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Phogat A, Singh J, Kumar V, Malik V. Berberine mitigates acetamiprid-induced hepatotoxicity and inflammation via regulating endogenous antioxidants and NF-κB/TNF-α signaling in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87412-87423. [PMID: 37421530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide used on a large scale and has been reported for oxidative stress-mediated toxicity and physiological alterations in mammals. The plant-derived natural antioxidant berberine (BBR) possesses protective potential against inflammation, structural changes, and cellular toxicity. The current study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of acetamiprid exposure and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory efficacy of BBR in rat liver tissue. The results showed that intragastric exposure of acetamiprid (21.7 mg/kg b.wt, i.e., 1/10 of LD50) for 21 days significantly elicited oxidative stress as evidenced by lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and depletion of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, acetamiprid exposure elevated NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 expression and caused structural alterations in liver tissue. Biochemical results showed that 2-h pre-treatment of BBR (150 mg/kg b.wt; 21 days) reduced damage to lipids and proteins, replenished GSH, enhanced SOD and catalase activities, and offered antioxidative effects against acetamiprid toxicity. Also, BBR suppressed inflammation by regulating NF-κB/TNF-α signaling in hepatic tissue of acetamiprid-intoxicated rats. Histopathological examination confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of BBR. Our findings indicate that BBR might be a potential ameliorative agent against oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Phogat
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Malik
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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The effect of low doses of chlorpyrifos on blood and bone marrow cells in Wistar rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:223-232. [PMID: 36226822 PMCID: PMC9837532 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of low doses of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on blood and bone marrow cells in adult male Wistar rats. CPF was administered by oral gavage at daily doses of 0.010, 0.015, and 0.160 mg/kg of body weight (bw) for 28 consecutive days. Positive control (PC) was administered 300 mg/kg bw/day of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for the final three days of the experiment. Toxic outcomes of exposure were determined with the in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay and alkaline comet assay. The 28-day exposure to the 0.015 mg/kg CPF dose, which was three times higher than the current value of acute reference dose (ARfD), reduced body weight gain in rats the most. The in vivo MN assay showed significant differences in number of reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes between PC and negative control (NC) and between all control groups and the groups exposed to 0.015 and 0.160 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes per 2000 erythrocytes was significantly higher in the PC than the NC group or group exposed to 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. CPF treatment did not significantly increase primary DNA damage in bone marrow cells compared to the NC group. However, the damage in bone marrow cells of CPF-exposed rats was much higher than the one recorded in leukocytes, established in the previous research. Both assays proved to be successful for the assessment of CPFinduced genome instability in Wistar rats. However, the exact mechanisms of damage have to be further investigated and confirmed by other, more sensitive methods.
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Zhao GP, Yang FW, Li JW, Xing HZ, Ren FZ, Pang GF, Li YX. Toxicities of Neonicotinoid-Containing Pesticide Mixtures on Nontarget Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1884-1893. [PMID: 32936472 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are a widely used class of pesticides. Co-exposure to neonicotinoids and other classes of pesticides can exert potentiating or synergistic effects, and these mixtures have been detected in human bodily fluids. The present review summarizes studies into the effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures on humans and other nontarget organisms. Exposure to these mixtures has been reported to result in reproductive and hormonal toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in vertebrates. Mortality of pollinators and toxicity in other organisms has also been reported. The underlying mechanism of pesticide mixture toxicity may be associated with impairment of cytochrome 450 enzymes, which are involved in metabolizing pesticides. However, a comprehensive explanation of the adverse effects of neonicotinoid-containing pesticide mixtures is still required so that effective prevention and control measures can be formulated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1884-1893. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Zhu Xing
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Apostolou T, Loizou K, Hadjilouka A, Inglezakis A, Kintzios S. Newly Developed System for Acetamiprid Residue Screening in the Lettuce Samples Based on a Bioelectric Cell Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E8. [PMID: 31991561 PMCID: PMC7168231 DOI: 10.3390/bios10020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Population growth and increased production demands on fruit and vegetables have driven agricultural production to new heights. Nevertheless, agriculture remains one of the least optimized industries, with laboratory tests that take days to provide a clear result on the chemical level of produce. To address this problem, we developed a tailor-made solution for the industry that can allow multiple field tests on key pesticides, based on a bioelectric cell biosensor and the measurement of the cell membrane potential changes, according to the principle of the Bioelectric Recognition Assay (BERA). We developed a fully functional system that operates using a newly developed hardware for multiple data sources and an Android application to provide results within 3 min. The presence of acetamiprid residues caused a cell membrane hyperpolarization, which was distinguishable from the control samples. A database that classified samples Below or Above Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) was then created, based on a newly developed algorithm. Additionally, lettuce samples were analyzed with the conventional and the newly developed method, in parallel, revealing a high correlation on sample classification. Thus, it was demonstrated that the novel biosensor system could be used in the food supply chain to increase the number of tested products before they reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofylaktos Apostolou
- EMBIO Diagnostics Ltd., Athalassas Ave 8, Strovolos, 2018 Nicosia, Cyprus; (K.L.); (A.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Konstantinos Loizou
