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Nishimura H, Gao X, Niga S, Fukase N, Murata Y, Quinn PM, Saito M, Utsunomiya H, Uchida S, Huard J, Philippon MJ. Cleft Sign in MRI May Represent the Disruption of Cartilage Structure within Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Plate: A Cadaver Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2098. [PMID: 39335777 PMCID: PMC11431435 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14182098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Long-standing groin pain is a severe issue for athletes, often associated with the cleft sign on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, yet its underlying causes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to histologically examine the pubic plate structure in cadavers with and without the cleft sign on MRI, shedding light on the pathology behind the cleft sign. METHODS Three fresh human pelvic cadavers underwent 3.0T MRI to detect the cleft sign before histological dissection of pubic plates. Pubic plate tissues were fixed in formalin, decalcified, and processed. Of the two cleft sign-negative specimens, one was cut into sagittal sections, and the other was cut into coronal sections for histology. For the cleft sign positive specimen, a sagittal section was cut. Moreover, 5 µm thick sections were cut at different axial levels for each orientation. Sections were subjected to Safranin O, Alcian blue, and Herovici's staining or hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS MRI confirmed that one specimen had a cleft sign in the inferior region on both sides of the pubis and that two specimens had no cleft sign. Both sagittal and coronal sections showed the presence of a cartilage structure continuing from the pubic symphysis to 3 mm laterally within the pubic plate. In the specimen with a positive cleft sign, cartilage damage within the pubic symphysis and pubic plate was identified as revealed by Safranin O staining, Herovici's staining, and H&E staining. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the existence of a cartilage component extending from the pubic symphysis to the pubic plate. The cleft sign in MRI correlated with a disruption in the cartilage component in histology within this specific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishimura
- The Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (H.N.); (X.G.); (P.M.Q.); (J.H.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-17-1 Hamamachi, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu-city 808-1264, Fukuoka, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Xueqin Gao
- The Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (H.N.); (X.G.); (P.M.Q.); (J.H.)
| | - Sadao Niga
- JIN Orthopaedic & Sports Clinic, 3-10-7 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama-city 338-0013, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naomasa Fukase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-17-1 Hamamachi, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu-city 808-1264, Fukuoka, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Patrick M. Quinn
- The Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (H.N.); (X.G.); (P.M.Q.); (J.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokusuikai Kinen Hospital, 3-2-1 Higashibaru, Mito-city 310-0035, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Hajime Utsunomiya
- Tokyo Sports & Orthopaedic Clinic, 4-29-9 Kamiikebukuro, Toyoshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0012, Japan;
| | - Soshi Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-17-1 Hamamachi, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu-city 808-1264, Fukuoka, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Johnny Huard
- The Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (H.N.); (X.G.); (P.M.Q.); (J.H.)
| | - Marc J. Philippon
- The Linda & Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (H.N.); (X.G.); (P.M.Q.); (J.H.)
- The Steadman Clinic, 181 West Meadow Dr., Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, USA
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Reiche E, Keller PR, Soares V, Schuster CR, Rahmayanti S, Mroueh J, Mroueh V, Billaud M, Hu S, Hoover-Watson H, Lian CG, Tan Y, Doloff JC, Newell-Fugate AE, Coon D. Androgenic steroids induce pathologic scarring in a preclinical porcine model via dysfunctional extracellular matrix deposition. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23561. [PMID: 38530321 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302144rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a major source of morbidity. Sex hormones are not classically considered modulators of scarring. However, based on increased frequency of hypertrophic scarring in patients on testosterone, we hypothesized that androgenic steroids induce abnormal scarring and developed a preclinical porcine model to explore these effects. Mini-swine underwent castration, received no testosterone (noT) or biweekly testosterone therapy (+T), and underwent excisional wounding. To create a delayed wound healing model, a subset of wounds were re-excised at 2 weeks. Scars from postoperative day 42 (POD42) and delayed wounds (POD28) were harvested 6 weeks after initial wounding for analysis via histology, bulk RNA-seq, and mechanical testing. Histologic analysis of scars from +T animals showed increased mean fibrosis area (16 mm2noT, 28 mm2+T; p = .007) and thickness (0.246 mm2noT, 0.406 mm2+T; p < .001) compared to noT. XX+T and XY+T scars had greater tensile burst strength (p = .024 and p = .013, respectively) compared to noT swine. Color deconvolution analysis revealed greater deposition of type I and type III collagen as well as increased collagen type I:III ratio in +T scars. Dermatopathologist histology scoring showed that +T exposure was associated with worse overall scarring (p < .05). Gene ontology analysis found that testosterone exposure was associated with upregulation of cellular metabolism and immune response gene sets, while testosterone upregulated pathways related to keratinization and laminin formation on pathway analysis. In conclusion, we developed a preclinical porcine model to study the effects of the sex hormone testosterone on scarring. Testosterone induces increased scar tissue deposition and appears to increase physical strength of scars via supraphysiologic deposition of collagen and other ECM factors. The increased burst strength seen in both XX and XY animals suggests that hormone administration has a strong influence on scar mechanical properties independent of chromosomal sex. Anti-androgen topical therapies may be a promising future area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Reiche
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick R Keller
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vance Soares
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Calvin R Schuster
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siti Rahmayanti
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Mroueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Mroueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sophia Hu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hunter Hoover-Watson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Tan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Devin Coon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Macdonald JK, Mehta AS, Drake RR, Angel PM. Molecular analysis of the extracellular microenvironment: from form to function. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:602-620. [PMID: 38509768 PMCID: PMC11049795 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome represents an important component of the tissue microenvironment that controls chemical flux and induces cell signaling through encoded structure. The analysis of the ECM represents an analytical challenge through high levels of post-translational modifications, protease-resistant structures, and crosslinked, insoluble proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the analytical challenges involved in addressing the complexities of spatially profiling the extracellular matrix proteome. A synopsis of the process of synthesizing the ECM structure, detailing inherent chemical complexity, is included to present the scope of the analytical challenge. Current chromatographic and spatial techniques addressing these challenges are detailed. Capabilities for multimodal multiplexing with cellular populations are discussed with a perspective on developing a holistic view of disease processes that includes both the cellular and extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade K Macdonald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Portocarrero Huang G, Idkowiak-Baldys J, Liebel F, Jones C, Haxaire C, DiNatale L, Bayat A, Glynn JR. L-4-thiazolylalanine (Protinol), a novel non-proteinogenic amino acid, demonstrates epidermal and dermal efficacy with clinically observable benefits. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:24-38. [PMID: 37562497 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Facial skin undergoes major structural and functional changes as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The goal of the current work is to demonstrate L-4-thiazolylalaine (L4, Protinol), a non-proteinogenic amino acid shown to stimulate the production of dermal proteins by fibroblasts, is an alternative efficacious topical ingredient for visible signs of ageing. METHODS In vitro studies using 3D human skin tissue models were performed to show changes in protein and gene expression of key dermal markers in samples treated with 0.3% L4 compared to vehicle control. In vivo evaluation of skin turnover was measured in volunteers after treatment with L4 compared to retinol. Skin biopsies (n = 30) were taken to investigate epidermal and dermal changes in cases treated with L4 and compared to retinol. Finally, a clinical evaluation (n = 28) was conducted to assess the efficacy of L4 over a base formulation using various ageing parameters within a population of women 46-66 years old with mild-to-moderate wrinkles. RESULTS In vitro studies on 3D tissues displayed significant changes in the dermal matrix via an increase in HA and pro-collagen I production and a decrease in the expression of inflammatory genes. In vivo biopsy studies demonstrated that L4 and retinol independently increased epidermal thickness and collagen remodelling significantly more compared with the base formula. Clinical evaluation showed firmer and smoother skin at day 28 post-treatment with L4 over the vehicle control without causing side effects such as redness or irritation. CONCLUSION L4 is a novel, multi-functional ingredient which offers a superior alternative to currently available technologies for improving epidermal and dermal parameters that change during ageing and photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Portocarrero Huang
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Jolanta Idkowiak-Baldys
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Frank Liebel
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Constantina Jones
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Coline Haxaire
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Lisa DiNatale
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- MRC Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John R Glynn
- Avon Skin Care Institute, Global Research and Development, Avon Products Inc., Suffern, New York, USA
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5
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Lacheta L, Gao X, Miles JW, Murata Y, Fukase N, Utsunomiya H, Dornan G, Tashman S, Kashyap R, Altintas B, Ravuri S, Philippon M, Huard J, Millett PJ. Losartan in Combination With Bone Marrow Stimulation Showed Synergistic Effects on Load to Failure and Tendon Matrix Organization in a Rabbit Model. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:2408-2419. [PMID: 37270113 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of combining bone marrow stimulation (BMS) with oral losartan to block transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on biomechanical repair strength in a rabbit chronic injury model. METHODS Forty rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 groups (10 in each group). The supraspinatus tendon was detached and left alone for 6 weeks to establish a rabbit chronic injury model and was then repaired in a surgical procedure using a transosseous, linked, crossing repair construct. The animals were divided into the following groups: control group (group C), surgical repair only; BMS group (group B), surgical repair with BMS of the tuberosity; losartan group (group L), surgical repair plus oral losartan (TGF-β1 blocker) for 8 weeks; and BMS-plus-losartan group (group BL), surgical repair plus BMS plus oral losartan for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after repair, biomechanical and histologic evaluations were performed. RESULTS The biomechanical testing results showed significantly higher ultimate load to failure in group BL than in group B (P = .029) but not compared with group C or group L. A 2 × 2 analysis-of-variance model found that the effect of losartan on ultimate load significantly depended on whether BMS was performed (interaction term F1,28 = 5.78, P = .018). No difference was found between the other groups. No difference in stiffness was found between any groups. On histologic assessment, groups B, L, and BL showed improved tendon morphology and an organized type I collagen matrix with less type III collagen compared with group C. Group BL showed the most highly organized tendon matrix with more type I collagen and less type III collagen, which indicates less fibrosis. Similar results were found at the bone-tendon interface. CONCLUSIONS Rotator cuff repair combined with oral losartan and BMS of the greater tuberosity showed improved pullout strength and a highly organized tendon matrix in this rabbit chronic injury model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tendon healing or scarring is accompanied by the formation of fibrosis, which has been shown to result in compromised biomechanical properties, and is therefore a potential limiting factor in healing after rotator cuff repair. TGF-β1 expression has been shown to play an important role in the formation of fibrosis. Recent studies focusing on muscle healing and cartilage repair have found that the downregulation of TGF-β1 by losartan intake can reduce fibrosis and improve tissue regeneration in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Lacheta
- Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Yoichi Murata
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Naomasa Fukase
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - Grant Dornan
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Scott Tashman
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Ritesh Kashyap
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Burak Altintas
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Jacobi, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, U.S.A
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Marc Philippon
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A..
