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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2024; 8:218. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs8060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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2
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Yang L, Liu S, Fang W, Chen J, Chen Y. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-bioactive glass composites as nanoporous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4874-4880. [PMID: 31798710 PMCID: PMC6880429 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using composite scaffolds of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and bioactive glass (BG) to repair bone defects. PLGA/BG composite scaffolds were prepared by thermally-induced phase separation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology, and liquid (absolute ethanol) replacement was used to calculate the porosity of the scaffold. The biocompatibility and degradation of the scaffold were determined using human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and animal experiments. SEM showed that the scaffold had a nanofibrous three-dimensional network structure with a fiber diameter of 160-320 nm, a pore size of 1-7 µm, and a porosity of 93.048±0.121%. The scaffold structure was conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. It promoted cell osteogenesis and could be stably degraded in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
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Ignjatović NL, Janković R, Uskoković V, Uskoković DP. Effects of hydroxyapatite@poly-lactide- co-glycolide nanoparticles combined with Pb and Cd on liver and kidney parenchyma after the reconstruction of mandibular bone defects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:287-296. [PMID: 30997028 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00007k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of bone defects with the use of biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been a popular approach in medicine and dentistry. Most often the process of new bone formation is analyzed with the focus only on the region of the reconstructed defect. The effects of the therapy on distant organs have been rarely reported in the literature, especially not in synergy with the exposure to other bioactive chemicals. In this study, reconstruction of the mandibular bone in vivo using poly-lactide-co-glycolide-coated HAp (HAp/PLGA) nanoparticles was monitored with a simultaneous histopathological analysis of distant organs, specifically kidney and liver parenchyma. Heavy metals are among the most prominent environmental pollutants and have a high affinity for the crystal lattice of HAp, where they get incorporated by replacing calcium ions. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are two such metals that can be found in food, water and air, but are most commonly present in cigarette smoke, the frequent contaminant of hospital settings in the developing world. The influence of their presence in the repaired bone on the content of calcium (Ca) in the reconstructed bone defect was analyzed, along with the histopathological changes in liver and kidneys. A study performed on 24 female Wistar rats demonstrated that the reconstruction of mandibular bone defects using HAp/PLGA particles induced an increase in the content of Ca in the newly created bone without causing any pathological changes to the liver and the kidneys. The presence of Pb and Cd in the defects reconstructed with HAp/PLGA nanoparticles impeded the regenerative process and led to a severe and irreversible damage to the liver and kidney parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad L Ignjatović
- Institute of Technical Sciences , Serbian Academy of Science and Arts , Knez Mihailova 35/IV , P.O. Box 377 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia . ;
| | - Radmila Janković
- University of Belgrade , School of Medicine , Institute of Pathology , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- University of Illinois , Department of Bioengineering , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Dragan P Uskoković
- Institute of Technical Sciences , Serbian Academy of Science and Arts , Knez Mihailova 35/IV , P.O. Box 377 , 11000 Belgrade , Serbia . ;
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Babo PS, Cai X, Plachokova AS, Reis RL, Jansen J, Gomes ME, Walboomers XF. Evaluation of a platelet lysate bilayered system for periodontal regeneration in a rat intrabony three‐wall periodontal defect. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1277-e1288. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Babo
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
| | - Xinjie Cai
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Adelina S. Plachokova
- Department of Implantology and PeriodontologyRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - John Jansen
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Babo PS, Cai X, Plachokova AS, Reis RL, Jansen JA, Gomes ME, Walboomers XF. The Role of a Platelet Lysate-Based Compartmentalized System as a Carrier of Cells and Platelet-Origin Cytokines for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1164-1175. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Babo
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Portugal
| | - Xinjie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Adelina S. Plachokova
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Portugal
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Portugal
