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Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169465. [PMID: 36012730 PMCID: PMC9408932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly postmenopausal women and older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. It is diagnosed through different methods such as bone densitometry and dual X-rays. The treatment of this pathology focuses on different aspects. On the one hand, pharmacological treatments are characterized by the use of anti-resorptive drugs, as well as emerging regenerative medicine treatments such as cell therapies and the use of bioactive hydrogels. On the other hand, non-pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, such as physical activity, diet and the cessation of harmful habits such as a high consumption of alcohol or smoking. This review seeks to provide an overview of the theoretical basis in relation to bone biology, the existing methods for diagnosis and the treatments of osteoporosis, including the development of new strategies.
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Bailly M, Boscaro A, Thomas T, Féasson L, Costes F, Pereira B, Hager J, Estour B, Galusca B, Metz L, Courteix D, Thivel D, Verney J, Germain N. New Insights on Bone Tissue and Structural Muscle-Bone Unit in Constitutional Thinness. Front Physiol 2022; 13:921351. [PMID: 35874537 PMCID: PMC9305386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.921351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While few studies pointed out low bone mineral densities in constitutionally thin women, little is known about potential explanations. The objective was to further explore bone architecture in both women and men with constitutional thinness to investigate their mechanical muscle-bone coupling (or uncoupling). Thirty constitutionally thin people and 31 normal weight controls participated in the study. Body composition, hip structural analysis, and trabecular bone score were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone architecture using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and muscle explorations through histological staining on muscle biopsies. Thirty-two out of the 48 indexes relative to density, geometry, texture, and architecture of bones were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in constitutionally thin individuals compared with controls. This observation was particularly pronounced in constitutionally thin men. Bone microarchitecture was more altered in weight-supporting bone (tibia) than in non-weight-supporting (radius) bone, which might refer to a normal physiological adaptation (Frost’s mechanostat theory). Yet, the heat-maps of correlations analyses showed many alterations of body weight or muscle associations with bone parameters in constitutionally thin individuals contrary to controls. Present results might support the idea of intrinsic disturbances of bone cells independently to the small muscle structure, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Mélina Bailly,
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Nord, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
- INSERM U1059, University of Lyon-Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (LIBM) EA 7424, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Health Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Estour
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Eating Disorders Addictions and Extreme Bodyweight Research Group (TAPE) EA 7423, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Étienne, France
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Eating Disorders, CHU, Saint-Étienne, France
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Zhang P, Liu X, Guo P, Li X, He Z, Li Z, Stoddart MJ, Grad S, Tian W, Chen D, Zou X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Effect of cyclic mechanical loading on immunoinflammatory microenvironment in biofabricating hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3097-3108. [PMID: 33778191 PMCID: PMC7960680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that the mechanical microenvironment can impact the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effect of mechanical stimuli in biofabricating hydroxyapatite scaffolds on the inflammatory response of MSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical loading on the inflammatory response of MSCs seeded on scaffolds. Cyclic mechanical loading was applied to biofabricate the cell-scaffold composite for 15 min/day over 7, 14, or 21 days. At the predetermined time points, culture supernatant was collected for inflammatory mediator detection, and gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL1B and IL8) was downregulated (p < 0.05) and the expression of ALP (p < 0.01) and COL1A1 (p < 0.05) was upregulated under mechanical loading. The cell-scaffold composites biofabricated with or without mechanical loading were freeze-dried to prepare extracellular matrix-based scaffolds (ECM-based scaffolds). Murine macrophages were seeded on the ECM-based scaffolds to evaluate their polarization. The ECM-based scaffolds that were biofabricated with mechanical loading before freeze-drying enhanced the expression of M2 polarization-related biomarkers (Arginase 1 and Mrc1, p < 0.05) of macrophages in vitro and increased bone volume/total volume ratio in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrated that mechanical loading could dually modulate the inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Besides, the ECM-based scaffolds that were biofabricated with mechanical loading before freeze-drying facilitated the M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. Mechanical loading may be a promising biofabrication strategy for bone biomaterials. Compressive mechanical loading is applied to biofabricate the MSCs-hydroxyapatite composites for bone regeneration. Mechanical loading can modulate the inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs seeded on scaffold. ECM-based scaffolds from initially loading biofabrication facilitated the M2 polarization of macrophages and bone repair. Mechanical loading may be a promising biofabrication strategy for bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Cao Z, Zhang Y, Wei S, Zhang X, Guo Y, Han B. Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and function network in osteoblast-like cells under simulated microgravity. Gene 2020; 764:145106. [PMID: 32889059 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicing. Research increasingly suggests that circRNAs play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs in osteoblast differentiation under microgravity remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles and mechanobiological response of circRNAs in osteoblasts under simulated microgravity. METHODS Differential circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 cells during exposure to microgravity were screened by RNA transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The selected RNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were applied for gene function analyses. RESULTS A total of 427 circRNAs and 1912 mRNAs were differentially expressed along with osteogenic differentiation in the simulated microgravity group (SMG) compared to the control group (CON). Of these, 232 circRNAs and 991 mRNAs were upregulated, whereas 95 circRNAs and 921 mRNAs were downregulated (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the parental genes of circRNAs and mRNAs were mainly enriched in anatomical structure morphogenesis, anchoring junction and protein binding. KEGG analysis results showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and Ras signalling pathway. Subsequently, 9 core regulatory genes, including 6 mRNAs and 3 circRNAs, were identified based on their possible function in osteoblast differentiation. Based on this analysis, circ_014154 was selected as the target circRNA, which likely plays important roles in osteogenic differentiation processes under microgravity. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network showed that circRNAs might act as miRNA sponges to regulate osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSION By presenting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genes and circRNAs in simulated microgravity, the present study will provide a novel view of circRNAs in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Shuping Wei
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Xizheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Biao Han
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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Ferreira BC, Freire AR, Araujo R, do Amaral-Silva GK, Okamoto R, Prado FB, Rossi AC. β-catenin and Its Relation to Alveolar Bone Mechanical Deformation - A Study Conducted in Rats With Tooth Extraction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32581840 PMCID: PMC7291952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between alveolar bone deformation and β-catenin expression levels in response to the mechanical load changed by dental extraction in adult rats. Twenty-four male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus), Wistar linage, at 2 months of age, were used. The right upper incisor tooth was extracted, and euthanasia occurred in periods 5 (n = 6), 7 (n = 6), and 14 (n = 6) days after Day 0. In the control group (n = 6), the dentition was maintained. The euthanasia occurred within 14 days after day 0. After euthanasia, the rats of all groups had their left jaw with tooth removed and separated in the middle. The pieces were undergone routine histological processing and then the immunohistochemical marking were performed to label expression of the primary β-catenin antibody, which was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative analysis. One head by each group (control and experimental) was submitted to computerized microtomography. After the three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of the rat in each group, the computational simulation for finite elements analysis were performed to simulate a bite in the incisors. In finite element analysis, the strain patterns were evaluated after the application of bite force. The results were analyzed considering the areas in which changes in the amount of deformations were detected. The action of the bite force in the experimental condition, resulted in a uniform distribution of the amount of deformations, in addition to lower amount of deformation areas, differentiating from the control group. Comparing with the control group, the levels of β-catenin signaled in the lingual bone of the middle third of the alveolar bone were raised in the periods of 5 and 14 days. The increased β-catenin positive staining intensity was concentrated on osteocytes and gaps of osteocytes. The findings of the present study were in accordance with our hypothesis that the condition of dental extraction can cause the expression of β-catenin and alter the regimes of bone deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Carmona Ferreira
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology Research, Biosciences Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology Research, Biosciences Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Araujo
- São Leopoldo Research Institute, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gleyson Kleber do Amaral-Silva
- Oral Pathology Laboratory, Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Laboratory for Study of Mineralized Tissue, Basic Sciences Department, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology Research, Biosciences Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology Research, Biosciences Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Liu HY, Zhao S, Zhang H, Huang SY, Peng WT, Zhang CQ, Wang W. Research on solute transport behaviors in the lacunar-canalicular system using numerical simulation in microgravity. Comput Biol Med 2020; 119:103700. [PMID: 32339112 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of mass transfer in microgravity might be the underlying cause of disuse osteoporosis in astronauts after long-term space flights. The osteons are cylindrical structures and are the main structural units of the diaphysis in long bones. METHODS A multi-scale 3D fluid-solid coupled finite element model of osteon with a two-stage pore structure was developed using