| | - Peter J Millett
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
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6
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Capella-Monsonís H, Cramer M, Turner N, Reing J, Zhang L, Kronengold RT, Bartolacci J, Badylak SF. The composition and mechanical properties of porcine placental ECM from three different breeds. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065012. [PMID: 37725946 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acfb05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds are extensively used in various clinical applications such as musculotendinous reconstruction, hernia repair or wound healing. Biologic scaffolds used in these applications vary in species, breed and tissue of origin, and other variables that affect their properties. Decellularization and sterilization processes also determine the characteristics of these scaffolds. The goal of the present study is to compare the composition and mechanical properties of decellularized porcine placental scaffolds from three different porcine breeds: Landrace, York and Duroc. Placental extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from the three porcine breeds preserved the amnion/chorion ECM structure and the basement membrane markers laminin and collagen type IV. ECM placental scaffolds showed similar contents of collagen, elastin and lipids, and minimal differences in glycosaminoglycans content. Mechanical properties from the three breeds ECM placental scaffolds were also similar and stable for 24 months. While this study serves as preliminary characterization of porcine ECM scaffolds, future studies will determine their compatibility and suitability for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Madeline Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Neill Turner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Janet Reing
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Li Zhang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph Bartolacci
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Oh S, Rhee DY, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Collagen and Elastin Fiber Synthesis by Modulating Caveolin-1 in Aging Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2275. [PMID: 37759497 PMCID: PMC10527789 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) induces cellular senescence by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and activating p53 via inhibition of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment increases collagen synthesis, rejuvenating skin. Using H2O2-induced senescent fibroblasts and the skin of 12-month-old mice, we tested the hypothesis that HIFU increases collagen production through Cav-1 modulation. HIFU was administered at 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 J in the LINEAR and DOT modes. In both models, HIFU administration decreased Cav-1 levels, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased the binding of Cav-1 with both MDM2 and Sirt1. HIFU administration decreased p53 activation (acetylated p53) and p21 levels and increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels in both models. HIFU treatment increased collagen and elastin expression, collagen fiber accumulation, and elastin fiber density in aging skin, with 0.5 J in LINEAR mode resulting in the most prominent effects. HIFU treatment increased collagen synthesis to levels similar to those in Cav-1-silenced senescent fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HIFU administration increases dermal collagen and elastin fibers in aging skin via Cav-1 modulation and reduced p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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8
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Pangprasit N, Thammawong Y, Kulsirorat A, Chuammitri P, Kongkaew A, Intanon M, Suriyasathaporn W, Pikulkaew S, Chaisri W. Titanium Dioxide Nano-Formulation: Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Wound Healing in Animals. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2688. [PMID: 37684952 PMCID: PMC10486583 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metal oxide nanoparticles as an alternative antimicrobial agent has gained attention due to the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding its properties and potential benefits can contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable treatments in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to characterize TiO2-NP formulations and evaluate their antibacterial and wound healing abilities. The diameters and zeta potentials were determined using the Zetasizer in conjunction with dynamic light scattering. The agar-well diffusion method, time-kill kinetic assay and crystal violet assay were used to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. Wound healing assays were conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The study demonstrated that TiO2-NP formulations exhibit significant antimicrobial properties against various bacterial strains such as S. aureus and E. coli. No measurable E. coli growth was observed within a 15-min period following exposure to TiO2-NP formulations. The TiO2-NP formation can improve wound healing by enhancing cell migration and collagen formation in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In summary, our study suggests that TiO2-NP has the potential for use as an antimicrobial agent for animal wound treatment due to its ability to suppress bacterial growth and biofilm formation, as well as to enhance wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppason Pangprasit
- PhD’s Degree Program, Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Yada Thammawong
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Alongkorn Kulsirorat
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.C.); (M.I.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Montira Intanon
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.C.); (M.I.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (Y.T.); (A.K.); (W.S.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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9
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Su CY, Liu TY, Wang HV, Yang WC. Histopathological Study on Collagen in Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Fraser's Dolphins ( Lagenodelphis hosei). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101681. [PMID: 37238111 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fraser's dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei) possess great healing abilities. Their skin composition can be restored after wounding, including collagen spacing, orientation, and bundle thickness. However, it remains unclear how collagens are involved in the wound-healing process and eventually regain normality in Fraser's dolphins. Learned from the other two scarless healing animals, changes in type III/I collagen composition are believed to modulate the wound healing process and influence the scarring or scarless fate determination in human fetal skin and spiny mouse skin. In the current study, Herovici's, trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining were used on normal and wounded skin samples in Fraser's dolphins. The results suggested that type I collagens were the main type of collagens in the normal skin of Fraser's dolphins, while type III collagens were barely seen. During the wound healing process, type III collagens showed at early wound healing stages, and type I collagen increased in the mature healed wound. In an early healed wound, collagens were organized in a parallel manner, showing a transient hypertrophic-like scar, and eventually restored to normal collagen configuration and adipocyte distribution in the mature healed wound. The remarkable ability to remove excessive collagens merits further investigation to provide new insights into clinical wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Marine Biology and Cetacean Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ven Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Marine Biology and Cetacean Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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10
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Gao X, Sun X, Cheng H, Ruzbarsky JJ, Mullen M, Huard M, Huard J. MRL/MpJ Mice Resist to Age-Related and Long-Term Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss: Implications for Bone Regeneration and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032396. [PMID: 36768718 PMCID: PMC9916619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and age-related bone loss increase bone fracture risk and impair bone healing. The need for identifying new factors to prevent or treat bone loss is critical. Previously, we reported that young MRL/MpJ mice have superior bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, MRL/MpJ mice were tested for resistance to age-related and long-term ovariectomy-induced bone loss to uncover potential beneficial factors for bone regeneration and repair. Bone tissues collected from 14-month-old MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6J (WT) mice were analyzed using micro-CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry, and serum protein markers were characterized using ELISAs or multiplex assays. Furthermore, 4-month-old MRL/MpJ and WT mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OV) or sham surgery and bone loss was monitored continuously using micro-CT at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months (M) after surgery with histology and immunohistochemistry performed at 6 M post-surgery. Sera were collected for biomarker detection using ELISA and multiplex assays at 6 M after surgery. Our results indicated that MRL/MpJ mice maintained better bone microarchitecture and higher bone mass than WT mice during aging and long-term ovariectomy. This resistance of bone loss observed in MRL/MpJ mice correlated with the maintenance of higher OSX+ osteoprogenitor cell pools, higher activation of the pSMAD5 signaling pathway, more PCNA+ cells, and a lower number of osteoclasts. Systemically, lower serum RANKL and DKK1 with higher serum IGF1 and OPG in MRL/MpJ mice relative to WT mice may also contribute to the maintenance of higher bone microarchitecture during aging and less severe bone loss after long-term ovariectomy. These findings may be used to develop therapeutic approaches to maintain bone mass and improve bone regeneration and repair due to injury, disease, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Joseph J. Ruzbarsky
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
- The Steadman Clinic, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Michael Mullen
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Matthieu Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (J.H.)