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Babo PS, Carvalho PP, Santo VE, Faria S, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Assessment of bone healing ability of calcium phosphate cements loaded with platelet lysate in rat calvarial defects. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:637-649. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216669474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Injectable calcium phosphate cements have been used as a valid alternative to autologous bone grafts for bone augmentation with the additional advantage of enabling minimally invasive implantation procedures and for perfectly fitting the tissue defect. Nevertheless, they have low biodegradability and lack adequate biochemical signaling to promote bone healing and remodeling. In previous in vitro studies, we observed that the incorporation of platelet lysate directly into the cement paste or loaded in hyaluronic acid microspheres allowed to modulate the cement degradation and the in vitro expression of osteogenic markers in seeded human adipose derived stem cells. The present study aimed at investigating the possible effect of this system in new bone formation when implanted in calvarial bilateral defects in rats. Different formulations were assessed, namely plain calcium phosphate cements, calcium phosphate cements loaded with human platelet lysate, hybrid injectable formulations composed of the calcium phosphate cement incorporating hyaluronin acid non-loaded microparticles (20% hyaluronin acid) or with particles loaded with platelet lysate. The degradability and new bone regrowth were evaluated in terms of mineral volume in the defect, measured by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis upon 4, 8 and 12 weeks of implantation. We observed that the incorporation of hyaluronin acid microspheres induced an overly rapid cement degradation, impairing the osteoconductive properties of the cement composites. Moreover, the incorporation of platelet lysate induced higher bone healing than the materials without platelet lysate, up to four weeks after surgery. Nevertheless, this effect was not found to be significant when compared to the one observed in the sham-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Babo
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Carvalho
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vítor E Santo
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Faria
- CMAT – Centre of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Applications, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Babo PS, Santo VE, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Development of an Injectable Calcium Phosphate/Hyaluronic Acid Microparticles System for Platelet Lysate Sustained Delivery Aiming Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1662-1677. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Babo
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Vítor E. Santo
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
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Kido HW, Brassolatti P, Tim CR, Gabbai‐Armelin PR, Magri AM, Fernandes KR, Bossini PS, Parizotto NA, Crovace MC, Malavazi I, da Cunha AF, Plepis AM, Anibal FF, Rennó AC. Porous poly (
D,L
‐lactide‐
co
‐glycolide) acid/biosilicate
®
composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:63-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hueliton W. Kido
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Patricia Brassolatti
- Department of PhysiotherapyPost‐Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Carla R. Tim
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Angela M.P. Magri
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Kelly R. Fernandes
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Bossini
- Department of PhysiotherapyPost‐Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Nivaldo A. Parizotto
- Department of PhysiotherapyPost‐Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Murilo C. Crovace
- Department of Materials EngineeringVitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and EvolutionFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Anderson F. da Cunha
- Department of Genetics and EvolutionFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana M.G. Plepis
- Institute of Chemistry of Sao Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Anibal
- Department of Morphology and PathologyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)São Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana C.M. Rennó
- Department of BiosciencesFederal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)Santos Sao Paulo Brazil
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Uskoković V. Nanostructured platforms for the sustained and local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2015; 32:1-59. [PMID: 25746204 PMCID: PMC4406243 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2014010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a critical view of the current state of the development of nanoparticulate and other solid-state carriers for the local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Mentioned are the downsides of traditional means for treating bone infection, which involve systemic administration of antibiotics and surgical debridement, along with the rather imperfect local delivery options currently available in the clinic. Envisaged are more sophisticated carriers for the local and sustained delivery of antimicrobials, including bioresorbable polymeric, collagenous, liquid crystalline, and bioglass- and