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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Wang J, Jin X. Strategies for decellularization, re-cellularIzation and crosslinking in liver bioengineering. Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:129-139. [PMID: 38253541 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231218566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and its availability is restricted by organ donor shortages. The development of liver bioengineering provides the probability to create a functional alternative to reduce the gap in organ demand and supply. Decellularized liver scaffolds have been widely applied in bioengineering because they can mimic the native liver microenvironment and retain extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Multiple approaches including chemical, physical and biological methods have been developed for liver decellularization in current studies, but a full set of unified criteria has not yet been established. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks that influence the microstructure and ligand landscape of decellularized liver scaffolds. Optimizing a decellularization method to eliminate cell material while retaining as much of the ECM intact as possible is therefore important for biological scaffold applications. Furthermore, crosslinking strategies can improve the biological performance of scaffolds, including reinforcing biomechanics, delaying degradation in vivo and reducing immune rejection, which can better promote the integration of re-cellularized scaffolds with host tissue and influence the reconstruction process. In this review, we aim to present the different liver decellularization techniques, the crosslinking methods to improve scaffold characteristics with crosslinking and the preparation of soluble ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Jin
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Momen LT, Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Zahri S. Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of acellular rat skin scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:217-230. [PMID: 37660321 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of acellular scaffolds, extracellular matrix (ECM) without cell content, is growing in tissue engineering, due to their high biocompatibility, bioactivity ad mechanical support. Hence, the purpose of this research was to study the characteristics and biocompatibility of decellularized rat skin scaffolds using the osmotic shock method. First, the skin of male Wistar rats was harvested and cut into 1 × 1 cm2 pieces. Then, some of the harvested parts were subjected to the decellularization process by applying osmotic shock. Comparison of control and scaffold samples was conducted in order to assure cell elimination and ECM conservation by means of histological evaluations, quantification of biochemical factors, measurement of DNA amount, and photographing the ultrastructure of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to evaluate stem cell viability and adhesion to the scaffold, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were seeded on the acellular scaffolds. Subsequently, MTT test and SEM imaging of the scaffolds containing cultured cells were applied. The findings indicated that in the decellularized scaffolds prepared by osmotic shock method, not only the cell content was removed, but also the ECM components and its ultrastructure were preserved. Also, the 99% viability and adhesion of AD-MSCs cultured on the scaffolds indicate the biocompatibility of the decellularized skin scaffold. In conclusion, decellularized rat skin scaffolds are biocompatible and appropriate scaffolds for future investigations of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghizadeh Momen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Maistriaux L, Foulon V, Fievé L, Xhema D, Evrard R, Manon J, Coyette M, Bouzin C, Poumay Y, Gianello P, Behets C, Lengelé B. Reconstruction of the human nipple-areolar complex: a tissue engineering approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1295075. [PMID: 38425730 PMCID: PMC10902434 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction after breast cancer surgery is challenging and does not always provide optimal long-term esthetic results. Therefore, generating a NAC using tissue engineering techniques, such as a decellularization-recellularization process, is an alternative option to recreate a specific 3D NAC morphological unit, which is then covered with an in vitro regenerated epidermis and, thereafter, skin-grafted on the reconstructed breast. Materials and methods: Human NACs were harvested from cadaveric donors and decellularized using sequential detergent baths. Cellular clearance and extracellular matrix (ECM) preservation were analyzed by histology, as well as by DNA, ECM proteins, growth factors, and residual sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) quantification. In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated 30 days after the subcutaneous implantation of native and decellularized human NACs in rats. In vitro scaffold cytocompatibility was assessed by static seeding of human fibroblasts on their hypodermal side for 7 days, while human keratinocytes were seeded on the scaffold epidermal side for 10 days by using the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) technique to investigate the regeneration