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11
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Weerakoon AT, Condon N, Cox TR, Sexton C, Cooper C, Meyers IA, Thomson D, Ford PJ, Roy S, Symons AL. Dynamic dentin: A quantitative microscopic assessment of age and spatial changes to matrix architecture, peritubular dentin, and collagens types I and III. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107899. [PMID: 36208858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
To investigate age and site-related changes to human dentin collagen, sound human teeth collected from donors aged 13-29 (young) and 50-74 (aged) years (n = 9/group) were cut to shallow and deep sites. Dentin collagen orientation and fibril bundling was investigated using the Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain observed under cross-polarized light microscopy (Pol), and collagen distribution was investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Collagen types III to I distribution in peritubular dentin (PTD) was revealed using Herovici stain and brightfield microscopy. Image analysis software and linear mixed modelling quantified outcomes. In situ dentin collagen was observed using Xenon Plasma Focussed Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM). The PSR-Pol analysis revealed less coherently aligned and more bundled collagen fibrils in aged dentin (P = 0.005). Deep inner dentin collagen in both groups were less coherently aligned with reduced bundling. Regardless of age, CLSM showed collagen distribution remained stable; and more collagen type III was detectable in PTD located in inner dentin (Young: P = 0.006; Aged: P = 0.008). Observations following Xe PFIB-SEM cross-sectioning showed apatite-like deposits surrounding large intratubular collagen fibers, and evidence of smaller intertubular dentin collagen fibrils in situ. In conclusion, aging changes collagen network architecture, but not distribution or content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arosha T Weerakoon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Sexton
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Crystal Cooper
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Meyers
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Thomson
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pauline J Ford
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandrine Roy
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Olympus Life Science, Australia
| | - Anne L Symons
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Gao X, Hwang MP, Wright N, Lu A, Ruzbarsky JJ, Huard M, Cheng H, Mullen M, Ravuri S, Wang B, Wang Y, Huard J. The use of heparin/polycation coacervate sustain release system to compare the bone regenerative potentials of 5 BMPs using a critical sized calvarial bone defect model. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121708. [PMID: 36031459 PMCID: PMC10129760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonunion following bone fracture and segmental bone defects are challenging clinical conditions. To combat this clinical dilemma, development of new bone tissue engineering therapies using biocompatible materials to deliver bone growth factors is desirable. This aim of this study is to use a heparin/polycation coacervate sustained-release platform to compare 5 bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) for promoting bone defect healing in a critical sized calvarial defect model. The in vitro 3D osteogenic pellet cultures assays demonstrated that BMPs 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9 all enhanced mineralization in vitro compared to the control group. BMP2 resulted in higher mineralized volume than BMP4 and BMP6. All BMPs and the control group activated the pSMAD5 signaling pathway and expressed osterix (OSX). The binding of BMP2 with coacervate significantly increased the coacervate average particle size. BMP2, 4, 6, & 7 bound to coacervate significantly increased the Zeta potential of the coacervate while BMP9 binding showed insignificant increase. Furthermore, using a monolayer culture osteogenic assay, it was found that hMDSCs cultured in the coacervate BMP2 osteogenic medium expressed higher levels of RUNX2, OSX, ALP and COX-2 compared to the control and BMPs 4, 6, 7 & 9. Additionally, the coacervate complex can be loaded with up to 2 μg of BMP proteins for sustained release. In vivo, when BMPs were delivered using the coacervate sustained release system, BMP2 was identified to be the most potent BMP promoting bone regeneration and regenerated 10 times of new bone than BMPs 4, 6 & 9. BMP7 also stimulated robust bone regeneration when compared to BMPs 4, 6 & 9. The quality of the newly regenerated bone by all BMPs delivered by coacervate is equivalent to the host bone consisting of bone matrix and bone marrow with normal bone architecture. Although the defect was not completely healed at 6 weeks, coacervate sustain release BMPs, particularly BMP2 and BMP7, could represent a new strategy for treatment of bone defects and non-unions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nathaniel Wright
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Joseph J Ruzbarsky
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Matthieu Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Michael Mullen
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Johnny Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
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13
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4 rescues the bone regenerative potential of old muscle-derived stem cells via regulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:385. [PMID: 35907860 PMCID: PMC9338549 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). BMP4 also promotes the self-renewal of both embryonic and somatic stem cells; however, BMP4 signaling activity significantly decreases with age. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors P16INK4A (P16) and P18INK4C (P18) induce early G1-phase cell cycle blockade by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6. It is still unclear if BMP4 affects the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs through regulation of P16 and P18 expression. METHODS Young and old MDSCs were isolated from 3 week (young) and 2-year-old (old) mice. In vitro cell proliferation and multipotent differentiation were performed for young and old MDSCs both before and after BMP4/GFP transduction. Cell cycle genes were analyzed using Q-PCR. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs transduced with BMP4/GFP were compared using Micro-CT and histological analysis. The bone regenerative potential of young and old MDSCs was also compared between single and double transduction (higher BMP4 levels expression). The cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation was also compared in vitro between cells that have been transduced with BMP4GFP (single and double transduction). The correlation of bone regeneration capacity of young and old MDSCs with P16 and P18 expression was further evaluated at 10 days after cell transplantation using histology and western blot analysis. RESULTS Old murine MDSCs (MDSCs) exhibit reduced proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation potential with or without BMP4 stimulation, when compared to young murine MDSCs. Old MDSCs express significantly higher P16 and lower P18, with more cells in the G0/1 phase and fewer cells in the G2/M phase, compared to young MDSCs. Old MDSCs retrovirally transduced to express BMP4 regenerated less bone in a critical size skull defect in CD-1 nude mice when compared to young retrovirally transduced MDSCs expressing similar BMP4 levels and contribute less to the new regenerated new bone. Importantly, both young and old MDSCs can regenerate more bone when BMP4 expression levels are increased by double-transduction with the retroviral-BMP4/GFP. However, the bone regeneration enhancement with elevated BMP4 was more profound in old MDSCs (400% at 2 weeks) compared to young MDSCs (200%). Accordingly, P18 is upregulated while P16 is downregulated after BMP4 transduction. Double transduction did not further increase cell proliferation nor mitochondrial function but did significantly increase Osx expression in both young and old MDSCs. Old MDSCs had even significant higher Osx levels as compared to young MDSCs following double transduction, while a similar Alp expression was observed between young and old MDSCs after double transduction. In addition, at 10 days after cell transplantation, old MDSCs having undergone double transduction regenerated bone more rapidly as showed by Alcian blue and Von Kossa staining. Western blot assays demonstrated that old MDSCs after retro-BMP4/GFP double transduction have significantly lower P18 expression levels when compared to young BMP4-transduced MDSCs. In addition, P18 expression was slightly increased in old MDSCs after double transduction when compared to single transduction. P16 expression was not detectable for both young and two old BMP4/GFP transduced MDSCs groups. CONCLUSIONS In summary, BMP4 can offset the adverse effect of aging on the osteogenic differentiation and the bone regenerative potential of old MDSCs via up-regulation of P18 and down-regulation P16 expression.
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14
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Deng Z, Gao X, Utsunomiya H, Arner JW, Ruzbarsky JJ, Huard M, Ravuri S, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Effects of oral losartan administration on homeostasis of articular cartilage and bone in a rabbit model. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101526. [PMID: 35372645 PMCID: PMC8971351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Previous work has shown that oral losartan can enhance microfracture-mediated cartilage repair in a rabbit osteochondral defect injury model. In this study, we aimed to determine whether oral losartan would have a detrimental effect on articular cartilage and bone homeostasis in the uninjured sides. Methods New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups including normal uninjured (Normal), contralateral uninjured side of osteochondral defect (Defect), osteochondral defect plus microfracture (Microfracture) and osteochondral defect plus microfracture and losartan oral administration (10 mg/kg/day) (Losartan). Rabbits underwent different surgeries and treatment and were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Both side of the normal group and uninjured side of treatment groups tibias were harvested for Micro-CT and histological analysis for cartilage and bone including H&E staining, Herovici's staining (bone and cartilage) Alcian blue and Safranin O staining (cartilage) as well as immunohistochemistry of losartan related signaling pathways molecules for both cartilage and bone. Results Our results showed losartan oral treatment at 10 mg/kg/day slightly increase Alcian blue positive matrix as well as decrease collagen type 3 in articular cartilage while having no significant effect on articular cartilage structure, cellularity, and other matrix. Losartan treatment also did not affect angiotensin receptor type 1 (AGTR1), angiotensin receptor type 2 (AGTR2) and phosphorylated transforming factor β1 activated kinase 1 (pTAK1) expression level and pattern in the articular cartilage. Furthermore, losartan treatment did not affect microarchitecture of normal cancellous bone and cortical bone of tibias compared to normal and other groups. Losartan treatment slightly increased osteocalcin positive osteoblasts on the surface of cancellous bone and did not affect bone matrix collagen type 1 content and did not change AGTR1, AGTR2 and pTAK1 signal molecule expression. Conclusion Oral losartan used as a microfracture augmentation therapeutic does not have significant effect on uninjured articular cartilage and bone based on our preclinical rabbit model. These results provided further evidence that the current regimen of using losartan as a microfracture augmentation therapeutic is safe with respect to bone and cartilage homeostasis and support clinical trials for its application in human cartilage repair.
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15
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Combined Treatment of Monopolar and Bipolar Radiofrequency Increases Skin Elasticity by Decreasing the Accumulation of Advanced Glycated End Products in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062993. [PMID: 35328415 PMCID: PMC8950306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that skin aging is related to the destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by metalloproteinases (MMPs). Aged fibroblasts have a decreased ability to synthesize collagen and elastin. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) involves glyoxalase (GLO) activation, which inhibits the production of advanced glycated end products (AGE) and the expression of its receptor (RAGE). RAGE increases nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which upregulates MMPs and decreases skin elasticity. NRF2 also decreases M1 macrophages, which secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), thereby decreasing AGE production. It is well known that radiofrequency (RF) decreases skin elasticity by increasing collagen synthesis. We evaluated whether RF increases skin elasticity via NRF2/GLO and whether they decrease AGE and RAGE expression in aged animal skin. We also compared the effects of RF based on the modes (monopolar or bipolar) or the combination used. In aged skin, NRF2, GLO-1, and M2 macrophage expression was decreased, and their expression increased when RF was applied. M1 and TNF-α demonstrated increased expression in the aged skin and decreased expression after RF application. AGE accumulation and RAGE, NF-κB, and MMP2/3/9 expression were increased in the aged skin, and they were decreased by RF. The papillary and reticular fibroblast markers showed decreased expression in young skin and increased expression in aged skin. The densities of collagen and elastin fiber in the aged skin were low, and they were increased by RF. In conclusion, RF leads to increased collagen and elastin fibers by increasing NRF2/GLO-1 and modulating M1/M2 polarization, which leads to decreased AGE and RAGE and, consequently, decreased NF-κB, which eventually slows collagen and elastin destruction. RF also leads to increased collagen and elastin fiber synthesis by increasing papillary and reticular fibroblast expression.
