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Gardner OFW, Agabalyan N, Weil B, Ali MHI, Lowdell MW, Bulstrode NW, Ferretti P. Human platelet lysate enhances proliferation but not chondrogenic differentiation of pediatric mesenchymal progenitors. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:286-297. [PMID: 36599772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell therapies have the potential to improve reconstructive procedures for congenital craniofacial cartilage anomalies such as microtia. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and auricular cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) are promising candidates for cartilage reconstruction, but their successful use in the clinic will require the development of xeno-free expansion and differentiation protocols that can maximize their capacity for chondrogenesis. METHODS We assessed the behavior of human ADSCs and CSPCs grown either in qualified fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human platelet lysate (hPL), a xeno-free alternative, in conventional monolayer and 3-dimensional spheroid cultures. RESULTS We show that CSPCs and ADSCs display greater proliferation rate in hPL than FBS and express typical mesenchymal stromal cell surface antigens in both media. When expanded in hPL, both cell types, particularly CSPCs, maintain a spindle-like morphology and lower surface area over more passages than in FBS. Both media supplements support chondrogenic differentiation of CSPCs and ADSCs grown either as monolayers or spheroids. However, chondrogenesis appears less ordered in hPL than FBS, with reduced co-localization of aggrecan and collagen type II in spheroids. CONCLUSIONS hPL may be beneficial for the expansion of cells with chondrogenic potential and maintaining stemness, but not for their chondrogenic differentiation for tissue engineering or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F W Gardner
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Natacha Agabalyan
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ben Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed H I Ali
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil W Bulstrode
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Sánchez-Porras D, Durand-Herrera D, Paes AB, Chato-Astrain J, Verplancke R, Vanfleteren J, Sánchez-López JD, García-García ÓD, Campos F, Carriel V. Ex Vivo Generation and Characterization of Human Hyaline and Elastic Cartilaginous Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030292. [PMID: 33809387 PMCID: PMC8001313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of cartilage-associated pathologies, low self-repair capacity and limitations of current repair techniques, tissue engineering (TE) strategies have emerged as a promising alternative in this field. Three-dimensional culture techniques have gained attention in recent years, showing their ability to provide the most biomimetic environment for the cells under culture conditions, enabling the cells to fabricate natural, 3D functional microtissues (MTs). In this sense, the aim of this study was to generate, characterize and compare scaffold-free human hyaline and elastic cartilage-derived MTs (HC-MTs and EC-MTs, respectively) under expansion (EM) and chondrogenic media (CM). MTs were generated by using agarose microchips and evaluated ex vivo for 28 days. The MTs generated were subjected to morphometric assessment and cell viability, metabolic activity and histological analyses. Results suggest that the use of CM improves the biomimicry of the MTs obtained in terms of morphology, viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis with respect to the use of EM. Moreover, the overall results indicate a faster and more sensitive response of the EC-derived cells to the use of CM as compared to HC chondrocytes. Finally, future preclinical in vivo studies are still needed to determine the potential clinical usefulness of these novel advanced therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Porras
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Ana B. Paes
- Master Program in Tissue Engineering and Advanced Therapies, International School for Postgraduate Studies, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Rik Verplancke
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - José Darío Sánchez-López
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain;
| | - Óscar Darío García-García
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Fernando Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
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De Angelis E, Grolli S, Saleri R, Conti V, Andrani M, Berardi M, Cavalli V, Passeri B, Ravanetti F, Borghetti P. Platelet lysate reduces the chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro expansion: Implications for cartilage tissue engineering. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:98-105. [PMID: 32961475 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have demonstrated that platelet lysate (PL) can serve as an alternative to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to sustain chondrocyte proliferation and production of extracellular matrix components in chondrocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate the direct effects of PL on equine articular chondrocytes in vitro in order to provide a rationale for in vivo use of PL. An in vitro cell proliferation and de-differentiation model was used: primary articular chondrocytes isolated from horse articular cartilage were cultured at low density under adherent conditions to promote cell proliferation. Chondrocytes were cultured in serum-free medium, 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented medium, or in the presence of alginate beads containing 5%, 10% and 20% PL. Cell proliferation and gene expression of relevant chondrocyte differentiation markers were investigated. The proliferative capacity of cultured chondrocytes, was sustained more effectively at certain concentrations of PL as compared to that with FBS. In addition, as opposed to FBS, PL, particularly at percentages of 5% and 10%, could maintain the gene expression pattern of relevant chondrocyte differentiation markers. In particular, 5% PL supplementation showed the best compromise between chondrocyte proliferation capacity and maintenance of differentiation. The results of the present study provide a rationale for using PL as an alternative to FBS for in vitro expansion of chondrocytes for matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation, construction of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering, and treatment of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Virna Conti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Berardi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