of a new epidermis. Results: The decellularized NAC showed a preserved 3D morphology and appeared white. After decellularization, a DNA reduction of 98.3% and the absence of nuclear and HLA staining in histological sections confirmed complete cellular clearance. The ECM architecture and main ECM proteins were preserved, associated with the detection and decrease in growth factors, while a very low amount of residual SDS was detected after decellularization. The decellularized scaffolds were in vivo biocompatible, fully revascularized, and did not induce the production of rat anti-human antibodies after 30 days of subcutaneous implantation. Scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility was confirmed by the increasing proliferation of seeded human fibroblasts during 7 days of culture, associated with a high number of living cells and a similar viability compared to the control cells after 7 days of static culture. Moreover, the RHE technique allowed us to recreate a keratinized pluristratified epithelium after 10 days of culture. Conclusion: Tissue engineering allowed us to create an acellular and biocompatible NAC with a preserved morphology, microarchitecture, and matrix proteins while maintaining their cell growth potential and ability to regenerate the skin epidermis. Thus, tissue engineering could provide a novel alternative to personalized and natural NAC reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Maistriaux
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Pole of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Foulon
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lies Fievé
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daela Xhema
- Pole of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Evrard
- Pole of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Manon
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maude Coyette
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit for Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), UNamur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Pole of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Behets
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Lengelé
- Pole of Morphology (MORF), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Andreas MN, Boehm AK, Tang P, Moosburner S, Klein O, Daneshgar A, Gaßner JMGV, Raschzok N, Haderer L, Wulsten D, Rückert JC, Spuler S, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH. Development and systematic evaluation of decellularization protocols in different application models for diaphragmatic tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213493. [PMID: 37418932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineered bioscaffolds based on decellularized composites have gained increasing interest for treatment of various diaphragmatic impairments, including muscular atrophies and diaphragmatic hernias. Detergent-enzymatic treatment (DET) constitutes a standard strategy for diaphragmatic decellularization. However, there is scarce data on comparing DET protocols with different substances in distinct application models in their ability to maximize cellular removal while minimizing extracellular matrix (ECM) damage. METHODS We decellularized diaphragms of male Sprague Dawley rats with 1 % or 0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 4 % sodium deoxycholate (SDC) by orbital shaking (OS) or retrograde perfusion (RP) through the vena cava. We evaluated decellularized diaphragmatic samples by (1) quantitative analysis including DNA quantification and biomechanical testing, (2) qualitative and semiquantitative analysis by proteomics, as well as (3) qualitative assessment with macroscopic and microscopic evaluation by histological staining, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All protocols produced decellularized matrices with micro- and ultramorphologically intact architecture and adequate biomechanical performance with gradual differences. The proteomic profile of decellularized matrices contained a broad range of primal core and ECM-associated proteins similar to native muscle. While no outstanding preference for one singular protocol was determinable, SDS-treated samples showed slightly beneficial properties in comparison to SDC-processed counterparts. Both application modalities proved suitable for DET. CONCLUSION DET with SDS or SDC via orbital shaking or retrograde perfusion constitute suitable methods to produce adequately decellularized matrices with characteristically preserved proteomic composition. Exposing compositional and functional specifics of variously treated grafts may enable establishing an ideal processing strategy to sustain valuable tissue characteristics and optimize consecutive recellularization. This aims to design an optimal bioscaffold for future transplantation in quantitative and qualitative diaphragmatic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco N Andreas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes K Boehm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Assal Daneshgar
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph M G V Gaßner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luna Haderer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius-Wolff-Institut für Biomechanik und Muskuloskeletale Regeneration, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Carsten Rückert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany.