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16
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Tan PC, Zhou SB, Ou MY, He JZ, Zhang PQ, Zhang XJ, Xie Y, Gao YM, Zhang TY, Li QF. Mechanical stretching can modify the papillary dermis pattern and papillary fibroblast characteristics during skin regeneration. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2384-2394.e8. [PMID: 35181299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical application of mechanical stretching is a reconstructive method for skin repair. Although studies have reported dermal fibroblast heterogeneity, whether stretching affects individual fibroblast subpopulations equally remains unclear. Here, we show the changes in dermal structure and papillary fibroblast (Fp) in regenerated human skin. Exhausted skin regeneration caused dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) flattening, papillary dermis thinning, and an increase in the type III collagen (COL3)/type I collagen (COL1) ratio with upregulated hallmarks of aging. Well-regenerated skin displayed a notable increase in the Fp population. Consistent changes were observed in the rat expansion model. Moreover, we found that TGFβ1 expression was especially increased in skin showing good regeneration. Activation of the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway improved exhausted skin regeneration and resulted in increased collagen content and Fp proliferation, while pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ1 action impacted well-regenerated skin. Short-term mechanical stretching that promoted skin regeneration enhanced Fp proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and increased TGFβ1 expression, leading to good regeneration. Conversely, long-term stretching induced premature Fp senescence, leading to poor regeneration. This work shows the mechanism of mechanical stretching in well skin regeneration that enhances Fp proliferation and ECM synthesis via the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway, and highlights a crucial role of Fps in stretching-induced skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Zhou He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Gao X, Cheng H, Sun X, Lu A, Ruzbarsky JJ, Wang B, Huard J. Comparison of Autologous Blood Clots with Fibrin Sealant as Scaffolds for Promoting Human Muscle-Derived Stem Cell-Mediated Bone Regeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080983. [PMID: 34440188 PMCID: PMC8391974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Fibrin sealant has been used as a scaffold to deliver genetically modified human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) for bone regeneration. Alternatively, autologous blood clots are safe, economic scaffolds. This study compared autologous blood clot (BC) with fibrin sealant (FS) as a scaffold to deliver lenti-BMP2/GFP-transduced hMDSCs for bone regeneration. Methods. In vitro osteogenic differentiation was performed using 3D pellet culture and evaluated using microCT and Von Kossa staining. The lenti-GFP transduced cells were then mixed with human blood for evaluation of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, a murine critical- sized calvarial defect model was utilized to compare BC and FS scaffolds for lenti-BMP2/GFP-transduced hMDSCs mediated bone regeneration and evaluated with micro-CT and histology. Results. Lenti-BMP2/GFP transduced hMDSCs formed significantly larger mineralized pellets than non-transduced hMDSCs. hMDSCs within the human blood clot migrated out and differentiated into ALP+ osteoblasts. In vivo, BC resulted in significantly less new bone formation within a critical-sized calvarial bone defect than FS scaffold, despite no difference observed for GFP+ donor cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts in the newly formed bone. Conclusions. Human lenti-BMP2/GFP-transduced hMDSCs can efficiently undergo osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Unexpectedly, the newly regenerated bone in BC group was significantly less than the FS group. The autologous blood clot scaffold is less efficacious for delivering stem cells for bone regeneration than fibrin sealant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (X.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.C.); (X.S.)
| | - Aiping Lu
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (X.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.C.); (X.S.)
| | | | - Bing Wang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15140, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15140, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15140, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA; (X.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (H.C.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Wang T, Wagner A, Gehwolf R, Yan W, Passini FS, Thien C, Weissenbacher N, Lin Z, Lehner C, Teng H, Wittner C, Zheng Q, Dai J, Ni M, Wang A, Papadimitriou J, Leys T, Tuan RS, Senck S, Snedeker JG, Tempfer H, Jiang Q, Zheng MH, Traweger A. Load-induced regulation of tendon homeostasis by SPARC, a genetic predisposition factor for tendon and ligament injuries. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabe5738. [PMID: 33627488 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and tendon interfaces have a very limited regenerative capacity, rendering their injuries clinically challenging to resolve. Tendons sense muscle-mediated load; however, our knowledge on how loading affects tendon structure and functional adaption remains fragmentary. Here, we provide evidence that the matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is critically involved in the mechanobiology of tendons and is required for tissue maturation, homeostasis, and enthesis development. We show that tendon loading at the early postnatal stage leads to tissue hypotrophy and impaired maturation of Achilles tendon enthesis in Sparc -/- mice. Treadmill training revealed a higher prevalence of spontaneous tendon ruptures and a net catabolic adaptation in Sparc -/- mice. Tendon hypoplasia was attenuated in Sparc -/- mice in response to muscle unloading with botulinum toxin A. In vitro culture of Sparc -/- three-dimensional tendon constructs showed load-dependent impairment of ribosomal S6 kinase activation, resulting in reduced type I collagen synthesis. Further, functional calcium imaging revealed that lower stresses were required to trigger mechanically induced responses in Sparc -/- tendon fascicles. To underscore the clinical relevance of the findings, we further demonstrate that a missense mutation (p.Cys130Gln) in the follistatin-like domain of SPARC, which causes impaired protein secretion and type I collagen fibrillogenesis, is associated with tendon and ligament injuries in patients. Together, our results demonstrate that SPARC is a key extracellular matrix protein essential for load-induced tendon tissue maturation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenjin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fabian S Passini
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Thien
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhen Lin
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Huajian Teng
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Claudia Wittner
- Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Allan Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,PathWest Laboratories, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Toby Leys
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sasha Senck
- Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ming H Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia. .,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Logan CA, Gao X, Utsunomiya H, Scibetta AC, Talwar M, Ravuri SK, Ruzbarsky JJ, Arner JW, Zhu D, Lowe WR, Philippon MJ, Huard J. The Beneficial Effect of an Intra-articular Injection of Losartan on Microfracture-Mediated Cartilage Repair Is Dose Dependent. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2509-2521. [PMID: 34259597 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211008655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous publication demonstrated that the oral intake of losartan promoted microfracture-mediated hyaline-like cartilage repair in osteochondral defects of a rabbit knee model. However, an intra-articular (IA) injection of losartan may have direct beneficial effects on cartilage repair and has not been studied. PURPOSE To determine the dosage and beneficial effects of an IA injection of losartan on microfracture-mediated cartilage repair and normal cartilage homeostasis. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Rabbits were divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each): a microfracture group (MFX group) and 4 different losartan treatment groups that received varying doses of IA losartan (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg per knee). An osteochondral defect (5 mm) was created in the trochlear groove cartilage of 1 limb in each rabbit, and 5 microfracture perforations were made in the osteochondral defect. Both the injured and the contralateral knee joints were injected with IA losartan immediately after microfracture and at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks after surgery for analysis including gross observation, micro-computed tomography, histology, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Micro-computed tomography and gross observation demonstrated comparable subchondral bone healing and hyaline-like cartilage morphology in the 0.1-, 1-, and 10-mg losartan groups relative to the MFX group. Conversely, the 100-mg losartan group showed neither bony defect healing nor cartilage repair. Histology revealed higher O'Driscoll scores and hyaline-like cartilage regeneration in the 1-mg losartan group compared with the MFX group. In contrast, the 100-mg losartan group showed the lowest histology score and no cartilage repair. An IA injection of losartan at the doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg did not cause adverse effects on uninjured cartilage, while the 100-mg dose induced cartilage damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed downregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway after IA losartan injection. CONCLUSION An IA injection of losartan at the dose of 1 mg was most effective for the enhancement of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair without adversely affecting uninjured cartilage. Conversely, a high dose (100 mg) IA injection of losartan inhibited cartilage repair in the osteochondral defect and was chondrotoxic to normal articular cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An IA injection of losartan at an optimal dosage represents a novel microfracture enhancement therapy and warrants a clinical trial for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Logan
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hajime Utsunomiya
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex C Scibetta
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Mika Talwar
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph J Ruzbarsky
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin W Arner
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Utsunomiya H, Gao X, Cheng H, Deng Z, Nakama G, Mascarenhas R, Goldman JL, Ravuri SK, Arner JW, Ruzbarsky JJ, Lowe WR, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Intra-articular Injection of Bevacizumab Enhances Bone Marrow Stimulation-Mediated Cartilage Repair in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1871-1882. [PMID: 33979242 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211005102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) via microfracture historically has been a first-line treatment for articular cartilage lesions. However, BMS has become less favorable because of resulting fibrocartilage formation. Previous studies have shown that angiogenesis blockade promotes cartilage repair. Bevacizumab is a Food and Drug Administration-approved medication used clinically to prevent angiogenesis. HYPOTHESIS The intra-articular injection of bevacizumab would prevent angiogenesis after BMS and lead to improved cartilage repair with more hyaline-like cartilage. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS The dose of bevacizumab was first optimized in a rabbit osteochondral defect model with BMS. Then, 48 rabbits (n = 8/group/time point) were divided into 3 groups: osteochondral defect (defect), osteochondral defect + BMS (BMS group), and osteochondral defect + BMS + bevacizumab intra-articular injection (bevacizumab group). Rabbits were sacrificed at either 6 or 12 weeks after surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (microCT), macroscope score, modified O'Driscoll histology scores, collagen type 2, Herovici staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed. Angiogenesis markers were also evaluated. RESULTS The intra-articular dose of 12.5 mg/0.5 mL bevacizumab was found to be effective without deleteriously affecting the subchondral bone. Intra-articular injection of bevacizumab resulted in significantly improved cartilage repair for the bevacizumab group compared with the BMS or the defect group based on 3D microCT, the macroscope score (both P < .05), the modified O'Driscoll histology score (P = .0034 and P = .019 vs defect and BMS groups, respectively), collagen type 2, Herovici staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining at 6 weeks. Cartilage in the bevacizumab group had significantly more hyaline cartilage than did that in other groups. At 12 weeks, the cartilage layer regenerated in all groups; however, the bevacizumab group showed more hyaline-like morphology, as demonstrated by microCT, histology scores (P < .001 and .0225 vs defect and BMS groups, respectively), histology, and immunohistochemistry. The bevacizumab injection did not significantly change mRNA expressions of smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, or hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. CONCLUSION Intra-articular injection of bevacizumab significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of hyaline-like cartilage after BMS in a rabbit model. Future large-animal and human studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical effect of this therapy, which may lead to improved BMS outcomes and thus the durability of the regenerated cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of bevacizumab may be an important clinical adjunct to improve BMS-mediated cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Utsunomiya
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gilberto Nakama
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Randy Mascarenhas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julia L Goldman
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine & Care, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin W Arner
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph J Ruzbarsky
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine at the Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Investigation performed at University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Raj R, Shenoy SJ, Mony MP, Pratheesh KV, Nair RS, Geetha CS, Sobhan PK, Purnima C, Anilkumar TV. Surface Modification of Polypropylene Mesh with a Porcine Cholecystic Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Mitigating Host Tissue Reaction. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3304-3319. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Sachin J. Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Manjula P. Mony
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Kanakarajan V. Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Reshma S. Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandrika S. Geetha
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Praveen K. Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Chandramohanan Purnima
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V. Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research—Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, Vithura 695551, India
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22
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Zhang L, Yaron JR, Guo Q, Kilbourne J, Awo EA, Burgin M, Schutz LN, Wallace SE, Lowe KM, Lucas AR. Topical Application of Virus-Derived Immunomodulating Proteins and Peptides to Promote Wound Healing in Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2225:217-226. [PMID: 33108665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1012-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immune modulators play critical roles in the progression of wounds to normal or conversely delayed healing, through the regulation of normal tissue regrowth, scarring, inflammation, and growth factor expression. Many immune modulator recombinants are under active preclinical study or in clinical trial to promote improved acute or chronic wound healing and to reduce scarring. Viruses have evolved highly efficient immune modulators for the evasion of host-defensive immune responses that target and kill invasive viruses. Recent studies have proven that some of these virus-derived immune modulators can be used to promote wound healing with significantly improved speed and reduced scarring in rodent models. Mouse full-thickness excisional wound model is one of the most commonly used animal models used to study wound healing for its similarity to humans in the healing phases and associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. This chapter introduces this mouse dermal wound healing model in detail for application in studying viral immune modulators as new treatments to promote wound healing. Details of hydrogel, protein construction, and topical application methods for these therapeutic proteins are provided in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jordan R Yaron
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Enkidia A Awo
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle Burgin
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren N Schutz
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sarah E Wallace
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth M Lowe
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra R Lucas
- Centers for Personalized Diagnostics and for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Saint Joseph's Hospital, Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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23
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Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection Compromises Wound Healing by Causing Deficiencies in Granulation Tissue Collagen. Ann Surg 2020; 271:1174-1185. [PMID: 30614873 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to causatively link biofilm properties of bacterial infection to specific pathogenic mechanisms in wound healing. BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the four most prevalent bacterial species identified in chronic wounds. Causatively linking wound pathology to biofilm properties of bacterial infection is challenging. Thus, isogenic mutant stains of S. aureus with varying degree of biofilm formation ability was studied in an established preclinical porcine model of wound biofilm infection. METHODS Isogenic mutant strains of S. aureus with varying degree (ΔrexB > USA300 > ΔsarA) of biofilm-forming ability were used to infect full-thickness porcine cutaneous wounds. RESULTS Compared with that of ΔsarA infection, wound biofilm burden was significantly higher in response to ΔrexB or USA300 infection. Biofilm infection caused degradation of cutaneous collagen, specifically collagen 1 (Col1), with ΔrexB being most pathogenic in that regard. Biofilm infection of the wound repressed wound-edge miR-143 causing upregulation of its downstream target gene matrix metalloproteinase-2. Pathogenic rise of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase-2 in biofilm-infected wound-edge tissue sharply decreased collagen 1/collagen 3 ratio compromising the biomechanical properties of the repaired skin. Tensile strength of the biofilm infected skin was compromised supporting the notion that healed wounds with a history of biofilm infection are likely to recur. CONCLUSION This study provides maiden evidence that chronic S. aureus biofilm infection in wounds results in impaired granulation tissue collagen leading to compromised wound tissue biomechanics. Clinically, such compromise in tissue repair is likely to increase wound recidivism.