nanotube-based carriers, as well as those composed of calcium phosphate, the mineral component of bone and teeth. A special emphasis is placed on composite multifunctional antibiotic carriers of a nanoparticulate nature and on their ability to induce osteogenesis of hard tissues demineralized due to disease. An ideal carrier of this type would prevent the long-term, repetitive, and systemic administration of antibiotics and either minimize or completely eliminate the need for surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Potential problems faced by even hypothetically "perfect" antibiotic delivery vehicles are mentioned too, including (i) intracellular bacterial colonies involved in recurrent, chronic osteomyelitis; (ii) the need for mechanical and release properties to be adjusted to the area of surgical placement; (iii) different environments in which in vitro and in vivo testings are carried out; (iv) unpredictable synergies between drug delivery system components; and (v) experimental sensitivity issues entailing the increasing subtlety of the design of nanoplatforms for the controlled delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, #205 Chicago, Illinois, 60607-7052
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Uskoković V, Desai TA. Nanoparticulate drug delivery platforms for advancing bone infection therapies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1899-912. [PMID: 25109804 PMCID: PMC4393954 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.944860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ongoing surge of resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotic therapies and the consistently aging median member of the human race signal an impending increase in the incidence of chronic bone infection. Nanotechnological platforms for local and sustained delivery of therapeutics hold the greatest potential for providing minimally invasive and maximally regenerative therapies for this rare but persistent condition. AREAS COVERED Shortcomings of the clinically available treatment options, including poly(methyl methacrylate) beads and calcium sulfate cements, are discussed and their transcending using calcium-phosphate/polymeric nanoparticulate composites is foreseen. Bone is a composite wherein the weakness of each component alone is compensated for by the strength of its complement and an ideal bone substitute should be fundamentally the same. EXPERT OPINION Discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo bioactivity assessments is highlighted, alongside the inherent imperfectness of the former. Challenges entailing the cross-disciplinary nature of engineering a new generation of drug delivery vehicles are delineated and it is concluded that the future for the nanoparticulate therapeutic carriers belongs to multifunctional, synergistic and theranostic composites capable of simultaneously targeting, monitoring and treating internal organismic disturbances in a smart, feedback fashion and in direct response to the demands of the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- University of Illinois, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Materials and Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Chicago, IL 60607-7052, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- University of California, Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
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Ishikawa K. Calcium Phosphate Cement. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-53980-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pandey AS, San Antonio JD, Addya S, Surrey S, Fortina P, Van Bockstaele EJ, Veznedaroglu E. Mechanisms of endothelial cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation on 4 types of platinum-based endovascular coils. World Neurosurg 2013; 82:684-95. [PMID: 23994074 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A subarachnoid hemorrhage is neurologically devastating, with 50% of patients becoming disabled or deceased. Advent of Guglielmi detachable coils in 1995 permitted endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Coiling is efficacious and safe, but durability needs improvement, as nearly 20% of patients require further invasive intervention secondary to aneurysm recurrence. The aim of this study is to develop an in vitro model of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and differentiation on four types of platinum-based coils, using gene expression profiling to understand EC biology as they colonize and differentiate on coils. METHODS Human umbilical vein ECs were grown in vitro on platinum coil segments. Growth patterns were assessed as a function of coil type. Gene expression profiles for coil attached versus coil unattached ECs were determined using immunohistochemistry and gene array analysis. RESULTS ECs showed rapid, robust attachment to all coil types. Some detachment occurred within 24-48 hours. Significant growth of remaining attached cells occurred during the next week, creating a confluence on coils and within coil grooves. Similar growth curve results were obtained with human brain ECs on platinum-based coil surfaces. Differentiation markers in attached cells (α(1), α(2), β(1) integrins) were expressed on immunostaining, whereas microarray gene expression revealed 48 up-regulated and 68 down-regulated genes after 24-hour growth on coils. Major pathways affected as a function of time of colonization on coils and coil type included those involved in regulation of cell cycle and cell signaling. CONCLUSIONS We developed an in vitro model for evaluating endothelialization of platinum coils to optimize coil design to support robust EC colonization and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya S Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | | | - Sankar Addya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saul Surrey