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Data K, Kulus M, Ziemak H, Chwarzyński M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Decellularization of Dense Regular Connective Tissue-Cellular and Molecular Modification with Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:2293. [PMID: 37759515 PMCID: PMC10528602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of dense regular connective tissue, due to a high fiber-to-cell ratio and low metabolic activity and regeneration potential, frequently requires surgical implantation or reconstruction with high risk of reinjury. An alternative to synthetic implants is using bioscaffolds obtained through decellularization, a process where the aim is to extract cells from the tissue while preserving the tissue-specific native molecular structure of the ECM. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other various extracellular molecules are largely involved in differentiation, proliferation, vascularization and collagen fibers deposit, making them the crucial processes in tissue regeneration. Because of the multiple possible forms of cell extraction, there is no standardized protocol in dense regular connective tissue (DRCT). Many modifications of the structure, shape and composition of the bioscaffold have also been described to improve the therapeutic result following the implantation of decellularized connective tissue. The available data provide a valuable source of crucial information. However, the wide spectrum of decellularization makes it important to understand the key aspects of bioscaffolds relative to their potential use in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Ziemak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Chwarzyński
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zvyagina AI, Minaychev VV, Kobyakova MI, Lomovskaya YV, Senotov AS, Pyatina KV, Akatov VS, Fadeev RS, Fadeeva IS. Soft Biomimetic Approach for the Development of Calcinosis-Resistant Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Surgery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:357. [PMID: 37622962 PMCID: PMC10452421 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological aseptic calcification is the most common form of structural valvular degeneration (SVD), leading to premature failure of heart valve bioprostheses (BHVs). The processing methods used to obtain GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials determine the hemodynamic characteristics and durability of BHVs. This article presents a comparative study of the effects of several processing methods on the degree of damage to the ECM of GA-fixed pericardium-based biomaterials as well as on their biostability, biocompatibility, and resistance to calcification. Based on the assumption that preservation of the native ECM structure will enable the creation of calcinosis-resistant materials, this study provides a soft biomimetic approach for the manufacture of GA-fixed biomaterials using gentle decellularization and washing methods. It has been shown that the use of soft methods for preimplantation processing of materials, ensuring maximum preservation of the intactness of the pericardial ECM, radically increases the resistance of biomaterials to calcification. These obtained data are of interest for the development of new calcinosis-resistant biomaterials for the manufacture of BHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona I. Zvyagina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Vladislav V. Minaychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Margarita I. Kobyakova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Yana V. Lomovskaya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Anatoliy S. Senotov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Kira V. Pyatina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Akatov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Roman S. Fadeev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina S. Fadeeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia (V.S.A.); (R.S.F.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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8
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Kang H, Han Y, Jin M, Zheng L, Liu Z, Xue Y, Liu Z, Li C. Decellularized squid mantle scaffolds as tissue-engineered corneal stroma for promoting corneal regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10531. [PMID: 37476050 PMCID: PMC10354768 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness is a worldwide major cause of vision loss, and corneal transplantation remains to be the most effective way to restore the vision. However, often there is a shortage of the donor corneas for transplantation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel tissue-engineered corneal substitute. The present study envisaged the development of a novel and efficient method to prepare the corneal stromal equivalent from the marine biomaterials-squid. A chemical method was employed to decellularize the squid mantle scaffold to create a cell-free tissue substitute using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. Subsequently, a novel clearing method, namely clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails (CUBIC) method was used to transparent it. Decellularized squid mantle scaffold (DSMS) has high decellularization efficiency, is rich in essential amino acids, and maintains the regular fiber alignment. In vitro experiments showed that the soaking solution of DSMS was non-toxic to human corneal epithelium cells. DSMS exhibited a good biocompatibility in the rat muscle by undergoing a complete degradation, and promoted the growth of the muscle. In addition, the DSMS showed a good compatibility with the corneal stroma in the rabbit inter-corneal implantation model, and promoted the regeneration of the corneal stroma without any evident rejection. Our results indicate that the squid mantle can be a potential new type of tissue-engineered corneal stroma material with a promising clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Kang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yi Han