COMSOL software in order to investigate solute transport behaviors in the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) induced by physiological strain loading. Certain small molecules that are necessary as solutes in tissue fluid for osteocyte metabolism were simplified to micro-particles. A comparative analysis of solute transport behaviors in the LCS induced by physiological strain loading was conducted with a frequency of 0.2-2.5 Hz in microgravity and the Earth's gravitational fields. RESULTS The average velocity of solute transport in lacunae in microgravity was 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than in Earth's gravitational field. The number of particles that represented solute transport quantity in the middle and deep lacunae increased steadily with a load frequency within the Earth's gravitational field. However, it differed based on the load frequency in microgravity, with the number of particles increasing with frequencies in the range of 0.2-0.5 Hz and 0.8-2 Hz, and decreasing with frequencies in the range of 0.5-0.8 Hz. CONCLUSIONS A moving load with appropriate frequency could promote solute transport to the middle and deep lacunae, effectively preventing apoptosis of deep osteocytes due to a lack of nutrients. The results of this study provided theoretical guidance for preventing bone loss in astronauts during long-term space flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Yi Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Tao Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China
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Hu Z, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang Y, Tan Y, Dang L, Wang K, Sun Z, Li G, Cao X, Zhang S, Shi F, Zhang G. Targeted silencing of miRNA-132-3p expression rescues disuse osteopenia by promoting mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:58. [PMID: 32054528 PMCID: PMC7020585 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal unloading can induce severe disuse osteopenia that often occurs in spaceflight astronauts or in patients subjected to prolonged bed-rest or immobility. Previously, we revealed a mechano-sensitive factor, miRNA-132-3p, that is closely related to the osteoblast function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA-132-3p could be an effective target for treating disuse osteopenia. Methods The 2D-clinostat device and the hindlimb-unloaded (HU) model were used to copy the mechanical unloading condition at the cellular and animal levels, respectively. Mimics or inhibitors of miRNA-132-3p were used to interfere with the expression of miRNA-132-3p in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro for analyzing the effects on osteogenic differentiation. The special in vivo antagonists of miRNA-132-3p was delivered to the bone formation regions of HU mice for treating disuse osteopenia by a bone-targeted (AspSerSer)6-cationic liposome system. The bone mass, microstructure, and strength of the hindlimb bone tissue were analyzed for evaluating the therapeutic effect in vivo. Results miRNA-132-3p expression was declined under normal conditions and increased under gravitational mechanical unloading conditions during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. The upregulation of miRNA-132-3p expression resulted in the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, whereas the downregulation of miRNA-132-3p expression enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The inhibition of miRNA-132-3p expression was able to attenuate the negative effects of mechanical unloading on BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Most importantly, the targeted silencing of miRNA-132-3p expression in the bone tissues could effectively preserve bone mass, microstructure, and strength by promoting osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis in HU mice. Conclusion The overexpression of miRNA-132-3p induced by mechanical unloading is disadvantageous for BMSC osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis. Targeted silencing of miRNA-132-3p expression presents a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of disuse osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Aviation Medicine Research Institute, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, No. 454 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Gaozhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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8
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Lovecchio J, Gargiulo P, Vargas Luna JL, Giordano E, Sigurjónsson ÓE. A standalone bioreactor system to deliver compressive load under perfusion flow to hBMSC-seeded 3D chitosan-graphene templates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16854. [PMID: 31728040 PMCID: PMC6856067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of engineered biological tissues holds great potential for both clinical applications and basic research in a life science laboratory. A prototype standalone perfusion/compression bioreactor system was proposed to address the osteogenic commitment of stem cells seeded onboard of 3D chitosan-graphene (CHT/G) templates. Testing involved the coordinated administration of a 1 mL/min medium flow rate together with dynamic compression (1% strain at 1 Hz; applied twice daily for 30 min) for one week. When compared to traditional static culture conditions, the application of perfusion and compression stimuli to human bone marrow stem cells using the 3D CHT/G template scaffold induced a sizable effect. After using the dynamic culture protocol, there was evidence of a larger number of viable cells within the inner core of the scaffold and of enhanced extracellular matrix mineralization. These observations show that our novel device would be suitable for addressing and investigating the osteogenic phenotype commitment of stem cells, for both potential clinical applications and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lovecchio
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykiavík, Iceland.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti" - Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Via Cesare Pavese 50, 47522, Cesena, FC, Italy.