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erol Veznedaroglu
- Stroke and Cerebrovascular Center of New Jersey, Capital Health System, Trenton, New Jersey, USA
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Uskoković V, Hoover C, Vukomanović M, Uskoković DP, Desai TA. Osteogenic and antimicrobial nanoparticulate calcium phosphate and poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) powders for the treatment of osteomyelitis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3362-73. [PMID: 23706222 PMCID: PMC3672472 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of a material for simultaneous sustained and localized delivery of antibiotics and induction of spontaneous regeneration of hard tissues affected by osteomyelitis stands for an important clinical need. In this work, a comparative analysis of the bacterial and osteoblastic cell response to two different nanoparticulate carriers of clindamycin, an antibiotic commonly prescribed in the treatment of bone infection, one composed of calcium phosphate and the other comprising poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-coated calcium phosphate, was carried out. Three different non-cytotoxic phases of calcium phosphate, exhibiting dissolution and drug release profiles in the range of one week to two months to one year, respectively, were included in the analysis: monetite, amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. Spherical morphologies and narrow size distribution of both types of nanopowders were confirmed in transmission and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The antibiotic-containing powders exhibited sustained drug release contingent upon the degradation rate of the carrier. Assessment of the antibacterial performance of the antibiotic-encapsulated powders against Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen isolated from infected bone, yielded satisfactory results both in broths and on blood agar plates for all the analyzed powders. In contrast, no cytotoxic behavior was detected upon the incubation of the antibiotic powders with the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line for up to three weeks. The cells were shown to engage in a close contact with the antibiotic-containing particles, irrespective of their internal or surface phase composition, polymeric or mineral. At the same time, both types of particles upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx2 and protocollagen type I, suggesting their ability to promote osteogenesis and enhance remineralization of the infected site in addition to eliminating the bacterial source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Renno ACM, van de Watering FCJ, Nejadnik MR, Crovace MC, Zanotto ED, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA, van den Beucken JJJP. Incorporation of bioactive glass in calcium phosphate cement: An evaluation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5728-39. [PMID: 23159565 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are known for their unique ability to bond to living bone. Consequently, the incorporation of BGs into calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was hypothesized to be a feasible approach to improve the biological performance of CPC. Previously, it has been demonstrated that BGs can successfully be introduced into CPC, with or without poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles. Although an in vitro physicochemical study on the introduction of BG into CPC was encouraging, the biocompatibility and in vivo bone response to these formulations are still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo performance of BG supplemented CPC, either pure or supplemented with PLGA microparticles, via both ectopic and orthotopic implantation models in rats. Pre-set scaffolds in four different formulations (1: CPC; 2: CPC/BG; 3: CPC/PLGA; and 4: CPC/PLGA/BG) were implanted subcutaneously and into femoral condyle defects of rats for 2 and 6 weeks. Upon ectopic implantation, incorporation of BG into CPC improved the soft tissue response by improving capsule and interface quality. Additionally, the incorporation of BG into CPC and CPC/PLGA showed 1.8- and 4.7-fold higher degradation and 2.2- and 1.3-fold higher bone formation in a femoral condyle defect in rats compared to pure CPC and CPC/PLGA, respectively. Consequently, these results highlight the potential of BG to be used as an additive to CPC to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, further confirmation is necessary regarding long-term in vivo studies, which also have to be performed under compromised wound-healing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Renno