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24
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Utsunomiya H, Gao X, Deng Z, Cheng H, Nakama G, Scibetta AC, Ravuri SK, Goldman JL, Lowe WR, Rodkey WG, Alliston T, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Biologically Regulated Marrow Stimulation by Blocking TGF-β1 With Losartan Oral Administration Results in Hyaline-like Cartilage Repair: A Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:974-984. [PMID: 32027515 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519898681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfracture or bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is often the first choice for clinical treatment of cartilage injuries; however, fibrocartilage, not pure hyaline cartilage, has been reported because of the development of fibrosis in the repair tissue. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which can promote fibrosis, can be inhibited by losartan and potentially be used to reduce fibrocartilage. HYPOTHESIS Blocking TGF-β1 would improve cartilage healing in a rabbit knee BMS model via decreasing the amount of fibrocartilage and increasing hyaline-like cartilage formation. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS An osteochondral defect was made in the patellar groove of 48 New Zealand White rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups: a defect group (defect only), a BMS group (osteochondral defect + BMS), and a BMS + losartan group (osteochondral defect + BMS + losartan). For the rabbits in the BMS + losartan group, losartan was administrated orally from the day after surgery through the day of euthanasia. Rabbits were sacrificed 6 or 12 weeks postoperatively. Macroscopic appearance, microcomputed tomography, histological assessment, and TGF-β1 signaling pathway were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS The macroscopic assessment of the repair revealed that the BMS + losartan group was superior to the other groups tested. Microcomputed tomography showed superior healing of the bony defect in the BMS + losartan group in comparison with the other groups. Histologically, fibrosis in the repair tissue of the BMS + losartan group was significantly reduced when compared with the other groups. Results obtained with the modified O'Driscoll International Cartilage Repair Society grading system yielded significantly superior scores in the BMS + losartan group as compared with both the defect group and the BMS group (F value: 15.8, P < .001, P = .012, respectively). TGF-β1 signaling and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 of the BMS + losartan group were significantly suppressed in the synovial tissues. CONCLUSION By blocking TGF-β1 with losartan, the repair cartilage tissue after BMS was superior to the other groups and consisted primarily of hyaline cartilage. These results should be easily translated to the clinic because losartan is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug and it can be combined with the BMS technique for optimal repair of chondral defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biologically regulated marrow stimulation by blocking TGF-β1 (oral intake of losartan) provides superior repair via decreasing fibrocartilage formation and resulting in hyaline-like cartilage as compared with outcomes from BMS only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Utsunomiya
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Gilberto Nakama
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex C Scibetta
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia L Goldman
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - William G Rodkey
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Investigation performed at Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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25
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Chamorro CI, Reinfeldt Engberg G, Fossum M. Molecular and histological studies of bladder wound healing in a rodent model. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:293-306. [PMID: 32011053 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine encounters different challenges. The success of tissue-engineered implants is dependent on proper wound healing. Today, the process of normal urinary bladder wound healing is poorly characterized. We aspired to explore and elucidate the natural response to injury in an in vivo model in order to further optimize tissue regeneration in future studies. In this study, we aimed to characterize histological and molecular changes during normal healing in a rat model by performing a standardized incisional wound followed by surgical closure. We used a rodent model (n = 40) to follow the healing process in the urinary bladder for 28 days. Surgical exposure of the bladder without incision (n = 40) was performed in controls. Histological characterization and western blot analyses of proteins was carried out using specific staining and markers for inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue maturation. For the molecular characterization of gene expression total RNA was collected for RT2 -PCR in wound healing pathway arrays. Analysis of histology revealed distinct, but overlapping, phases of healing with a local inflammatory response (days 1-8) simultaneous with a rapid formation of granulation tissue and proliferation (days 2-8). We also identified significant changes in gene expression related to inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Healing of an incisional wound in a rodent urinary bladder demonstrated that all the classical phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation followed by tissue maturation were present. Our data suggest that the bladder and the skin share similar molecular signaling during wound healing, although we noted differences in the duration of each phase compared to previous studies in rat skin. Further studies will address whether our findings can be extrapolated to the human bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Chamorro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Clinic C, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gisela Reinfeldt Engberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Fossum
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Surgery and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Clinic C, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Gao X, Tang Y, Amra S, Sun X, Cui Y, Cheng H, Wang B, Huard J. Systemic investigation of bone and muscle abnormalities in dystrophin/utrophin double knockout mice during postnatal development and the mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1738-1751. [PMID: 30689868 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin-/-/utrophin-/-/ double knockout (dKO-Hom) mouse is a murine model of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study investigated the bone and muscle abnormalities of dKO-Hom mouse and mechanisms. We collected bone and skeletal muscle samples from control mice and three muscular dystrophic mouse models at different ages and performed micro-computer tomography and histological analyses of both bone and skeletal muscle tissues. Serum receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin (SOST) levels, osteoclastogenesis and serum proteomics were also analyzed. Our results indicated that dKO-Hom mice developed skeletal muscle histopathologies by 5 days of age, whereas bone abnormalities developed at 4 weeks of age. Furthermore, our results indicated that the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were decreased in the proximal tibia and spine trabecular bone of dKO-Hom mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice, which correlated with a significant reduction in serum RANKL levels. The number of tibia cortical osteocytes also decreased, whereas serum SOST levels increased significantly in dKO-Hom mice than WT mice. Osteoblastic number was significantly lower, but osteoclast number increased, in the spine L6 of dKO-Hom mice than WT mice at 6 weeks of age, resulting in a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption. Serum proteomics results revealed abnormal proteome profiles in dKO-Hom mice compared to control mice. In conclusion, our study elucidated the timing of development of bone and muscle abnormalities. The bone abnormalities in dKO-Hom mice are correlated with lower serum RANKL and higher SOST levels that resulted in dysregulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sarah Amra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
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27
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Sun X, Gao X, Deng Z, Zhang L, McGilvray K, Gadomski BC, Amra S, Bao G, Huard J. High bone microarchitecture, strength, and resistance to bone loss in MRL/MpJ mice correlates with activation of different signaling pathways and systemic factors. FASEB J 2019; 34:789-806. [PMID: 31914651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901229rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The MRL/MpJ mice have demonstrated an enhanced tissue regeneration capacity for various tissues. In the present study, we systematically characterized bone microarchitecture and found that MRL/MpJ mice exhibit higher bone microarchitecture and strength compared to both C57BL/10J and C57BL/6J WT mice at 2, 4, and 10 months of age. The higher bone mass in MRL/MpJ mice was correlated to increased osteoblasts, decreased osteoclasts, higher cell proliferation, and bone formation, and enhanced pSMAD5 signaling earlier during postnatal development (2-month old) in the spine trabecular bone, and lower bone resorption rate at later age. Furthermore, these mice exhibit accelerated fracture healing via enhanced pSMAD5, pAKT and p-P38MAPK pathways compared to control groups. Moreover, MRL/MpJ mice demonstrated resistance to ovariectomy-induced bone loss as evidenced by maintaining higher bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and lower percentage of bone loss later after ovariectomy. The consistently higher serum IGF1 level and lower RANKL level in MRL/MpJ mice may contribute to the maintenance of high bone mass in uninjured and injured bone. In conclusion, our results indicate that enhanced pSMAD5, pAKT, and p-P38MAPK signaling, higher serum IGF-1, and lower RANKL level contribute to the higher bone microarchitecture and strength, accelerated healing, and resistance to osteoporosis in MRL/MpJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kirk McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sarah Amra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
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Kim J. Multilayered injection of calcium hydroxylapatite filler on ischial soft tissue to rejuvenate the previous phase of chronic sitting pressure sore. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:771-784. [PMID: 31686889 PMCID: PMC6800547 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s212599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction During a sitting position, the pressure distribution is located below the ischial tuberosity. Many women have skin atrophy on the ischial area. To treat atrophic changes on the skin above the ischium, volumization and improving skin texture are acquired simultaneously. Two methods of automatic and manual injections using a hard filler with a stitmulating effect were administered respectively to both the dermis and subdermis layers. A biopsy study using various straining evaluated histological tissue reactions after the filler injections. Methods This study focused on rejuvenating soft tissue on the atrophic ischeal areas, as described by the author as the previous phase of chronic sitting pressure sore, by using the multi-layered injection of calcium-hydroxylapatite (CaHA) filler. Sixteen women (mean, 38.5 years) were treated from 2012 January to 2019 April. Prior to the injection, 1.5cc of Radiesse® (calcium hydroxylapatite filler; Merz, Germany) was diluted with 1cc of normal saline and 0.5cc of lidocaine, and 3cc of filler mixture (1:1 dilution) was made. All subjects received the intradermal injection and multi layered subdermal injection with 2.5cc of diluted CaHA filler. A second session for booster treatment was performed at 6 months using the same method. Photography was taken by a camera and a dermascope observation before and 7 months after. Before and 7 months after the first injection, soft tissue depression, skin discoloration, and roughness were assessed. Standard deviations and coefficients of variation were also calculated for changes in depression, discoloration and roughness after the treatment. Biopsy specimens (3×5 mm) were taken from three patients 7 months after the first session. The specimens were analyzed using various stainins. Results The improvements of skin quality, skin fold, and roughness were visible at physical examination, medical photography and also at high-resolution dermascope examination in all patients. Post-treatment the depressed amounts on the ischial areas reduced with increased volume. Conclusion Depressed soft tissue and skin folds on ischial areas were significantly improved by volumization of subdermal filler injection. The skin quality, roughness, and pigmentation on ischial areas improved, and these improvements may be caused by intradermal micro-droplet injections of CaHA filler which may be influenced by neocollagenesis by numerous fibroblasts and increased micro-blood circulation (neovascularization). This is the first article to show the scientific evidence of neocollagenesis and tissue reaction after an injection of CaHA filler in the dermis, especially using various histological staining and to show various stages of inflammation and foreign body reaction around CaHA particles. Numerous fibroblasts were present around CaHA particles, but plasma cells were not found. Interestingly a few eosinophils were found around CaHA filler. After a significant period of time, multi-layered injections of diluted CaHA tightened and remodeled atrophic ischial skin. The multi layered injection approach was safe and effectively treated ischial soft tissue atrophy without significant side effects, such as infection or delayed swelling or lumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongSeo Kim
