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Wang S, Moise AR. Recent insights on the role and regulation of retinoic acid signaling during epicardial development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23303. [PMID: 31066193 PMCID: PMC6682438 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors (RAR)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs) heterodimers to induce the expression of genes that control cell fate specification, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in retinoic acid levels are often associated with congenital heart defects. Therefore, embryonic levels of retinoic acid need to be carefully regulated through the activity of enzymes, binding proteins and transporters involved in vitamin A metabolism. Here, we review evidence of the complex mechanisms that control the fetal uptake and synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A precursors. Next, we highlight recent evidence of the role of retinoic acid in orchestrating myocardial compact zone growth and coronary vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Wang S, Huang W, Castillo HA, Kane MA, Xavier-Neto J, Trainor PA, Moise AR. Alterations in retinoic acid signaling affect the development of the mouse coronary vasculature. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:976-991. [PMID: 29806219 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the final stages of heart development the myocardium grows and becomes vascularized by means of paracrine factors and cell progenitors derived from the epicardium. There is evidence to suggest that retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, plays an important role in epicardial-based developmental programming. However, the consequences of altered RA-signaling in coronary development have not been systematically investigated. RESULTS We explored the developmental consequences of altered RA-signaling in late cardiogenic events that involve the epicardium. For this, we used a model of embryonic RA excess based on mouse embryos deficient in the retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3, and a complementary model of embryonic RA deficiency based on pharmacological inhibition of RA synthesis. We found that alterations in embryonic RA signaling led to a thin myocardium and aberrant coronary vessel formation and remodeling. Both excess, and deficient RA-signaling are associated with reductions in ventricular coverage and density of coronary vessels, altered vessel morphology, and impaired recruitment of epicardial-derived mural cells. Using a combined transcriptome and proteome profiling approach, we found that RA treatment of epicardial cells influenced key signaling pathways relevant for cardiac development. CONCLUSIONS Epicardial RA-signaling plays critical roles in the development of the coronary vasculature needed to support myocardial growth. Developmental Dynamics 247:976-991, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hozana A Castillo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - José Xavier-Neto
- Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimnto Científico e Tecnológico (Cnpq) CEP 01414000 Cerqueira Cesar Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Biomolecular Sciences Program and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Amory JK, Muller CH, Shimshoni JA, Isoherranen N, Paik J, Moreb JS, Amory DW, Evanoff R, Goldstein AS, Griswold MD. Suppression of spermatogenesis by bisdichloroacetyldiamines is mediated by inhibition of testicular retinoic acid biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 32:111-9. [PMID: 20705791 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.110.010751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bisdichloroacetyldiamine WIN 18,446 reversibly inhibits spermatogenesis in many species, including humans; however, the mechanism by which WIN 18,446 functions is unknown. As retinoic acid is essential for spermatogenesis, we hypothesized that WIN 18,446 might inhibit retinoic acid biosynthesis from retinol (vitamin A) within the testes by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). We studied the effect of WIN 18,446 on ALDH1a2 enzyme activity in vitro, and on spermatogenesis and fertility in vivo, in mature male rabbits for 16 weeks. WIN 18,446 markedly inhibited ALDH1a2 enzyme activity in vitro with an IC(50) of 0.3 μM. In vivo, the oral administration of 200 mg/kg WIN 18,446 to male rabbits for 16 weeks significantly reduced intratesticular concentrations of retinoic acid, severely impaired spermatogenesis, and caused infertility. Reduced concentrations of intratesticular retinoic acid were apparent after only 4 weeks of treatment and preceded the decrease in sperm counts and the loss of mature germ cells in tissue samples. Sperm counts and fertility recovered after treatment was discontinued. These findings demonstrate that bisdichloroacetyldiamines such as WIN 18,446 reversibly suppress spermatogenesis via inhibition of testicular retinoic acid biosynthesis by ALDH1a2. These findings suggest that ALDH1a2 is a promising target for the development of a reversible, nonhormonal male contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine and School of Pharmaceutics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Kawashima T, Sasaki H. Morphological comparison of the cardiac autonomic nervous system between normal and abnormal great arterial branching pattern with a brief review of the literature. Auton Neurosci 2007; 132:37-43. [PMID: 17055344 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information on the topological relationship between arterial and peripheral autonomic nervous systems is insufficient for application to other research fields as each system has been analyzed separately during a long anatomical history. In the present study, we scrutinized the topological changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) in cadavers with a normal great arterial branching pattern of the aortic arch and in those with an anomalous left vertebral artery. These results were then compared with our previous report on cadavers with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery, and we attempted to consider the possible morphological causal principles of the changes. This report would be useful not only for morphological research but also to improve cardiac treatment and animal experiments. Although the CANS shift was considered when a great arterial branching anomaly appeared, additional cardiac nerves along the anomalous artery were found in addition to the normal CANS composition, based on our present and previous anomalous reports. From both developmental and anatomical viewpoints, CANS may depend on the surrounding arterial system. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the peripheral autonomic nervous system with its surrounding structures, especially the arterial system, has filled the gap between morphological and molecular embryological research in addition to the clinical significance in cardiac surgery, the understanding of experimental results, and the application to cardiac functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey D Allan