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Mengyi Jin
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Department of Ophthalmologythe First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Department of Ophthalmologythe First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
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9
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Kasravi M, Ahmadi A, Babajani A, Mazloomnejad R, Hatamnejad MR, Shariatzadeh S, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomater Res 2023; 27:10. [PMID: 36759929 PMCID: PMC9912640 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds hold great potential to address the donor shortage as well as immunologic rejection attributed to cells in conventional tissue/organ transplantation. Decellularization, as the key process in manufacturing ECM scaffolds, removes immunogen cell materials and significantly alleviates the immunogenicity and biocompatibility of derived scaffolds. However, the application of these bioscaffolds still confronts major immunologic challenges. This review discusses the interplay between damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and antigens as the main inducers of innate and adaptive immunity to aid in manufacturing biocompatible grafts with desirable immunogenicity. It also appraises the impact of various decellularization methodologies (i.e., apoptosis-assisted techniques) on provoking immune responses that participate in rejecting allogenic and xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds. In addition, the key research findings regarding the contribution of ECM alterations, cytotoxicity issues, graft sourcing, and implantation site to the immunogenicity of decellularized tissues/organs are comprehensively considered. Finally, it discusses practical solutions to overcome immunogenicity, including antigen masking by crosslinking, sterilization optimization, and antigen removal techniques such as selective antigen removal and sequential antigen solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Kasravi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran ,grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Radman Mazloomnejad
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- grid.454388.60000 0004 6047 9906Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985711151, Iran.
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10
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Spierings J, Velthuijs W, Mansoor A, Bertrand ME, Uquillas JA, Ito K, Janssen RPA, Foolen J. A decellularized and sterilized human meniscus allograft for off-the-shelf meniscus replacement. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:116. [PMID: 36464727 PMCID: PMC9719875 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Meniscus tears are one of the most frequent orthopedic knee injuries, which are currently often treated performing meniscectomy. Clinical concerns comprise progressive degeneration of the meniscus tissue, a change in knee biomechanics, and an early onset of osteoarthritis. To overcome these problems, meniscal transplant surgery can be performed. However, adequate meniscal replacements remain to be a great challenge. In this research, we propose the use of a decellularized and sterilized human meniscus allograft as meniscal replacement. METHODS Human menisci were subjected to a decellularization protocol combined with sterilization using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The decellularization efficiency of human meniscus tissue was evaluated via DNA quantification and Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and DAPI staining. The mechanical properties of native, decellularized, and decellularized + sterilized meniscus tissue were evaluated, and its composition was determined via collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, and a collagen and GAG stain. Additionally, cytocompatibility was determined in vitro. RESULTS Human menisci were decellularized to DNA levels of ~ 20 ng/mg of tissue dry weight. The mechanical properties and composition of human meniscus were not significantly affected by decellularization and sterilization. Histologically, the decellularized and sterilized meniscus tissue had maintained its collagen and glycosaminoglycan structure and distribution. Besides, the processed tissues were not cytotoxic to seeded human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Human meniscus tissue was successfully decellularized, while maintaining biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties, without signs of in vitro cytotoxicity. The ease at which human meniscus tissue can be efficiently decellularized, while maintaining its native properties, paves the way towards clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Spierings
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Velthuijs
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Amal Mansoor
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorge Alfredo Uquillas
