) region during performance of auditory task whereas during visual task they showed lower activation in the right DLPFC. After accounting for learning style, we found a correlation between visual and aural VARK score and level of activation in the PFC. Subjects with higher visual VARK scores displayed lower activation during auditory task in left DLPFC, while those with higher visual scores exhibited higher activation during visual task in bilateral DLPFC. During performance of auditory task, HP subjects had higher visual VARK scores compared to NP subjects indicating an effect of learning style on the task performance and activation. The results of this study show that learning style and task performance can influence PFC activation, with applications toward neurological implications of learning style and populations with deficits in auditory or visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz A. Anderson
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kian Parsa
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sydney Geiger
- St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, United States of America
| | - Rachel Zaragoza
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Riley Kermanian
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Helga Miguel
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hadis Dashtestani
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Fatima A. Chowdhry
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Siamak Aram
- Analytics Department, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States of America
| | - Amir H. Gandjbakhche
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Cantisani A, Stegmayer K, Federspiel A, Bohlhalter S, Wiest R, Walther S. Blood perfusion in left inferior and middle frontal gyrus predicts communication skills in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 274:7-10. [PMID: 29456122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders, severely affecting patients' community functioning. Functional capacity (FC) describes the skills necessary for successful functional outcome (FO), such as financial knowledge or communication skills. We investigated whether resting-state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured at baseline with arterial spin labeling (ASL) would predict FC or FO at a 6-months follow-up in 27 schizophrenia patients. A negative linear association was noted between FC and rCBF in the left inferior and middle frontal gyrus, areas involved in language processing, suggesting a potential relationship between cerebral perfusion and prospective FC in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cantisani
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Stegmayer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bohlhalter
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Center, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Gayda M, Gremeaux V, Bherer L, Juneau M, Drigny J, Dupuy O, Lapierre G, Labelle V, Fortier A, Nigam A. Cognitive function in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183791. [PMID: 28937981 PMCID: PMC5609740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exercise has been shown to prevent or slow age-related decline in cognitive functions in otherwise healthy, asymptomatic individuals. We sought to assess cognitive function in a stable coronary heart disease (CHD) sample and its relationship to cerebral oxygenation-perfusion, cardiac hemodynamic responses, and V˙O2 peak compared to age-matched and young healthy control subjects. Twenty-two young healthy controls (YHC), 20 age-matched old healthy controls (OHC) and 25 patients with stable CHD were recruited. Cognitive function assessment included short term—working memory, perceptual abilities, processing speed, cognitive inhibition and flexibility and long-term verbal memory. Maximal cardiopulmonary function (gas exchange analysis), cardiac hemodynamic (impedance cardiography) and left frontal cerebral oxygenation-perfusion (near-infra red spectroscopy) were measured during and after a maximal incremental ergocycle test. Compared to OHC and CHD, YHC had higher V˙O2 peak, maximal cardiac index (CI max), cerebral oxygenation-perfusion (ΔO2 Hb, ΔtHb: exercise and recovery) and cognitive function (for all items) (P<0.05). Compared to OHC, CHD patients had lower V˙O2 peak, CI max, cerebral oxygenation-perfusion (during recovery) and short term—working memory, processing speed, cognitive inhibition and flexibility and long-term verbal memory (P<0.05). V˙O2 peak and CI max were related to exercise cerebral oxygenation-perfusion and cognitive function (P<0.005). Cerebral oxygenation-perfusion (exercise) was related to cognitive function (P<0.005). Stable CHD patients have a worse cognitive function, a similar cerebral oxygenation/perfusion during exercise but reduced one during recovery vs. their aged-matched healthy counterparts. In the all sample, cognitive functions correlated with V˙O2 peak, CI max and cerebral oxygenation-perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gayda
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Gremeaux
- INSERM - U1093 “Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice”, Dijon, France
| | - Louis Bherer
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory, MOVE (EA6314), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gabriel Lapierre
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Labelle
- Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annik Fortier
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center, A Division of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lin X, Xu S, Ieong HFH, Yuan Z. Optical mapping of prefrontal activity in pathological gamblers. Appl Opt 2017; 56:5948-5953. [PMID: 29047916 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.005948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a highly promising brain mapping technique that enables continuously and noninvasively monitoring the hemodynamic responses in the human brain. In this study, fNIRS was utilized to identify the different brain activation patterns between pathological gamblers (PGs) and healthy controls (HCs). Specifically, we examined the hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS recordings during the completion of executive function and decision-making tasks for both PGs and HCs. Our mapping results revealed that PGs and HCs exhibited notable differences in the hemodynamic responses and brain activation patterns across the prefrontal region.