- Harris Birthright Unit, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Kawashima T, Sasaki H. Topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in individuals with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery: two case reports and a brief review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 210:327-34. [PMID: 16222543 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-005-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cadavers with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery (Rersa) were compared with the normal autonomic cardiac nervous system. The following new results were obtained in addition to the conventional deficient finding of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (1) Right superior cardiac nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglion were consistently observed in both cadavers, in addition to the right thoracic cardiac nerves along the Rersa. (2) A segmental accompanying tendency of the right cardiac nerves was recognized: the cardiac nerves arising from the sympathetic trunk cranial to the middle cervical ganglia ran along with the right common carotid artery, whereas the cardiac nerves arising from the sympathetic trunk caudal to the vertebral ganglion ran along the Rersa. (3) The right thoracic cardiac nerves, which have never been observed to accompany the normal right subclavian artery, ran along the proximal part of the Rersa. According to previous reports of individuals with the Rersa, a thick right thoracic cardiac nerve is commonly observed instead of a right superior cardiac nerve. However, all the cardiac nerves were recognized in both the individuals described in the present report. Therefore, we strongly disagree with the previous idea that the origin of the right cardiac nerves from the sympathetic trunk and ganglia is shifted caudally in individuals with the Rersa. The topological changes of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cases of Rersa also reflected spatial changes of great arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kise K, Nakagawa M, Okamoto N, Hanato T, Watanabe N, Nishijima S, Fujino H, Takeuchi Y, Shiraishi I. Teratogenic effects of bis-diamine on the developing cardiac conduction system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 73:547-54. [PMID: 15965974 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects, including conotruncal anomalies, are often associated with arrhythmias. Bis-diamine induces conotruncal anomalies in embryos when administered to pregnant female rats. To investigate the mechanism of arrhythmia in conotruncal anomalies, we histologically examined the development of the cardiac conduction system in this animal model. METHODS A single dose of 200 mg of bis-diamine was administered to pregnant Wistar rats on ED 10.5 of pregnancy. The embryos were removed on each day from ED 11.5 to 15.5. Immunoexpression of HNK-1, connexin40, and connexin43 were examined in serial sections. The distribution pattern of TUNEL-positive cells around the conduction system was also examined. RESULTS HNK-1 immunoreactivity was evident in interventricular septum, in both the control and the bis-diamine-treated embryos from ED 12.5. Although a chain of connexin40-immunoreactive cells from interventricular septum to trabeculae, corresponding to the His bundle and its branches, was demonstrated at ED 13.5 in the control embryos, this chain was first detected at ED 14.5 in the bis-diamine-treated embryos. Immunoexpression of connexin43 in the working myocardium was also less in the bis-diamine-treated embryos than in the control at ED 13.5. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the interventricular septum was highest at ED 12.5 in the control and at ED 13.5 in the bis-diamine-treated embryos. Furthermore, these TUNEL-positive cells were HNK-1 negative, vimentin-positive, and alpha smooth muscle actin-positive. CONCLUSIONS Bis-diamine disturbed the normal development of gap junctions and apoptosis of myofibroblasts around the HNK-1-positive conduction tissue through overall poor myocardial proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kise
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Okamoto N, Nakagawa M, Fujino H, Nishijima S, Hanato T, Narita T, Takeuchi Y, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Teratogenic effects of bis-diamine on the developing myocardium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 70:132-41. [PMID: 15039927 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bis-diamine induces conotruncal anomalies and disproportional ventricular development in rat embryos when administered to the mother. To evaluate the mechanisms of disproportional ventricular development in the anomalous heart, we analyzed the morphology of the embryonic heart and investigated cardiomyocytic DNA synthesis and apoptosis. METHODS A single dose of 200 mg of bis-diamine was administered to pregnant rats Wistar on day 9.5 of pregnancy. The embryos were removed on each embryonic day from 10.5 to 18.5. Expression of cardiotrophin-1 and hepatocyte growth factor was investigated on the sections, and cardiotrophin-1, hepatocyte growth factor and myocyte enhancer factor 2 mRNA expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Myocardial DNA synthesis was investigated using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and the labeling index was calculated for each heart. Apoptosis was also analyzed using TUNEL reaction and electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation. RESULTS The embryos treated with bis-diamine had conotruncal anomalies associated with thin left ventricular wall in the later stage. The labeling index on embryonic day 15.5 and 16.5 was significantly lower than those in the controls. Hepatocyte growth factor and cardiotrophin-1 