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P. A. Janssen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.414711.60000 0004 0477 4812Maxima Medical Centre Eindhoven/Veldhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.448801.10000 0001 0669 4689Health Innovations and Technology, Department of Paramedical Sciences, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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McInnes AD, Moser MAJ, Chen X. Preparation and Use of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040240. [PMID: 36412881 PMCID: PMC9680265 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize the practise of medicine through the abilities to repair, regenerate, or replace tissues and organs with functional engineered constructs. To this end, tissue engineering combines scaffolding materials with cells and biologically active molecules into constructs with the appropriate structures and properties for tissue/organ regeneration, where scaffolding materials and biomolecules are the keys to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For this, one emerging way is to decellularize the native ECM into the materials suitable for, directly or in combination with other materials, creating functional constructs. Over the past decade, decellularized ECM (or dECM) has greatly facilitated the advance of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, while being challenged in many ways. This article reviews the recent development of dECM for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with a focus on the preparation of dECM along with its influence on cell culture, the modification of dECM for use as a scaffolding material, and the novel techniques and emerging trends in processing dECM into functional constructs. We highlight the success of dECM and constructs in the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications and further identify the key issues and challenges involved, along with a discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. McInnes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-5435
| | - Michael A. J. Moser
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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12
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Boehm AK, Hillebrandt KH, Dziodzio T, Krenzien F, Neudecker J, Spuler S, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Andreas MN. Tissue engineering for the diaphragm and its various therapeutic possibilities – A Systematic Review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes K Boehm
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Tomasz Dziodzio
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit Experimental and Clinical Research Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max‐Delbrück‐Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft Lindenberger Weg 80 Berlin 13125 Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy Berlin EXC 2025 Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy Berlin EXC 2025 Germany
| | - Marco N Andreas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Department of Surgery Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany
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13
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Naso F, Gandaglia A. Can Heart Valve Decellularization Be Standardized? A Review of the Parameters Used for the Quality Control of Decellularization Processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:830899. [PMID: 35252139 PMCID: PMC8891751 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When a tissue or an organ is considered, the attention inevitably falls on the complex and delicate mechanisms regulating the correct interaction of billions of cells that populate it. However, the most critical component for the functionality of specific tissue or organ is not the cell, but the cell-secreted three-dimensional structure known as the extracellular matrix (ECM). Without the presence of an adequate ECM, there would be no optimal support and stimuli for the cellular component to replicate, communicate and interact properly, thus compromising cell dynamics and behaviour and contributing to the loss of tissue-specific cellular phenotype and functions. The limitations of the current bioprosthetic implantable medical devices have led researchers to explore tissue engineering constructs, predominantly using animal tissues as a potentially unlimited source of materials. The high homology of the protein sequences that compose the mammalian ECM, can be exploited to convert a soft animal tissue into a human autologous functional and long-lasting prosthesis ensuring the viability of the cells and maintaining the proper biomechanical function. Decellularization has been shown to be a highly promising technique to generate tissue-specific ECM-derived products for multiple applications, although it might comprise very complex processes that involve the simultaneous use of chemical, biochemical, physical and enzymatic protocols. Several different approaches have been reported in the literature for the treatment of bone, cartilage, adipose, dermal, neural and cardiovascular tissues, as well as skeletal muscle, tendons and gastrointestinal tract matrices. However, most of these reports refer to experimental data. This paper reviews the most common and latest decellularization approaches that have been adopted in cardiovascular tissue engineering. The efficacy of cells removal was specifically reviewed and discussed, together with the parameters that could be used as quality control markers for the evaluation of the effectiveness of decellularization and tissue biocompatibility. The purpose was to provide a panel of parameters that can be shared and taken into consideration by the scientific community to achieve more efficient, comparable, and reliable experimental research results and a faster technology transfer to the market.