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Azuma K, Uchiyama I, Tanigawa M, Bamba I, Azuma M, Takano H, Yoshikawa T, Sakabe K. Association of Odor Thresholds and Responses in Cerebral Blood Flow of the Prefrontal Area during Olfactory Stimulation in Patients with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168006. [PMID: 27936122 PMCID: PMC5148047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a disorder characterized by nonspecific and recurrent symptoms from various organ systems associated with exposure to low levels of chemicals. Patients with MCS process odors differently than controls do. Previously, we suggested that this odor processing was associated with increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the prefrontal area during olfactory stimulation using near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of odor thresholds and changes in rCBF during olfactory stimulation at odor threshold levels in patients with MCS. We investigated changes in the prefrontal area using NIRS imaging and a T&T olfactometer during olfactory stimulation with two different odorants (sweet and fecal) at three concentrations (zero, odor recognition threshold, and normal perceived odor level) in 10 patients with MCS and six controls. The T&T olfactometer threshold test and subjective assessment of irritating and hedonic odors were also performed. The results indicated that the scores for both unpleasant and pungent odors were significantly higher for those for sweet odors at the normal perceived level in patients with MCS than in controls. The brain responses at the recognition threshold (fecal odor) and normal perceived levels (sweet and fecal odors) were stronger in patients with MCS than in controls. However, significant differences in the odor detection and recognition thresholds and odor intensity score between the two groups were not observed. These brain responses may involve cognitive and memory processing systems during past exposure to chemicals. Further research regarding the cognitive features of sensory perception and memory due to past exposure to chemicals and their associations with MCS symptoms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Azuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Sick-house Medical Science Laboratory, Division of Basic Research, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Iwao Uchiyama
- Sick-house Medical Science Laboratory, Division of Basic Research, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Japan
- Outpatient Department of Sick-house Syndrome, Hyakumanben Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Tanigawa
- Clinical Immune Function Laboratory, Division of Basic Research, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hyakumanben Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Bamba
- Faculty of Education, Home Economics, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Azuma
- Department of Human Environmental Design, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kou Sakabe
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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24
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Schrantee A, Mutsaerts HJMM, Bouziane C, Tamminga HGH, Bottelier MA, Reneman L. The age-dependent effects of a single-dose methylphenidate challenge on cerebral perfusion in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 13:123-129. [PMID: 27942455 PMCID: PMC5137172 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant drug and an effective treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. Pre-clinical studies suggest that the response to stimulants is dependent on age, which may reflect the ontogeny of the dopamine (DA) system, which continues to develop throughout childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the modulating effect of age on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to MPH in stimulant treatment-naive children and adults with ADHD. Ninety-eight stimulant treatment-naive male pediatric (10-12 years) and adult (23-40 years) patients with ADHD were included in this study. The CBF response to an acute challenge with MPH (0.5 mg/kg) was measured using arterial spin labeling (ASL) pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging, as a proxy for DA function. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were carried out for the striatum, thalamus and medial prefrontal cortex and in addition voxel-wise analyses were conducted. An acute challenge with MPH decreased CBF in both children and adults in cortical areas, although to a greater extent in adults. In contrast, ROI analyses showed that MPH decreased thalamic CBF only in children, but not adults. Our findings highlight the importance of taking the developmental perspective into account when studying the effects of stimulants in ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schrantee
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - HJMM Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Bouziane
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - HGH Tamminga
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MA Bottelier
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Triversum, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - L Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Tsujii N, Mikawa W, Tsujimoto E, Akashi H, Adachi T, Kirime E, Shirakawa O. Relationship between prefrontal hemodynamic responses and quality of life differs between melancholia and non-melancholic depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 253:26-35. [PMID: 27259838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether quality of life (QOL) reflects specific functional abnormalities of frontotemporal hemodynamic responses in melancholia. We recruited 30 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic features (MDD-MF), 52 with non-melancholic features (MDD-NMF), and 68 healthy control subjects who were matched for age, sex ratio, and years of education. QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and regional hemodynamic responses during a verbal fluency task were monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Patients with MDD-MF scored significantly lower than those with MDD-NMF on the role emotional domain of SF-36. Both MDD patient groups exhibited lower hemodynamic responses in the frontotemporal regions than the control group. Hemodynamic responses in the frontotemporal regions were significantly smaller in patients with MDD-MF than in those with MDD-NMF. The role emotional domain of patients with MDD-MF was significantly and positively correlated with hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal region, whereas that of patients with MDD-NMF revealed no significant correlation. In conclusion, our results indicate that patients with MDD-MF exhibit qualitatively distinct prefrontal dysfunction patterns associated with emotional role functioning compared with patients with MDD-NMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Tsujii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Wakako Mikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Tsujimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Psychological Science, Graduate School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Adachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kirime
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Shirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Kazan SM, Mohammadi S, Callaghan MF, Flandin G, Huber L, Leech R, Kennerley A, Windischberger C, Weiskopf N. Vascular autorescaling of fMRI (VasA fMRI) improves sensitivity of population studies: A pilot study. Neuroimage 2016; 124:794-805. [PMID: 26416648 PMCID: PMC4655941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is widely used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain function in health and disease. The statistical power of fMRI group studies is significantly hampered by high inter-subject variance due to differences in baseline vascular physiology. Several methods have been proposed to account for physiological vascularization differences between subjects and hence improve the sensitivity in group studies. However, these methods require the acquisition of additional reference scans (such as a full resting-state fMRI session or ASL-based calibrated BOLD). We present a vascular autorescaling (VasA) method, which does not require any additional reference scans. VasA is based on the observation that slow oscillations (<0.1Hz) in arterial blood CO2 levels occur naturally due to changes in respiration patterns. These oscillations yield fMRI signal changes whose amplitudes reflect the blood oxygenation levels and underlying local vascularization and vascular responsivity. VasA estimates proxies of the amplitude of these CO2-driven oscillations directly from the residuals of task-related fMRI data without the need for reference scans. The estimates are used to scale the amplitude of task-related fMRI responses, to account for vascular differences. The VasA maps compared well to cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) maps and cerebral blood volume maps based on vascular space occupancy (VASO) measurements in four volunteers, speaking to the physiological vascular basis of VasA. VasA was validated in a wide variety of tasks in 138 volunteers. VasA increased t-scores by up to 30% in specific brain areas such as the visual cortex. The number of activated voxels was increased by up to 200% in brain areas such as the orbital frontal cortex while still controlling the nominal false-positive rate. VasA fMRI outperformed previously proposed rescaling approaches based on resting-state fMRI data and can be readily applied to any task-related fMRI data set, even retrospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira M Kazan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