- EMBIO Diagnostics Ltd., Athalassas Ave 8, Strovolos, 2018 Nicosia, Cyprus; (K.L.); (A.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Agni Hadjilouka
- EMBIO Diagnostics Ltd., Athalassas Ave 8, Strovolos, 2018 Nicosia, Cyprus; (K.L.); (A.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Antonios Inglezakis
- EMBIO Diagnostics Ltd., Athalassas Ave 8, Strovolos, 2018 Nicosia, Cyprus; (K.L.); (A.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece;
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Zhu F, Ihsan A, Wang X, Yuan Z. A Novel Strategy to Predict Carcinogenicity of Antiparasitics Based on a Combination of DNA Lesions and Bacterial Mutagenicity Tests. Front Public Health 2017; 5:288. [PMID: 29170735 PMCID: PMC5684118 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals prior to commercialization is requested by regulatory agencies. The bacterial mutagenicity test was considered having the highest accuracy of carcinogenic prediction. However, some evidences suggest that it always results in false-positive responses when the bacterial mutagenicity test is used to predict carcinogenicity. Along with major changes made to the International Committee on Harmonization guidance on genotoxicity testing [S2 (R1)], the old data (especially the cytotgenetic data) may not meet current guidelines. This review provides a compendium of retrievable results of genotoxicity and animal carcinogenicity of 136 antiparasitics. Neither genotoxicity nor carcinogenicity data is available for 84 (61.8%), while 52 (38.2%) have been evaluated in at least one genotoxicity or carcinogenicity study, and only 20 (14.7%) in both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Among 33 antiparasitics with at least one old result in in vitro genotoxicity, 15 (45.5%) are in agreement with the current ICH S2 (R1) guidance for data acceptance. Compared with other genotoxicity assays, the DNA lesions can significantly increase the accuracy of prediction of carcinogenicity. Together, a combination of DNA lesion and bacterial tests is a more accurate way to predict carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
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Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of copper oxychloride in cultured human lymphocytes using cytogenetic and molecular tests. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2027-36. [PMID: 26754841 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxicity of copper oxychloride was investigated in human lymphocytes using chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests and the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction technique. The lymphocytes were treated with 3, 6, and 12 µg/mL of copper oxychloride for 24 and 48 h. Copper oxychloride increased CA and abnormal cells in a dose-dependent manner. The frequency of MN and micronucleated binuclear cells also increased at all concentrations and treatment periods. However, copper oxychloride cytotoxicity, observed through lower mitotic and nuclear division index, was significantly lower only at the higher concentrations (6 and 12 µg/mL). Copper oxychloride increased the polymorphic bands and decreased genomic template stability. In conclusion, in this study it was confirmed that copper oxychloride has genotoxic potential for human lymphocytes in vitro. Additionally, caution is advised for its use as a fungicide, because it may increase the risk of exposure through the food chain.
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Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of dicapthon insecticide. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:741-51. [PMID: 24477548 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of dicapthon were investigated by using the bacterial reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9 mix), and chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) tests in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Dicapthon was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide for all test systems. 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/plate doses of dicapthon were found to be weakly mutagenic on S. typhimurium TA 98 without S9 mix. The human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with four experimental concentrations of dicapthon (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. Dicapthon increased the frequency of SCE only at the 100 μg/mL concentration for the 24 and 48 h applications. Dicapthon also induced abnormal cell frequency, CA/cell ratio and frequency of MN dose dependently for 24 and 48 h. Dicapthon showed a statistically significant cytotoxic effect by decreasing the mitotic index in all concentrations and a cytostatic effect by decreasing nuclear division index in 100 and 200 μg/mL concentrations for both treatment periods when compared with both untreated and solvent controls. These values decreased also in a dose dependent manner.
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Ermler S, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. Genotoxic mixtures and dissimilar action: concepts for prediction and assessment. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:799-814. [PMID: 24297155 PMCID: PMC3927065 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of genotoxic agents have frequently been assessed without clear assumptions regarding their expected (additive) mixture effects, often leading to claims of synergisms that might in fact be compatible with additivity. We have shown earlier that the combined effects of chemicals, which induce micronuclei (MN) in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells by a similar mechanism, were additive according to the concept of concentration addition (CA). Here, we extended these studies and investigated for the first time whether valid additivity expectations can be formulated for MN-inducing chemicals that operate through a variety of mechanisms, including aneugens and clastogens (DNA cross-linkers, topoisomerase II inhibitors, minor groove binders). We expected that their effects should follow the additivity principles of independent action (IA). With two mixtures, one composed of various aneugens (colchicine, flubendazole, vinblastine sulphate, griseofulvin, paclitaxel), and another composed of aneugens and clastogens (flubendazole, doxorubicin, etoposide, melphalan and mitomycin C), we observed mixture effects that fell between the additivity predictions derived from CA and IA. We achieved better agreement between observation and prediction by grouping the chemicals into common assessment groups and using hybrid CA/IA prediction models. The combined effects of four dissimilarly acting compounds (flubendazole, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and melphalan) also fell within CA and IA. Two binary mixtures (flubendazole/paclitaxel and flubendazole/doxorubicin) showed effects in reasonable agreement with IA additivity. Our studies provide a systematic basis for the investigation of mixtures that affect endpoints of relevance to genotoxicity and show that their effects are largely additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Ermler
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK,
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