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14
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Cohen S, Partouche S, Gurevich M, Tennak V, Mezhybovsky V, Azarov D, Soffer-Hirschberg S, Hovav B, Niv-Drori H, Weiss C, Borovich A, Cohen G, Wertheimer A, Shukrun G, Israeli M, Yahalom V, Leshem-Lev D, Perl L, Kornowski R, Wiznitzer A, Tobar A, Feinmesser M, Mor E, Atar E, Nesher E. Generation of vascular chimerism within donor organs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13437. [PMID: 34183759 PMCID: PMC8238957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole organ perfusion decellularization has been proposed as a promising method to generate non-immunogenic organs from allogeneic and xenogeneic donors. However, the ability to recellularize organ scaffolds with multiple patient-specific cells in a spatially controlled manner remains challenging. Here, we propose that replacing donor endothelial cells alone, while keeping the rest of the organ viable and functional, is more technically feasible, and may offer a significant shortcut in the efforts to engineer transplantable organs. Vascular decellularization was achieved ex vivo, under controlled machine perfusion conditions, in various rat and porcine organs, including the kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, aorta, hind limbs, and pancreas. In addition, vascular decellularization of selected organs was performed in situ, within the donor body, achieving better control over the perfusion process. Human placenta-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were used as immunologically-acceptable human cells to repopulate the luminal surface of de-endothelialized aorta (in vitro), kidneys, lungs and hind limbs (ex vivo). This study provides evidence that artificially generating vascular chimerism is feasible and could potentially pave the way for crossing the immunological barrier to xenotransplantation, as well as reducing the immunological burden of allogeneic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Cohen
- Laboratory for Organ Bioengineering, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Shirly Partouche
- Laboratory for Organ Bioengineering, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vladimir Tennak
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vadym Mezhybovsky
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dmitry Azarov
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Benny Hovav
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hagit Niv-Drori
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Chana Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Adi Borovich
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Avital Wertheimer
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Golan Shukrun
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Israeli
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Vered Yahalom
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Blood Services and Apheresis Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dorit Leshem-Lev
- Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Leor Perl
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ran Kornowski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Arnon Wiznitzer
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Tobar
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meora Feinmesser
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Atar
- Department of Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eviatar Nesher
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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15
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Fernández-Pérez J, Madden PW, Brady RT, Nowlan PF, Ahearne M. The effect of prior long-term recellularization with keratocytes of decellularized porcine corneas implanted in a rabbit anterior lamellar keratoplasty model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245406. [PMID: 34061862 PMCID: PMC8168847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized porcine corneal scaffolds are a potential alternative to human cornea for keratoplasty. Although clinical trials have reported promising results, there can be corneal haze or scar tissue. Here, we examined if recellularizing the scaffolds with human keratocytes would result in a better outcome. Scaffolds were prepared that retained little DNA (14.89 ± 5.56 ng/mg) and demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity by in vitro. The scaffolds were recellularized using human corneal stromal cells and cultured for between 14 in serum-supplemented media followed by a further 14 days in either serum free or serum-supplemented media. All groups showed full-depth cell penetration after 14 days. When serum was present, staining for ALDH3A1 remained weak but after serum-free culture, staining was brighter and the keratocytes adopted a native dendritic morphology with an increase (p < 0.05) of keratocan, decorin, lumican and CD34 gene expression. A rabbit anterior lamellar keratoplasty model was used to compare implanting a 250 μm thick decellularized lenticule against one that had been recellularized with human stromal cells after serum-free culture. In both groups, host rabbit epithelium covered the implants, but transparency was not restored after 3 months. Post-mortem histology showed under the epithelium, a less-compact collagen layer, which appeared to be a regenerating zone with some α-SMA staining, indicating fibrotic cells. In the posterior scaffold, ALDH1A1 staining was present in all the acellular scaffold, but in only one of the recellularized lenticules. Since there was little difference between acellular and cell-seeded scaffolds in our in vivo study, future scaffold development should use acellular controls to determine if cells are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter W. Madden
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Thomas Brady
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter F. Nowlan
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Decellularization Methods of Ovary in Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1345:129-139. [PMID: 34582019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ovaries or female gonads are situated in the ovarian fossa of the abdominal cavity. These are paired, almond-shaped organs measuring about 3.5 cm long and 1.5 cm thick and exist out of a central medullary zone and a peripheral cortex that are enclosed in a fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea. The ovaries serve 2 main functions, the first one being the production of female gametes called oocytes (oogenesis). Interestingly, the number of primary oocytes that reside in the ovary is determined at birth. About 400 oocyte-containing follicles successfully go through all the developmental stages from this limited pool during folliculogenesis throughout the female reproductive life. In this process, primordial follicles grow and advance until forming a mature or Graafian follicle; during ovulation, secondary oocytes are released and the remaining follicular wall collapses and forms the highly vascularized corpus luteum or luteal gland. This ovarian cycle is regulated by several hormones secreted from the adenohypophysis and lasts about 28 days. During this cycle, the ovaries also serve as endocrine glands and produce female sex hormones such as estrogens and progesterone (steroidogenesis), influencing the growth and development of tissues sensitive to these hormones such as the endometrium. Hence, the endometrial cycle goes synchronized with the ovarian cycle.