| | - Siawoosh Mohammadi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Flandin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Laurentius Huber
- NMR-Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognition and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Leech
- Cognitive, Clinical and Computational Neuroimaging Lab, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, University of London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Aneurin Kennerley
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Lucke-Wold BP, Logsdon AF, Smith KE, Turner RC, Alkon DL, Tan Z, Naser ZJ, Knotts CM, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Bryostatin-1 Restores Blood Brain Barrier Integrity following Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1119-1134. [PMID: 25301233 PMCID: PMC5000781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have accounted for an estimated 270,000 blast exposures among military personnel. Blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the 'signature injury' of modern warfare. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption following blast TBI can lead to long-term and diffuse neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigate for the first time the role of bryostatin-1, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) modulator, in ameliorating BBB breakdown. Thirty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. We utilized a clinically relevant and validated blast model to expose animals to moderate blast exposure. Groups included: control, single blast exposure, and single blast exposure + bryostatin-1. Bryostatin-1 was administered i.p. 2.5 mg/kg after blast exposure. Evan's blue, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed to assess injury. Evan's blue binds to albumin and is a marker for BBB disruption. The single blast exposure caused an increase in permeability compared to control (t = 4.808, p < 0.05), and a reduction back toward control levels when bryostatin-1 was administered (t = 5.113, p < 0.01). Three important PKC isozymes, PKCα, PKCδ, and PKCε, were co-localized primarily with endothelial cells but not astrocytes. Bryostatin-1 administration reduced toxic PKCα levels back toward control levels (t = 4.559, p < 0.01) and increased the neuroprotective isozyme PKCε (t = 6.102, p < 0.01). Bryostatin-1 caused a significant increase in the tight junction proteins VE-cadherin, ZO-1, and occludin through modulation of PKC activity. Bryostatin-1 ultimately decreased BBB breakdown potentially due to modulation of PKC isozymes. Future work will examine the role of bryostatin-1 in preventing chronic neurodegeneration following repetitive neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kelly E Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Zachary J Naser
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Office of Professional Studies in Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Chelsea M Knotts
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jason D Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Suite 4300, Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9183, USA.
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28
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Lee SW, Yoo JH, Kim KW, Lee JS, Kim D, Park H, Choi J, Jeong B. Aberrant function of frontoamygdala circuits in adolescents with previous verbal abuse experiences. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:76-85. [PMID: 26514618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported an association of depressive disorder and structural alteration of frontolimbic brain regions in subjects with emotional abuse experiences during childhood and adolescence. The results suggest that aberrant function of the frontolimbic circuit and its relation with psychiatric symptoms can be found in adolescents with preclinical status. We investigated functional changes of frontolimbic networks during implicit negative emotional face processing and their relationships with depressive symptoms in adolescents with previous verbal abuse experiences. We designed a gender discrimination task using emotional faces to induce an implicit level of emotional exposure, and was completed by 31 preclinical male adolescents during an fMRI scan. The right amygdala activity and its functional connectivity with the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during implicit processing of negative emotional faces showed a significant relationship with previous verbal abuse experiences. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that their current depressive symptoms were associated with aberrant functional interaction between the right amygdala activity and right amygdala-rostral ACC connectivity. Our findings of verbal abuse-related functional changes in the right frontoamygdala circuit may be related to vulnerability to future mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience and Development, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center of Optics for Health Science, KAIST Institute, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Hamilton JP, Farmer M, Fogelman P, Gotlib IH. Depressive Rumination, the Default-Mode Network, and the Dark Matter of Clinical Neuroscience. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:224-30. [PMID: 25861700 PMCID: PMC4524294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intuitive association between self-focused rumination in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the self-referential operations performed by the brain's default-mode network (DMN) has prompted interest in examining the role of the DMN in MDD. In this article, we present meta-analytic findings showing reliably increased functional connectivity between the DMN and subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC)-connectivity that often predicts levels of depressive rumination. We also present meta-analytic findings that, while there is reliably increased regional cerebral blood flow in sgPFC in MDD, no such abnormality has been reliably observed in nodes of the DMN. We then detail a model that integrates the body of research presented. In this model, we propose that increased functional connectivity between sgPFC and the DMN in MDD represents an integration of the self-referential processes supported by the DMN with the affectively laden, behavioral withdrawal processes associated with sgPFC-an integration that produces a functional neural ensemble well suited for depressive rumination and that, in MDD, abnormally taxes only sgPFC and not the DMN. This synthesis explains a broad array of existing data concerning the neural substrates of depressive rumination and provides an explicit account of functional abnormalities in sgPFC in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Hamilton
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research and College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
| | - Madison Farmer
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research and College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Phoebe Fogelman