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Oortgiesen DAW, Meijer GJ, Bronckers ALJJ, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA. Regeneration of the periodontium using enamel matrix derivative in combination with an injectable bone cement. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17:411-21. [PMID: 22552596 PMCID: PMC3579465 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has proven to enhance periodontal regeneration; however, its effect is mainly restricted to the soft periodontal tissues. Therefore, to stimulate not only the soft tissues, but also the hard tissues, in this study EMD is combined with an injectable calcium phosphate cement (CaP; bone graft material). The aim was to evaluate histologically the healing of a macroporous CaP in combination with EMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intrabony, three-wall periodontal defects (2 × 2 × 1.7 mm) were created mesial of the first upper molar in 15 rats (30 defects). Defects were randomly treated according to one of the three following strategies: EMD, calcium phosphate cement and EMD, or left empty. The animals were killed after 12 weeks, and retrieved samples were processed for histology and histomorphometry. RESULTS Empty defects showed a reparative type of healing without periodontal ligament or bone regeneration. As measured with on a histological grading scale for periodontal regeneration, the experimental groups (EMD and CaP/EMD) scored equally, both threefold higher compared with empty defects. However, most bone formation was measured in the CaP/EMD group; addition of CAP to EMD significantly enhanced bone formation with 50 % compared with EMD alone. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this animal study, the adjunctive use of EMD in combination with an injectable cement, although it did not affect epithelial downgrowth, appeared to be a promising treatment modality for regeneration of bone and ligament tissues in the periodontium. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The adjunctive use of EMD in combination with an injectable cement appears to be a promising treatment modality for regeneration of the bone and ligament tissues in the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël A. W. Oortgiesen
- Department of Biomaterials (309), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. Meijer
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius L. J. J. Bronckers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials (309), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials (309), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bongio M, van den Beucken JJJP, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Jansen JA. Preclinical evaluation of injectable bone substitute materials. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:191-209. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bongio
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | | | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Taniyama K, Shirakata Y, Yoshimoto T, Takeuchi N, Yoshihara Y, Noguchi K. Bone formation using β-tricalcium phosphate/carboxymethyl-chitin composite scaffold in rat calvarial defects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 116:e450-6. [PMID: 22901650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of β-tricalcium phosphate/carboxymethyl-chitin material (β-TCP/CM-chitin) on bone formation in rat calvarial defects. STUDY DESIGN Eighteen animals surgically received 2 calvarial defects (5 mm) bilaterally in each parietal bone. β-TCP/CM-chitin was implanted in one side of each defect, and the contralateral side of the defect was left empty as a control. The animals were humanely killed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery for histologic evaluation. RESULTS New bone formation in the β-TCP/CM-chitin group was significantly greater than that in the control group throughout the healing periods (P < .05). β-TCP/CM-chitin was remarkably resorbed 12 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that β-TCP/CM-chitin is useful as a scaffold for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Taniyama
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Cipitria A, Lange C, Schell H, Wagermaier W, Reichert JC, Hutmacher DW, Fratzl P, Duda GN. Porous scaffold architecture guides tissue formation. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1275-88. [PMID: 22407823 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defect regeneration is a remaining clinical concern. Numerous scaffold-based strategies are currently being investigated to enable in vivo bone defect healing. However, a deeper understanding of how a scaffold influences the tissue formation process and how this compares to endogenous bone formation or to regular fracture healing is missing. It is hypothesized that the porous scaffold architecture can serve as a guiding substrate to enable the formation of a structured fibrous network as a prerequirement for later bone formation. An ovine, tibial, 30-mm critical-sized defect is used as a model system to better understand the effect of the scaffold architecture on cell organization, fibrous tissue, and mineralized tissue formation mechanisms in vivo. Tissue regeneration patterns within two geometrically distinct macroscopic regions of a specific scaffold design, the scaffold wall and the endosteal cavity, are compared with tissue formation in an empty defect (negative control) and with cortical bone (positive control). Histology, backscattered electron imaging, scanning small-angle X-ray scattering, and nanoindentation are used to assess the morphology of fibrous and mineralized tissue, to measure the average mineral particle thickness and the degree of alignment, and to map the local elastic indentation modulus. The scaffold proves to function as a guiding substrate to the tissue formation process. It enables the arrangement of a structured fibrous tissue across the entire defect, which acts as a secondary supporting network for cells. Mineralization can then initiate along the fibrous network, resulting in bone ingrowth into a critical-sized defect, although not in complete bridging of the defect. The fibrous network morphology, which in turn is guided by the scaffold architecture, influences the microstructure of the newly formed bone. These results allow a deeper understanding of the mode of mineral tissue formation and the way this is influenced by the scaffold architecture. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Cipitria