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykiavík, Iceland
| | - Jose Luis Vargas Luna
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykiavík, Iceland
- Department of Science, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykiavík, Iceland
- Center of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20/4L, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti" - Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Via Cesare Pavese 50, 47522, Cesena, FC, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Ólafur Eysteinn Sigurjónsson
- Institute of Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykiavík, Iceland
- The Blood Bank, The Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Use of Organoids Technology on Study of Liver Malignancy. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_126_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study on liver cancer has been performed in clinical medicine and medical science for a long time. Within the few recent years, there are many new emerging biomedical technologies that help better assess on the liver cancer. Of several new technologies, the advanced cell technologies for the assessment of liver cancer, organoids technology is very interesting. In fact, the organoids is an advanced cell research technique that can be useful for studying of many medical disorders. Organoids can be applied for study on the pathophysiology of many cancers. The application for studying on liver cancer is very interesting issue in hepatology. In this short article, the author summarizes and discusses on applied organoids technology for studying on various kinds of liver cancers. The application can be seen on primary hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, as well as other rare liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Biological Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
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10
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Zhu S, Ehnert S, Rouß M, Häussling V, Aspera-Werz RH, Chen T, Nussler AK. From the Clinical Problem to the Basic Research-Co-Culture Models of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082284. [PMID: 30081523 PMCID: PMC6121694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue undergoes constant remodeling and healing when fracture happens, in order to ensure its structural integrity. In order to better understand open biological and clinical questions linked to various bone diseases, bone cell co-culture technology is believed to shed some light into the dark. Osteoblasts/osteocytes and osteoclasts dominate the metabolism of bone by a multitude of connections. Therefore, it is widely accepted that a constant improvement of co-culture models with both cell types cultured on a 3D scaffold, is aimed to mimic an in vivo environment as closely as possible. Although in recent years a considerable knowledge of bone co-culture models has been accumulated, there are still many open questions. We here try to summarize the actual knowledge and address open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhu
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Rouß
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Victor Häussling
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Romina H Aspera-Werz
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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11
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Kis Z, Rodin T, Zafar A, Lai Z, Freke G, Fleck O, Del Rio Hernandez A, Towhidi L, Pedrigi RM, Homma T, Krams R. Development of a synthetic gene network to modulate gene expression by mechanical forces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29643. [PMID: 27404994 PMCID: PMC4940741 DOI: 10.1038/srep29643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of (mammalian) cells in our body are sensitive to mechanical forces, but little work has been done to develop assays to monitor mechanosensor activity. Furthermore, it is currently impossible to use mechanosensor activity to drive gene expression. To address these needs, we developed the first mammalian mechanosensitive synthetic gene network to monitor endothelial cell shear stress levels and directly modulate expression of an atheroprotective transcription factor by shear stress. The technique is highly modular, easily scalable and allows graded control of gene expression by mechanical stimuli in hard-to-transfect mammalian cells. We call this new approach mechanosyngenetics. To insert the gene network into a high proportion of cells, a hybrid transfection procedure was developed that involves electroporation, plasmids replication in mammalian cells, mammalian antibiotic selection, a second electroporation and gene network activation. This procedure takes 1 week and yielded over 60% of cells with a functional gene network. To test gene network functionality, we developed a flow setup that exposes cells to linearly increasing shear stress along the length of the flow channel floor. Activation of the gene network varied logarithmically as a function of shear stress magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kis
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Rodin
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Zafar
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Government College University, GC University, Katchery Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zhangxing Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore
| | - Grace Freke
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Fleck
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Del Rio Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Towhidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M. Pedrigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Homma
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Melatonin Suppresses Autophagy Induced by Clinostat in Preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:526. [PMID: 27070587 PMCID: PMC4848982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity exposure can cause cardiovascular and immune disorders, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and loss of blood and plasma volume. A clinostat device is an effective ground-based tool for simulating microgravity. This study investigated how melatonin suppresses autophagy caused by simulated microgravity in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. In preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, clinostat rotation induced a significant time-dependent increase in the levels of the autophagosomal marker microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3), suggesting that autophagy is induced by clinostat rotation in these cells. Melatonin treatment (100, 200 nM) significantly attenuated the clinostat-induced increases in LC3 II protein, and immunofluorescence staining revealed decreased levels of both LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2), indicating a decrease in autophagosomes. The levels of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) (Ser2448), phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylation of serine-threonine protein kinase (p-Akt) (Ser473) were significantly reduced by clinostat rotation. However, their expression levels were significantly recovered by melatonin treatment. Also, expression of the Bcl-2, truncated Bid, Cu/Zn- superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Mn-SOD proteins were significantly increased by melatonin treatment, whereas levels of Bax and catalase were decreased. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker GRP78/BiP, IRE1α, and p-PERK proteins were significantly reduced by melatonin treatment. Treatment with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole blocked melatonin-induced decreases in LC3 II levels. These results demonstrate that melatonin suppresses clinostat-induced autophagy through increasing the phosphorylation of the ERK/Akt/mTOR proteins. Consequently, melatonin appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for regulating microgravity-related bone loss or osteoporosis.
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Canciani B, Ruggiu A, Giuliani A, Panetta D, Marozzi K, Tripodi M, Salvadori PA, Cilli M, Ohira Y, Cancedda R, Tavella S. Effects of long time exposure to simulated micro- and hypergravity on skeletal architecture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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