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Brown C, McKee C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Hakman E, Halassy S, Svinarich D, Dodds R, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell therapy and regeneration potential. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1738-1755. [PMID: 31216380 DOI: 10.1002/term.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells, routinely called mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), from various human tissues and organs have provided impetus to the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The most widely studied sources of MSCs include bone marrow, adipose, muscle, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid. According to the standard definition of MSCs, these clonal cells adhere to plastic, express cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers, and can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages in vitro. However, isolated MSCs have been reported to vary in their potency and self-renewal potential. As a result, the MSCs used for clinical applications often lead to variable or even conflicting results. The lack of uniform characterization methods both in vitro and in vivo also contributes to this confusion. Therefore, the name "MSCs" itself has been increasingly questioned lately. As the use of MSCs is expanding rapidly, there is an increasing need to understand the potential sources and specific potencies of MSCs. This review discusses and compares the characteristics of MSCs and suggests that the variations in their distinctive features are dependent on the source and method of isolation as well as epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth. We also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of MSC research with the hope to stimulate their use for therapeutic and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Eryk Hakman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - David Svinarich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA.,Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Robert Dodds
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Chhabi K Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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5
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Zhou S, Chen S, Jiang Q, Pei M. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1653-1680. [PMID: 30689010 PMCID: PMC6456412 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Improved Protocol for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Effect of PTHrP and FGF-2 on TGFβ1/BMP2-Induced Chondrocytes Hypertrophy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:755-766. [PMID: 29691795 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors have a pivotal role in chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. The differential effects of known growth factors involved in the maintenance and homeostasis of cartilage tissue have been previously studied in vitro. However, there are few reported researches about the interactional effects of growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. The aim of this study is to examine the combined effects of four key growth factors on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Isolated and expanded rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs underwent chondrogenic differentiation in a micromass cell culture system that used a combination of the following growth factors: transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) according to a defined program. The chondrogenic differentiation program was analyzed by histochemistry methods, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and measurement of matrix deposition of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen content at days 16, 23, and 30. The results showed that the short-term combination of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 increased sGAG and collagen content, Alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity, and type X collagen (COL X) expression. Application of either PTHrP or FGF2 simultaneously decreased TGF-β1/BMP-2 induced hypertrophy and chondrogenic markers (at least for FGF2). However, successive application of PTHrP and FGF2 dramatically maintained the synergistic effects of TGF-β1/BMP-2 on the chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSCs and decreased unwanted hypertrophic markers. This new method can be used effectively in chondrogenic differentiation programs.
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Wang S, Hu F, Li J, Zhang S, Shen M, Huang M, Shi X. Design of electrospun nanofibrous mats for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2505-2520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Leigheb M, Bosetti M, De Consoli A, Borrone A, Cannas M, Grassi F. Chondral tissue engineering of the reumatoid knee with collagen matrix autologous chondrocytes implant. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2017; 88:107-113. [PMID: 29083361 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i4 -s.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is still a challenge. To date evidence is insufficient to support a treatment over the others. Inflammatory conditions in the joint hamper the application of tissue engineering during chronic joint diseases. Most of the Matrix Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) cases reported in literature do not deal with rheumatoid knees and do not have a long clinical-histologic follow-up. We report about a 46-year old woman who suffered of a painful focal Outerbridge 4th degree chondral lesion in the medial femoral condyle of her left rheumatoid knee. The tissue defect was filled by a Cartilage Regeneration System (CaReS®) based on a type I collagen matrix seeded by autologous in vitro expanded chondrocytes. The patient was followed up to ten years clinically and by MRI, and finally treated with a Total Knee Replacement for the increasing arthritis. Histologically, the explanted MACI tissue showed an increased cellularity with an extracellular matrix rich of collagen and glycosaminoglicanes even though the overall architecture was different from the normal cartilage pattern. The case reported suggests that the main goal of treatment for chondropathy is the long lasting control of symptoms, while permanent restoration of normal anatomy is still impossible. Mesenchymal stem cells, that develop into joint tissues, show immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory qualities, in vitro and in vivo, indicating a potential role for tissue engineering approaches in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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9