- Kim-Jongseo Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Altintas B, Scibetta AC, Storaci HW, Lacheta L, Anderson NL, Millett PJ. Biomechanical and Histopathological Analysis of a Retrieved Dermal Allograft After Superior Capsule Reconstruction: A Case Report. Arthroscopy 2019; 35:2959-2965. [PMID: 31604518 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate biomechanical and histopathological results of a retrieved acellular human dermal allograft (AHDA) after superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). A 67-year-old man with pseudoparalysis was treated with SCR for an irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear. The patient failed clinically 4.5 months postoperatively and elected to undergo reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). At the time of RTSA, the AHDA was harvested. Biomechanical and histopathologic analyses were performed and compared to native grafts. Failure loads for the explanted graft and native grafts 1 and 2 were 158, 790, and 749 N, respectively. The stiffness values were 20.2, 73, and 100.5 N/mm. The displacement at failure for each graft was 10.1, 27.9, and 17.0 mm. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed the presence of cells in all portions of the AHDA. The medial portion presented extensive cellular infiltration, the middle portion moderate, and the lateral portion the least infiltration. Although the only identifiable cells in the lateral portions were found in pockets on the interior of the graft, cells were mainly localized on the exterior. Postoperative cell incorporation could be found in acellular dermal allograft after SCR. However, biomechanical properties in the early postoperative phase were inferior compared with unimplanted allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Altintas
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado; Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Lucca Lacheta
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado; Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado
| | | | - Peter J Millett
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado; Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado.
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30
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Banerjee J, Seetharaman S, Wrice NL, Christy RJ, Natesan S. Delivery of silver sulfadiazine and adipose derived stem cells using fibrin hydrogel improves infected burn wound regeneration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217965. [PMID: 31194776 PMCID: PMC6563979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection control is necessary for improved burn wound regeneration. In this study contact burn wounds were induced on the dorsum of the rats and were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (107cfu/ml of saline) and left overnight (12-14 hours) to establish the infection. After 12 hours, the wounds were treated with PEGylated fibrin hydrogel containing 50 mgs of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) loaded chitosan microsphere (SSD-CSM-FPEG). On day 9, SSD-CSM-FPEG treated burn wounds further received adipose derived stem cell (5×104 ASCs cells/ml) embedded in PEGylated fibrin hydrogel. Wounds were assessed for the healing outcomes such as neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, wound closure and collagen maturation. Analysis of bacterial load in the burn wound biopsies, demonstrated that SSD-CSM-FPEG significantly reduced bacterial infection, while overt infection was still observed in the untreated groups on day 14. Sequential treatment of infected wounds with SSD-CSM-FPEG followed by ASC-FPEGs (SSD-CSM-ASC-FPEG) significantly reduced bacterial colonization (9 log reduction) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) expression. A significant increase in neovascularization markers; NG2 and vWF was also observed. Histological analysis indicated the wounds treated with SSD-CSM-ASC-FPEG increased amount of dermal collagen matrix deposition, a thicker granulation tissue on day 21 and more mature collagen on day 28. This work demonstrates that the sequential treatment of infected burn wounds with SSD-CSM-FPEG followed by ASC-FPEG reduces bacterial infection as well as promotes neo-vascularization with improved matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Banerjee
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shanmuganathan Seetharaman
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Wrice
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Christy
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Scibetta AC, Morris ER, Liebowitz AB, Gao X, Lu A, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Characterization of the chondrogenic and osteogenic potential of male and female human muscle-derived stem cells: Implication for stem cell therapy. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1339-1349. [PMID: 30667562 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
People of all backgrounds are susceptible to bone and cartilage damage, and these injuries can be debilitating. Current treatments for bone and cartilage injuries are less than optimal, and we are interested in developing new approaches to treat these diseases, specifically using human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs). Our lab previously demonstrated that sex differences exist between male and female murine MDSCs; thus, this paper sought to investigate whether sex differences also exist in hMDSCs. In the present study, we characterized the chondrogenic and osteogenic sex differences of hMDSCs in vitro and in vivo. We performed in vitro osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation using hMDSC pellet cultures. As demonstrated by microCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry, male hMDSCs were more chondrogenic and osteogenic than their female counterparts in vitro. No differences were observed based on the sex of hMDSCs in osteogenic and chondrogenic gene expression and cell surface markers. For our in vivo study, we transduced hMDSCs with lenti-BMP2/GFP and transplanted these cells into critical-sized calvarial defects in mice. MicroCT results revealed that male hMDSCs regenerated more bone at 2 weeks and demonstrated higher bone density at 4 and 6 weeks than female hMDSCs. Histology demonstrated that both male and female hMDSCs regenerated functional bone. Clinical relevance: These studies reinforce that stem cells isolated from male and female patients differ in function, and we should disclose the sex of cells used in future studies. Considering sex differences of hMDSCs may help to improve cell-based therapies for autologous cell treatment of bone and cartilage damage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1339-1349, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xueqin Gao
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Aiping Lu
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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O'Rourke BP, Kramer AH, Cao LL, Inayathullah M, Guzik H, Rajadas J, Nosanchuk JD, Sharp DJ. Fidgetin-Like 2 siRNA Enhances the Wound Healing Capability of a Surfactant Polymer Dressing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:91-100. [PMID: 30911440 PMCID: PMC6430983 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are intracellular polymers that provide structure to the cell, serve as railways for intracellular transport, and regulate many cellular activities, including cell migration. The dynamicity and function of the MT cytoskeleton are determined in large part by its regulatory proteins, including the recently discovered MT severing enzyme Fidgetin-like 2 (FL2). Downregulation of FL2 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in a more than twofold increase in cell migration rate in vitro as well as translates into improved wound-healing outcomes in in vivo mouse models. Here we utilized a commercially available surfactant polymer dressing (SPD) as a vehicle to deliver FL2 siRNA. To this end we incorporated collagen microparticles containing FL2 siRNA into SPD (SPD-FL2-siRNA) for direct application to the injury site. Topical application of SPD-FL2 siRNA to murine models of full-thickness excision wounds and full-thickness burn wounds resulted in significant improvements in the rate and quality of wound healing, as measured clinically and histologically, compared with controls. Wound healing occurred more rapidly and with high fidelity, resulting in properly organized collagen substructure. Taken together, these findings indicate that the incorporation of FL2 siRNA into existing treatment options is a promising avenue to improve wound outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam H. Kramer
- Physiology and Biophysics, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Longyue L. Cao
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hillary Guzik
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David J. Sharp
- MicroCures, Inc., Research and Development, Bronx, New York
- Physiology and Biophysics, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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33
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Gao X, Lu A, Tang Y, Schneppendahl J, Liebowitz AB, Scibetta AC, Morris ER, Cheng H, Huard C, Amra S, Wang B, Hall MA, Lowe WR, Huard J. Influences of donor and host age on human muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 30463597 PMCID: PMC6249775 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) have been shown to regenerate bone efficiently when they were transduced with Lenti-viral bone morphogenetic protein 2 (LBMP2). However, whether the age of hMDSCs and the animal host affect the bone regeneration capacity of hMDSCs and mechanism are unknown which prompted the current study. Methods We isolated three gender-matched young and old populations of skeletal muscle stem cells, and tested the influence of cells’ age on in vitro osteogenic differentiation using pellet culture before and after Lenti-BMP2/green fluorescent protein (GFP) transduction. We further investigated effects of the age of hMDSCs and animal host on hMDSC-mediated bone regeneration in a critical-size calvarial bone defect model in vivo. Micro-computer tomography (CT), histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and oxidative stress assay were performed to detect the effects of age of hMDSCs on cell survival and osteogenic-related genes. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found LBMP2/GFP transduction significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMDSCs in vitro, regardless of donor age. We also found old were as efficient as young LBMP2/GFP-transduced hMDSCs for regenerating functional bone in young and old mice. These findings correlated with lower phosphorylated p38MAPK expression and similar expression levels of cell survival genes and osteogenic-related genes in old hMDSCs relative to young hMDSCs. Old cells exhibited equivalent resistance to oxidative stress. However, both young and old donor cells regenerated less bone in old than young hosts. Impaired bone regeneration in older hosts was associated with high bone remodeling due to higher serum levels of RANKL and lower level of IGF-1. Conclusion hMDSC-mediated bone regeneration was not impaired by donor age when hMDSCs were transduced with LBMP2/GFP, but the age of the host adversely affected hMDSC-mediated bone regeneration. Regardless of donor and host age, hMDSCs formed functional bone, suggesting a promising cell resource for bone regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1066-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Haizi Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Charles Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Sarah Amra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Mary A Hall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, 81657, USA.