- University of Tennessee, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Matsuo K, Ban R, Hama Y, Yuzuriha S. Eyelid Opening with Trigeminal Proprioceptive Activation Regulates a Brainstem Arousal Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134659. [PMID: 26244675 PMCID: PMC4526522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyelid opening stretches mechanoreceptors in the supratarsal Müller muscle to activate the proprioceptive fiber supplied by the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. This proprioception induces reflex contractions of the slow-twitch fibers in the levator palpebrae superioris and frontalis muscles to sustain eyelid and eyebrow positions against gravity. The cell bodies of the trigeminal proprioceptive neurons in the mesencephalon potentially make gap-junctional connections with the locus coeruleus neurons. The locus coeruleus is implicated in arousal and autonomic function. Due to the relationship between arousal, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and skin conductance, we assessed whether upgaze with trigeminal proprioceptive evocation activates sympathetically innervated sweat glands and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Specifically, we examined whether 60° upgaze induces palmar sweating and hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex in 16 subjects. Sweating was monitored using a thumb-mounted perspiration meter, and prefrontal cortex activity was measured with 45-channel, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and 2-channel NIRS at Fp1 and Fp2. In 16 subjects, palmar sweating was induced by upgaze and decreased in response to downgaze. Upgaze activated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex with an accumulation of integrated concentration changes in deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin levels in 12 subjects. Upgaze phasically and degree-dependently increased deoxyhemoglobin level at Fp1 and Fp2, whereas downgaze phasically decreased it in 16 subjects. Unilateral anesthetization of mechanoreceptors in the supratarsal Müller muscle used to significantly reduce trigeminal proprioceptive evocation ipsilaterally impaired the increased deoxyhemoglobin level by 60° upgaze at Fp1 or Fp2 in 6 subjects. We concluded that upgaze with strong trigeminal proprioceptive evocation was sufficient to phasically activate sympathetically innervated sweat glands and appeared to induce rapid oxygen consumption in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to rapidly produce deoxyhemoglobin to regulate physiological arousal. Thus, eyelid opening with trigeminal proprioceptive evocation may activate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex via the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and locus coeruleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Matsuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryokuya Ban
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yuzuriha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Moghimi S, Schudlo L, Chau T, Guerguerian AM. Variability in prefrontal hemodynamic response during exposure to repeated self-selected music excerpts, a near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122148. [PMID: 25837268 PMCID: PMC4383450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Music-induced brain activity modulations in areas involved in emotion regulation may be useful in achieving therapeutic outcomes. Clinical applications of music may involve prolonged or repeated exposures to music. However, the variability of the observed brain activity patterns in repeated exposures to music is not well understood. We hypothesized that multiple exposures to the same music would elicit more consistent activity patterns than exposure to different music. In this study, the temporal and spatial variability of cerebral prefrontal hemodynamic response was investigated across multiple exposures to self-selected musical excerpts in 10 healthy adults. The hemodynamic changes were measured using prefrontal cortex near infrared spectroscopy and represented by instantaneous phase values. Based on spatial and temporal characteristics of these observed hemodynamic changes, we defined a consistency index to represent variability across these domains. The consistency index across repeated exposures to the same piece of music was compared to the consistency index corresponding to prefrontal activity from randomly matched non-identical musical excerpts. Consistency indexes were significantly different for identical versus non-identical musical excerpts when comparing a subset of repetitions. When all four exposures were compared, no significant difference was observed between the consistency indexes of randomly matched non-identical musical excerpts and the consistency index corresponding to repetitions of the same musical excerpts. This observation suggests the existence of only partial consistency between repeated exposures to the same musical excerpt, which may stem from the role of the prefrontal cortex in regulating other cognitive and emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Moghimi
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Guerguerian
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Schuck NW, Gaschler R, Wenke D, Heinzle J, Frensch PA, Haynes JD, Reverberi C. Medial prefrontal cortex predicts internally driven strategy shifts. Neuron 2015; 86:331-40. [PMID: 25819613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many daily behaviors require us to actively focus on the current task and ignore all other distractions. Yet, ignoring everything else might hinder the ability to discover new ways to achieve the same goal. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms that support the spontaneous change to better strategies while an established strategy is executed. Multivariate neuroimaging analyses showed that before the spontaneous change to an alternative strategy, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) encoded information that was irrelevant for the current strategy but necessary for the later strategy. Importantly, this neural effect was related to future behavioral changes: information encoding in MPFC was changed only in participants who eventually switched their strategy and started before the actual strategy change. This allowed us to predict spontaneous strategy shifts ahead of time. These findings suggest that MPFC might internally simulate alternative strategies and shed new light on the organization of PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W Schuck
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Gaschler
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Universität Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Dorit Wenke
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter A Frensch
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - John-Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 30106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Reverberi
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Liu B, Fan L, Cui Y, Zhang X, Hou B, Li Y, Qin W, Wang D, Yu C, Jiang T. DISC1 Ser704Cys impacts thalamic-prefrontal connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 220:91-100. [PMID: 24146131 PMCID: PMC4286634 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been thought as a putative susceptibility gene for various psychiatric disorders, and DISC1 Ser704Cys is associated with variations of brain morphology and function. Moreover, our recent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) study reported that DISC1 Ser704Cys was associated with information transfer efficiency in the brain anatomical network. However, the effects of the DISC1 gene on functional brain connectivity and networks, especially for thalamic-prefrontal circuit, which are disrupted in various psychiatric disorders, are largely unknown. Using a functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping method based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a large sample of healthy Han Chinese subjects, we first investigated the association between DISC1 Ser704Cys and short- and long-range FCD hubs. Compared with Ser homozygotes, Cys-allele individuals had increased long-range FCD hubs in the bilateral thalami. The functional and anatomical connectivity of the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex was further analyzed. Significantly increased thalamic-prefrontal functional connectivity and decreased thalamic-prefrontal anatomical connectivity were found in DISC1 Cys-allele carriers. Our findings provide consistent evidence that the DISC1 Ser704Cys polymorphism influences the thalamic-prefrontal circuits in humans and may provide new insights into the neural mechanisms that link DISC1 and the risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Bing Hou