mRNA expression was upregulated on embryonic day 12.5 and 15.5 in bis-diamine-treated hearts. Fewer apoptotic cells were detected in the hearts of bis-diamine-treated embryos than in control hearts from embryonic day 14.5 to 16.5. CONCLUSIONS The ventricular disproportion in the bis-diamine-treated heart may be caused by the early myocardial differentiation delay and poor proliferation and reduced apoptosis associated with anomalous circulatory condition in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Nishijima S, Nakagawa M, Fujino H, Hanato T, Okamoto N, Shimada M. Teratogenic effects of bis-diamine on early embryonic rat heart: an in vitro study. TERATOLOGY 2000; 62:115-22. [PMID: 10931509 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9926(200008)62:2<115::aid-tera8>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bis-diamine induces cardiac defects, including conotruncal anomalies in rat embryos when the agent is administered to the mother. To evaluate the teratogenic effects and mechanism of bis-diamine, we performed morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of early rat embryos cultured in medium containing bis-diamine. METHODS The embryos were removed from mother rats on gestational day 10.5 and cultured in medium containing 1 mg of bis-diamine for 6 hr. The embryos were then cultured in medium only for another 6, 12, 18, and 42 hr, corresponding to embryonic day (ED) 11.0, 11.25, 11.5, and 12.5, respectively. Some embryos from the same mothers were used as controls and were cultured in medium only for the corresponding periods to the embryos exposed to bis-diamine. Some mother rats were given a single oral dose of 200 mg of bis-diamine on gestational day 10.5. Embryos from these pregnant rats were removed 6 hr after the oral administration of bis-diamine, and were also cultured in medium only for 6, 12, 18, and 42 hr. RESULTS No cardiac abnormalities were detected in the controls at any stage of development. Thirty-three of 51 (65%) embryos exposed to bis-diamine and 15 of 20 (75%) embryos removed from bis-diamine-administered mothers showed abnormal cardiac development, including dilated ventricle, elongation of outflow tract, and pericardial defect on ED 11.5. Four of six (67%) embryos exposed to bis-diamine, and five of seven (71%) removed from bis-diamine-administered mothers also presented almost the same cardiac abnormalities on ED 12.5. No cardiac abnormalities were detected in bis-diamine-treated embryos before ED 11.5. In addition, the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) was examined using immunohistochemical methods. Fewer N-CAM immunoreactive cells were detected in the third and fourth aortic arches in the bis-diamine-treated embryos than in controls on ED 11.5. However, more N-CAM immunoreactive cells were detected in the bis-diamine-treated embryos than in controls on ED 12.5. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bis-diamine induces cardiac anomalies by delaying the migration of neural crest cells into the heart and by disturbing the proliferation of pericardial precursor during early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Solomon HM, Wier PJ, Johnson CM, Posobiec LM, Rendemonti JE, Rumberger DF. Benzofuranyl ureas with potent cardiovascular teratogenicity in rats. TERATOLOGY 2000; 61:211-21. [PMID: 10661911 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(200003)61:3<211::aid-tera9>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of embryo-fetal development in rats were conducted with two 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. SB-202235 (1,000 mg/kg/day) or SB-210661 (50, 100, or 500 mg/kg/day) was administered orally by gavage to female rats on days 6-17 postcoitus (pc) or days 7-16 pc. SB-202235 (1,000 mg/kg/day) and SB-210661 (100 mg/kg/day) reduced maternal body weight gain for the treatment period by 16% and 21%, respectively, relative to controls. SB-202235 (1,000 mg/kg/day) or SB-210661 (50 or 100 mg/kg/day), did not affect numbers of resorptions, dead or live fetuses/litter, but 500 mg/kg/day of SB-210661 caused 100% embryo lethality. SB-202235 (1,000 mg/kg/day) and SB-210661 (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) reduced fetal body weight by 15-30% and produced extensive cardiovascular malformations, as well as diaphragmatic hernias. SB-210661 also caused thymic abnormalities and cryptorchidism. Cardiovascular defects included abnormalities in aorticopulmonary septation, the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, and ventricular septal defects are discussed relative to comparable human syndromes of cardiovascular malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Solomon
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Choy M, Oltjen SL, Moon AJ, Armstrong MT, Armstrong PB. Bisdiamine inhibits extracellular matrix formation and cell proliferation of atrioventricular mesenchyme from developing chick heart valves. TERATOLOGY 1999; 59:148-55. [PMID: 10194805 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199903)59:3<148::aid-tera6>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the cushion tissues lead to atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and truncus arteriosus (TA). Bisdiamine exposure in the embryo frequently causes AVSD and TA in the newborn chick, mouse, or rat. We studied the effects of bisdiamine on mesenchymal cells grown in aggregate culture isolated from the developing atrioventricular valves of the stage-36 chick embryo. Fibronectin extracellular matrix formation and cell proliferation in the aggregates were assessed in various media. Chick serum stimulated the cells to produce an extracellular matrix and to divide, and the inclusion of bisdiamine inhibited both responses. If we isolated an extracellular matrix from a monolayer of mesenchymal cells and added the sonicated matrix to the medium containing serum and bisdiamine, the matrix incorporated into the aggregates and the cells entered the mitotic cycle. Our previous work established that cells need to attach to an intact extracellular matrix to begin cell division. Thus, we suggest that bisdiamine inhibits the normal formation of the extracellular matrix, leading to reduced cell proliferation, but it does not affect matrix-cell interaction. The lack of cushion growth in situ may be the cause of AVSD or TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Choy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
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