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Institutsgebäude Süd/Südstraße 2, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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Klijn RJ, van den Beucken JJ, Félix Lanao RP, Veldhuis G, Leeuwenburgh SC, Wolke JG, Meijer GJ, Jansen JA. Three Different Strategies to Obtain Porous Calcium Phosphate Cements: Comparison of Performance in a Rat Skull Bone Augmentation Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1171-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinoud J. Klijn
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rosa P. Félix Lanao
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander C. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop G.C. Wolke
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. Meijer
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hoekstra JWM, Klijn RJ, Meijer GJ, van den Beucken JJJP, Jansen JA. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with injectable calcium phosphate cements: a pre-clinical study in sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:210-6. [PMID: 22335192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pre-clinical study was to evaluate the biological performance of two injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composite materials containing poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) microspheres with different properties in a maxillary sinus floor elevation model in sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS PLGA microspheres were made of either low molecular weight (~17 kDa) acid-terminated PLGA (PLGA(L-AT) ) or high molecular weight (~44 kDa) end-capped PLGA (PLGA(H-EC) ) and incorporated in CPC. Eight female Swifter sheep underwent a bilateral maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure via an extra-oral approach. All animals received both materials, alternately injected in the left and right sinus (split-mouth model) and a time point of 12 weeks was used. Analysis of biological performance was based on histology, histomorphometry, and evaluation of sequential fluorochrome labeling. RESULTS Both types of CPC-PLGA composites showed biocompatibility and direct bone-cement contact. CPC-PLGA(L-AT) showed a significantly higher degradation distance compared to CPC-PLGA(H-EC) (1949 ± 1295 μm vs. 459 ± 267 μm; P = 0.0107). Further, CPC-PLGA(L-AT) showed significantly more bone in the region of interest (26.4 ± 10.5% vs. 8.6 ± 3.9% for PLGA(H-EC) ; P = 0.0009) and significantly less remaining CPC material (61.2 ± 17.7% vs. 81.9 ± 10.9% for PLGA(H-EC) ; P = 0.0192). CONCLUSIONS Both CPC-PLGA(L-AT) and CPC-PLGA(H-EC) demonstrated to be safe materials for sinus floor elevation procedures in a large animal model, presenting biocompatibility and direct bone contact. In view of material performance, CPC-PLGA(L-AT) showed significantly faster degradation and a significantly higher amount of newly formed bone compared to CPC-PLGA(H-EC) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem M Hoekstra
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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In vitro degradation rate of apatitic calcium phosphate cement with incorporated PLGA microspheres. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3459-68. [PMID: 21689794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are frequently used as bone substitute material. Despite their superior clinical handling and excellent biocompatibility, they exhibit poor degradability, which limits bone ingrowth into the implant. Microspheres were prepared from poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and included in injectable CPCs as porogens in order to enhance its macroporosity after the polymeric microspheres had degraded. Upon degradation of the PLGA microspheres, acid is produced that enhances the dissolution rate of the CPC. However, the effect of the characteristics of PLGA microspheres on the degradation rate of CPCs has never been studied before. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the dependence of CPC degradation on the chemical and morphological characteristics of incorporated PLGA microspheres. With respect to the chemical characteristics of the PLGA microspheres, the effects of both PLGA molecular weight (5, 17 and 44kDa) and end-group functionalization (acid-terminated or end-capped) were studied. In addition, two types of PLGA microspheres, differing in morphology (hollow vs. dense), were tested. The results revealed that, although both chemical parameters clearly affected the polymer degradation rate when embedded as hollow microspheres in CPC, the PLGA and CPC degradation rates were mainly dependent on the end-group functionalization. Moreover, it was concluded that dense microspheres were more efficient porogens than hollow ones by increasing the CPC macroporosity during in vitro incubation. By combining all test parameters, it was concluded that dense PLGA microspheres consisting of acid-terminated PLGA of 17kDa exhibited the highest and fastest acid-producing capacity and correspondingly the highest and fastest amount of porosity. In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that the combination of dense, acid-terminated PLGA microspheres with CPC emerges as a successful combination to achieve enhanced apatitic CPC degradation.