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
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Du X, Wei D, Ganzel BL, Kim P, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Adolescent earthquake survivors' show increased prefrontal cortex activation to masked earthquake images as adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 95:292-8. [PMID: 25486615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The great Sichuan earthquake in China on May 12, 2008 was a traumatic event to many who live near the earthquake area. However, at present, there are few studies that explore the long-term impact of the adolescent trauma exposure on adults' brain function. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the brain activation evoked by masked trauma-related stimuli (earthquake versus neutral images) in 14 adults who lived near the epicenter of the great Sichuan earthquake when they were adolescents (trauma-exposed group) and 14 adults who lived farther from the epicenter of the earthquake when they were adolescents (control group). Compared with the control group, the trauma-exposed group showed significant elevation of activation in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in response to masked earthquake-related images. In the trauma-exposed group, the right ACC activation was negatively correlated with the frequency of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings differ markedly from the long-term effects of trauma exposure in adults. This suggests that trauma exposure during adolescence may have a unique long-term impact on ACC/MPFC function, top-down modulation of trauma-related information, and subsequent symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Barbara L Ganzel
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Smith DV, Clithero JA, Boltuck SE, Huettel SA. Functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex reflects subjective value for social rewards. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:2017-25. [PMID: 24493836 PMCID: PMC4249475 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to many studies, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) encodes the subjective value of disparate rewards on a common scale. Yet, a host of other reward factors-likely represented outside of VMPFC-must be integrated to construct such signals for valuation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested whether the interactions between posterior VMPFC and functionally connected brain regions predict subjective value. During fMRI scanning, participants rated the attractiveness of unfamiliar faces. We found that activation in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior VMPFC and caudate increased with higher attractiveness ratings. Using data from a post-scan task in which participants spent money to view attractive faces, we quantified each individual's subjective value for attractiveness. We found that connectivity between posterior VMPFC and regions frequently modulated by social information-including the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and middle temporal gyrus-was correlated with individual differences in subjective value. Crucially, these additional regions explained unique variation in subjective value beyond that extracted from value regions alone. These findings indicate not only that posterior VMPFC interacts with additional brain regions during valuation, but also that these additional regions carry information employed to construct the subjective value for social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Smith
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John A Clithero
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarah E Boltuck
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Silveira S, Graupmann V, Agthe M, Gutyrchik E, Blautzik J, Demirçapa I, Berndt A, Pöppel E, Frey D, Reiser M, Hennig-Fast K. Existential neuroscience: effects of mortality salience on the neurocognitive processing of attractive opposite-sex faces. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:1601-7. [PMID: 24078106 PMCID: PMC4187282 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Being reminded of the inherently finite nature of human existence has been demonstrated to elicit strivings for sexual reproduction and the formation and maintenance of intimate relationships. Recently, it has been proposed that the perception of potential mating partners is influenced by mortality salience. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neurocognitive processing of attractive opposite-sex faces after priming with death-related words for heterosexual men and women. Significant modulations of behavioral and neural responses were found when participants were requested to decide whether they would like to meet the presented person. Men were more in favor of meeting attractive women after being primed with death-related words compared to a no-prime condition. Increased neural activation could be found under mortality salience in the left anterior insula and the adjacent lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) for both men and women. As previously suggested, we believe that the lPFC activation reflects an approach-motivated defense mechanism to overcome concerns that are induced by being reminded of death and dying. Our results provide insight on a neurocognitive level that approach motivation in general, and mating motivation in particular is modulated by mortality salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Graupmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Agthe
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgeny Gutyrchik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Janusch Blautzik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Idil Demirçapa
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Berndt
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Pöppel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Frey
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Reiser
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, and Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Roberts RC, Roche JK, McCullumsmith RE. Localization of excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 in human postmortem cortex: a light and electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 2014; 277:522-40. [PMID: 25064059 PMCID: PMC4164610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The process of glutamate release, activity, and reuptake involves the astrocyte, the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Glutamate is released into the synapse and may occupy and activate receptors on both neurons and astrocytes. Glutamate is rapidly removed from the synapse by a family of plasma membrane excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), also localized to neurons and astrocytes. The purpose of the present study was to examine EAAT labeling in the postmortem human cortex at the light and electron microscopic (EM) levels. The postmortem prefrontal cortex was processed for EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunohistochemistry. At the light microscopic level, EAAT1 and EAAT2 labeling was found in both gray and white matter. Most cellular labeling was in small cells which were morphologically similar to glia. In addition, EAAT1-labeled neurons were scattered throughout, some of which were pyramidal in shape. At the EM level, EAAT1 and EAAT2 labeling was found in astrocytic soma and processes surrounding capillaries. EAAT labeling was also found in small astrocytic processes adjacent to axon terminals forming asymmetric (glutamatergic) synapses. While EAAT2 labeling was most prevalent in astrocytic processes, EAAT1 labeling was also present in neuronal processes including the soma, axons, and dendritic spines. Expression of EAAT1 protein on neurons may be due to the hypoxia associated with the postmortem interval, and requires further confirmation. The localization of EAATs on the astrocytic plasma membrane and adjacent to excitatory synapses is consistent with the function of facilitating glutamate reuptake and limiting glutamate spillover. Establishment that EAAT1 and EAAT2 can be measured at the EM level in human postmortem tissues will permit testing of hypotheses related to these molecules in diseases lacking analogous animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - J K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R E McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Gerraty RT, Davidow JY, Wimmer GE, Kahn I, Shohamy D. Transfer of learning relates to intrinsic connectivity between hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and large-scale networks. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11297-303. [PMID: 25143610 PMCID: PMC4138340 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0185-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of adaptive learning is the ability to flexibly use past experiences to guide new decisions. When facing a new decision, some people automatically leverage previously learned associations, while others do not. This variability in transfer of learning across individuals has been demonstrated repeatedly and has important implications for understanding adaptive behavior, yet the source of these individual differences remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown why such variability in transfer emerges even among homogeneous groups of young healthy participants who do not vary on other learning-related measures. Here we hypothesized that individual differences in the transfer of learning could be related to relatively stable differences in intrinsic brain connectivity, which could constrain how individuals learn. To test this, we obtained a behavioral measure of memory-based transfer outside of the scanner and on a separate day acquired resting-state functional MRI images in 42 participants. We then analyzed connectivity across independent component analysis-derived brain networks during rest, and tested whether intrinsic connectivity in learning-related networks was associated with transfer. We found that individual differences in transfer were related to intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and between these regions and large-scale functional brain networks. Together, the findings demonstrate a novel role for intrinsic brain dynamics in flexible learning-guided behavior, both within a set of functionally specific regions known to be important for learning, as well as between these regions and the default and frontoparietal networks, which are thought to serve more general cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael T Gerraty
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - G Elliott Wimmer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027,
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Siegel BI, Sengupta EJ, Edelson JR, Lewis DA, Volk DW. Elevated viral restriction factor levels in cortical blood vessels in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:160-7. [PMID: 24209773 PMCID: PMC3969896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher tissue transcript levels of immune-related markers-including the recently discovered viral restriction factor interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM), which inhibits viral entry and replication-have been reported in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Interestingly, mouse models of neuroinflammation have higher IFITM levels and deficits in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related markers that are similar to findings in schizophrenia, suggesting that a shared pathogenetic process might underlie diverse cortical pathology in the disorder. However, the cell types that overexpress IFITM messenger RNA (mRNA) in schizophrenia are unknown, and it is unclear whether higher IFITM mRNA levels are associated with lower GABA-related marker levels in the same schizophrenia subjects. METHODS We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization with film and grain counting analyses to quantify IFITM mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex area 9 of 57 schizophrenia and 57 healthy comparison subjects and in antipsychotic-exposed monkeys. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization film analysis revealed markedly elevated IFITM mRNA levels (+114% and +117%, respectively) in prefrontal gray matter in schizophrenia. Interestingly, emulsion-dipped, Nissl-stained sections from schizophrenia and comparison subjects revealed IFITM mRNA expression in pia mater and blood vessels. The IFITM grain density over blood vessels was 71% higher in schizophrenia. The IFITM mRNA levels were negatively correlated with GABA-related mRNAs in the same schizophrenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS The finding that schizophrenia subjects with higher IFITM mRNA levels in cortical blood vessels have greater disturbances in cortical GABA neurons suggests that these cell-type distinct pathological disturbances might be influenced by a shared upstream insult that involves immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jessica R Edelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David W Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Gratton C, Lee TG, Nomura EM, D’Esposito M. Perfusion MRI indexes variability in the functional brain effects of theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101430. [PMID: 24992641 PMCID: PMC4081571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an important tool for testing causal relationships in cognitive neuroscience research. However, the efficacy of TMS can be variable across individuals and difficult to measure. This variability is especially a challenge when TMS is applied to regions without well-characterized behavioral effects, such as in studies using TMS on multi-modal areas in intrinsic networks. Here, we examined whether perfusion fMRI recordings of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), a quantitative measure sensitive to slow functional changes, reliably index variability in the effects of stimulation. Twenty-seven participants each completed four combined TMS-fMRI sessions during which both resting state Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) and perfusion Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) scans were recorded. In each session after the first baseline day, continuous theta-burst TMS (TBS) was applied to one of three locations: left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L dlPFC), left anterior insula/frontal operculum (L aI/fO), or left primary somatosensory cortex (L S1). The two frontal targets are components of intrinsic networks and L S1 was used as an experimental control. CBF changes were measured both before and after TMS on each day from a series of interleaved resting state and perfusion scans. Although TBS led to weak selective increases under the coil in CBF measurements across the group, individual subjects showed wide variability in their responses. TBS-induced changes in rCBF were related to TBS-induced changes in functional connectivity of the relevant intrinsic networks measured during separate resting-state BOLD scans. This relationship was selective: CBF and functional connectivity of these networks were not related before TBS or after TBS to the experimental control region (S1). Furthermore, subject groups with different directions of CBF change after TBS showed distinct modulations in the functional interactions of targeted networks. These results suggest that CBF is a marker of individual differences in the effects of TBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gratton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Taraz G. Lee
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Emi M. Nomura
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study used a neuroergonomic approach to examine the interaction of mental and physical fatigue by assessing prefrontal cortex activation during submaximal fatiguing handgrip exercises. BACKGROUND Mental fatigue is known to influence muscle function and motor performance, but its contribution to the development of voluntary physical fatigue is not well understood. METHOD A total of 12 participants performed separate physical (control) and physical and mental fatigue (concurrent) conditions at 30% of their maximal handgrip strength until exhaustion. Functional near infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure prefrontal cortex activation, whereas electromyography and joint steadiness were used simultaneously to quantify muscular effort. RESULTS Compared to the control condition, blood oxygenation in the bilateral prefrontal cortex was significantly lower during submaximal fatiguing contractions associated with mental fatigue at exhaustion, despite comparable muscular responses. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that interference in the prefrontal cortex may influence motor output during tasks that require both physical and cognitive processing. APPLICATION A neuroergonomic approach involving simultaneous monitoring of brain and body functions can provide critical information on fatigue development that may be overlooked during traditional fatigue assessments.