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17
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Bakhtiar H, Rajabi S, Pezeshki-Modaress M, Ellini MR, Panahinia M, Alijani S, Mazidi A, Kamali A, Azarpazhooh A, Kishen A. Optimizing Methods for Bovine Dental Pulp Decellularization. J Endod 2020; 47:62-68. [PMID: 33049226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to characterize the decellularization effects of different treatment protocols on the bovine dental pulp extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue regeneration. METHODS Seven different decellularization protocols consisting of trypsin/EDTA (for 1 hour, 24 hours, or 48 hours), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, for 24 hours or 48 hours), Triton X-100 (for 1 hour), and deoxyribonuclease treatments were tested on bovine dental pulp tissue. The posttreatment samples were evaluated for remaining DNA and cellular contents, structural durability, immunofluorescence analysis, and in vivo immune responses. RESULTS A complete decellularization process in all of the experimental groups was observed. The protocol that included 1 hour of Triton X-100 treatment and 12 hours of trypsin/EDTA treatment with no SDS treatment (P7 [12E-0S-1T]) showed the highest retention of glycosaminoglycan and the absence of nuclei in 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. All groups showed significantly lower DNA content compared with native pulp tissue (P < .05), whereas compared with other protocols, protocols 1 (1 hour of EDTA/trypsin, 24 hours of SDS, and 1 hour of Triton X-100) and 4 (1 hour of EDTA/Trypsin, 48 hours of SDS, and no Triton X-100) resulted in the highest DNA contents (P < .05). Based on these results, P7 was further evaluated by immunofluorescence and in vivo immunogenicity. P7 specimens preserved collagen type I, whereas mononuclear cell infiltration along with neovascularization was observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS All tested treatments displayed the potential ability to decellularize pulp tissue and are viable options for a xenogeneic dental pulp ECM scaffold. The P7 (12E-0S-1T) protocol resulted in decellularized ECM with minimal organic matrix/ultrastructural detriments and an acceptable host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Bakhtiar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Ellini
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Panahinia
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Alijani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mazidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology and Health Care Research, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Decellularized Fetal Matrix Suppresses Fibrotic Gene Expression and Promotes Myogenesis in a Rat Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:552-562. [PMID: 32459729 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic muscle loss often results in poor functional restoration. Skeletal muscle injuries cannot be repaired without substantial fibrosis and loss of muscle function. Given its regenerative properties, the authors evaluated outcomes of fetal tissue-derived decellularized matrix for skeletal muscle regeneration. The authors hypothesized that fetal matrix would lead to enhanced myogenesis and suppress inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Composite tissue composed of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and panniculus carnosus was harvested from the trunk of New Zealand White rabbit fetuses on gestational day 24 and from Sprague-Dawley rats on gestational day 18 and neonatal day 3, and decellularized using a sodium dodecyl sulfate-based negative-pressure protocol. Six, 10-mm-diameter, full-thickness rat latissimus dorsi wounds were created for each treatment, matrix was implanted (excluding the defect groups), and the wounds were allowed to heal for 60 days. Analyses were performed to characterize myogenesis, neovascularization, inflammation, and fibrosis at harvest. RESULTS Significant myocyte ingrowth was visualized in both allogeneic and xenogeneic fetal matrix groups compared to neonatal and defect groups based on myosin heavy chain immunofluorescence staining. Microvascular networks were appreciated within all implanted matrices. At day 60, expression of Ccn2, Col1a1, and Ptgs2 were decreased in fetal matrix groups compared to defect. Neonatal matrix-implanted wounds failed to show decreased expression of Col1a1 or Ptgs2, and demonstrated increased expression of Tnf, but also demonstrated a significant reduction in Ccn2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Initial studies of fetal matrices demonstrate promise for muscle regeneration in a rat latissimus dorsi model. Further research is necessary to evaluate fetal matrix for future translational use and better understand its effects.