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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New processing approaches in calcium phosphate cements and their applications in regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2863-73. [PMID: 20123046 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The key feature of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) lies in the setting reaction triggered by mixing one or more solid calcium phosphate salts with an aqueous solution. Upon mixture, the reaction takes place through a dissolution-precipitation process which is macroscopically observed by a gradual hardening of the cement paste. The precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals at body or room temperature, and the fact that those materials can be used as self-setting pastes, have for many years been the most attractive features of CPCs. However, the need to develop materials able to sustain bone tissue ingrowth and be capable of delivering drugs and bioactive molecules, together with the continuous requirement from surgeons to develop more easily handling cements, has pushed the development of new processing routes that can accommodate all these requirements, taking advantage of the possibility of manipulating the self-setting CPC paste. It is the goal of this paper to provide a brief overview of the new processing developments in the area of CPCs and to identify the most significant achievements.
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25
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Suzawa Y, Funaki T, Watanabe J, Iwai S, Yura Y, Nakano T, Umakoshi Y, Akashi M. Regenerative behavior of biomineral/agarose composite gels as bone grafting materials in rat cranial defects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:965-75. [PMID: 19722281 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biological behavior of Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/agarose and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/agarose composite gels by an alternate soaking process used for the treatment of surgically produced bone defects in rat cranium. We designed the following four groups: (i) HAp (HAp/agarose composite gel), (ii) CaCO3 (CaCO3/agarose composite gel), (iii) Agarose (bare agarose gel), and (iv) Defect (no filling materials). We subdivided (i) (ii) (iii) into two application types as a (I) Homogenized Group (homogenized materials) and a (II) Disk Group (disk shaped materials). We assessed samples by radiological and histological analyses 0, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. The results indicated that the composite gels showed higher radiopacity in microfocus-computed tomography (muCT) images and showed higher volume in quantitative analyses using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) than the Agarose and Defect groups. The histological examination showed characteristic images due to each application form. Consequently, HAp and CaCO3/agarose composite gels can be expected to accelerate the speed of producing more new bone associated with osteogenesis. These novel biomaterials play an important role as an alternative biocompatible and biodegradable bone grafting filler material for autogenous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Suzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2009; 44:2343-2387. [DOI: 10.1007/s10853-008-3124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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27
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Link DP, van den Dolder J, van den Beucken JJ, Wolke JG, Mikos AG, Jansen JA. Bone response and mechanical strength of rabbit femoral defects filled with injectable CaP cements containing TGF-beta 1 loaded gelatin microparticles. Biomaterials 2007; 29:675-82. [PMID: 17996293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focused at the potential of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) loaded gelatin microparticles to enhance the bone response and mechanical strength of rabbit femoral defects filled with injectable calcium phosphate (CaP)/gelatin microparticle composites. Therefore, TGF-beta1 loaded composites and non-loaded controls were injected in circular defects as created in the femoral condyles of rabbits and were left in place for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The specimens were evaluated mechanically (push-out test), and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and histomorphometry). The results showed a gradual increase in mechanical strength with increasing implantation periods. Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation showed similar results for both composite formulations regarding histological aspect, new bone formation and bone/implant contact. However, TGF-beta1 loading of the composites demonstrated a significant effect on composite degradation after twelve weeks of implantation. The results of this study showed that CaP/gelatin composites show excellent osteogenic properties and a rapid increase in mechanical strength. The addition of TGF-beta1 significantly enhances the bone remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Link
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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