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34
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Harmany ZT, Fereidouni F, Levenson RM. Spectral Unmixing Methods and Tools for the Detection and Quantitation of Collagen and Other Macromolecules in Tissue Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:491-509. [PMID: 28836220 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen and other components in the extracellular matrix are proving of increasing importance for the understanding of complex cell and tissue interactions in a variety of settings. Detection and quantitation of these components can still prove challenging, and a number of techniques have been developed. We focus here on methods in fluorescence-based assessments, including multiplexed immunodetection and the use of simpler histochemical stains, both complemented by linear unmixing techniques. Typically, differentiating these components requires the use of a set of optical filters to isolate each fluorescent compound from each other and from often bright background autofluorescence signals. However, standard fluorescent microscopes are usually only able to separate a limited number of components. If the emission spectra of the fluorophores are spectrally distinct, but overlapping, sophisticated spectral imaging or computational methods can be used to optimize separation and quantitation. This chapter describes spectral unmixing methodology and associated open-source software tools available to analyze multispectral as well as simple color (RGB) images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Harmany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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35
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Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Lehner C, Bradshaw AD, Scharler C, Niestrawska JA, Holzapfel GA, Bauer HC, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Pleiotropic roles of the matricellular protein Sparc in tendon maturation and ageing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32635. [PMID: 27586416 PMCID: PMC5009305 DOI: 10.1038/srep32635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic tendinopathies remain clinically challenging and tendons are predisposed to degeneration or injury with age. Despite the high prevalence of tendon disease in the elderly, our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent deterioration of tendon function remains very limited. Here, we show that Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) expression significantly decreases in healthy-aged mouse Achilles tendons. Loss of Sparc results in tendon collagen fibrillogenesis defects and Sparc−/− tendons are less able to withstand force in comparison with their respective wild type counterparts. On the cellular level, Sparc-null and healthy-aged tendon-derived cells exhibited a more contracted phenotype and an altered actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, an elevated expression of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and Cebpα with a concomitant increase in lipid deposits in aged and Sparc−/− tendons was observed. In summary, we propose that Sparc levels in tendons are critical for proper collagen fibril maturation and its age-related decrease, together with a change in ECM properties favors lipid accretion in tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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36
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Gao X, Usas A, Lu A, Kozemchak A, Tang Y, Poddar M, Sun X, Cummins JH, Huard J. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency impairs muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone regeneration via cellular autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3216-3231. [PMID: 27354351 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by donor and host cells in muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC)-mediated bone regeneration utilizing a critical size calvarial defect model. We found that BMP4/green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transduced MDSCs formed significantly less bone in COX-2 knock-out (Cox-2KO) than in COX-2 wild-type (WT) mice. BMP4/GFP-transduced Cox-2KO MDSCs also formed significantly less bone than transduced WT MDSCs when transplanted into calvarial defects created in CD-1 nude mice. The impaired bone regeneration in the Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP group is associated with downregulation of BMP4-pSMAD1/5 signaling, decreased osteogenic differentiation and lowered proliferation capacity after transplantation, compared with WT MDSCBMP4/GFP cells. The Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP group demonstrated a reduction in cell survival and direct osteogenic differentiation in vitro These effects were mediated in part by the downregulation of Igf1 and Igf2. In addition, the Cox-2KO MDSCBMP4/GFP cells recruited fewer macrophages than the WT MDSC/BMP4/GFP cells in the early phase after injury. We concluded that the bone regeneration capacity of Cox-2KO MDSCs was impaired because of a reduction in cell proliferation and survival capacities, reduction in osteogenic differentiation and a decrease in the ability of the cells to recruit host cells to the injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Adam Kozemchak
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xuying Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA and
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37
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Lo WCY, Villiger M, Golberg A, Broelsch GF, Khan S, Lian CG, Austen WG, Yarmush M, Bouma BE. Longitudinal, 3D Imaging of Collagen Remodeling in Murine Hypertrophic Scars In Vivo Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Frequency Domain Imaging. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:84-92. [PMID: 26763427 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HTS), frequently seen after traumatic injuries and surgery, remain a major clinical challenge because of the limited success of existing therapies. A significant obstacle to understanding HTS etiology is the lack of tools to monitor scar remodeling longitudinally and noninvasively. We present an in vivo, label-free technique using polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain imaging for the 3D, longitudinal assessment of collagen remodeling in murine HTS. In this study, HTS was induced with a mechanical tension device for 4-10 days on incisional wounds and imaged up to 1 month after device removal; an excisional HTS model was also imaged at 6 months after injury to investigate deeper and more mature scars. We showed that local retardation and degree of polarization provide a robust signature for HTS. Compared with normal skin with heterogeneous local retardation and low degree of polarization, HTS was characterized by an initially low local retardation, which increased as collagen fibers remodeled, and a persistently high degree of polarization. This study demonstrates that polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain imaging offers a powerful tool to gain significant biological insights into HTS remodeling by enabling longitudinal assessment of collagen in vivo, which is critical to elucidating HTS etiology and developing more effective HTS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Y Lo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Felix Broelsch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saiqa Khan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William G Austen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brett E Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Local delivery of antitumor necrosis factor-α through conjugation to hyaluronic acid: dosing strategies and early healing effects in a rat burn model. J Burn Care Res 2015; 36:e90-e101. [PMID: 25526179 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure dose-response effects of topical delivery of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) through conjugation to hyaluronic acid in a rat burn model to determine effects on inflammatory responses, burn progression, and early stages of healing. Monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α were conjugated to hyaluronic acid and applied topically in a rat partial-thickness burn model. Metrics of inflammatory responses and tissue necrosis were measured as well as the quantitative analysis of collagen composition and organization. The minimum effective conjugated antibody dose was found to be 100 μg with three applications 48 hours apart. Nonviable tissue thicknesses decreased with increasing dose and dose frequency. Free antibody retarded macrophage infiltration in the periphery but not at the surface, while the conjugated antibody was able to hinder macrophage infiltration at both the periphery and the surface. Quantification of collagen I and III staining ratios at days 4, 7, and 14 and quantitative image analysis of collagen organization at day 14 demonstrated differences between saline and conjugate treatment. This correlated with increases in re-epithelialization observed in conjugate-treated sites. Reductions in inflammatory markers and secondary tissue necrosis under treatment with the conjugates were understood in terms of differences in antibody transport compared to nonconjugated antibody. Differences in collagen composition and organization at Day 14 suggested that the reductions in inflammatory responses altered early healing responses. These results indicate anti-TNF-α conjugated to hyaluronic acid can be an effective treatment for reducing secondary necrosis and improving healing outcomes in burns.
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Katz MG, Brandon-Warner E, Fargnoli AS, Williams RD, Kendle AP, Hajjar RJ, Schrum LW, Bridges CR. Mitigation of myocardial fibrosis by molecular cardiac surgery-mediated gene overexpression. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 151:1191-200.e3. [PMID: 26769537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart failure is accompanied by up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, accumulation of collagen and dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase cardiac isoform 2a (SERCA2a). We examined the fibrotic response in small and large myocardial infarct, and the effect of overexpression of the SERCA2a gene. METHODS Ischemic cardiomyopathy was induced via creation of large or small infarct in 26 sheep. Animals were divided into 4 groups: small infarct; large infarct with heart failure; gene-treated (large infarct with heart failure followed by adeno-associated viral vector, serotype 1.SERCA2a gene construct transfer by molecular cardiac surgery with recirculating delivery); and control. RESULTS Heart failure was significantly less pronounced in the gene-treated and small-infarct groups than in the large-infarct group. Expression of transforming growth factor beta signaling components was significantly higher in the large-infarct group, compared with the small-infarct and gene-treated groups. Both the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and angiotensin II were significantly elevated in the small- and large-infarct groups, whereas gene treatment diminished this effect. Active fibrosis with de novo collagen synthesis was evident in the large-infarct group; the small-infarct and gene-treated groups showed less fibrosis, with a lower ratio of de novo to mature collagen. CONCLUSIONS The data presented provide evidence that progression of fibrosis is mediated through increased transforming growth factor beta and angiotensin II signaling, which is mitigated by increased SERCA2a gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC; Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | | | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC; Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Richard D Williams
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Andrew P Kendle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC.