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Filimon F, Rieth CA, Sereno MI, Cottrell GW. Observed, Executed, and Imagined Action Representations can be Decoded From Ventral and Dorsal Areas. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3144-58. [PMID: 24862848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Filimon
- Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Cory A Rieth
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Garrison W Cottrell
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Abstract
Orbital frontal cortex (OFC) is known to play a role in object recognition by generating "first-pass" hypotheses about the identity of naturalistic images based on low spatial frequency (SF) information. These hypotheses are evaluated by more detailed (and slower) ventral visual pathway processes. While it has been suggested on theoretical grounds, it remains unknown whether OFC also receives postrecognition feedback about stimulus identity. We used a novel paradigm in the context of functional magnetic resonance imaging that permits the first few hundred milliseconds of object recognition to be spread out over 120 s. OFC shows a robust response to low and relatively high SFs, whereas ventral stream regions display unimodal response distributions shifted toward high SFs. These findings in OFC were modulated by hemisphere, with right OFC differentially responding to low SFs and left OFC differentially responding to high SFs. Psychophysical experiments confirmed that the same ranges of SFs preferred by ventral stream regions are critical for determining the accuracy and speed of object recognition. Our findings indicate that OFC accesses global form (low SF information, right OFC) and object identity (high SF information, left OFC), and suggest that OFC receives feedback about the accuracy of its initial hypothesis regarding stimulus identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat R. Fintzi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 252, Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY14627, USA
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Zhang L, Sun J, Sun B, Luo Q, Gong H. Studying hemispheric lateralization during a Stroop task through near-infrared spectroscopy-based connectivity. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:57012. [PMID: 24862561 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.5.057012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a developing and promising functional brain imaging technology. Developing data analysis methods to effectively extract meaningful information from collected data is the major bottleneck in popularizing this technology. In this study, we measured hemodynamic activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during a color-word matching Stroop task using NIRS. Hemispheric lateralization was examined by employing traditional activation and novel NIRS-based connectivity analyses simultaneously. Wavelet transform coherence was used to assess intrahemispheric functional connectivity. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between behavioral performance and activation/functional connectivity, respectively. In agreement with activation analysis, functional connectivity analysis revealed leftward lateralization for the Stroop effect and correlation with behavioral performance. However, functional connectivity was more sensitive than activation for identifying hemispheric lateralization. Granger causality was used to evaluate the effective connectivity between hemispheres. The results showed increased information flow from the left to the right hemispheres for the incongruent versus the neutral task, indicating a leading role of the left PFC. This study demonstrates that the NIRS-based connectivity can reveal the functional architecture of the brain more comprehensively than traditional activation, helping to better utilize the advantages of NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key L
| | - Jinyan Sun
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key L
| | - Bailei Sun
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key L
| | - Qingming Luo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key L
| | - Hui Gong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, ChinabHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key L
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Tempest GD, Eston RG, Parfitt G. Prefrontal cortex haemodynamics and affective responses during exercise: a multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95924. [PMID: 24788166 PMCID: PMC4006862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dose-response effects of the intensity of exercise upon the potential regulation (through top-down processes) of affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses in the prefrontal cortex during an incremental exercise protocol have not been explored. This study examined the functional capacity of the prefrontal cortex (reflected by haemodynamics using near infrared spectroscopy) and affective responses during exercise at different intensities. Participants completed an incremental cycling exercise test to exhaustion. Changes (Δ) in oxygenation (O2Hb), deoxygenation (HHb), blood volume (tHb) and haemoglobin difference (HbDiff) were measured from bilateral dorsal and ventral prefrontal areas. Affective responses were measured every minute during exercise. Data were extracted at intensities standardised to: below ventilatory threshold, at ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point and the end of exercise. During exercise at intensities from ventilatory threshold to respiratory compensation point, ΔO2Hb, ΔHbDiff and ΔtHb were greater in mostly ventral than dorsal regions. From the respiratory compensation point to the end of exercise, ΔO2Hb remained stable and ΔHbDiff declined in dorsal regions. As the intensity increased above the ventilatory threshold, inverse associations between affective responses and oxygenation in (a) all regions of the left hemisphere and (b) lateral (dorsal and ventral) regions followed by the midline (ventral) region in the right hemisphere were observed. Differential activation patterns occur within the prefrontal cortex and are associated with affective responses during cycling exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D. Tempest
- School of Health Sciences, The Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roger G. Eston
- School of Health Sciences, The Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor Parfitt
- School of Health Sciences, The Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Aron AR, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA. Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: one decade on. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:177-85. [PMID: 24440116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1274] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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van Erp TG, Guella I, Vawter MP, Turner J, Brown GG, McCarthy G, Greve DN, Glover GH, Calhoun VD, Lim KO, Bustillo JR, Belger A, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Diaz M, Preda A, Nguyen D, Macciardi F, Potkin SG. Schizophrenia miR-137 locus risk genotype is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivation. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:398-405. [PMID: 23910899 PMCID: PMC4428556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-137 dysregulation has been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia, but its functional role remains to be determined. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on 48 schizophrenia patients and 63 healthy volunteers (total sample size N = 111 subjects), with similar mean age and sex distribution, while subjects performed a Sternberg Item Response Paradigm with memory loads of one, three, and five numbers. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) retrieval activation for the working memory load of three numbers, for which hyperactivation had been shown in schizophrenia patients compared with control subjects, was extracted. The genome-wide association study confirmed schizophrenia risk single nucleotide polymorphism rs1625579 (miR-137 locus) was genotyped (schizophrenia: GG n = 0, GT n = 9, TT n = 39; healthy volunteers: GG = 2, GT n = 15, and TT n = 46). Fisher's exact test examined the effect of diagnosis on rs1625579 allele frequency distribution (p = nonsignificant). Mixed model regression analyses examined the effects of diagnosis and genotype on working memory performance measures and DLPFC activation. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher left DLPFC retrieval activation on working memory load 3, lower working memory performance, and longer response times compared with controls. There was no effect of genotype on working memory performance or response times in either group. However, individuals with the rs1625579 TT genotype had significantly higher left DLPFC activation than those with the GG/GT genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the rs1625579 TT (miR-137 locus) schizophrenia risk genotype is associated with the schizophrenia risk phenotype DLPFC hyperactivation commonly considered a measure of brain inefficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G.M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Jessica Turner