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Sridharan B, Laflin AD, Holtz MA, Pacicca DM, Wischmeier NK, Detamore MS. In vivo evaluation of stem cell aggregates on osteochondral regeneration. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1606-1616. [PMID: 27770610 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To date, many osteochondral regenerative approaches have utilized varied combinations of biocompatible materials and cells to engineer cartilage. Even in cell-based approaches, to date, no study has utilized stem cell aggregates alone for regenerating articular cartilage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a novel stem cell-based aggregate approach in a fibrin carrier to regenerate osteochondral defects in the Sprague-Dawley rat trochlear groove model. Two different densities of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) aggregates were fabricated by the hanging drop technique. At 8 weeks, the cell aggregates supported the defects and served as a catalyst for neo-cartilage synthesis, and the experimental groups may have been beneficial for bone and cartilage regeneration compared to the fibrin-only control and sham groups, as evidenced by histological assessment. The cell density of rBMSC aggregates may thus directly impact chondrogenesis. The usage of cell aggregates with fibrin as a cell-based technology is a promising and translational new treatment strategy for repair of cartilage defects. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1606-1616, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy D Laflin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
| | - Michael A Holtz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
| | - Donna M Pacicca
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108
| | - Nicholas K Wischmeier
- Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells seeded on cartilaginous endplates promote Intervertebral Disc Regeneration through Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33836. [PMID: 27652931 PMCID: PMC5031983 DOI: 10.1038/srep33836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by significant biochemical and histomorphological alterations, such as loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, by abnormal synthesis of ECM main components, resultant from altered anabolic/catabolic cell activities and cell death. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) migration towards degenerated IVD may represent a viable strategy to promote tissue repair/regeneration. Here, human MSCs (hMSCs) were seeded on top of cartilaginous endplates (CEP) of nucleotomized IVDs of bovine origin and cultured ex vivo up to 3 weeks. hMSCs migrated from CEP towards the lesion area and significantly increased expression of collagen type II and aggrecan in IVD, namely in the nucleus pulposus. Concomitantly, hMSCs stimulated the production of growth factors, promoters of ECM synthesis, such as fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) and 7 (FGF-7), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1sR). Overall, our results demonstrate that CEP can be an alternative route to MSC-based therapies for IVD regeneration through ECM remodeling, thus opening new perspectives on endogenous repair capacity through MSC recruitment.
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Bosetti M, Borrone A, Follenzi A, Messaggio F, Tremolada C, Cannas M. Human Lipoaspirate as Autologous Injectable Active Scaffold for One-Step Repair of Cartilage Defects. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1043-56. [PMID: 26395761 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue shows promising results for cell-based therapy in cartilage lesions. In these studies, cells have been isolated, expanded, and differentiated in vitro before transplantation into the damaged cartilage or onto materials used as scaffolds to deliver cells to the impaired area. The present study employed in vitro assays to investigate the potential of intra-articular injection of micro-fragmented lipoaspirate as a one-step repair strategy; it aimed to determine whether adipose tissue can act as a scaffold for cells naturally present at their anatomical site. Cultured clusters of lipoaspirate showed a spontaneous outgrowth of cells with a mesenchymal phenotype and with multilineage differentiation potential. Transduction of lipoaspirate clusters by lentiviral vectors expressing GFP evidenced the propensity of the outgrown cells to repopulate fragments of damaged cartilage. On the basis of the results, which showed an induction of proliferation and ECM production of human primary chondrocytes, it was hypothesized that lipoaspirate may play a paracrine role. Moreover, the structure of a floating culture of lipoaspirate, treated for 3 weeks with chondrogenic growth factors, changed: tissue with a high fat component was replaced by a tissue with a lower fat component and connective tissue rich in GAG and in collagen type I, increasing the mechanical strength of the tissue. From these promising in vitro results, it may be speculated that an injectable autologous biologically active scaffold (lipoaspirate), employed intra-articularly, may 1) become a fibrous tissue that provides mechanical support for the load on the damaged cartilage; 2) induce host chondrocytes to proliferate and produce ECM; and 3) provide cells at the site of injury, which could regenerate or repair the damaged or missing cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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12
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Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Sohier J, Moroni L, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Adapted chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via controlled release of TGF-β1 from poly(ethylene oxide)-terephtalate/poly(butylene terepthalate) multiblock scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:371-83. [PMID: 24665073 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release of TGF-β1 from scaffolds is an attractive mechanism to modulate the chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) that repopulate articular cartilage defects. Here, we evaluated the ability of porous scaffolds composed of poly(ethylene oxide)-terephtalate and poly(butylene terepthalate) (PEOT/PBT) to release bioactive TGF-β1 for chondrogenesis of hBMSCs in a pellet culture model. Chondroinduction was compared with that promoted by direct addition of the recombinant factor to the culture medium. The data show a controlled release of TGF-β1 from scaffolds for at least 21 days in vitro, with ∼10% of TGF-β1 released during this period. The delivered TGF-β1 was bioactive, as confirmed by successful chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs monitored by morphological, histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. Third, semiquantitative histological evaluations revealed a similar pattern of chondrogenesis compared with the positive controls. Importantly, TGF-β1-loaded scaffolds allowed for a ∼700-fold upregulation of type-II collagen mRNA compared to when pellets were maintained in the presence of the soluble TGF-β1, reflected also in the highest score of immunoreactivity to type-II collagen, not significantly different from the positive controls. Likewise, aggrecan mRNA was ∼200-fold upregulated. Interestingly, most (>94%) of the glycosaminoglycan produced remaining associated with the pellets. Analysis of hypertrophic events showed no significant difference in the average total hypertrophy score compared with the positive controls. These results demonstrate the suitability of controlled TGF-β1 release from biocompatible scaffolds to promote hBMSC chondrogenesis at a physical distance and in the absence of soluble TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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Elongated cell morphology and uniaxial mechanical stretch contribute to physical attributes of niche environment for MSC tenogenic differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:755-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Antoniou J, Wang HT, Alaseem AM, Haglund L, Roughley PJ, Mwale F. The effect of Link N on differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R267. [PMID: 23227926 PMCID: PMC3674585 DOI: 10.1186/ar4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously showed that Link N can stimulate extracellular matrix biosynthesis by intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and is therefore a potential stimulator of IVD repair. The purpose of the present study was to determine how Link N may influence human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, as a prelude to using Link N and MSC supplementation in unison for optimal repair of the degenerated disc. Methods MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of three osteoarthritis patients were cultured in chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation medium without or with Link N for 21 days. Chondrogenic differentiation was monitored by proteoglycan staining and quantitation by using Alcian blue, and osteogenic differentiation was monitored by mineral staining and quantitation by using Alzarin red S. In addition, proteoglycan secretion was monitored with the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of the culture medium, and changes in gene expression were analyzed with real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR. Results Link N alone did not promote MSC chondrogenesis. However, after MSCs were supplemented with Link N in chondrogenic differentiation medium, the quantity of GAG secreted into the culture medium, as well as aggrecan, COL2A1, and SOX9 gene expression, increased significantly. The gene expression of COL10A1 and osteocalcin (OC) were downregulated significantly. When MSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium, Link N supplementation led to a significant decrease in mineral deposition, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OC, and RUNX2 gene expression. Conclusions Link N can enhance chondrogenic differentiation and downregulate hypertrophic and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. Therefore, in principle, Link N could be used to optimize MSC-mediated repair of the degenerated disc.
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Abdelmagid SM, Barr AE, Rico M, Amin M, Litvin J, Popoff SN, Safadi FF, Barbe MF. Performance of repetitive tasks induces decreased grip strength and increased fibrogenic proteins in skeletal muscle: role of force and inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38359. [PMID: 22675458 PMCID: PMC3364991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study elucidates exposure-response relationships between performance of repetitive tasks, grip strength declines, and fibrogenic-related protein changes in muscles, and their link to inflammation. Specifically, we examined forearm flexor digitorum muscles for changes in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; a matrix protein associated with fibrosis), collagen type I (Col1; a matrix component), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1; an upstream modulator of CTGF and collagen), in rats performing one of two repetitive tasks, with or without anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODOLOGY/RESULTS To examine the roles of force versus repetition, rats performed either a high repetition negligible force food retrieval task (HRNF), or a high repetition high force handle-pulling task (HRHF), for up to 9 weeks, with results compared to trained only (TR-NF or TR-HF) and normal control rats. Grip strength declined with both tasks, with the greatest declines in 9-week HRHF rats. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of HRNF muscles showed increased expression of Col1 in weeks 3-9, and CTGF in weeks 6 and 9. Immunohistochemistry confirmed PCR results, and also showed greater increases of CTGF and collagen matrix in 9-week HRHF rats than 9-week HRNF rats. ELISA, and immunohistochemistry revealed greater increases of TGFB1 in TR-HF and 6-week HRHF, compared to 6-week HRNF rats. To examine the role of inflammation, results from 6-week HRHF rats were compared to rats receiving ibuprofen or anti-TNF-α treatment in HRHF weeks 4-6. Both treatments attenuated HRHF-induced increases in CTGF and fibrosis by 6 weeks of task performance. Ibuprofen attenuated TGFB1 increases and grip strength declines, matching our prior results with anti-TNFα. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Performance of highly repetitive tasks was associated with force-dependent declines in grip strength and increased fibrogenic-related proteins in flexor digitorum muscles. These changes were attenuated, at least short-term, by anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M. Abdelmagid
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Barr
- College of Health Professions, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mario Rico
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mamta Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Judith Litvin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Popoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fayez F. Safadi
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Wang S, Castro R, An X, Song C, Luo Y, Shen M, Tomás H, Zhu M, Shi X. Electrospun laponite-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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