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Allogeneic Decellularized Muscle Scaffold Is Less Fibrogenic and Inflammatory than Acellular Dermal Matrices in a Rat Model of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:43e-53e. [PMID: 32590650 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle trauma can produce grave functional deficits, but therapeutic options remain limited. The authors studied whether a decellularized skeletal muscle scaffold would provide benefits in inducing skeletal muscle regeneration over acellular dermal matrices. METHODS Eighty-two rat muscle defects were surgically created and assigned to no intervention or implantation of AlloDerm, Strattice, decellularized rat muscle, or decellularized rat dermis to 30 or 60 days. Decellularized rat muscle and dermis were prepared using a negative pressure-assisted protocol. Assessment for cellularity, neovascularization, myogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis were done histologically and by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Histology showed relative hypercellularity of AlloDerm (p < 0.003); Strattice appeared encapsulated. Immunofluorescence for CD31 and myosin heavy chain in decellularized rat muscle revealed dense microvasculature and peripheral islands of myogenesis. MyoD expression in muscle scaffolds was 23-fold higher than in controls (p < 0.01). Decellularized rat muscle showed no up-regulation of COX-2 (p < 0.05), with less expression than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.002). Decellularized rat muscle scaffolds expressed tumor necrosis factor-α less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.01); collagen-1a less than decellularized rat dermis and Strattice (p < 0.04); α-smooth muscle actin 7-fold less than AlloDerm (p = 0.04); and connective tissue growth factor less than Strattice, AlloDerm, and decellularized rat dermis (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION Decellularized muscle matrix appears to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in an animal muscle defect as compared with dermal matrices and promotes greater expression of myocyte differentiation-inducing genes.
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20
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Naik A, Griffin MF, Szarko M, Butler PE. Optimizing the decellularization process of human maxillofacial muscles for facial reconstruction using a detergent-only approach. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1571-1580. [PMID: 31170774 DOI: 10.1002/term.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Trauma, congenital diseases, and cancer resection cause muscle deformities of the human facial muscle. Muscle defects are either treated with local or distal flaps if direct closure is not possible. However, such surgical interventions are limited by donor morbidity and limited tissue availability. Decellularized scaffolds provide alternative strategies for replacing and restoring missing facial muscle by creating scaffolds that mimic the native tissue. This study aimed to develop a protocol to decellularize human zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) and masseter muscle (MM). Three protocols were assessed including a detergent-only treatment (DOT), detergent-enzymatic treatment (DET) protocol, and a third nondetergent nonenzymatic treatment protocol. Scaffolds were then characterized via histological, immunofluorescent, and quantitative techniques to assess which protocol provided optimal decellularization and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The results demonstrated three cycles of DOT protocol consisting of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 4 hr was optimal for decellularization for both ZMM and MM. After three cycles, DNA content was significantly reduced compared with native ZMM and MM (p < .05) with preservation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan content and ECM on histological analysis. DET and nondetergent nonenzymatic treatment protocols were unsuccessful in decellularizing the ZMM and MM with residual DNA content after four cycles and caused ECM disruption on histological analysis. All protocols did not impair the mechanical properties and supported human fibroblast growth. In conclusion, the DOT protocol is effective in producing human decellularized muscle scaffolds that maintain the ECM. Further investigation of detergent only decellurization techniques should be explored as a first step to create effective scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Naik
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle F Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Szarko
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Butler
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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