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, 92161, United States
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06250, United States
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gary H. Glover
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Michele Diaz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Dana Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - FBIRN
- http://www.birncommunity.org
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Ishikawa W, Sato M, Fukuda Y, Matsumoto T, Takemura N, Sakatani K. Correlation between asymmetry of spontaneous oscillation of hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex and anxiety levels: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:027005. [PMID: 24549440 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.2.027005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
According to the valence asymmetry hypothesis, the left/right asymmetry of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity is correlated with specific emotional responses to mental stress and personality traits. Here, we evaluated the relation between emotional state and asymmetry in PFC activity at rest by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We measured spontaneous oscillation of oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the bilateral PFC at rest in normal adults employing two-channel NIRS. In order to analyze left/right asymmetry of PFC activity at rest, we calculated the laterality index at rest (LIR) (see text). We investigated the correlation between the LIR and anxiety levels evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test. We found that the right PFC was more active at rest than the left PFC, corresponding to a higher anxiety level measured by the STAI; that is, subjects with right-dominant activity at rest showed higher STAI scores, while those with left-dominant oxy-Hb changes at rest showed lower STAI scores. Aging had no significant effect on the relation. The present results obtained by NIRS are consistent with the valence asymmetry hypothesis. We emphasize NIRS may be a useful tool for objective assessment of anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Ishikawa
- Waseda University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masakaze Sato
- Waseda University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yukikatsu Fukuda
- Waseda University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Waseda University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Naohiro Takemura
- Nihon University, NEWCAT Institute, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakatani
- Nihon University, NEWCAT Institute, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Fukushima 963-8642, JapancNihon University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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49
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Scholkmann F, Klein SD, Gerber U, Wolf M, Wolf U. Cerebral hemodynamic and oxygenation changes induced by inner and heard speech: a study combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy and capnography. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:17002. [PMID: 24419872 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.017002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inner and heard speech on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and to test whether potential effects were caused by alterations in the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). Twenty-nine healthy adult volunteers performed six different tasks of inner and heard speech according to a randomized crossover design. During the tasks, we generally found a decrease in PaCO2 (only for inner speech), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), total hemoglobin ([tHb]) concentration and an increase in deoxyhemoglobin concentration ([HHb]). Furthermore, we found significant relations between changes in [O2Hb], [HHb], [tHb], or StO2 and the participants' age, the baseline PETCO2, or certain speech tasks. We conclude that changes in breathing during the tasks led to lower PaCO2 (hypocapnia) for inner speech. During heard speech, no significant changes in PaCO2 occurred, but the decreases in StO2, [O2Hb], and [tHb] suggest that changes in PaCO2 were also involved here. Different verse types (hexameter and alliteration) led to different changes in [tHb], implying different brain activations. In conclusion, StO2, [O2Hb], [HHb], and [tHb] are affected by interplay of both PaCO2 reactivity and functional brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandbUniversity Hospital Zurich, Division of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Gerber
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Kemmotsu N, Kucukboyaci NE, Cheng CE, Girard HM, Tecoma ES, Iragui VJ, McDonald CR. Alterations in functional connectivity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex as a correlate of depressive symptoms in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:552-9. [PMID: 24176688 PMCID: PMC3876964 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common comorbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that is thought to have a neurobiological basis. This study investigated the functional connectivity (FC) of medial temporal networks in depression symptomatology of TLE and the relative contribution of structural versus FC measures. Volumetric MRI and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) were performed on nineteen patients with TLE and 20 controls. The hippocampi and amygdalae were selected as seeds, and five prefrontal and five cingulate regions of interest (ROIs) were selected as targets. Low-frequency blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals were isolated from fcMRI data, and ROIs with synchronous signal fluctuations with the seeds were identified. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The patients with TLE showed greater ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy (HA) and reduced FC between the ipsilateral hippocampus and the ventral posterior cingulate cortex (vPCC). Neither HA nor hippocampal-vPCC FC asymmetry was a robust contributor to depressive symptoms. Rather, hippocampal-anterior prefrontal FC was a stronger contributor to depressive symptoms in left TLE (LTLE). Conversely, right amygdala FC was correlated with depressive symptoms in both patient groups, with a positive and negative correlation in LTLE and right TLE (RTLE), respectively. Frontolimbic network dysfunction is a strong contributor to levels of depressive symptoms in TLE and a better contributor than HA in LTLE. In addition, the right amygdala may play a role in depression symptomatology regardless of the side of the epileptogenic focus. These findings may inform the treatment of depressive symptoms in TLE and inspire future research to help guide surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Kemmotsu
- University of California San Diego Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr., Suite C101, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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