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40
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Rao J, Brown BN, Weinbaum JS, Ofstun EL, Makaroun MS, Humphrey JD, Vorp DA. Distinct macrophage phenotype and collagen organization within the intraluminal thrombus of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2015. [PMID: 26206580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the etiologic factors that lead to the occurrence of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Recent work has suggested that macrophages may play an important role in progression of a number of other vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis; however, whether these cells are present within the ILT of a progressing AAA is unknown. The purpose of this work was to define the presence, phenotype, and spatial distribution of macrophages within the ILT excised from six patients. We hypothesized that the ILT contains a population of activated macrophages with a distinct, nonclassical phenotypic profile. METHODS ILT samples were examined using histologic staining and immunofluorescent labeling for multiple markers of activated macrophages (cluster of differentiation [CD]45, CD68, human leukocyte antigen-DR, matrix metalloproteinase 9) and the additional markers α-smooth muscle actin, CD34, CD105, fetal liver kinase-1, and collagen I and III. RESULTS Histologic staining revealed a distinct laminar organization of collagen within the shoulder region of the ILT lumen and a spatially heterogeneous cell composition within the ILT. Most of the cellular constituents of the ILT were in the luminal region and predominantly expressed markers of activated macrophages but also concurrently expressed α-smooth muscle actin, CD105, and synthesized collagen I and III. CONCLUSIONS This report presents evidence for the presence of a distinct macrophage population within the luminal region of AAA ILT. These cells express a set of markers indicative of a unique population of activated macrophages. The exact contributions of these previously unrecognized cells to ILT formation and AAA pathobiology remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Emily L Ofstun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Michel S Makaroun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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41
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Skin rejuvenation with non-invasive pulsed electric fields. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10187. [PMID: 25965851 PMCID: PMC4428072 DOI: 10.1038/srep10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative skin diseases affect one third of individuals over the age of sixty. Current therapies use various physical and chemical methods to rejuvenate skin; but since the therapies affect many tissue components including cells and extracellular matrix, they may also induce significant side effects, such as scarring. Here we report on a new, non-invasive, non-thermal technique to rejuvenate skin with pulsed electric fields. The fields destroy cells while simultaneously completely preserving the extracellular matrix architecture and releasing multiple growth factors locally that induce new cells and tissue growth. We have identified the specific pulsed electric field parameters in rats that lead to prominent proliferation of the epidermis, formation of microvasculature, and secretion of new collagen at treated areas without scarring. Our results suggest that pulsed electric fields can improve skin function and thus can potentially serve as a novel non-invasive skin therapy for multiple degenerative skin diseases.
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42
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Turner NJ, Pezzone D, Badylak SF. Regional variations in the histology of porcine skin. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:373-84. [PMID: 25205147 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine skin is commonly used as a model for human skin injury and as a source material for biologic scaffold materials. Although remarkable similarities between porcine and human skin exist, regional anatomic variations present in human skin are also present in porcine skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of porcine skin from 11 different anatomic regions in the American Yorkshire crossbreed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, with emphasis on epidermal and dermal thickness, hair follicle density, and collagen and elastin composition and distribution. The results showed that significant regional differences in skin histology exist, particularly with regard to the thickness of the dermis and epidermis and the amount of collagen and elastin within each tissue. Differences were also seen in the distribution of type I and type III collagen within the dermis. Therefore, while porcine skin shares many similarities with human skin, distinct regional differences in composition and morphology exist. This study highlights the importance of appreciating these regional differences to avoid misinterpretation of experimental results when using porcine skin as a human analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Turner
- 1 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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43
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Wood FM. Skin regeneration: the complexities of translation into clinical practise. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:133-40. [PMID: 25448410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The integration of engineering into biological science has resulted in the capacity to provide tissue engineered solutions for tissue damage. Skin regeneration remains the goal of skin repair to reduce the long term consequences of scarring to the individual. A scar is abnormal in its architecture, chemistry and cell phenotype, tissue engineering of scaffolds and cells opens up the potential of tissue regeneration into the future. Tissue engineering solutions have been applied to skin many decades despite technical success the clinical application has been modest. To realise the potential of the developing technologies needs alignment of not only the science and engineering but also the commercial upscaling of production in a safe and regulated framework for clinical use. In addition the education and training for the introduction of new technology within the health system is essential, bringing together the technology and systems for utilisation to optimise the patient outcome. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: The challenge of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Burn Injury Research Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia.
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44
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Ma J, Sahoo S, Baker AR, Derwin KA. Investigating muscle regeneration with a dermis/small intestinal submucosa scaffold in a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:355-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio 44195
| | - Sambit Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio 44195
| | - Andrew R. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio 44195
| | - Kathleen A. Derwin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio 44195
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45
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Gao X, Usas A, Tang Y, Lu A, Tan J, Schneppendahl J, Kozemchak AM, Wang B, Cummins JH, Tuan RS, Huard J. A comparison of bone regeneration with human mesenchymal stem cells and muscle-derived stem cells and the critical role of BMP. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6859-70. [PMID: 24856105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult multipotent stem cells have been isolated from a variety of human tissues including human skeletal muscle, which represent an easily accessible source of stem cells. It has been shown that human skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) are muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells capable of multipotent differentiation. Although hMDSCs can undergo osteogenic differentiation and form bone when genetically modified to express BMP2; it is still unclear whether hMDSCs are as efficient as human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) for bone regeneration. The current study aimed to address this question by performing a parallel comparison between hMDSCs and hBMMSCs to evaluate their osteogenic and bone regeneration capacities. Our results demonstrated that hMDSCs and hBMMSCs had similar osteogenic-related gene expression profiles and had similar osteogenic differentiation capacities in vitro when transduced to express BMP2. Both the untransduced hMDSCs and hBMMSCs formed very negligible amounts of bone in the critical sized bone defect model when using a fibrin sealant scaffold; however, when genetically modified with lenti-BMP2, both populations successfully regenerated bone in the defect area. No significant differences were found in the newly formed bone volumes and bone defect coverage between the hMDSC and hBMMSC groups. Although both cell types formed mature bone tissue by 6 weeks post-implantation, the newly formed bone in the hMDSCs group underwent quicker remodelling than the hBMMSCs group. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that hMDSCs are as efficient as hBMMSCs in terms of their bone regeneration capacity; however, both cell types required genetic modification with BMP in order to regenerate bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ying Tang
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jian Tan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Adam M Kozemchak
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan Class of 2013, Pittsburgh Tissue Engineering Initiative Summer Internship, United States
| | - Bing Wang
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Gao X, Usas A, Proto JD, Lu A, Cummins JH, Proctor A, Chen CW, Huard J. Role of donor and host cells in muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone repair: differentiation vs. paracrine effects. FASEB J 2014; 28:3792-809. [PMID: 24843069 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-247965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Murine muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been shown capable of regenerating bone in a critical size calvarial defect model when transduced with BMP 2 or 4; however, the contribution of the donor cells and their interactions with the host cells during the bone healing process have not been fully elucidated. To address this question, C57/BL/6J mice were divided into MDSC/BMP4/GFP, MDSC/GFP, and scaffold groups. After transplanting MDSCs into the critical-size calvarial defects created in normal mice, we found that mice transplanted with BMP4GFP-transduced MDSCs healed the bone defect in 4 wk, while the control groups (MDSC-GFP and scaffold) demonstrated no bone healing. The newly formed trabecular bone displayed similar biomechanical properties as the native bone, and the donor cells directly participated in endochondral bone formation via their differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes via the BMP4-pSMAD5 and COX-2-PGE2 signaling pathways. In contrast to the scaffold group, the MDSC groups attracted more inflammatory cells initially and incurred faster inflammation resolution, enhanced angiogenesis, and suppressed initial immune responses in the host mice. MDSCs were shown to attract macrophages via the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and promote endothelial cell proliferation by secreting multiple growth factors. Our findings indicated that BMP4GFP-transduced MDSCs not only regenerated bone by direct differentiation, but also positively influenced the host cells to coordinate and promote bone tissue repair through paracrine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Arvydas Usas
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Jonathan D Proto
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | | | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and
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47
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Characterisation of the cellular infiltrate in the foreign body granuloma of textile meshes with its impact on collagen deposition. Hernia 2014; 18:571-8. [PMID: 24500375 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-014-1220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As part of the foreign body reaction, mesh filaments are surrounded by an infiltrate of inflammatory cells. Though macrophages are considered as being predominant, little is known about the origin of other cells. METHODS On 55 meshes explanted from humans, we characterised the cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of the granuloma by immunohistochemistry using 10 cellular markers: CD3+ lymphocytes, CD4+ T helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD34+ stem cells, CD45R0+ leucocytes, CD68+ macrophages, Mib1 for proliferation, Vimentin for mesenchymal origin, and Desmin for myocytes. Collagen deposits were analysed after staining with Sirius Red. RESULTS More than 80 % of the cells in the infiltrate showed a positive expression of CD68, CD8, CD45R0 and Vimentin. CD4 and Desmin were seen in 30-80 % of the cells, unaffected by material or time. A score summarising the expression of all markers positively correlated significantly with an increased percentage of collagen type III (green) in the mesh wound. The analysis of collagen deposits was only affected to a small degree by size of area for investigation. CONCLUSIONS At the vicinity of the mesh filaments, the accumulated inflammatory cells represent a mixture of cells of various origins. The high expression of at least four markers requires co-expression of different surface markers and thus confirms the existence of multiple transition forms instead of dominance of just macrophages. This offers new options for interventions to attenuate the inflammatory reaction of mesh implants.
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Bhattacharyya TK, Barch BE, Vargas M, Thomas JR. Cutaneous injury following acute UV-B radiation in a mouse model: a pilot histological study. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023613y.0000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
The field of anatomic pathology has changed significantly over the last decades and, as a result of the technological developments in molecular pathology and genetics, has had increasing pressures put on it to become quantitative and to provide more information about protein expression on a cellular level in tissue sections. Multispectral imaging (MSI) has a long history as an advanced imaging modality and has been used for over a decade now in pathology to improve quantitative accuracy, enable the analysis of multicolor immunohistochemistry, and drastically reduce the impact of contrast-robbing tissue autofluorescence common in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. When combined with advanced software for the automated segmentation of different tissue morphologies (eg, tumor vs stroma) and cellular and subcellular segmentation, MSI can enable the per-cell quantitation of many markers simultaneously. This article covers the role that MSI has played in anatomic pathology in the analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, discusses the technological aspects of why MSI has been adopted, and provides a review of the literature of the application of MSI in anatomic pathology.
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Luffy SA, Chou DT, Waterman J, Wearden PD, Kumta PN, Gilbert TW. Evaluation of magnesium-yttrium alloy as an extraluminal tracheal stent. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:611-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Luffy
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Da-Tren Chou
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jenora Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences; North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Greensboro North Carolina
| | - Peter D. Wearden
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Prashant N. Kumta
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas W. Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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